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A r r c - # 9Tcw~ w r~ - - - - - pL. VOLTJME 1 SuMTR.VlLL'E,. S. C.APRIL 25, C~t .4L The Sumter Banner: FiUBISHED EVERYI EMESDY MORNING, BY WILLIAM J. FRANCIS. TERMS: ''wo Dollars in advance, Two Dollars and Fifty-cents at the expiration of six months, or Three Dollars at the end ol the yeav. No paper discontinued until all arrearages are paid, unless at the option of the Proprietor. - IOAdvertisements inserted at 75 cts. per Aquare, (14 lines or less,) for the first and half thatsuni for each subsequent insertion MTThe number of insertions to be marked op all Advertisements or they will be publish r"d' until 'ordered to be discontinued, and chaired accordingly. -rOne& bllar por square for a single in sertion. Quarterly and Monthly Advertise ments will be charged the same as a single nsertion, and semi-monthly the same as new one,.' All Obituary Notices exceeding six lines, and Communications recommendi ng Cand dates for public offices or trust--or pufling hilsitions, will be charged as Advertise. ments. - 3'All letters by mail must be paid to in 'sure punctual attendance. LEGAL RATES OF INTEREST, IN THE DIFFERENT STATES AND TERRI TORIES. The following is a correct statement of the legal rates of interest allowed by the laws of the several different States of theUnion: Maine, 6 per cent: forfeit of thrice the amount unlawfully taken. Vermont, 6 per cent; recovery in ac tion and costs. I Massachusetts, 6 per cent; forfeit of thrice the usury. Rhode Island, 6 per cent; forfeit of the usury and interest on the debt. - Connecticut, 5 per cent; forfeit of the whole debt. New York, 7 per cent; usurous con -tracts void. Now Jersey, 7 per cent; forfeit of -the whole debt. Pennsylvania, 6 per cent; forfeit of the whole debt. -, Dlaware, 6 per cent; forfeit of the vhole debt. I Maryland, 6 per cent; on tobacco contracts 8, usurous contracts void. Virginia, 6 per cent; forfeit double the usury. North-Carolina 6 per cent; contracts for usury void, forfeit double the u3Ury. 8uth Carolina, 7 per cent; forfeit of interest and premium taken with costs. Georgia, 7 per cent; forfeit of inter est and premium, taken, with costs. * Alabama, 8 per cent; forfeit interest and usury.' Mississippi, 8 per cent; by contract 10; usually recoverable in action for debt. Louisiana, 8 per cent; Bank interest 16, contract 10, beyond contract void. Tennessee, 6 per cent; usurous con Aracts void. Kentucky, 6 per cent; usury recove Table with costs. Ohio, 6 per cent. usurous contracts void. - Indiana, 6 per cent; a fine of double the excess. Illinois 6 per cent. by contract 1d, beyond forfeit thrice the interest. Missouri, 6 per cent: by contract 10, if beyond, forfeit of interest and usury. Michigan, 7 per cent; forfeit of usu .ry, and 1-4 of debt. Arkansas, 6 per cent: by agreement, '10; asury recoverable, but contract -void. .Dist'rict of Columbia, 6 per cent; usu rous contracts void. *Florida, 8 per c'nt; forfeit interest 'and, excess. Wisconsin, 7 per cent; by contract, '12 forfeit .thrice the excess. Iowa 8 per cent.; by agreement 12; ojrfeit thrice the excess. *On debts or judgments in favor of the United States interest is computed at 6 per' cent. per annum. Oregon-Bill to establish a territori -al government, passed House of Repro sentativas January 1847 no final action .on the subject in Senate. The President of the Vormont and Mas sachusetts railroad, at the opening of that toad, stated that one ledge hand been cut throug~h, whore the steam drill in a whole -dJay drilled only ten inches. Four miles out of Fischbourg, forty thous.'and yards quicksand wvere cut down--quicksand into 'which if. laborer fell, lhe required the aid of his follow-laborers to ext riente him. TIheo beds of rivers had been turned, innd the rivers spaned by biridges twenty-five tImnes. Between Souith Roymlston and Athold, nighty thousand yardls of the hard. est an Imagrinmuhlo were excavated, and this wvas only accomplisheud by two scts of Imnids work inmm irht und day. CHARACTER OF JEFFREYS. bY MAQAULAY. We have previoiisly copied from the National Intelligencer, an extract of a London letter, remarking upon the char aoter.of Jeffreys, as drawn by Macau lay in his History of England. That our readers tiay be able to judge for themselves of the justice of the sketch we copy it, as follows: The great seal was left in Guilford's custody; but