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- * l-'V. -its - Of-t-. D VOTED 1TO SOUTHERN RIGHTS 00NACY'NEWS, LITERATURE, 01NCIT NCS Proprietor. v sUMTERVLLE, S. (i. MARCH 20, 1850. SPEECH, n f4C. CALHOUN, atOn the Slavery QueRionu. DEL*RRED IN THE SENATI.OF TIlE U. STATEV Aarch 4th, 1850. [ 'coscr.unn] Having tow, Senators, explalne what it is that' endangers the Union :and traced it to its cause, and explainc ,itsinature and character, the q'uestioi again recurs: 1ow can the Union bk *saved? To thi I answer, there isbu one-*axy by whi h it can be, and tnat is by adopting snph measures as will'sath fy the States konging to the Souti ern section that they caii remain in th Union-consisneitl' wita their honor an their safety. There is, again. only on way by whiel that can be ellected, an 0;hgt is by removing the causes by whie this beliefi-!is been produced. 1) it4Vb Tjdiscontcnt will cease, harn ny and ud feelings between the set be storeI,&nd eveoy apprehei stonwfdanger to the Uiiion be remo Sed'?.:he question, then, is: by vha can t is be done ? But, before I n deftkeoo answer this qiiestioni I pfi pose. to.show by what the Union enin be saved. It ca'nnot4 then, be saved by 'nlog firem6"LUdion, however, splendid -the glri 1ePry of 'Union, Unio Veht'disnnii n than th j' no inore pr eilth glorions healtl!' on Ic physician, can save a )atici d tigorously ill.- So long as ti n4tead bf-being r led as leecgarded in the oRii Vy n IamVLI.t).'. zm a a in the States, ia wil be in ti oniial.hehe i 4ulogies on it. - - this cry -of Union com r sua da4nk~omn *e canni I he sincer ( f tiuaegk.re, to destruoy tI nwouild bie t. de-stro- tl tain evidene 0 of dev uLitm L. the Cols tj4ion, is, to abstain,0an the one hati Sfrom violating it, In l to repel, on th othetail attempts to violate it. It only by faithfully performing these big duties that the Contqitjurion can b1 o served, al vith it the 111n. uthowstamrl Ihe profession of d< 4V000 to the Union by our assailant when 6 ht-to the test ? Have the abstained from violating,, the Constitt tion? 'Let the many acts passed by th Northern States to set aside and annr .the clause of the Constitution providin for the (eliverilg up of fuiriive slave? answer. I cite this, not that it is th only instance, (for there are manv ot erm,) but because the violtion, ini tli particular, of the C(onsti tutioj is to notorious and palpable to be donie i. Again: have they stool lorth faitfll'ilI to repel violations of the Constitution Let their course in reference to the agi tation of the slavery qjestion, whie was comnmencedl and' carried on fir fit teen years, avowedilv ihr thle purpton of abolishing slavery in thle States-a object all allow to he unconstitutioni:l answer. Let them show a sing..le in stance, during th is long perii l, bi which they have denounced the agita tors or their attempts to (effect what is admitted to be ulnconsti tutionatl, or single measure which they have birough forward for thlat purpose. 11low ea wc, with all these facts before uts, bielievo that they arcesincere in their professioi of devotion to the Union, or avoid he lievinig their pirofessionI is b~ut intended(~m to increase the vigor of their assaults, and to weaken the force of our resist. .ance ? Nor canl we regardl the professioni of ldevotioni to the Union, on the part oi those who are niot our assailants, as sin. eere, when they pronounce eulogies~ upon the Union, evidentlyv with LIhe in. tent of charging us with dhisunlioni, with, out uttering one word of denunciaion against our assailants. If friends o1 the Union, their cou rse should hie to unite with us in repelling these assauilts, and denouncing~ th~e aumthot rs as enmiies ot~hd Union. 