University of South Carolina Libraries
ir { SU .TVAIt.VIl Y.I;, 4. (J. DECEill19ER 5, 1.34: The Sumter Banner: IV ILI LAiM1 J. IItAINCI~S. GOV EIIN~Ol'!.i i ENSM4I .. (Cdojlmia, Nov. 27111i, Id!. Alcenbc-rs of the I/~mice ref IeL.PrsIIII/ ii's: (.EENrr.1Ei l\-1 on are asseiiiled utndr r~ircutil3tallc3s, ill liiany respe ts, jh3'(iliairI favorable to r isa1drate an sound~i leg's I:1 u'ii. 'I'Iie yeair \vhiicl is.c n3.ii has lbiei (1151 33. guislved iin a very i'eiiiarka lii' d.'!.rr''3 or II, general hiealthi o31 nor c'.3/.3 l.. 1'.l ile'I pCstileil('C whii~ ich a (nl'33533'3I to 11wi tol,.!) so miaith thoulsainds of the 33 peol' 111' othei'r parts dlour coi~innon count ry, 8' iil-~t :rnliii~ has been cut irc'Iy' ('\3 1q1 I i'rn toi 1133s,' sectioins of the( iate ini wic itli lari:31 13!Th3._ e. il summel(ir mil3. 13111r'3[li 3 Deemii, I:. dence has extendied the, 3!i 3o1 33 i 3333'. l's we,* hopeui, t hat al derp110 .ii.I di ii't i333l3'5r.3:i of Bratl ittuile to lthe (Giver ,'f all ro'li a. ;l! reaihv beeni inimiq e311 thei l3113133 tai331. Whle the earth hias V'131do in a:3133331:t increaise, our chil n'3rce i. iaidilv.l~i i n'~ _-:3 manufactures and thei 1iie13:111 :arts Na:ve' of sciece ;iad13e3rnin(g h:!. b'een ien:::"o the credit of the St;31n is (3Ilsh3:3I~ell, I:lVh. spitrit of tilt''peii'e, loig u:'J:rt'.,'- Ian(1s5assi3'3l1ttiv 1 :1:113 \\11-1 quickly be( exc''iI 133 its 11I131 e c',3r'r"!'\-, it 'v. cry cau~se of 3li5cii3 ('33 fr(om( e113i3313 5 3 33' were IleriiI:3lii iv iellnivi-'. 1 hrrcvi11i 1 ran'nit Pertrn ll 3S, 13' ':35s of thne Stales 33f Viir..-ri 13, \''rth.('ani;iaad1isui nlt et~tin :333:3 1<" rv in the territories o3f 1133! V'nit31 i ' Tile Ollinlli iii ' f 11 1nt~ 3'r33!3(a (t111e(3' *'rave matter at issue Iris bee'n :o i1'I'''ek' 1'. pressedl, t hat, atI its hList s, Ii' 3, 1h( 1i'I.1' al tiire tllli)1ii33315I dtecla:red i. the3 I13 1i~ it5 r pafssed(, ndli t111 the, ( ''no r3I A5ssP333!33, rep-( resentin~g th( IecliNgs o31 the ,ta3l', \v,35 pared toc-prt ihIo-it' tts 11n resistinlg the aplicauion)1 of1 the3 prir:(3'p1 ofthe W u 'ilot Piso~33 Ito th In' rr::33r\' :33qIner ecl fron Nlxi at a3(; and' ci 'rv' II:tz:3 i'1 At a (.eoia3111 toll :1:s( of I )elu'ira:l s 31 f Ile Comiiiiittee (of Sliply, hold3 aut tis Ins r. l luau'v, it 1'flnn , 333333333 3 1 11 Iilr- I-'.n',v'd (133.t in the evenit ofI 1tle 1.53 'of3 il(! \1 333331 P~roviso, or aniy c'tnlii-:11e31 I:'slr' 1" ernor lie re':!1c13 te3d to3 :"o:- n the I .' s~.! :33': it lint it sess: 331, "i3t3 31311ii'11 smile:3inth Iiieastlre o redre '.." Conll3urinicr ini th liP lfo I04 li33(13 ttter litil 1t of further 1rri3133':, I $13a:l 3333 attl'33(t 1.i dlemnistraute the t:iIlse 1(33.1 itt('( lu)33 1330 byv ouir ata~ti iiss, lilt,) 1133! dlan;z'e', 133 1h Ii"I(1 ( antll t113 1335P1 es, h\" Ihiir i33'''33a."! tir-- r'r' ilg ill ilaili:11:1311 it. 1133l' 3 (333'13(3i '':3 it\'a of thie ('33n311 131P31t 133r'1'-l1r3s tit' 133351 111 wVou~ld prop1:1131V, it n333 ce3rta1inly, 1.