a marked indignity was at the same time offered to him. It was determined that another lawyer of more vigor and audacity should be called to assist in the administration. The person selected was Sir George Jeffreys, Chief Justice of the King's Bench. The de pravity of this man has passed Into a proverb. Both the great English par ties have attacked his memory with. em ulous violence; for the Whigs consider ed him their most barbarous enemy, and the Tories found it convenient to throw on him the blame of all the crimes which had sullied their triumph. A diligent and candid inquiry will show that some frightful stories which have been told concerning him are false or exaggerated yet the dispassionate historian will be able to make very little deduction from the vast mass of infamy with which the memory of the wicked judge has been loaded. le was a man of quick and vigorous parts, but constitutionally prone to inso lence and to the angry passions. When emerging from boyhood, lie had risen into practice at the Old Bailey bar, a bar where advocates have always used alicense of tongue unknown in West minster Hall. Here during many years, his chief business was to examine and cross-examine the most hardened mis creants of a great capital. Daily con flicts with prostitutes and theives called out and exercised his powers so effec tually that lie became the most consum mate bully ever known in his profession. All tenderness for the feelings of oth ers, all solf-respect, all sense of the be coming, were ob!iterated from his mind Ile acquired a boundless command of rhetoric in which the vvlgar express ha tred and contempt. Tie profession of malodictions and vituperative epithets which compcsed his vocabulary could hardly have been rivalled in the fish market or the bear garden. His coun tenance and his voice must always have been unamiable; but these natural ad vantages-for such lie seems to have thought them-ho had improved to such a degree that there were few who, in his paroxyms of rage, could see or hear him without emotion. Impudence and ferocity sat upon his brow. The glare of his eyes had a fascination for the unhappy victim on whom they were placed; yet his brow and eye were said to be less terr;ble than the savage lines of his mouth. His yell of fury, as was said by one who had often heard, sound ed like the thunder of the judgement day. These qualifications lie carried. while still a young man, from the bar to the bench. H1e early became a coin mon sergeant, and then recorder of' London. As judge at the city sessions lie exhibited the same propensities which afterward, in a higher post, gained for him an unenviable immortality. Al ready might be remarked in him the mfost odious vice which is incident to human nature, a delight in misery. There was a fiendish exultation in the way in which he pronounced sen tenuce on offenders. Their weeping and imploring seemed to tittillate hiim vo luptously, and he loved to scare them into fits by dilating w~ith luxurious am plification on all the details of what they wecre to suffer. Thus, when lie had an opportunity of ordering an un lucky adventuress to be whipped at the cart's tail, 'Hangman,' lhe would ex claim, 'I charge you to pay particular attention to this lady!--Scrouge her soundly, man! Scrougo her till the blood runs down! It is Christmas; a cool time for madam to strip in! See that you warm her shoulders thourough ly!' Heb was hardly less facetious when he passed judgment on Ludowic Mug. gleton, the diunken tailor who famncied himself a prophet. 'Impudent rogue!' roared Jeffreys, 'thou shalt have an ea sy, easy, easy punishment!' One p'art of this easy punishment was the pillory in which the wretched fanatic was al most killed with brickbats. By this time the nature Jeffroys had been hardened to that temper which ty rants require in their worst implements. He had hitherto looked for professional advancement to the corporation of Lon don. Hie had therefore professed to himself a Roundhead, and had always appeared to be in a higher state of ox hilaration when he explained to Popish Priests that they were to be cut down. alive, and were to see- their own bodies burned, than when he passed. ordinary' sentences of death. But as soon as he had got all that the city could give, he made hasto to sell his forehead of brass' and his tongue of venom to the court. Chiffinch, who ivas accustomed . to act as a broker in infamous contracts 'of more than one kind, lent his aid. lie had conducted many amorous and ma ny political intrigues, but he assuredly never rendered a more scandelous ser vice to his master than when he introduc ed Jeffreys to Whitehall. The renegade soon found a patron in the obdurate and revengeful James, but was always re garded with scorn and disgust by Charles whose faults, great as they were, had no affinity with insolence and cruelty. 