0Why they avoid this, and pursue the course they do, it is for themt to explain. Nor canl the Union he saved by in v'oking the name of the illustriousm Sou therner whose morrt al remin~ is re pose onI thle western han'ut k oif the l'itomIl ait. Hfe wast onl) e us-a slaIvehld~er and a planlter. We) hauve studliedI is h's tot-y, andu filndIII nthlinig iln it to jusifyi, s lhiilon01 to wrong. Ona thie c!ontrary, lIns gr~at f'ilIno rests on the soul4i md. aftion)t, thlat, while lhe was careful to4 ,'ddse doing wronig to (others, lhe waIs pr-l ~t andt diecid(etd iin repellinhg wrong I trustt that, in this respect, weJ have Sprofited by his e'xampile'. Nori can we J nytmg in his history to deter ou fron seceding from the Union, should i it fail to fulfil the objects for which it I was instituted, by being permanently i and hopelessly converted into the means I of oppressing instead of protecting us. . On the contrary, we find mneh in his i examule to encourage us, shculd we be < 1 forced to the extemity of deciding b6 tween stuission andl disuinion. There existed then, as well as now, a nion. t -that between the parent country and I her tlen colonies. It WAS n lilaionl that ] much to endear it to the people of < t t oloiies. Under its pro'ecting and A superintending care, the colonies were i lplanted aini grew u) amd prospererl, t through a long course of years. until i L theY becaie Iopulous 1ad weiltly.- I Its beiiefits wer not limited to them. Their extCnsive a grien uarid tua'l a otl r A iI prodnctions, gave birth to a flourishing I eoninumirce, which richly Ieivrel the parent counIitry ihar tihe trubile and ex Ienes of est~dahlshing amd protoetiig them. Washington was horn a nl grely up to inatil I4l under'that -urnini. lie aequired is-eatiy-distinpfionin its .r t vice, And there is. eveiy eas i tZ he lievo th lie was devotedly attached to iit.. ithis devotion was a ratioial one. 1e was Ittitchedl , not as an #hd, lut as a meanu to an end. When it - failed to fulfil its end, and, instead of affirding protection, was conver1ted in n to the neans ofoppressing the colonies. he did not hesitate to draw his sword and head the great movemnent hv which tharunion was foi-ever severed, anl the e. in kndence of thesea States estiablish ed. This 'witas thie great. ail : r1w1 Jim ' glory orhis li'e., whileii i-n e ifhmue over the whtnlerbe tralsnut it to h -1r-t- -4j nor that of the A dmitista Urou. I' shall Isas4 by wiu re it eio~4 J amark, the plk pi4til PrM" 4 -.j him -r hisI IlI I a ve a S9 -a ' lwtoagiy.f enz tors Cf h d ablkiaties, who, were pteIt when he 1lc'iverpil his.8 speeci'h *nll eained his plan, and who werjalI' enfh!e to d1 v ilstice to the side , spit , hauve I h rilol lw to hu1n. Tlw phuar 'i tas ..str:ion~ ca n. Ie s've the Uniaon, titns it enn I! na elT'et wliatever, towi 4.iF. n . the tates ('t i ll"': . v(en sc'ction of tle Uion. I conSistently w ithi saict v t111 C1 tama ill the Union. It i, -:. t 1110dificatiol (4f tle l Wilimiat It Itoposes to eflTct the same ta exchile the Stiuth fioal l 0. t... uniby (lhe IM"xican in-a l# weoll knowli tha .t tlie"S S1a1h . am.;:anst the ilm- t Pro.iS' -, t to re -i t, sto40dd it hWao t pasitin a n /1 '// u. , biut Ia( which it / ai't)Sit. ; b t i efl/. I a S) iather Statets hi h lto b . : hinal, mijna, ineit' ' a 3.1 uiih tin' n ' a n.1 t h-ch' t ,l! i ii t appl to what, U -r I. 'i. d'iiff-.rem-s btwni it e l ' t a'i ' aC'' f exaet in the mel hf f. -,: . I et, an' i th at \i1t o - :;i tm i> a a tv~ 'fi iitt ain ch fli'u n al l :it i'i'nah t It -'flas tola i tjt'L of. '(It Teit ifriia', a'h nd pr.' -ii etn o : .. iti'a' a Nat o the Foathi. Prtl' ai'. all Iik ifan Ii.' l'ict Ic la'- :.' l tin'' fiatr to ttae'l'udel' h W io tlP i' atait 'i th.e a) byi'~ avid encounter'Iin, tha.