-11t3 in ise53 vering- the3 p i ical ties litll it, 13:3333 u., but wh'Iich,, in s11lll 33 3'e3, \well~o is Ita' el verve thte ele'vated3 i333313r".: fo3 \%I( Iti,3'' were desigrne. Areaidy it is Iknow,, i i:'1: ill'' 1,-:! '' - r of Virginia, Ml.i-si13;i :nd 1-33tl ('r,:! thle I(lrl1l('r byi a1111~11 '' ! 3 l:aw, ;1331 !I" is1'" jOnobellir'ilcN'( t3lep '.AI 3\"r) i I('3r'''. 3! i", announceid, 1lhat siti,-!3'I ''333: It.' 31'! 3.3 ed ill thne lPr.5I:o 33( \t(3:('3.: '', ! I":! Speocific Ilit o3f :33-1:33, Ow3 1.r.! States u-ill .'C533 to :(ni3',.tlim 111' t i'r (it I'r'1. oral iru e, Iiiiii! Illtni? il 31'' '3133:,'. l p~rov'ide that it. shlli he 3-li' :!s let'! 3133 I: l!'e righti o ct r3'P133e1 and33 533' ('3c: I31. 1' 11: 1 :4 (leilli, ti n o lr of1 I 1133- e 'i liI.i . e:, is irrev'iial_.* l'd;3'iI. \,I- 1113t! ri'33je3 Ire3 1)e it131iihieC 1 ('33ieirsi3 Ili.' 3'3n33rsi' 333 r--r 3111)1s SLttes, 11avi1331 i:h I in a m 3333(!1 ty of interest~s, 01:11.331 33333, : t f'-335 1133' saute1( k'01i111.! illitil, 3 a irlit':333'r v%1%,103:, 3l;1 wouitld aroutlse' th li 3i3I33'r:3!it'333.lr'r:l'- n; fill' WAhled Uionii, 1oti lt!lI emn 113'31i1'.1'::3'!131:3!- ' wAith ti' infeirnial ri'irll:31i3:: 3o1 113' \' i1,1:, woe lc' ail birit rniV it ill tilt3-33- :':, -l replelnat wrrniin ilattac on er '' 1' 31- 33 iif $12('c2'52(4I, hI e2"12t~i it 241~rillcilI oi0 oul02r 122211lUc--ill gihe Nor'th more12 t1han2 totilti. :!()tll);I to bo(th, lI2 ' '', in I jl'441'! I tilg tilt2 and2 political; buI t t h( foirmierI 2"sl2eel14Iy, ill a~rrayi'.' I, 14411 ;:!:I list c;i p11121 fI 112225l4"2', ill X 221t22121 of1 tlt F("lleraIl tl"44221 t'((:4 V'':l2'r tiluui' lil1i 2i "i ' orI .sttiltll 241:1 X(s. if" tll1' :l,~i h.'l of" .(" soils an1d plo It'll V. ex '4'j'1i 22124 "111 "g 124 inl! re~st li.thins, their''4 ri',iIlla \ IIIX :14112 ti, It tn il ! N lh rth 2121 tl til 1"il:2'! I"(i 221.1 l shall 4'2 1,222 ' " i 214 :4"1 an (41 1.' I 12!1. . '.n y inU till'2(1 it i4-.2t Is. ;, '.\ ' . 1 \ ' I. 1 2"' 1 a I o ill' 122 2'I12'll ;1111 j4ii2I2' 12I.I':: It.l o'f''42 slav r" ria 'ts1' . It 11114' :~lt1:ir 11 a1 !a.s didl I411 j4 5,*:.'4 ow.222 5:1 '4' I. I" (""' (I f* t"ill 12:l. In! I'< !,J1!1. (;'4'.'2 1,' '2l ''2 '.'44 I114x. III1:t -II."i: a I ".' Ill' 4,:1 " 2 ' 1'4! * .'. l 2 II I :1 it1 .1 1 x:;2t '"1 Aril l ' '. 2I N!4 2 11"') 4(' 1::. . : :4111' 1.:I 1 1 ' 'I ' e" 2'2'il'', Iii Ii.' ('x. r" iii+il (tII I! i : 12.122 '121 1; , l' ' . . : .1 1 t"1 I;). 1'111, ! . 122 tilt I"" 'I ~III I:"4 I! 4' . t4 '14 ! I II: ;1r 1111.1)1'4' (("t 11 XX II112 iI 1;",!, 1(':.11 1 a 11 1 ill w it :12.I II'Y 41- "1 : 2 , 112'4 I,., 142 1 111 :1" 12: I . 1' 4i'' *1' l~ l 1 ' '1 , ': il' 121'. r'" '.. iX"'' cc'' .- in '. l!1, ' ! I "11222 ( "II: .:1'" ' i ;~211:222:I'." ""l aii i,42 'I,4 1 '4 11:11 2' 41II!1l" S'5 - 42' 42l : 1 ! 1.-:i ('1i 1241'. .2 11 212'11 hit. ii'. 1! 44 ' Ii til 14::!1. 24 2,2 I' ll II(' 1 11'( 42 I' ('442222 I;'I . 11hi'' 222t: 222 1 2 )1" 22 ' . 1 lijl] . dlI' x114':tl. 4''222 ill: 211 . *:2n l4 ':it.11-4(1 til . '" 1 ::- 2 1Jl1121'12:i 4 ,1 :1 1 112.r12 i; 1111:1"11 X'".,: 1i112thu" : 1 "" +11: 1 : It\:2 ('t 2 1 a li N II 14' :1" . 'I i 12 1: 1 .1 1 ,4' " 1"'i'' I 2i t lt 1'1I (111 '1 l11 s1,' I )'2 r " 2 14I .ii: I l it) i 12" Ill 's :'. ."'11 Ili t (4 ( 21 Ii ' ( I I' \t 111. " :222.1 ' ( ,,tit'- 4'. 