Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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action. Invited, as the members of that con. Vention were, from every portion of the Un, ion, the sphere of operation was far too ea tensve for wise and cautious deliberation an decision. 'here were too many interes' in Volved. It general propositions only are tt lf laid down in such a convention, the object Is not worth the' effort; for, in the divide state of the public mind upori the question Whatever platform might be adopted, the opinion of parties, and generally of individual tvbnld remain the same. If a general plan of operations is to be pro posed and pressed upon Congress, the objec tions are palpable and grave. The members are under little responsibility; and as eacl section of the country will have its own ob jects to attain, these must be attained b concession to the objects of others, ant the result will furnish evidence of a mutua spirit of accommodationjrather thana cautiou regard for the general interest. Such an as semblage is a very different thing from th attempt to concentrate opinion and action ir favor of any improvement affecting a particu Jar portion of the Union, where there is Community of information and interest, ant where there is no weighing of one projec agaist, another, nor any sacrifices to insun the desired result. And I am fully confirmed in my previous anticipations concerning the Chicago Conven tion. I imagine the first man is yet to b found who will venture to say that any ad vantage has resulted from its labors. But I had yet another reason for declining toattend that convention. I did not like its or igin. The earliest notice of it. which I sai' was connected with the names of some well. known whigs, prominent politicians of the cit of New York; and I believed, and I have yel no reason to doubt, that one great object was to injure the democratic party by taking ad. vantage of the excitement which prevailed n certain portions of the country in consequence of the failure of two successive internal im. provement hills. And I have since under, stood, though I cannot vouch for the fact, that such was the actual intention, and that the proceedings of the convention would have assumed a party character, and been direc. ted to this object, had not the design heer frustrated by the firmness of the democratic members. Now Mr. Greeley will understand why I did not attend this convention. But I cannot understand why he seeks my opinions on this question in my letter, which is wholly silent on the subject, and not in my speeches and votes in the Senate of the United States. Eminent whig politicians whom I coul name, but that it would be invidious to doso, were invited to attend the Chicago Conven. tion, but neither answered nor attended. I thought it due to the gentleman who invited me to acknowledge his attention, and did so. And this act of courtesy, which constitutes the only difference between myself and oth. ers, has been made the text book whence my opinions are to be deduced, and by which my inconsistency is to he proved. On the qses tion of the United States over the subject of internal improvements, my sentiments are in accordance with those of the great democrat ic party, and are fully expressed in the reso lutions of the Baltimore Convention. In the words of one of these resolutions, I believe "that the constitution does not confer on the general government the power to commence and carry on a general system of internal im provement," and no man living has the right to gainsay this assertion But at the samc time I have never disputed the right of Con gress to improve some of the great harbors and rivers and lakes of the Union, national in their character, and important to the com merce, and some of them to the defence of our country. While the democratic party deny the power to devise and carry on a vast system of operations-whose pecuniary ex tent no mnan can foresee, and what is still worse, whose corrupting influence, as well in the Legislature as out of it, cannot he viewed but with the most serious applrehen sion-the great majority of that p arty, in. deed nearly all of it, has advocated particu Jar appropriations justified by the circumstan ces of positton and importance. Almost at the same time that I declared mny adhersion to the resolutions of the Baltimore Convention. I voted with equal good faith for hills in the Senate providling for the imaprovemient