- unlitd andl~ leie s bya mlit' a'iaonu' t h ef m h it, a' tIy a (and c' ilahn. h ih shl. n ys dling theaia iith oit taken t~n~ 'iintta.e I tlof, hrom i'ii the ther n States tllf ts joint irtners and owners (if the Tq I -itories, of thei rigita in theni; but t nflicts no greater wound than is alh ottely necessarY to effects its' obj-ct Llic forniter, on tho contrary, lhilelit niflicts thle same wound, inflict otiM squally great, and, if possible, grener. is I shall next proceed to explain. Ii c'aiming the right for the ibhii its, instead of Congress, to leg' e or the Territories, in the ExecIutive Proviso, it assumes that the sovereignt e >f the Territories is vested in the tirin r, or o expiess it in the a.guare uw ' n a resolution offerel by otne of t .enators fr-om Textis,(enIln low aIseit,) they have 'the samc *et t right (1f, sel-govermtiiienttt >eOple in the States.' The ass. ' vo' a itterly uilInfounlled, Ilconlst- ti, without example, ail contrar I the antire practice of the Gw .IeIt. iroli its Colunencemn:t tIo t ; .-r ent iine, as I shall proceeti t'A lie receit mov'emnt of . tinls n Califliiato form-11 a Consiz;tutlionaw I State U averhine-w.' -I' to appoinlt Sen atOVs aill Rep, nL . , W is the irst frtit f tiis 1) ,n .. assninption. It the Iii t hoil. , ' ade thlis iil'vc menlt, hadt, ll( ne n i ni as ad-1 vetuLrers. it . such, the v had *01inpuered the 1ri1r1an1 estahise their ini-lepii ( " . tlt SOvelrinty (f the count v i have beenested ink them, :., siiuate :nAi indepeilenit Inanl.t . n that caset, they0 wouhl h the,& right to form ait C(onstiti oi to establihi a govenimit For Mal if, af*te-% uins, they priope to api 1v to Coigrt-ss -Ihnis116sion inito the Union ats a sover1 -ign anl iittlepIkeident StatC, ill this s'vh 111d e been regular, aulnt accordinir :-eatl lished prilnmciles. 11a1t such ;s lot Pte cas1. It was the United States voo conquered California, and (illvy idquired it by tregty. The sovereign. urpe, is. ves A i. them. an-d not n t e i ey tjentroversy, except it Call e t the v have since lost or been ivsted of their soverci Jnt v. 'or is it less clear, that the lower r legislating over the flequired teirito. V is.vested inl Congress, n 1 not, as suied', ii tle inhuitants of tile Ter it ories. None can deiiny!a that the Gov. irinent of the United SIates have tle twer to aicqitre Teritories, cither h) , - tr trIty; but if the pwe(mr to ae 111re exists, it h.,latigs to Co IrTess to arr it.into excentioni. Onl thi.; p-ointt 'e all he it dnht, for- the (C'tnsi Iti nl -xprI. s l trvd s tInIIt ('n,- s hall have m 'to tiike all laws w hich b il en c s - ial proper1 t4) an tti ei t thosi Id i. : ,or in an Vn~ lit $r1.I i . It'T lTx. It '01 f lereef. 1t n tt l ti (l n ~ r c'. i t l!,) .. i (' tI (ae altes the pttuSWr tf t-ila rt:sen or (trb-gtesnIo. itttexrnig.,ot bX ther bit ISO Wtli took thatae unr I-. which it acted, in. raference to what n was done in CaliforniA. - I rinderstand ( the answers have not pet bcen printed. But there is enougli bijown to justify 1 the assertion, that th< e -.wio profess to t repreaent and act un jthe authority ( :-f thei Execitive, hav Pdvi.sed, aided , al A*icouraged the ovkienit, which C trn ionted in forining wihat they called r a4 CAtitutio aLn a Atate.. Genrcal t 10 Wy who prolesseA ' act as civil I "i rnor, called thi Convention, do- t m:I wined on the nunarC anl distribu- r n of the delegates, :ippointed time t ni pilnce of its Ieiulg, wis -resent I during the session. A4d ga-e it3 pro ('eeldings his appl)batjenu anid sanction. if he acted without Othorit;, lie ought to have been triilt or at lis. repri inai'led and disavo% . Neitier hav ing beenl done, the p1 sumption is, that this course has hcen roved. This, of itself, is buflicient to identify the Exce. u.ive with his acts, delI to make it re svoiisilhie Fhr them. I t-ch not the uiestioni, wiether Gnieral Riley was a . ointed, -r receiveL4 the instructions moler which he profissed to act, from the present.Executit, or itF predeces s1r. If froint the foner, it would im 1icate the precedi as well as the presoit Administra)Ion. If not, the resIponsibility rests elusively on the p resent. t is manifest froa this statement, that the Execitive ierartment that un der taken to perforni acts preparatory to the meeting of thq'individuals to fornn their so-called Consitution