'That man,' said the king, 'has no learn ing, no sense, no manners, and more im pudence that) ten carted street-walkers.' Work was to be done, however, which could be trusted to no man who rever enced law, or was sensible of shame; and thus Jeffirovs, at an age at which a barrister thinks'himself fortunate if he is employed to lead an finpotant cause, was made Chief Justice of the King's Bench. His enemies could not deny that he possessed some of the qualities of a great judge. His legal knowledge, in deed, was merely such as he had pick ed up in practice of no very high kind; but he had one of those happily consti tuted intellects which, across labyrinths of sophistry and through masses of im material facts, go, straight- to the true point. Of his intellect, however, he had seldom the full use. Even in civil causes his malevolent and despotic tem per perpetually disordered his jud gment To enter his court was to enter the den of a wild beast, which none could tame, and which was as likely to rage by ca resses as by attacks. He frequently poured forth on plaintiffs, and defend ants torrents of frantic abuse interinx ed with oaths and curses. his luohs and tones had inspired terror when he was merely a youthful advocate striug gling into practice. Now, that lie was at the head of the most formnidahl- tri bunial in the realm, there were few in deed who did not tremble before him. Even when lie was sober, his violence was sufficiently frighful; but, in gener al, his reason was overclouded, anl his evil passions stimulated by the fl.es of intoDication. Uis evenings were or dinarily given to revelry. People who saw him only over his bottle wouil Lave supposed him to be a an grossi indeed, sottish, and addicted to low comnpany and low merriment, but sacial and good humored. He was constantly surround ed, on such occasions, by buftons, selee ted for the most part, fron among the vi lest p)ettifoggers who praetised leore him. Tfhiese men hantered and abus0d each other for his entertainment. Ie joined in their ribald talk, sang catch es with them, and, when his head grew hot, hugged and kissed them in an eces tacy of drunken fondness. Bit, thougsh wine seemed to soften his heart, the ef feet a few hours later was verry dill'er cnt, lie often came to the jaidgmewnt seat, having but half slept oli his die bauchi, his cheeks on firec, his eyes sta ing like those of a maniac. WVhenm he was in this state, his boon comp~anions of the preceding naighit, if they were wise, kept out of his wvay, for the recol lection of the famniliarity to which he had admitted them itflamed his maltig nity, and lie was sure to tatke ;evr op portunity of overwhtehn'ng thetm with exctration anid inveeive. iNot thle least odious of his many peculiarities was the pleasure whtich hie took in~ pub licly br-owheatitng and miortifyinag thaose wvhomn, in his fits of mnadlin tcedernss, lie had encouraged to presmne~ in his favor. The services which the go-ernment had expected fromi him werec perfonnitedh not merely without flinching, but eni gerly and tritumphatly. 11lis first ex ploit was the judicial murtder of Alge non Sidney. What followedl was int pefet hiatrmony with this b~eginnaing. Resp)ectable T1ories lamientedi the dis gr-ace which the brbariy aitd itndeeen cy of so great a functionary brouighit upon01 the administration of j istice, bunt the excesses which filled suclh mten with horror were titles to es-teema of d1ams. Jeffreys, therefot e, after- the death of Charles, obtained a seat in the cablintet anid the peerage. This last honr wasi a signal mark of royal approbattiona; f r, since the judicial systemi of the realm had been remodeled in the 13th ceta ry, no Chief Justice hias beeni a lord of' par-liament. Execution of Gn'L ays 6 in St, Domingo9 Among the mrany barbarous act of General Toussainti Louverture, "'di'ing his reignl over St. Dditiig, t xhenxecu tion of hus nephew Moyse, a young