of riv ers and harbors and lakes, and advocated their passage in moy seat; and this is precisely the reason why I accuse nmany of the whuin papers and politicians .of disingenutousness, or something worse, in asserting that nm Chicago letter, which contained not a wordh on the subject, was proof of mny hostility to all the action of Congress, in the very face of my official course and of my puiblicly-declar ed opinions. And my position was that of most of the prominent men of our party, who while they held to the doctrines of the reso lutions, held likewise to the p)ower of sp~ecial legislation, and voted for the same bills.I do not know, indeed, that there is a sinagle senator who denies to Congress all power to legislate over this matter. Certainly Mr. Calhoun does not, who adopts the whiolesomec doctrine of strict construction. I amt awarc it is difficult to draw a practical line at all times between objects that ought and t hat ought not to engage the attention of Con. gress; and I think therefore, look ing to the abuse to which the -whole subject is liable, that the effort should be to narrow, and not to enlarge, the circle of power; and such I understanid to be the viewvs of thme democratic party. The other proof of insincerity, as I have already stated, is drawn the fact that in, mjy letter to Mr. Nicholson I took ground against the Wilmot Proviso, excluditng slavery, by law fronm the territories, and now believe that slavery, with or wvithmout that restriction, ii not be established there. And the wonder s gravely expressed how I could write that letter and the letter of three lines to the Chicago Convention, and yet claim the char. acter of an honest man. It is a much, gravea wonder tome, how intelligenit editors of pub.. hec papers, whose influence on p~ublic opinion is so great, should venture thus to de al ever wvith a political opponent, in utter disregard of his true position. It will inot surprise you but it will many who have viewed my course only an a party aspect, to be told that in that very letter to Mr. Nicholson I expressly sta ted my opinion to be that slavery would nev er extend to Califorania or New Mexico; and that "the inhabit ants of those regions, wheth, er they depend on their ploughs, or thecir herds, cannot bo slavehtolders." I qutoted with full approb~ation the opinions of Mr. Iluch. annan and of Mr. Walker, the former 01 whom says: "It is mortally impossible, there. fore, ,that, majority of the emigrants to that portion of the territory south of 36 301 will ever re-establish slavery wvithin its limits." Mr. Walker mlaintains that "beyond the Rior del Norte slavery wvill not pass, not only be cause it is forbidden by lawv, but becaus'e the of ten to one over the whited; and holding, ;.s they do, the govornnent and most oflices in their possession. they will not permit the en I slavement of arty portion of the colored race, - which makes and executes the laws of the country." And to these remarks I add: The t que tion, it will therefore be seen on exatnin I ation, does not regard the exclusion of slavety from a legion where it ntow exitls, but a pro hibition against its introduction where it does not exist, and where, from the feelings of the inhabitants, and the laws of nature "it is mor - ally impossible, as Mr. Buchanan says, "that - it can ever re-establish itself." I have never I uttered to a human being a sentiment in op t position to these views. And subsequent - events, the events indeed of every day, con firm their justice; and render it imiipossible I that slavery should be re-established in the region ceded to us by Mexico. Sucih is the general opinion in the non.slaveloldingstates, among those who are most attached to the compromises of the constitntion, and most de termined to maintain them. And I do not - doubt but there are many persons in the Sout h. ern States who resist the Wilmot l'roviso I with all their power, as oflensive to the feel t ings, and injurious to the rights of the .louth, but who still believe it is a question rather of principle than of action, and that circnnstauc es an exclusion which Congress has no right to pronounce. In the view here taken, the ellhrt to engraft the Wihnot Proviso upon an act of Congress, even if Congress, had the requisite power, is a useless attempt to direct the legislation of the country to an object which would be just as certainly without it if Congress have not, the power, as I believe they have not, in coin mon