and govern ment, whieh apperlain exclusively to Congress. Indeedjshey are identical n many respects, with the Provisions adopt ed by Congrex, when it'gies per mission to a Territp'ry to form a Con Istitution and Goventnent. in order to le adnmitted as a Stgpmto tlo Union, la vin~g no01 sh), 1 ieAat tio 111)011 which thi ( 11 'Sahcb individuals in Celi, . c naims to miake a few iremars, in order to show tilat what has bcei done is con trary to the, entire praienee of the Gov. erniment from its cot neccmei to the preseit time. From its comiepcemeut until the time that Michigan was admitted, the practice was uniform. Teri itorial Go vernmeits were firstorgainized by Con. Pre. Tle Government of the United Stat(S app1 oinitel the Govenors, Judges S'ecreta ris, Marsa~, and other oi eeTrS, a1l the inhabitats of the Terri torwere rel'resenlted by legislative bo d1i1s, uhi~e arts wiere sibject to the re vitm z f Coigress. This state of things continaued iaiti' the government fa T-rritorv apilieel to Congress to perinit its inhabit:mts to form a Consti tutin, :al . Goverginmeat, preliaratory to :i ithn:sn i: tihe liion. Tle pre lin1inla-Y act t. 1ivin11! permission a s, to asertai n whether the inhabitants w iT S1liiriel t ly n1u0 pris to atithorize hmt be frmed int a State. This s d I l taking, thle CenSus. Th at ling1 dl 44, a; l the number proviing act r~n ~ in i i al th prelimia tl 1 rie-;bo- lai :ztl ph:Ae of' Ihlin~ig the: conom'4 i ,n; 1h4 'inalljint.ion 'f the vo ali 'ther. mecantres net'ssary to b e set-1 dl previius to a'iin.- Th'le act pivil g j'eni4;sit~ nec('tYairly withglraws am I fravcs the' iab~ait:Ints of' the incijpi ent 8:a4e as4 lrce t4o f'rmt their ( 'onsti tt an.1 ii sovernmentd as were theC or- <4 iginal4 Stts ii.f41 the tiai'i tifter they had ieclare 1t ir indeeieunce. A t this stag'. tl h ih:ats J: the Territoryt ha- mte or tI Ihe lirst tiine~ a people, in " l n. I *- -n:!iittoal language. Pr-i-. r 1 t . lr, th 'i wee. b;, the ol acts of 4 4 re.-4 caibll inhabtttanits and not I .'i' A! I this i i(erbetlyV conistenat I wa th 'svere-i.gnty if the Uni t edl te.t nith the poe of Conigress, :n1: ui:h the a ight ofi lopie to self-. :l~an wtas thet firs' ease ini whicht ther uis anyi dl artur. from the uni-t to mir le o fiac tiin. I br's was a verye 4ht iel :,ii r F fro estialishierl usage.t The *r !ninanci of 7 -se(Ir(ed to her thet iht ot' heIeninL a Sidte, whlen sheil In.'44 t"eIne ne4liect ( ')r'ress delayed ilt h4 r i 44niatio incru'eIe, ntil it clearly d 4 'h4 44 re it'Ih'm twice tie numbi~ler f uh i: 4 itled hi er to4 ahntissi4n. A tt ths ta ich forn-d a Cosg'titutiuon and e (G'4ern-nent w ithi ut thbe censusit being s tit:n by th- I nitedt Sa-es, andii Con-. 'ji.su ai ;44 In : i.s r : there wase ii" i~n shi iou! 44 - Goa a sailicienztt onn'r to4 e: :h- her t' . rb~aii.-- I She4 was- n444 .ihtijttedI at the first ses- I si 'n shie apie l-, own to ,some ditlieul- " ty r~e-etinug the boundary bietween her a an ( Dio The gre:at i:-r-glarity, as a to her alhnision took place at the next t session. hit on a poti wa an- hao o possible connection with the case of p lalifornia. 01 The irregularities in all other cass C, ave since occured are of a similar na ure. In all, there existed Territorial le overnmeuts, established by Congress, C rith officers appointed by the United i4ates. In all, the Territqrial Govern- " nent took the lead in calling Conven ions, and fixing the preliminaries pre uaratory to the formation of a Constitu. d ion and admission into the Union.