1". '.2114 Ili. 1 22 11 1t . 21114". 222'" .: 1 '22"it ln I (;t ti . i I;,ra ;lth ) i :l'' a l . 1 " '4 l -: . " 's '1: til " " il. i" ~'C 1( i !tl (* , ill 2l' I. 1 ! 'O " ,N 1 14lln~ ' ('1" l ;1 1.1 i :41 1 f), Il l I : a i ; 'l .1, *ltt l ' 1'.'.4n \lbI h " I''t . ( ' 1I':a 111 1: ; It1S " Sl)'! (: I' l,' (" 1 "\ " 114 1', 111:,:1 III 2 ' 1p :I , '"'MVI ilt tit I. 1! i l :l: * 1.1 I: . l4: . f : ; 1 ( ii.74 , !,:: p i t, 21 '<I, t 1 ' !Lt .1 4- .2 .1:t I:"1', 22 I: l' ' ' I:. 1 '. . i i I 1, 11, :11 .11 i -; "1\" iii. ill '4 'ill'. !' 1 41214 11.2 ' t'1.1'. 'IIIl IiIX'.2. 1"' V it 4 .I l ' 1 I Ii i s . .:." t' \\.141 1'.. ,. 1 ;.. ;. t 2 1i d ] ":1., " 4244" 1. . . ...: I. , ' 1 1 '.2 1 1 41 1.1I .t:- Ill( : I:!" I .... ..'1 11 ": .I2 11. '1 41114P" II. 12.', -. ll .-' 1 ."1\. ' ,; 1 "'',. '4" "''4 ] I1:. 1. 224 ;! l1 i ll i'" 1 1 2 1i." -: ; .1' " ." 121241. '4 . 1 2lt ' ' Xi.. . .,1 i .. ' ,.II l.22 :';. , ill]. l ,4t' !411, . 1 4 . , t' ; . :1 ... I.2 ., 4212' 1'.41+' 44 . 11 1. X I :!."'' ".1 !14 r '' \" (4,: -.t ' '; i'2. 4' 2.! *. 4 4.1 ( 22' till X .. .I'I. 11'" :l i' ( 4111it. ,11 (,: .I'.," 1." ' . '.4 , ' '11 . (11 I, II \ .'1.' .II 224 !22 . 41' I l iii' 22." ',." : Ih'. It t 1 , I 1 \t 11! 1' 411:1 .I a 4a;! 22 li.' l l.i'. 2 I ,' s . 'Ii 22'1! 2 1l:11:,111 1, 2222.,. i" (i " 4 ~ ' ,' 2! 2 4 41 I1 ' te-d. ''ll(! itW' of SL'VC 'ii of (lic Sout he"ro 1:i0es, jprohi hit jog thle ingress of colored co',i siiand stewan r- into their brdrs.r, fire tinl hac' 'd inl I li samc (2;it(gloXy. Ihe r'ight or the Staites9 to resort to revetie legisiat ion, in cases in vol ving ieMco it of' heal th, i., and property. hasi been re 4'iii4(It ~n. hit .S4.. oh* 1 '2:3 snistuinzil thn' law'. of No~Erth C.aroa'di; :urilist thle ad~ilis. sion of' fr ppe, 'itns of coloi' fromo thei W~est I icis. The~ t at '01 na(ctets oil pe'ace 14114 secityV of a cotu1iiiitgiity' 14'' that, in ev''rv, instance', hE4a2s4' inlti''t .11141 co40sjilI('tiolis of, 4EiilVel'n e h~u )ilt-t I'hlt tol proliiltit theP '2iil',i41i ofiil(''12 *'irss. is l1int a4 i. I'ai)'4l 11'.i'r; that the firs.t .\ rli('2. o4f, i,' 1i1144)I Il, ill,, (of the.' ('oi ti. h' Eln jtllts it 144t' 'l the ii' n e4 lE.tl'i)(: of4 ha Ilv. tEE le'i. iI:t''4u the tllanter; tha t, ('V.'lrlty it i;non'te 1r e'4'4oh S'.itli, at leas!, cid il.''4er cu r.:'. zit ('t iii i ou I h It!( t') h': 2 ':i''.,rl1' 4)44 l 41? ~Iilly hl :l to absti:lili fr -,i allI ''cuatr24 ''E'i lE'.I"4iatji, haft1 toE ?Tr:1n: if. f'ecti.e' i'dtl -1 (''I'aiii (Il-s_". to arty\ 1)(')22. h44'i I& the I T04) he od hi raitinga of the4 1. 41iiiE'i emi:Itiatqs frou Itie c nstit'ti2'n 24 of tt, i' ; I plat', Ma iiir .11') lhui i J 11 '';1 r 11) (')trill ri'iifiilvy 410111 or tllhf'. j '4'e(2 E))1'nIir that 2Hie' ('inl'ilaij'Jl 411 0tH' limits (4f ilnie i ' 1,1V 1)i 11u 2'S. h' (1(4'l11 11(1 jEin~ali's, iiiiil tliat the 4'4x2'.2i14, '.is h(" sEo Il24li~i4', as5 ('t1''ctI;iliy 1 4"Vu t 4242SS:i'4,. ill 1114! ha'1te, 14''S4.i1:l 4.'f*ii's. E~r i402iihi'jria .)Il of' Ill." il"jt. ftromt r"1: f ;lss ii.t 1''2Li the' :Inlil, thei 21C('002141iilI. Olu'it of, t!ir iii';ai iu. sdhlr'il('i 21:1:1I' 54 'Eil s. ini :n":. Inai211.ra:4 .