with a large portion of the people, it be conies worse tlian useless, by becoming unii oonstitutional. And in addition to this, it is peculiarly olfensive to one-half of the States cf the Union, who see in it. an attempt to cir cumscribe their rights, and to mortify their pride of character. No timan can look at the signs of the times without being satisficd that the prosecution of this question is producing the worst state of feeling; and though I trust that happen what may our southern bret bren will still cling to the Union, equally their ark of safety and oars, still there are evils short of a separation which every good citir.en should seek to avoid. lie should seek to avoii all occasions of untriendly feelings: to avoid as far as may be the agitations of questions ios tile to the sent iments or interests of diffirent sections of the country, and thus temlinr to array one of them against another. 'T'here is enough passing in the Old World-ani if there were were not, there is enough passimg around us-to teach us the inestiinable value of our institutions, and that these ought not to be hazarded by an internal dissensions, as un necessary in their origin as they are perten tons in their consequences. So much for the expediency of urging a measure thus advocated and opposed. But i beyond thiis quest ion is a still nore impiortanlt one in a constituitionmal goverunent, and that is tie power of Congress to legislhte over the subject; an'l this tiust be settled affirmatively before the propriety of legislative action can be considered. I amt not going over this ground at present. I have already touched iupon it in miy letter to Mlr. Nicholson, and I shall probably have an opportniity of expres sing riy sentiients m- re at the next session t if Congress. I shall content nyself with presenting a few general remarks here, as the subject. lies in my way. There is one important consider ation which meets us at the very threshold of this inquiry: there is no express power in Congress to legislate over the territories to be found in the constitution ; for I believe it is nw gnerllyconede-asindeed it must neifu dues and regition,,s jb he tiritor Iamdl other propert.y <f The I ruite~d NtateIs con~ tains no grain,. of po'litoia power oiver personss upon such property either withliii or with~ umt thme respect ivc S:a'es. Anmd if it doues ini thm one, it muist in the other ; for u hese wordts are equally aplhicabmle to the territory, uanel other P' oPerfy ol the United States, wherever situ ated. But there are some five or six piroivs ions in the the constitution whence thme pow.. er is sought to be dleduced--somie persons derivinig at from one clause, and sonie from aiiothier ; while each is miore fortunaite in shwn whr it doeis tnot, tinn wh~ere it does exist. Th'le exercise oft a great poitnil power like this by a legislature, ideriviing its eXistenmce froxix a writ ten iiistroiiienit, ought notto depeixd on such loose constriuctions. Nothxiigs hows the wvel l-groiinided idoub lt s re specting this powver bettcr thanu theii very un certainty in whlichx we are iinvolveid ini tiw eni deavor to imaiintain it by an ex press conisi itu tional granit. And no wonder that now, wheiin peculiar circumistances brinig this question more forciibly t han ever befo re the conunt rv, thme trume fouindaxtioni of the power shotld lie severely inivestigatedl. Those wvho ma~itain the right of Congress to paxss the Wihiiot l'rovisii, imutst miainti;mun not only the right of t hat bod sy to estalishi governmients, aixd to pirovidle for t he niecessi. ties of legislation over the publhIic territory. wvhich is one thiing, hut also the pow~er tio d'i rect all the internal territorial legisla'tioni at its pleasure, wi tot regardl toi the wvill of ithe people to be affected by it, which is another and quite a d ifierenit thing. I shall not en ter into any~ sudbleies touching thle c. ndit ion ofsovereignity, or the rights it brinigs with it. I'hxat subject was a goodi d ieal dleba'ed at ithe last sessioni if Conimgress ; hut it hadu been alI. readIy exhausted ini the discussionis pirevis to our revolutionary struggle. We are sov ereign), said lie liritishx governmxent to the colotues, and may legislate over youi as we please. You are soveriegn, said our fathiers, and may establish govertnmenits; but von have no right to interfere, by your legislatin, mn our internal coiicerns. Such leg islationi, withou t representation, is the very esseiice