- ft 'hey all recognized ttiegovereignty of t< lie Uited States, and the authority of it Jongress over the Territories; and s thether there was any departure from it .stablished usage, it was done on the hJ >resumed consent of Congress, and not a n defiance of its authoirty, or the sover. a ignty of the United States over the r'erritories. In this respect California t ;tands alone, without usage, or a single ! xample to cover her case. It belongs now, Senators, for you to lecide what part you will act in refer. ence.to this unprecedented transaction. rhe Executive has laid the paper pur porting to be the 'Constitution of Cali ornia before you, and asks you to ad mit her into the Union as a State; and the question is: will you or will you not admit her ? It is a grave question, and there rests upon you a heavy re sponsibility. Much, very much, will depend upon your decision. If you admit her, you endorse and give your sanction to all that hos been doue. Are you prepared to surrender your power of legislation for the Territories; a pow. er expressly vested in Congress by the Constitution, as has been fully estah lished? Can you, consistently wth your oath to Bupport it CoNi 14 surrensd r the Terrtories ei a 6i l~two "Caw. ayext ~th~-~li~;may o peYOiss Are r surrender theisoveregnty of the Unitea States over whatever territory may be hereafter acquired to the first adventar era who may rush into it? Are you prepared to surrender virtually to the Executive Department, all the powers which you have heretofore exercised over the Territories ? If n6t, how can you consistently with your duty -your oaths to support the Constitution, give your assent to the admission of Califor ia as a State, under a pretented Con stitution and Government ? Again: can you believe that the pioject of a Con stution which they have adopted, has the least validity ? Can you believe I that there is such a State in reality as the State of California ? No; there is f no such ' Ito. It has no legal or con stitutionat. existence. It has no validity, An can hav - -ne, without your sanc tion. 11ov, tsien, can you admit it as 7 State, when, according to the provis oni of the Constitution, your power is imited to admitting new States. To r e admitted, it must be a State, an exis- i mg State, independent of your sanc- - ion, before you can admiit it. When c ou give your permission to the inhabhi- j ants of a Territory to form a Constimu ion and a State, the Coiistitutioni and a tate they form, dlerive their authority rom the people, anid not from you. TIhie f State before admitted is actually at State, add dloes not become so bv thc ect of admission, as wvould be the~ case t ith California, should you admit her v onit rary to constitutional provisions and ~ ~stablishecd usage heretofore. s Tfhe Senators on the other side of a lhe Chamber must permit me to make t1 few remarks, in this connection nar icularhy applicable to them, with 'thme ( xcep'tion of a few Senators from the " south, sit ting on that sideO of the Chiam. a >er. When the Oregon question w~as si 'efore this body not two years since, -ou took (itf I mistake not) universally I hec ground, that Congress had the sole I :1( absolute power of' legislating for 5l hic TIerritories. How, theni, can you w ow, after the short interval wvhich 'has j1' la >sed, abandon the ground which you tl oo -, and thereby virtually admit that Ir lie po Wer of legislating, instead of be- E gin Congress, is in the inhabitants it f the Te'rritories ? Ilow enn you jus- A fy andl sanction by your votes, the acts el F the Executive, which are in direct tI erogationi to whiat you then contenated si is ? But to approach still nearer to a1 lie present time, how car you, after C oiinuimmng, little more than a 'year at inece, the grounds takeni by the party rhich you defeated at the last election sl lhee rouind and support by your votes al bo grounds which, as explained recent- d< y on this floor by the candidate of the tl arty in the last election, are identical h eith thnose on which the Executive has tt eted in reference to California ? WVhat g* ro we to undersntand by all this ? Must te o conclud6 that the~ is nio sincerity, rc ofat, in the act. and declarnaans of iv iblio nen, and that all is: more acting to P hollow profession ? Or are we to s elcude that the exclusion of the South t om the Territory