ant of excellent promise, -may properly be classed as the most atrociou's.: When Toussaint was made, governor, most of, the French. planters had left the Island; but by proclamations, suggested: no doubt by the English abolitionists, and full of words of kindness and promises, of a strict and impartial government, it was sbught to lure them back, 'and the endeavor was crowned with comylete success. As Toussaint was surrounded .and counselled by.oficero -sent froni France,for the protection ofp!anters;, what treachery could -they suspect?. But the seque, will show that tlese French officers were nore. brutish' and worse enemies of the French 'plantors, than the uneducated slaves tlmlisel vCs. At the period of the tragical ocdur renco which we are about to narrato, Toussaint Louverture was in theo-'ery. zenith of his fame and height 6f-his cri minal career. Age, with its stealthy step was crawling over him, and,- with cut iinairing his ability or weakening: his5 systen, was gradually confirming his mind in blood and guilt. All those softer traits of ebaracter of which, in his younger days, lie bad nct been entirely destitute, were now passing away, leav ing but the (lark shades of muisanthro py and blood-thirstiness carefully hidden under the mask of virtue and religion, by the most devilish hypocrisy. In persoin lie was slightly under the middle size, niot very wellshaped, and the few wrinkles which time had placed on his brow, were deepened by toil and care. Ife had lost all his teeth, and cat noth ing but sponge cake, which was made for him in every town as soon as it was publicly anniounced that lie was ap proaching. Such was Toussaint Lou verture, about 1708. Ils nephew, General Moyse, was almost the counterpart of this. He was a dark imulatto, of handsome face and person, untl deservedly rentowhed for courage and humanity, the exercise of which last excellent quality cost him his lit, at the hands of his detestable uncle. The ei:-eumstances of his inur dei, for suich only it can be called, wore as !,;: The inhitr.an policy of Toussaint Louverture's goverinent was worthy of a Nero. In order to destroy the unfor tunate Iplanters with dispatel anl secn rit'y, lie divided his army into two bod ie.5, oneC of which he took the command, whi!c that or the second lie gave to his nie! hew. Moyse had private orders to imar:iich on and attack a certain point, which he conseguently did. while Tous saluts esrps d'araee reniained station e'd at sonie distance fironi the scene of cti-m. When tie niews of the attack w.:s b-1rit to 'o1'ussaiut hie womi I fall into a terriic passion, swear ve. ..,eance on the diturbe.s of tihe public peace, andh s.-t out with his troop s t3 d-hiver the attarked t 'nIi'fom the oppressrs. 'These; previousiv nottiled of his ap proac by spies set foir thme purpose. va caited the p lace ini time to poven'Ct collis ion1 with JTausainit, who thus arrived too late, though of' courise, loaded with raies an Mecsing for his eclicient tae. tini h i'reuases by the unafortunate inhabitantso the~ distressed place. I Iere it was that lie would receive in tormationi of ant attack made~l onl another guarter', and mairebi forth againt with thme avowed intention of' chastising the reb. els, but, ini reality, with that of leaving:. this and othier places uinprotecteid, to thme tender mieri'es of' the savage horde un der' the coiinuanid of Mloyse. This was what Tencissainit called, im thme negro dialeet, '"rir' la ronde' a mon.'' Them. operations; of' Aloiyse were highly unisatishetory to his uncle, fromt the lfeet of the hiiumintyV of' the former sparing mtanyv who weire hated by rte latter, and who were' conIseguen~tly martked f.l -(deS. trucmtiou. 11 ence thme resolution of Tons. saint, tollowini; the bloody- instinct im. p lan t ed in. the Ibreast of every mnani, whither' ini a civih'i d( or a savage state, to destroy 3o cs' by force or' fraud, ais soon as~ fort in e unghit ch anice to thbrow the meanuts in ii power. These, unfor. tuntatel, fr' jAloyse, were soon1 forth. comig, and the po wer ad' 'PTussint was equ dm to th' taisk ofi putting; aill his lloody prm'j'cts into bloodumier execution. Tfhe ([inaire's hind beent fixedh uponasi thme next to lbe attacked aftter' Tomussinut's !hvoit phm of upeationsm. anal neati'l chne toi bu he place of residhene oh imimster, (who~ wais also his godhfatherQ whomn he bad rcoled to destroy, nnd