\4!Ehre.' I tiIree:t.'d veur I:11 :c':1t1 .11 Iti ll( h t' i' "Ea I I 442 '4liE':'i4 w' i ll I ''.i:' - ,(r. :\hi,.. 'i '.')i!125 : l h141'i wich l'.'''1 Ive I.E'4'i 5.0; h-le !(I l..r i!,' IEE'bn'r it l' i? aI :4. 'i' 24')(i('1E2. 1.1'2 2Ii - I !r''' 2: .'in (! 4i2'222 4.' mill 1:2. hira:Ie')2?11 zh:'I,.1l:4 "!( lgc ' ait (ofIf 422"'\' i 1)42.- ;.'t"1 ' ''; h E~'rli 1 14' '21'' :IIE t I'1"i'I iii powe :21''I 44222'4' 1'4 l ' \' EI.2 1.1 t! 1 , I 5 'l ' I11' h2 l .'. I:' l ' -4 II'~ i'''l':1'1',liI 1t ill '4.n liE1! tit!4''22 ti"' '4 '''''4'. 4 1 n.* The 2u I1.' '2.:' ' E I( . l'. , .,'I ' ' 1i i l " : ,t . , 4 r l" I Iii 1. : - "!!1 '. ' 1 442 i ' .4.4 22,.4242 l4 ,.. '' iii . 1; ) I 1 ' !I:1 ' 1!. 4~ (4 ' '4 44 i .\ 1~ 'l 1 1 ", ,4 ' '' ,'. r,: .. i ' ti ' ' ' 4 II ? a''. .,'41" I ' - .j , if s''2 r. I ~ ~ 1 1,4'. ' . . : ' . 4: . ti''' ;;1''1 .:1 i'. ' .' ..1 4.2")e : ,'1!.24 Ii 1It .1' 1 i' :( 1 ' 1 :. '' .1,, '' ) . ' ,i' lit :.14 21'' 1'r~ 1 I , "'~ ^. 'I . 1 ' , 1 ijI' 1'.,:1 11 4 2'. 4.lt' t" 1l1'! 4 24' u- I',i''" _"! ': x . ':, '.' 444 it till'4 EE I!I 441124 i '-4 2' ' r ll 4 .. 2 11:1 12"ll t . !i ' ,! ( ': 4.2''4:1'.1 '/ , '' :I :'III, :114 1 2:.'' - 2..' d2 w-22''' ''2'444 4 4. %%-sil ait vie'w II) dissipate exisitintg errors, anid peirhastoSI( reconle I ioiiilicti hg c,1pptppiptp. I r'ro~itpppiuind thai~t. asitale tttii'viiltal lie scec I rd tio tsrerrt toii, by~ pi~rri ii I ubserv~ationi, thle mod)eI' ii tit ite' ion; Ithe hooiks9 t :uglt; the ca !Iv~t aid generail fitnesps ill the l eachlers; whii'i Iwr Ihi' stems repeJiict iely received by t he I )i't ruts aintd P a risihes~ are adequate tio heir ~ai)Is andi the rei'aar sutppily of qluali tied~ inrlls rini"s, in in(!u to l'ee anid report the pram? i'a I i ipirat mll of the piresent system; ianid tip sli:i'.t' itiica imiproveimeints :is lie ipilirhit ihi'eti 1 ;ihu:Iii. Ill this wayt~. more light, it is ;t"ini~ihiii', will lie shell oilI thep sutl~jiec in two v'eirs--thist ititre to wvhich the atreipt shouphld bet tliiit'il.--t eit IlII' repiorts ofi the ( oitission er=- haco it hipiusliitl site the or:inz;Ltou otf Ili,- seli pile for piqiulair ilns!ruttitio. A_ iisilitl trcri,ari to thle twiitter tinder c~nit'~foiii I atpp ciipltraiteil to) state, fliat -iat!' ! letrr woirk~s :i"(' !yre;itI wVant 1'':d i, l', '11'" 1h- i~rt' of 'tw l, Iii r" s s tie thp'' ihpi i.-iijh;, oif th u i:il; iprriniver, tl'' h,rrihlnritis ;ni e'rihalv P triateil 1(o iouit e'rii I '" 'Tiere t l iipiv ini winch the of? lai:lit it-ni. fit itun' ltirl, is ion nt~il tip? iip>, +ii.rit lv or indiire tly C'x pess'I, is hie this Iota is at I r;i;ttli I h t'ii;rafteil o tiltht li ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ i :llii.. 1s il~ tnl I' i tin ' i ~l'i ilp of ti n ov iIi iiti i t in 'i'i i; 1: !1t vh'p 'Ii' N. li iit ' "i'lto:of Ii':( 'i~i n t i .pi 'r'. I 'itteili.iulv, a Schpioa .iii:r rrt ihr puic~ siiirii:ipt c':l(1 ii : 1)(' isi i'lilI~t : 'p tii~al1rsl tltr o sp'V\ AD (2"i'yre &LenIrtieare !h!