acquired f om Mcx- j o is an objot -of so paramount a k iaracter in yonr estimnation. that Right a ustice, Constitution, and Consistency, ust all yield, when they stand in the u ay of our cxclusioh ? But, it may be asked, what is to be 1 one with California, should she not be 8 imitted? I answer. reinarnd her back . > the Territorial condition, as was done V k the case of Tennessee, in the early V :age of the Government. Congress, i her case, had establishcd a Territor. i ii Government in the usual form, with I Governor, Judges, and other officers, ppointed by the United States. She 'as entitled, under the Iced of cession, a be admitted into the Union as a )tate as soon as she had sixty thousand ihabitants. The Territorial Govern ient believing it had that number, took census, by which it appeared it ex ceded it She then formed a Consti ution, and applied for admission. .'ongress iefused to admit her, on the ;round that the census should be taken >y the United States, and that Con. ,ress had not determined whether the L'erritorv should be formed into one or wo States, as it was authorized to do mider the cession. She returned qui )tly go her Territorial condition. An Let was passed to take a census by the [nited States, containing a provision ;hat the Territory should forn one State. &ll afterwards was regularly conducted, md the Territory admitted as a State n due fort. The irregularities in the ' Oaliforbia re immeasu'rably ' .rere ch strwnger rea n- the same course. i~pob tif mon be save L heoi but o4C which'it In with any certainty, d that is, -by a full and-final segle nent, on the principle of justtice, of all Ahe questions at issue between thle two iections. The South asks for justice. nimple justice, and less she ought not :o take. She has no compromise to ffer, but the Constitution; and no con ,ession or surrender to make. She has dready surrendered so much that she ias little left to surrender. Such a ettlement would go to tho root of the 'vil, and remove all cause of discontent. 3y satisfying the South, she could ro. ni honorably and safely in the Union, nd thereby restore the harmony and i-aternal feelings between the sections, which existed anterior to the MIssouri gitation. Nothing else can, with any ertainty, finally and forever, settle the nuestion at issue, terminate agitation, Ad save the Union. B3ut can this be done? Yes, easily: ot by the weaker party, for it can 'ot tself do nothingr-not even pro. et itself --but by the stronger. Tfhe North has nly to will it to accomplish it o do(1 listice by conceding to the S.u1b un qiual right ill the acquired te2ev nid to do her duty by causinug ti' esip ,lations relative to fugitive shivec :o be uilhfully fulfilled- to ceats. the a.gita ion of the slave qunes-ion, an. I tro ide for the insertion of a provi.son in be Constitution, by an amendment, hich will restore in substanlce the ower she possessed of protecting her elf, buefore the equllibriaun between the eetions wan destroyed Y i?n action of uis Government. 'lThere will be no ifficulty in devising such a pro'vision. ne that will protect the South, and hich, at the samie time, will imiprovc n~d strengthen the Government, in-2 end of impairing and weakening it. But wvill the North agree to do this? tis for her to answer this q'iestion. u t, I will say she cannot refunse, if ec has half the hove for thme Union hieh she pr-ofesses to hoave, or without stly exposing herself tm the ebarge at her love of power and aggrandize ent is far greater than her love of the nuion. A t all events, the r esponsibil y. of saving the Union rests on the ~orth, and not the South. T1he South umot save it by any act of hers, and me North may save it without any ~ciifice whatever, uless to do jnstice, id to perform lher duties under the onstitution, should be regarded by her1 Sa sacrifice. It is time, Senmators, that there iculdl be an openm and manly avowal on I sides, as to wvhat is intended