of despotism. T1hmis dispute divided otne em pire. Let xis take care that a siiliar assony-. tion of powver does not divide anxotheur. hlave Congress any~ powerCt to legislate over the territories ! I said in my letter to M~r. Nicholson, "hlow far an existing iieces sity may have operateid in producinig this leg. islation, and thius extending, by rather a yin lent inmplication, powvers not directly given, I know not. But certaini it is, that thle principle of imtrferenc-e should not lie carried beyonid the necossary imphea tion whbicIih prodluces it.'' T1hie groiud (of necessity is that upon whmich NI r. Mladisonm placedl thle act ioni of thle ohld confederat ion in passing thle oirdhinance of S787 ; anxd if I ho not inusunderstandi the. iate Mr. Justice Story, lieent ertaiiied son ilar views whxen lie si nd that acqipiria territorv "iioLst be unider thme do uiimiin amid jimurisdhetoi of thme Unmioni, or it wvould h wvit hiout anhyu gov. ernment at all.'" if to avoid t hits hatter con sequenice Congress exercise a power noi t it hi erw ise to lbe dlefended, thOat power shouhlI be litmited by the niecessity of the occaioni wvhich calls it forth. TIo preserve the peac~e of so ciety--and to this groun of s...r .., .... ,.. comne at last--tlier is no more otier that Coagress soihI conitelct the I:'gslation (f the territories tha tlat they shioulid conduct the legislatioi of Virginia or o' Alassaciu.. setts. It is enough f h:it they hiobI II organ ize governmients, and thene the nIecsity for their interfereunce reases. And the result proves this ; for the local goverinments do mtalage the internal conceris of the territori es III most case-, and wonlh as saltv in all, if not rest rained by congressional interposition ; and if Congress cant pass beyVond the po(welr to orgaize governments, they nay rule a ter ritory at their p!easure, :utd 'prostrate every barrier of treedoin. It, as I have lieretofure said, they cain rergulate the rlation :f ::nte and servant, what but their own will is to pre. Vent, theim Iroin reg"ulat ing the of her relat ions of life--tlh relation of husha:,l and wife, and of parent mid chil, and, ililieetd, all the ob jects which belog to the so:'iai -'tate! There is no niaCni who can Show t! heigltest. iecessi ty for tlis interferecfe on thie part of the gen eiii governlioint, aini there is cotsegin 'itly no man who can show that it. h's any right to i nterfere on the grouihud of its neces:sary :il tlion. The people of the territories are fully { competent to co'nduct their own ;i l'irs ; andI the very first princip!e of our social svstcm detands tht. they shonhlId be perintitt-'h to do so. "Whiclever itna he the source," says Chief .1ustice Marshall, spe;ikin doubtfuIliv of the origin of the jurisdiction, "whence 1his power Inay lie derive,!, thue pussessint of it is I unquest inable." I It is speakinii ilm pow er of government ; and no do:ilit it ins he'ln possessed ; but it betn is very important to ascertain how, and how far, (Zonitress has justly poissessel it, in order to asceirt.iin to what e.tent it nsv he ex ercis'd. lin aliost. all-I believe I inity say in all-the spteiches andl essatys in slipport of the power of ('ctm gress to leis late over -ilaverv, alter entlear.. oring vaguely to dCifur-e it ironm soruce clause or other of the cinst tilt i, the principal rel ance is at last upi tle auithority of thit few inst:imies of its exereIe to in, Iitnnl it lie statue books. A ut hority an:l precedent h:iV weight, ail ouuht it haive ;oireweifeit :inti donuuttl quest;ions but I trust there ;re nfew to be fotih who are prpiardth to shut thie colt statutiun, :i to seek in the practice of Ilie overmnit. 1lhe fouin!.: nin of i. pwer ;unt tlire ~ l?,-~l l ie.h:: a:, ji this case the" early It''leatite proc eing 'l s p:I , t- we have reason to b lie,ve, ii i i t object ion or iuiiry. Thley' comi:iieniced biy adoting iit1hie provisions of :ui rrdiiance of the oil govern. inint to the :hliiitration flue new one, and thus imiplielly re.:onrzisingi the e lusi.m: of slavery, and senit to latve gmne on si lent lv and uiniuestione:I for years. I hive not hanil tittne to look bak to ascertain th2 oils lre (ascie: but I blieeve it wili he: found tit this power las never bien exercisd where there was a uniitc:l sectiomil 01ppos: ition to it. 