and with heavy heart e work of-deathui't-wa ..,ptd a i4d the b6 6si e wa Inf fake il i placer. rfn~fe#'i WJoilvB~ W attacked, and the tidin du ) " nhs wa os Mo ne he were gone through, batvloba dIot thshypItitteAlpi88fl-JifUE~tW8}e risewhbnyplesding;anddan d 4n the road before~him qlehtl tebd of-his .mpster LpegiingQ~ch besidq.i,,anl k, i sk, over aPd ve' ti d down his rklin hdous 1:.h chiledwnklehaen dfounratc rae th r'r i"'diliilof6ieIl g bitterness 'obbfIl,9wdhd iw'klly, is 1 heart was full of the most exceediigdy at the acemplishment of h IreI dad his' inad'glbtiui'Trh g tlie probbectiveckhlffiredtMo h fii ft-4ir Wishes. towards~iys~.K'fsilr ther.in mookery ofaveryhmuk fbeline , he caused arggavoe.to be' dig, jand'le bodyr,tobbrm hal e oe vance,' qtimjig hiq inteptigonark ing t potto94n e . n continued his march for .Gonaurs Ut wherfEF ari thefoe enin had of cdursedisappe red. dsgaint, as usual, took 0up uiquit6t fo thit. night at Gonaiie. I a' 'i - The next morning -a Iessage wageLt. to Moyse, desiring his i nedite r sence at~onavdalon ieins df zor tance.' o '.ut Mo sooner ha' be a e than-he waa.arrested and thepw* into solitary, dyngepn, ~ohnrithhe~ murder of Monsio e Ir-,, ,whon, n it #ggg toia long, izowqvery, ogq dhpuot day dawned, whoen a ppurt nartials ordered to be conyoenedfao histriA8 a form mei-cly,- since thuenieihber* severally ordered by thb'eroldantinii y rant tofind him gai ith 9W laAdw' any decree his exec4obb . v r ever, ia'ving t thoir 'ietik aed at doitig this, the 'doit w as oidered to be dissolvdd 4ndi Touaist,'d66iny, Moyse to be-broughtto'Porr domi- , of his own authority declared him ,guilt Of murder, and. orde;cs liis itamediate exocution. A . TFhus wastilia Yu c~aLq dene to db , ; $uq . p d bempig given him, ande refus even pe, r mission to plead hi6w' en he attenipted-to speak,-the driis iWdr beaten in -imitatiot'of'" 0timi"tint Sauterre, ht the executionm of' '6is XVI, lest he should plead the prderstof his sanguinary, relntiv-in t.jqsti tion. of his crime. At noon of the sarneday lie was b'roughi, dresse'l in whit an with a White band;o' ovei liih f es to the"Place d' A aim nihe"iM'P a whiich was' filled with sldthb i '" himself gave thewordbf-comlmitd iiad fell pierced by six billetsftotnw hiah. cle's guard.-.Diopatch. R ESTORINO DECdASED Ivd tr( La ?ard, in his'- recent explorations Iamong the ruins of famous:oi Iiv, discovered many~ornaweits of "lass, whichi shows tl at 'thlf a~i dMf far 'an terior'to our k'n$te 8 did i8' were acuitdvith te17 'mking"it. mon. tan wo discoi'eriesimade li the&a. ard exhnped 'some yP wo of airc d inivdoy h th'at it o6~tnld e6i'le a p into lhis. iro'~Of, i tilt~1 'cause of deay to the Ei albuime't f ein'thed ,Tid"ecoma~ mnenaded the articlas t6be boiled ii an albmnen solution. Todx~ei-itti's tried with most happy results. 'The old ivory has been thereby-rendered as fim and solid as when it mvas eotombed, anid the probability is that. these aspion did works of ancienit~ssyrias .ciyviliza-~ tion will astonish 'fpture genera.tions a thousand years hence., '' T H E RronT WA.iI limo' 8f much religions excitoment,'iida es qjuent discussion1' an honest" hid'~utOh farmer of the Mohawk' *as e askedshbib oj'inioti as to'whioI doeinition bf Chriist ains were fid.thf lgted t wei ride our whatvtbagsida Idis is de pest roadg jand say dat' is de pest; Amt it-donittbkereneh di~illce wbicharoadeve'takeyfoTL w~fen wekget thierojtheymuoved~ask us fuliolideff &f eame -and it is wOne idgb#ie if our whoat is good 1" MV 'Ax'M-wMsoitimes amuse al kftl a WfMiews Fhean twb'ehass.'anoth e .9it inall or great importa ienga isin cf 4 address yod. m be ever V n - him ielf in id use no try, rcCan ane, ence e ser Mvhter; 'ri n di old&t ' Dareer ilut~ I~U #16t =mwy o thatform of development, acco$i t'to the eemensspe5Wih it -deals' It "M.D % $4eir relt s such whereer it 1o Tt10*r1 -HE 1.1 IdSK#'Wifb*LW&ft1A a~orthrn IgatseW in the formowing anecdote aingto et o w h ispeve tit he swas worth fre hundred thfoand d-lla -1. sojourn J ImOru* In he fnlloine nte41 "Mjc A ist m ia deal W -h a-i o ida. isnadreadesand dlhat . sh soouren abeseredasd 4r1 outsk eeatsason4i ^ Aiagr 260nausag mkes,6 ro svdelers imufi tkradad-6 fors@jeleGg he- andjtavt!T".ide i aA o' 1e&fyiitn ge tounteaeri..n sh, 39&hotlko6~worggesattha pubicas andsnters mie '8pis1,ebetdaggr prv ca tiles, triktu w wres 76 publiseaah - - y hee re fo