(uni gii 'r I Vll is itdin .111t ii u .d r 'Ihr uitI): itt ;tiu ( *i'i!, a S;o'iztr itlriecti iot r: 1l-t li'i r , : i ht !'' r iiii- ? iir ioit !eie I. i N.'. \Iii!rtx A!,11:1 ,tptIi-vrip:ne, tit-i1? IsL waer 'to i'' w;s :i'2tit-( ..as nd thec work vi i ji.i- en \\r'r'-iets hrr:raie Irtt~ ~ ~~ti en'p:,ii-h'1r :td'nedl thi' too=tu i t I 1 *,. lii .' I2tteit ,iir~lv~ hi the ' ?:~t !h hl~ t: :,i1 lr tatie ' ii oir ;iits i po r--: !-I i t o~"1 fu 'Lr rr ':u isil i tip the'i-'v (itilth iv '\ill crac~ao Miitii ch eile cii \\':111:2,i-' - sil pi a wll cit ' it id to the a lilt i lri ii' - ! u -ri' :!-e t tit it s i atel r .i iii is thi p~ i''!: of retion,- sid' ive to ir dldii eItas tof !I1 ' :' l Xt1 "121 U I.'ll tr 1e , iii .wihi l'i !::'-l~ i:- t in i.-ni t 'he i o sll~ t hiiiols. ra :iIn !u il iu c f t to i thip tale he .r le. A! th i'i'i-y c I i t !p p i 'lti -' 'i tut. w it) requir e rit itl p :.It~'''i i t ti Il' oil pitvr, tolniy th t :1)II i~t ii t~it-h'ire t thane t c-np-fu 11: -4I t l '-11:11- it V irii' hiiii-t \i r ar 1' ' Ii n:.1' : 1 i .! r I!, ;i }. ;iilh:ts it 1-:1tiP tt:u "t1 t I1 V ii i? ll' tilt an ~ ll i s first to $'200( each, but by the Act of '2.' in creased to $10,0(H1i, the 7thi section of the or iginial liw prescribed r4houl ie distribute(I in proportionate amiounts the elcition di-tricts. 'this provision, 1 believe, has never been ear ried into ell'ect. Its execution, if rcquired at the time, was soon rendered unreCssary, as it is weil known, that our aricultu ral popula tion recovered front the conserptences o1 the sudden revulsion in t heir condition, at an earl, period subseriiient to Ii( war. In 1,4:10, the capital of the llank was pleig el for the redemnption of thie public debt. This was done to meet the expenses conse qruent on the establishinent of a system of in ternal improvemnenit, then cotmtniced by the State. The immediate ellect was to (onvrt. the Blank, for many years prac!tially only :i loan olice, into an Ilist itutioin to he conducted on purely commnercial principles, By the usual a'commodilation on londs, it inrrred emlba ras-uents and ha-izardis, and the oper:i tni was tio slow to attain tilie (nd, which, hv a virtual rnochilien:tion of the prira-ipl, if not exctusive desigin of the original act, it was henceforth to tultil. in 1ism, it was dermneil "exped:ent and hen etiiia!, both to its citizens antd the SI Ue, to re-ch.arter the lI:nk." It ntow het:omes the s le in.r duty of the I ntislature to inliire. w-etlr hr its existemce shrill ie prolongetl le yond tihe year '56, to which by l.iw it is 1ani. tid. Ohi this subject a gr'at diversity of oplinion his f.or mnany ;oars been en:tert:linel. Thel public road sveen at long thl to haveyr been: brouhtli to the (' l iltsn, tlh:i; til' l3 mk ha:is not aicrronipiished the high purilp.es fr whih it was created; tint it is dlang1erous; ants-re iuheian in its character aid tendene; :auld that the evils inevitably ar:sll fr:n tlie eo: nochlont betw3een2. a iinon eni ':c erpor:it 1n2 ailn thae State, increase ani ranif,. the lon'g'r the rights and privileges of the forager are c-; :iitelet. The res ol: ns ol r last s'sin, adopted by very decidi''l ::yfrities, au-l the' aei'422escec(' f the Io''2p!e in th1!' deren.,; of their rulers, woubl snut to have iitli settled the iluestion if a re-clarter, aiiI that necessarily all iiinrir ::red ~lditr l issues have been absorIutnl by it. The political istory fit S. Cairtina is to loni presented the an:alons :pectacle of its constituted authritie:s perti icioi1y uihi l inr a State Corporatio:t, while it d oi, .