're cedent y itiirh iiuclh in the consideration of a douhitul qIuestion, whi're the whole situ joct hias been - itarr cnsi;d'red+, and ituan nindls lave Le'en bihait1 to heamr upon its ai justmuent. But as tIi o:itnti i:.,n of politi :.d power a practice thus intr':dued is of little vlutie', particlulry whie it coiies to inuolve t grase luestitnls ser:iusly a tlhe ;t ig tie Union. We turil then inst:intively tro:i what has loute to i:it ought t. be i'unie-fr,:u the an thority oi prec;iede... t., the authrnity t h le colsiitution. These are times whiic tiir: such questions. \\ho cai twd utr, t int ii ihe v.cs eltertain::l of t Ihi s :i~uject iy the iutli, an appe:l slitulI li, i:u ie to tie ci:itnmntl charter of the cotizi!rv, ir tint a large lorttion of our citizens shouhl lie :m isfi ed waih wi, imn sver lnt derival fronl it. 'Iii.it whit hlis Ibeen tm' t coniit an to. e 1 i. ' r. iple whichmtte los d :on iemore:tov aerpi nn to hn. e tyion poit c In s itut -~ i l ii. be dee who athflu.a- t hxLI s u be op-l etin iititeii a i Th it:r urvhe tits taio ;tl -vifo the utiew~~'ly t h- piired:itow wheretu-.itjidoe-l nt i x ie wh: t tan~n belul deni t h t thru~.lI e .!;i itt a S i n orA'i. li( cer~' taiitho it' as w:rit :wh the hIt' alil oppos' tih inthi t e Inih -tttro ud of i~' unct ostitnit'y, (n a large patio h f h. lfi it itht-le rid-' I!+ tills i n terfiilrence ofwih ltw hii itc' : I'dg 'j'hi !a o b:-ttt tf wiihich ,Itir subji:-h ttt:u len rili hi:d luncs. For two yriursu it h ii preeme - has tleft thai:n t h t >.-nn t;a d i thefae lt', earth flich wnb;ll lae r. nu ttliluch a itaut ifth Ir- .\n ht w ln. its to iet 'inht it'a aitiarnti .trrb-iini prefu tintstin h:aiunl mt thiei absencel of all~t lwli rhis talheir'v iuuud;era tirom titu tvitt d tut:0+--: dit- hulf tee ' v--th ofn Portlntingm diuhtgt -rnen t futh jwo' fl wh miuibe ic! Thii- whlitlob p ,' th litt \ 'V fllavst ithe'si Ironalf tils itm-ionit itliut' I .r it . T h e w m n el r t lr ni : I its ihttei . tuh we .! I ' tihm i-u tt. l. as iboy imst Ie It int t :r, ho e a \ioc' thar ut t diied liontr1. llr, lit' ucityl rhsult*, but ft~t dso:l chiivani'd flue uueling est freeutly iies tatl i ht k w a amleet upothe zolel d tml en' Cita<n-lal Jplydu, gti iasr ne hs TIlE SUMTER BANNER: -nttittcruille, .0. (IT. WEDiNESDAY, AUGUST 1, 1849. Ill. 111. Noals) 3Jun., (!ior. TRAVELLING AGENT. r3-Rev. FREDEareK RUusH, is a travelling Agent for this paper, and is authorized to re reive subscriptions and receipt for tne same. AGENTS FOR TIIE BANNER. Messrs. WVnirE, & Co. Sunterville, S. C. T. W. I'i4:;eEs, Esq., Camden, S. C. I3' All commtiunications intended for the lNb!atn must be directed Post Paid to the present EUIrron. Cotton. Chlarle.son.-Prices from 7 3-4 to 10 cents per pound. CA Miia:rix.-To-inorrow is the first lay, and we trust we shall see a goodly corn lany on the ground, This is a meet season for prayer, and we trust our supplications may ivcrt a visitation of the cholera. 'im: RarI:: Sr.asoy has not vet ceased -and the crops in several portions of the District will prove a failure. Some rice Xiil do well, and some plantations bid fair to te very prolilie. In the vicinity of Lodibar the rain has fallen incessantly for the last twenty lays. The stun cane forth in all his glory oti Sunday, and we trust to have a dry August. The crop on the whole will be a fair one, nd fron present appearances cotton will =oon be corninr in. (leni. Cass Letter. )urigi tie late Presidential canvass and 'lection, it. was represented throughout the out lern St a tes tIhat this distinguished states. n:i was unsound on t lie sla vet y quest ion and .hie repeatcd re-iteration of his creed together ,vii Ii the Nirholson letter. were pronounced evasive and desultory. In reference to the atter, there never existed a shadow of doubt it our min us to its sincerity-and we now tave spread before us a document, which itnnps the author at once as being a true and varnta friend of Southern Rights and the 'lion at large. 'I'ie appearance: of the let. otter at this peculiar crisis, when he recu antcy of Van lhirea, lIen:to and louston tares tie South full in the fitce, must prove ,rateful to tihe f'eings of those who stiod his irm friends, and must cause self-reproach in lie ranks of the deserters, the so-styled 'Tay or I)mocrats. Eves- at this early period of P'aors :niiinizistration, we donut not there are ew who would not gladly see hin, presiding 'Ver our national destinies. ''ho South must arn a wh:esoime lesson frot this--never o desert her flag-to take care of herself and btus induce thIle co-operation of her NorthernI riends. Self-interest never dictated General 'ass' letter, for lie can gain nothing from it a catndidate fo r the Il'reswidenicy, and his1 inst itieterate enemiy titus t admire his firm. aiettan franknhess ini defenice of! Right, even the ri, k of* poit~ical inanioation. Ilion :aun;,( DenaoCralts. .