to be mne. If the question is net riow'set. ad, it s uncertain.whether it ever can reafter be; and 'we, as the Reyrce1 tives of the States of this U~nion ,re rded as Govertinents; shou~ld come a distinct. understanding was to our spective views, itt errilr te asert~ hether the grent h'uaiskann a lh~a e settled oyot, ou ant the stronger,' oqij~c io >settle them onthe birosidprincip istice an~d dutAf ~ fn 1 Itates we both repree gr t rate and part in.peie I yo nwilling we shotld patt Iac s so, and we sl,11, owwbl that you reduc6 the' questi to iission or resistance . Ify. retuans., ilent -you will c'ompel d to infer b -ou, intend. In that Case CalflfliJY, vill become the test qsiestioiti' dmit her, under all the dififntie., F ppose her admission, you compellat&. afer that you intend to eeiau-Vs rom the whole of the acquired Teq'" ories, with the intent(on t0fdtf rretrievably, the eqnilibrinin betwem''-r he two secdons. We woiU' iot to perceive-in that case, youIi'i real objects are power and enient, and infatuated noa to-etAt'g .ordingly. I have now, done my duty, in expressing inyg p1 ions fully, freely, and candidly, ottt198 solemn occasion. In doing so, I hjv, been governed by the anotives X have governed me in all the stge the agitation of-the Slavery ustio since its comtr.encement. I 7ve erted myself, (dring the Wb36 e to arrest it, with the intentipn 'of a0n the Unidniif it could be done; could not, to save the section has pleased Provi ce to castVy and which, I since ybelie1e tice and the Constitution 9.s 2 e Having faithfully done my4uiy, ih best of my ability, both t Vbo i and my section, througliou tion, I shall han -7 oattoi what ill come, thgt msfreefrom responsibiity. consisted "of or fteoon%. sloos, all fro4d6 single arrival frot It was said many years agog New York went on as she progresing, she would sodi riW A ,,W port in commercel By tie have the prediction -eT,-h+ there is not a harbor in thq. to Newpo BA rho blan d.. _Xh4 - os of al Europe can safeily' r1iite anchor i its and there is ad of wate to. the wharves sufficient accom e4ote a line-pf-battle. all seaOf -he year, d 2h'' wind, W I:6Ican go . t- ea and the -hat oriamagmtfcent as it j~ withoutf etirred is defended of the ' shmigest fortre sse 1unt ry Onace Newport i*as the great sAapo , of the New England states. All whaling ships' sailed from that port' had the first spermaceti. w rksI transacted all the oil business, whic now exclusively done by Sng Urb4 Nantucket, and New Bedford. controlled all the B3arbadoes, Jam md West India conmme~ V~es were also fitted out there rto Coast of Guinea, where they puro i cargo of slaves, carried them to v4 :)a, took sugars in paymep t. and returp~. ad home. it this trad immense for :unes were made. There was no d 2eajlmentt in it--the traffic .was sopi iad undisguised; and on one occasion nan was tried for somd illegal ac ot~ ieted with this trade, wheni only o >e:son on the jury was in favor of ot rictintg him Yet, such was the pj~ arity of the African trade, this sibl uiryman became obnoxious to the pe~ de,. and one Sunday eveniig, bein hutrcht and probably aslerp, a felloiy amo in softly and cut his oar off.d Connecticut traded in horses, and-o. ucht an extent that it isgaid ofgth'bfi ank established in thaastate; that if a.~ nant got arnote for one hundred dollarF~ liscounted, they gave him fifty dollar' a n cash and a horse for the balande Rhode Island has now nearly fo~y anks, with remarkably small''fIt,'$ nid all ini good cretit. Committees of he legislature visit them petlodialli uid the committee themselves poiuttq pecie in their vaults. Thblatnks hs ve io notice of their-visit, and baseq y there is no borrowting cdhn to c. ~ood appearance. Newpo~tits~ waabe an agreeable Summner at le en bathing is dolightI1e, t cople kind and intellige tiM :ate of' Rhode Isled Is un' a aprosperous co on, ecrsons of modersite in dm lace eso plensant aid eeonom~~* ~ wport. buna -