-ed riiy un22 :in betweeni a 111tk alit! ed l'i !'ral (G vernmnent. To.' it is obv:o:i t iiat. except the ncil('oit-utill-ity of an1t I ,lte.l Sates 1ank and its pos eis1sion of a wider tichi of operations. every ar.!iuiient vlii-hb might he wiehded again-t it, wvouil fall w-ithl e ual if not greater force ariinst a State lank, IFroin experiene mioreover we learns, that tli estabhishinent of suc-h anl Ini-titultion, posses Sinll the ri'rlbt of it-11)51tuti ng aT i fictitiiis cir rency for lh nn tii:he value of the products of labor, is not easily dive tel of its establish eil :iiilirity. 13y the influence it insensibly aenfpire,, it roe:!-urably per~petuates- its owvn e-.stenice. The fatal blow to the Federal. Ii iank wis ;riven by the .,ecut i to the exer c''se t an unwarrantable power. I invoke the .e is4 atu, i' then, to profit hy the ailunitions wh:(h the Inst has wr:tt(' n on the I'' "-':tive il-iiry of u rui con:ry. I also desiri', in ib:s place, to express 2ny set:ld c nt' V on. that the Ilink ii the State w as f1-.ded on : :0 pernicio ts principle: thi t to rai nt to thi inode nr of a cr'li i tin' annoes it hI'iri'.' d.vot1 ed It) rural p-rsuti nt- in i 1 u: r .arib i r CO i nt i nt ii g in n y i( t , l et up n th rn and the"r pos=t"ri-y an unmlnn1i. ed". evil: thati t nire nulIll :rt a :12 :, d ~ t iirub ilm .t' u Iin thle w:Iv 10o' iv il ani vcc-mmtritin by thit ("ir , tht: ;rre:0 r ther en tmet, and the rotre Iertan i the u icc itheir vo. cation. \\he nevaer the agriclitr: t s bilti t: s liliil.tion ifor t ie' lt i t rie:ustrs, brs ps-il rt u y ci n brllilht fori ti ..22:,h.,n, but the liy o i ness ai dr :trsil in Ila t t:ina .inr at pIX irI wha,1!l:r u1, th Ii t::k, I iei.i r s-' n ld ;t-In re y i th - -ii iiiih i 1n , te t h 1:1 t rceived t rIay nI Is't itin-tic wix:t h. ia tr in li 2 that i It:t i 22stun i the rn essity tar yiu: r ' ac r tiin:1 t 1 2tIn it, I hav i lr'sI infleni2 tu l c'd solely by a 11: seso t oitlici:dl dilly. It is prp i r ho11h' inforlr vo , t lt at 'iM ssrl . (lr i 2, licothers i& Co., of lI ,':lbot h:n e l l pr..li ti a rn 11t 2 s it t he. I. . .i i.., n th p ullt i th t t~iI ir.-tiutio Ilf~s tovehitiiv, into the condition of the Indians, and report to him." In conforming to the spirit of the res ilut on, I nominated live Commissioners from the Districts of York and Lancaster, to meet me, with as many of the Catawhas as could be asseibled, in the vicinity of Nation Ford, on the twenty-third day of July. \t that meeting full and satisfactory answers were obtained on mnny material points. Subse. uiently, I proposed a eeries of questions to the Connisoioners to elicit a written rep.,. At the same time, It. S. Massey, of Lancas ter, was dispatched to IIaywood