\lbhough there ate butm.~ling movieents, it .>;liationis, antd piropotsi tots for a nion11)1 ,f' the Demitocracy ini the state of' New cork, we have no belief that any Union mi u principle can be atrrangedl. Thle riee-sotiiimen seemi dete.rminecd to bring lie otheicr scet ion to an adopt ion of their tew doctritie, and thtey will not agaitn ~amie umiler the leadl of \'.ax Be:- and is friends, antd wiithout tiat conceession lie Ftree-soileirs wvill con tintue their 0oppo. itioni. St ill the rank antd file Ott both des mtay comen togeter to carry the lo. -at elect inns ando they niay sticceed, inas iinuch as the Whli;s aire etqually) divided ; >it oin t he qiuestions of' n ationial elections, myv tititn atppears to have a remnote oaring. 'Thle Fr ee-soile rs areo violent ly alliig ( t't. TA vi.ott nout oin atccout if remois al fromt ollice, but from i an apjpre ttenin that tie will tnot sustain their at ac-ks ott the South. No eun wei WOsee how IS ispssile for htimi. a Southten manii, and Iec-d by Kmtthen I )emtocratie votes to tingle with Itndt~ suisitain the abtolitionii.'t ,f the- Noth. The Whiigs ar'e satisfied with the pssessioni of' te oflices, andi we ;' against the South by sigitnig any bill shtieb shall idistinictly violate outr constitu ional rightis. Sinice thei abov'e was penned we learn hat the Iltmo'ratic hparty hias, through its ILanitiaiy Ill Geineral Commniittee, re its-l to roalesee with the liarntburnters, ndiied't oil the proponsal of the latter to re-gize.c the. I'riee Soil doctrine. Theyv .ihIere toi the ol priniciples, whlichl wvere -itltrsed bty 15 States, tand intend to lThe first lahe (if nOw ('iittn was received it New (OrleanIs on the 2-1 inist. It was broutili to l'ort L~avarra ott the I5thi inst. a i-ty arily pleriod. The staple was protnoun-t :ed excellen-t. A loani tied oif $t,Mt), issued by thie State of Southt Carolinta for itternal improve inenait rposeos, hie bieen ta ken by a New Yo rk honse at a mtill p reinum. It leas twen ty years to runi aind carries 6 pot' centt inter The Ep?jident'zije. The Chuler.a ai3 u-., to b.: . ru-.l :- in tire North,.apd continues to be .t~il in th West pid 'hong the fre-lh wa'er etreams. The'6ipposetnd ctiiection betw.reen eleftrici. ty and this epidemric is now Cer i pying the at tention ofthle scientific worl. I)-. Atsiman, of Paris, has stated to the Acadarry Vhat ie has a powerful electrical machine, which, in ordinary times, throws oFid'on ting sinrrk. of two to two-and-a-hltt inches e:i-h but dou ring the prevalence of the cholera in that city, it was impossible to'obtain from the mlacihinre, anythii more than sli.it cracking:s, wit hout any luminous spark it;-when a storm of light ning and thunder passed over tlhe city and the disease abated, the m-rrihine again prodr ced sparks. This proves, we think, very clearly that the absence of electricit v in the air is the cause of tll prevalence of the epi demic, and consequently .'natural c.tses alone can bring about a healthIly action in the atmosphere. It has ;lso been ascertain.. ed beyond any reasonable doubt, tint, not withstantling all persons miust imbibe, more or less, a portion of this Ioul air in th sys tern, and generally feel tnconfortabie, yet the discase will not be developed iiniess hv imprudence of diet. Vhere the disease has prevailed, many persons refuse to change their mode of living and partouk of fruit, veg etables, fish and other substances, (which of course are likewise afrected by the rhios phere,) freely, together with a check of pers piration and inattention to proper clothing and swalloving drugs a prcventives, brought on the disease and th'v perislhed. As yet, the l'hysicians diff-r iii the rmiooc of practice but great reii-mnec is place I in the first stages of small doses of laudanum, camphor, aid brandy. The idea of premIrt::itory symrp oms is discarded, as these symnpomriis are con.,ider ed the disease itself, air] if irlediately taken in hand, the dis.e is chehed, hat if nie lected, the worst coitseqluences follow. Some I'hysicians give calorie!, others refuse torive any ii ediciie which distnrbs the b we!; the most successful arl reliable treatment is lauiidanrnum enemra., anti Ialn:yirr! the voit inrgs by camphor, sialil doses of opiiuti and the free use of ice. The disease itself is a vio lent cho/era,ur/u, which is to be treated quickly and holdly, and can be avoide.l by caution in diet and a calm nilnd. A writer in( Oloi bold!y contrnis tint. the oririni oft th l:.i i 1 c-rn '':t/f a iirrar tory insecti ^inl Cigran from: the n.