co., North. Cariolina, for a purpose conneCted with the' til object to le accomplished. Copies of the papers. disclosin'r the result of ily inves tigations, I now forward. The Iwo imcportan ot que'stions involved in; the general inquiry, have reference, the one the proprietors of the Indian boundary; the other, to the Catahaw tribe. Thirty-seven years a! o, the Catawba coon ty, einbracing an area of fificen iniles 5luare, way ur5 ro cipr ted in the I -gislatunre. The ieinher electe-l in i110, beinr only a lease holler. was dec bred ineligible to a seat. The law of 1l', coeisittiting a lease for three lhves, or ntinotv-nine 'ears, a quaillication S;ivalent to a trechoiil, placed the people of that region, in relation to representation, on a foe npi with the rest of their-fellow-citizens. ,it .e At i --i.l in December, 183S, the re ver.mnry rit: to the land!,, which thereafter ui e're 'o "ie cn:-d:cl:reil and adjudged real es t'te"," way tratiferred from the State to those v ho ou, niel tle: "as lesses froin the Catawba Imil:mn."'' Ia 1-4 1t, an agrecient. was con cliced1 with the Inlians hv which they con. !racted to cede their interest in their lands fir twv'ntv-cne tlousanl dollars. To he re :tinalel for this expenliture, the Iegislature i:msed a tax of tine and a half cents on every acre within tie Catatwha limits. The present asses.ed rates is one-half a cent on an acre. Hy the Act of thn. year, "to carry into effect the late a reement between the Catawba In di:ms andi the ('oitonissioners on the part of Ii. .';ate," Sint -i rolila succeeded "to the right, title. and interest, heretofore vested in the C (atawcha Indians, for the purpose of taxa tin andof issuinr grants to the respective les ses thereol." ''he 7th section declares, that the leses who had executed bonds, as en join. ed by a previous Act, were required to pay into the ''reasurv the anial sums stipulated, tantil they shouhI accede to the terms "of this Aci, r unt il the expiration of the term of their leases; at either of whit periods, they shall be entitled to grants for their respective liucseiiold possessiins." By the 5th sectiotn, it appears that the sum of 87(110(0 was set apart to pure lcase land, anl for "the establish nent and outlit of the Indians." Under this provision no action was taken, as neither the iion'ey Ior the object were named in the Ap propriat ion Act of l hat year. In 1811, 825K) wya. appropriated for that purpose. At that itine the Agrent Ihad conditionally hargained for a Iract of land in Yor: District, containing .itH acres, at. S 1 per acre. As it was subse quently ascertained that no better arrange ient enu ldi be male, the contract was conclu ded. ''h:s brief histcery shows, that the inhabi ta1nts of tle Inha:t territory occupv an anomi ius osi:ifn, in which the government shic eill no inetrcr eonin;cel thiecn to acquiesce. t' hci.