-itaL~l coun: tries, wingring their in;r?:: tib!r' fllights over the whole world, the ni = ,iwhieb faste: upon thr vegetable world an ' are tius intro drced into the systemi. If t!h.: be :, (and who can say not!) then it i::ast be the lh il of the I.o'ust, which appear.s every seventeen years. Ve halrl tihre I r st amd chierar in 1:I, and now inve tire choiera anI louist in 181V9. 'Til theory is a very cu'iris oneia an.l we shounh Iil:e to see it filly ex:ntiie I. flow is it tInt, on the broal ocean, passe2 ers oun orre side or a shi~p shrould biie ittickled with thre chrolerar andu t hose onr the othier i-ide of the? vessel shriubrl esca~pe! It ca nuo't hue owinrg to a errrcnt or wirrd, for thre pr/'s w'u !d sooir dilrute aind disperse anys cuzrent of tout rind ,rfe :tionus airi. WeC find ai s'reanLsi of chr.>!era pa~ssinrg down': on' side of a river arid learving the~ othrer free fromi artticik. We\ Iid tire botweiS t he siet oCf attacik, evidently shr w;n.1 that thle d istuiirbarce hars aiienr fanni sime tin rg dangerous takerr into~ tire stomr:1c-h. ILookirng art thre ge'neral aunut fi at pr~revienrue ofthlis disease in every dire- tion we are sur prrised t hat tire mred c al faenityv do no t hohl conivernt ions and compai~re inotes as t 'tire best rmode or cuiring tire disease, takinrg thne ave rage ofecases c ured an:1 thre cou~irse adiopted. Somei~thing hke a fir estinate miayv be mad~e oft th~ m~ot certaini imode of treatmenct. C'anada~ ~and thre l'iait :i-t tlide1L. Lord i."rouzghram maide ain able arnd st rorng speech in thre II use of. L.ords ini favor ofeComrpiriase and coniliatain withr tire Canradiarns ori theL subjecct of' lie in-. demnrrity.hill arndu othetr pints oif ditlceree, [and hre elemly ji prved that wvithuout it CJanada, at rio disteiit dayi wouhill eithecr he iii1~inde edet or airnetxedII t lie Uniited States. W~e hiave no belief' ini it. We arre natiiorrs of' disti not raUces. Canarda lias not advanced for half a (century,~ haI F~reh popuilat ion, st ronglyv o rraizied agai nst thre Enigl ishr, and equiiiport ions of both nations compo)cse thre Canaidins-I nearly eurtally divided, catholic anrd pro testantii, wvithouit the' eleents of (Chiesion. Th'le CaXr~rinadian w ill spreak nor Enii ishi, anrd tire Engl ishi will riot spea1k F rieh if they cart avoid it. The Canatd ianrs wvishi to have ar governmienit of their own, arnd rio attachmrient to thIe United' Statei.s; arndr tire Ingl ishi party only thir'eatenr art. itexaition its tire meainis of keepirng dowin i tire F"r'ench. As long as tire Canaduiarns, hive threir' religiont thirr se ignror'iaI rig'hts, their pa rishi prrests and idolenit ipri vileges they wvant no) chan rge. E'nglandi mnay manke sonte concessionrs, burt il ni rotpe mit Canada to seperiate from thl~e niothier conrtiry. What do we want withi ita Lohl ad barren coutrry ? Tihe North wianrts it to eut uip inr to ai cluster of' states and for .4 othier pu rposes. Orr p roduice canr cross the Atlantic mror'e expiditious ly than by the wy Cif tihe Lazkes, Weli. hmind Canal~r andc the St. Larwr'ence. Up. per Cahnada is thle miore valuab.lieando mtost Amican~4., but every tihing in com.i tmerce or nrodnrets is joor in !..-we C' ;ula. VC L:ave limber enough, God kow,i:a ! P,.t anm I Pearl A ;ihes ui our frontiers. It is anumsinmg however, to see the Nortlhcrn \\'higs, Wlio voted against the annexation of Lod4einnia, M i.-sis ippi, Floridum.u:mmd 'Texas, wv> delared tihs we Wanted n1o Im)re territory, nlow so very anxious to.bring Canada into the Union. We mumosi keep our hands fomn it, or we will get into difliculty with John Bull. IE:n'gland will not permit Canada to sepe rate, is our firmn belief. TiE SLtrr.nc BIriass BaNu have for some time past been under the instruction of Mr. I I:erz ani, we are happy to state, they have o mile great ilmprovement under his hands. Mr. Iln.-rz hirmself is a musician of very - :t umerit. Ii instrunnt, the violin, from which lie draws the most delicious melody, the bow he handles with great delicacy, and for tore of action and rapidity of motion he can compa re fiavorably with any of the cele brated vio!inists who have visited this country. The Band dined with Col. Vur. omu: on 'Thnursday and on their return de. lighted the whole town with the music they discoursed. Ni:\ Ro.tm.