( :irluna did uni, lr the treaty of 18410, I uv the Catcwh land:s. The fee simple from t1h tirit se:'tle:nent of the country had been vest el in, her, a c orlingr to the legal doctrine a! to hotlian lands within the boundary of the Ircita:cl thirteen States; nor did she purchase the usufruet of the Indians; for the State had, two years previously, conveyed it to the lcs sess, wio then lidcla rigrht to their posses. s:ein for n.nety-nine years, with the privil e_.e of rtetnewing their leises. It is true that by the itmocrpnsition of the supre;ie authori tis nIi unc'rtain tenure has been converted it,' :I sure :ml permoanent one. For this jn.,t exercisec of power, the proprietors have returned an "lu'iite eipiivalent. In conti dent :nit triation of speedy relief from their they settled ::::l reduced a wi!derness to the dl'iinin of the plougih. Where beasts of prey und strced'y roamed, a hardy highly inr:elliereit, and dense population are now to bce foun 1i. Wi'th ani accuraite perception of heir rirhts, al Iobl !iation15, t hey feel that they di nto noct staci on the Sattie tirni and ':'livcedlc~ rond wv.th the cither imembilers ot' h<r p1 htie'il f:rni y. Th le high p~rerogaitive celi iah'y, by persat:meeC, in an inlvidious dis.. i'riciiui-tioec, is practiec'iy deiiiedl thiem. They", doi ntie ecomphnei oft tihe peculniary bar.. cih-ia~ ulieh thiey are tiiadc toc bear, but that iii-nc.t c n siubtanitcuily proclaims themc as in t hec e'njoymenct of a bemiecit, obtaitned genier.. al ly weihout full coists, andic, in mnany cases, unworthIily, if tnot fraudu iileiit y. It may safe. ly bie afiirciwdi thact fouer-titnhs of the farmnersc :ee 3inlcossc'.s aiti of thiir e-,tates by purc'hase tccr an moph-c coniisidlhrtioni. F~or a large pro po rt iion 3t thir I" ssessions, the real worthI was pcaul heitore lie existence of the treatv. The in'umboider w ho lintl lby iinheritance, and u h, mo re Ily, it not legally, should he con sib-red asi purcn'hasers, is comiparativehv very~ huuitccd. lin deispite, then. oif this dlechied ev. idecei cf right ownership, the L~egislature has subc i'ted ill thle piroprieti rs to an annn Icl chai:rgie ucpcn t heir lanids, wichl I hold to le iucnequl and unijusct, andui probilably. unconm st it tiah unequacl, in referetice to rent anid taixes: iunjust, htcau':ise the pcor land pays 100c ihanl i thce rwhl; unicostitultional, for tIhe reccieoi that it aiiiuls wridten conitracts. lie 11ubl1ic spirited anid itidutstrious c iti zeii whoi norw h-ii s from that interesting di vs clito Souit t'a Xrolinma,*had been pirev'ented by'tet iconsdraitioncs ocf insecurity of title from conistitutmcg it his home, t he result woulId have bceeni a loss to the State oif over three thounsui d tartmers, aill the aidvantages flowinog frcin the'ir agriculmtural enterprise, the labor of a la rge blac k ippulationi, and a v'ery cni. sidlerable revenue d erivedl from the tax on slaves. T'c contst rain hiimi, therefore, to re.. miiiit ini his piresenit unisat isfalctory sitution i a, wvoibl be miifitestly inileleienit and impiloli tie. liarriers which creat e avoidable dist inc( tion5, speii'ally3 in relation to pecun iir3' hnr. dleni, oucght not to lie allowed in a repulicm; btriciroc ancy cauis', piermiittedI, thev shoull iei, 'ly so loncg ase the' plic~ inieri'st im nrulydiimmdi. At tis pericd, tooe, ot a,'i'ttl v :ni a1-: os w e M .;.,:.n,.i l ,..:..i