---Imnder the eflicient superin.. tendanice of our worthy Intendant, the New Itoad, to the Mill is fast completmng. It will prove of very gre:t advantage to the village as it shortens the distance not only to the .\lill, but to the various plantations in that neighborhood, and will prove an agreeable ebhanre tor a ride or promenade to the citi zens. The Council of New York have appro printed -10,000 to defray the expense of remmorving to that city the bodies of Gern. \\orth and Co!. Duncan. For the Iunner. .ifr. Editor: As I have no doubt there are many persons in the District who are vet ignorant of the appointments of Pub lie oflicers for Claremont countv, at the last sessiont of the Legislature, please in sert the lit annnxed. M1a. istrates. E. Vamuse, vice John F. IIavnsworth, resigned. A illisoin Stuckey, vice John Crosswell. \\'m. Nettles, vice .. 1. Miller. Con missioners of, Free Schools. John -rierson, vice John Kerby, re -inaercs of E/cclions. k:mae Keels vice Julhn 0. Durant mov ed out of election precincts. SInlc Census. Isaac Keels, Jr. for Sumter Julicial 1.)istrict. The Ihist nmatmmed gentleman has lately coneludedI:ii his labors, ani I have had th pleatisure of examining his entire return. I do not know that it would be amiss to ,1 y tina t hIe hams tai kemi more t.roub.e, (hav. nmg v i. itd crery nurn's hrouse in Ihe Dis. /risi, wVithm perh' p no'~IIt halfi a'. dozein excep-. tionis, andmi ohnuined his return from thon he:il of' thme flinmily or 1. iime membher of'i, anid has madiie onemt of tihe brot, if not the hbest ensmms, enve r ta ken of' Simnter D trict. I will shny~!y mold thIat the Gov ermne rif time State exammmines mad accepts or re jects alli time returnms for thme census accord ing to thmeirmm merits. Magistrates are appointed tmpon thme recoimmnendaltio~n of' time citizenis of' time I hat C~iojmpaies in which they eside and thir olTicial re ports a re examined by, anid ire unoderm the su pe rvisiom of time Solicitor of the cirmcit. Commissionerms of Free Schools aire genemrally selected by the imemmbers of tihe legislature from tihose amongst our c itizents who are living in the viiyof the u ic Sa hoolsiwo are etinfrmned, andmi whmo are known to be Managers of' Eietionms are selected imn like mnnmer from anmongst those whio can read and write, for time purpose of' count ing and recorinmg time names of vo0tes and who are knowm to be honest enouigh to com nuct aim electionm implartially and ac cajrd inmg ti time in tenit amnd mneanmimng of the o~mh of C otlice, It gratifies mem to say, sir, that time Mag istirates a prointed at tihe last Sssioni of time Legishmmime, are umemn of' sober, steady ihahits. of intellIigenoce and knmown in teg 'ity of pimrpose" and ofn clharacte r. It is ionly necssiary to knmow M.-. Frierson, time metlm~u mammmjppointed Comnmissioner of' iFree Schiools to amppreciante is sterling worthi, mis well ais Mr'. Keels, manager of' meletions. Campi. Keels' report of time Cenisus ,which you are no0w pubmlishing speaks lfor itself. ANs OnsEUvERl La:te~r fromu Estrope. Th'Ie royal mmmii steam sip E'uropa arrived at Il iinax mim time eveminmg of thme 24th, hring. myg 123 iasengers. Shme brings dates from I .zverpiool to time t'.tth of July, amnd from Lou.. donm to time l13th. Im has bieenm excessiv'elyht nLodnn l~iverpool.litilonoad The bolea issteadily on time incmrease in I-ondonmi. Last vektheore were 152 deaths min Londioni, ammim iiLiverpool 201. I IWLAND). Theim Irishm papers conmtainm most distressing arceounmts5 of time peole, particnlarly in time souithm westerni dlistric.ts. Trhe houses are fill el to repmlet ion, anmd thmousamnds appear 'enitire-. ly diest ituite o f Imeans to keep soul amnd body t'ethmer. I tv :m: loor, Jumly .i--.Thme sales cottonm for thme wveek amounmt to d2,53t0 hales, at a fur.. th em a (erag~e nivanmie of I -8 d. iier lb. Thme quotat ios at thme close yesterday were for fa ir ,i phi mml andu Mobile 5d.; fair Or)leanms 5 1-2 I. 'l'hero were 27,000~t bales takemn by specu lators anmd 4,000t ha~les fr exprot- df Amer.. ieanm descriptions thmere wecre sohl 21,000) uip humil at -1 :m S 1-2d 32,O't( Orleans at 4 a Ii i-ii m.; 1 .,0t0 .lahama and Mobile at 4 a ->1.-Nml. 'l'hemre was limt so mnmeh rfloring . mybu tihe ~atane wr-s finnmly amaini.