The Sumter banner. (Sumterville, S.C.) 1846-1855, December 27, 1848, Image 1
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Sn a "voon, ll I.
Sat tie i ehe year.
ti0P tti ud i 141 amr s
a sop o~fh
1 ~ ~ I 0 qt'Web' o 0
- 11d~ eah abseqto inseiari..
r'f Idie t al r keil
Th F-tor-boadeitinued,kMand
* %lIdcrdingly.. - - .
"W6t e~killnr
50110 a persequa-e for, a.'siglenii
b W)Qu~~artdrl-and Monthly 4Advertia4
AilQ charged tho same as aasingle
-omontlytbo same as new
buay Notices excoelinguix] iPCiQ
qkry tions recommendi ng
ees:rtut-rpun
d vertise
I t ni bmil t yt be ,paid to i
E TY.
sold at snmter Cturt -House on
the fir ~a d ifanaiy next, hid if not
a116iibv1 oft'&l ut it' ed ibscquent
le'd dyutifi1bld thsfulloivitighhds, to-wit:.
* t' tact bt'larid of one h undred and fifty
two4khcr e 'Jng -oh- Bay Branch-the mill
ira 'ard 3 50:per acre.
*A Atra$ ' ng in the ,forX. of Bay. Branch
14 , amid adjoinin the mi
rqu Iimdred and tuirty-five
per acre.
.6v "f J'otyEight Acres, lying on
nh'dnd Adjoining lands of Estate of
it'and of C11unt. ,Price 82 pr aci
IAththe li'above lands are of the estate of Ri.
114t, d4eceased, and are Altuatqd in DarlingL.
o ,an~ acres, more or4ees,
Distridt, on ite south
rirah'yateis of Blick
I all " 'tied to D. 'Reynolds and
o'ining'nds- of-Schrock,
iunt' Ptice1 O00:per acre.
atofiid.o.0 ne.6 hundred' acres. in
trini the vogt side of Scape
'ib9 unded by Davis, }oore,
0 00 eracre6.J
- n Erones
1sd 1o . MGawkins, bounded by the roln
-Ofp WhbreAriants, Melkaskill's Bli
the4 s A is's end Miller'silands. Price $1
per aere.
The terms 'of sale nre so much caesh as
ilp 'the costs-bf this case gnd sale. The
flhe6ii''f eaiti 'of 'o'no' and two years in
q.a iual instalinente, 'with interest from
l 'ii rhAsd' giving Bodi and personal se
ainmorigage, and paying for all pa
; . oi ler ofthe Court,
; JOHN B. .MI LLER,
C m'r. in Epdly S. D.
um e, Oct. 1848. prs fee $14. 2 8t
Th 8 tate of South Carolina,
WiLLIAMSBURG DISTRICT.
W Ibefdr B. Mouzon,
Adrii'.or F. A. Nelson,
vs.
Wm. J Burrows.
WIerbnsV illiam' J. Burrows hath filed
ei tition in'this Court, aitatini that he is
l/'ithin the prison boun's of Wil
.hug'i ligtrict, by .virtue of a writ of
c idaE' satisficiendun at'the suit of Peter
B. Mouzon, administrator of F. A. Nelson
dece sed, and. prifying a rule to be served
'dfdn iji said Peter B. M()nizon. iand his othcr
Et~Jili rs rtui-hable at a (day certain, beforo
-theD Ahsbeiate Jdstices of the said State, to
show'mause~if any the~y.can why the said po..
.tidO shouldunot be entitled to the benelit of
the A- o the .Ligislaturo passed for the he
neh fn molvenit debtors, and ho having filed
wIi hs ,pep 'sni aschedule of his estate,
rb~bdd cinl~ahis thereforo order
PetF.Motazon administra
td: eaieadl ha ali and singular
thelother creditors of the said- WVilliam J.
urows do' ppear 'bdfore the H~onorable the'
# ~.@IoJu sof. the saill State, at u Court
6 plpat be holden, at Williams
bu'qptt p1~ in and 'for the District of
1qibrgotib'thiril Monday after the
.f Mthfhoai~ iMarhn ext to show cause
(n'? feyanathy tho'said Wmi. 3. llurrows
should not be entitled to the benifit of the
saidqlaets~tugnoh diseharged fromn his confine
antsnd on whichaday the goods and chat
sJitlgi rn,,J,.B. will bo.assigned for the
.4eenpfis~reitors, .*
- 3?'. . SCOT T, c.' C. rs.
d ef mnPleat', 4
~W~i~ burgDis4ept.18, 1848. 3m
,,1iO1YDN HOTEL
~Ji~u~rgiLed.us agaip leased this
usa .fstajishment. Grateful for
{opphat jhis proxiniity to
th~alVi~o~dDepot, thes conveyances at
16 tAnspotted from-it, the improved
*4 h tf ;the Stables connected with
.zt~ q ~o~are '~and;. atisntion. he
~II ~ a1~le' wllindtweeami se
par aehither
4~19 ~ 4ha.to 'Stages al
w~~frp etig pnJ~ever rpquired.
-J~~' *~vl~ ~l~l pacipuu lots prepared
'~.~fesh lot ;'Italian
Alsd~ Bridges,
V L A t KS.
iiinedi irCiolo
Nii~~ 'ntowure iua~A~*~'88
Sin. have t i6I
accoOp ired.b Wil,
l2Lli.of intitn akp
pitpose,' hb . to siit s.
doyered- ld )l 1-1h9611 ly the
Sabranent had ora 'edi Whboit-'irty
milosi wheitt1?was&vertakon*b an e1
bringing., meiitellijnce-:of thei arriva t
Monterey,.htho Uz1id Statds ship Souti2
p4or ,yttera from, %O~nnioJ
ttrnddiencsbpatchedl
' i moRts ,npor iad on
the 17th resumed mvjuiney. W3 i-ached
San Francisco on the k2(M(h, and found tilatiall,
Tor'nearly'all its nial4-inhabitant had gie to
the thinds;i The towh whichefe raW* :7itib,
before wvas so busy and thrividWas >tei
ahnost desertednOnihe'evbning of tbe24th,
-the hotdes of thdo scortwiere crosised to Soti
.*olsto in w lo'uich and 6o1n the: following day
.we'resnied thdjoinoyli by -"'i if-Bodega
*undISknoma to erfs-, hee irrv-Y
ediifthd fornIn oftl f rl Alnfig
the whold roit, nils were lyin leefields
of wheat were .Openeto- chttlei idTf- Jib ,il
houses vacant, and-fqtin going t wast -At
Sutter's there ivasnmo life anard 'bushi:6ss.
L!aunches were dischiarging, thlieri cargoes atI
thoriver, and carts were haiuling goodd to the
fort,-whore:alreadywero established several
stores, a hotel, &c. Captain Sutter hAd only
two mechanics inthis emp'or anona
ker apd -black.smitha, vlinm ,he, was rthen
paying ten: dollars a.day -ierchants pay
him a monthly 'rent of -100 per room; and
whilst I was: there, a two-story house in' the
fort. was rented as a .hotel foru$500 a month.
At the urgent solicitatipin of many gentib
monj dolayed'there to- itlipato in -the firit
publiocelebration ofour national'aliniversa-ry
athat toi but on.the Otir iesumod the joui:
ney, and proceeded t*entyilvo miles upftho
American, fork -tta point-onit noWknown -as'
the lower Mi'nes, or:M11ormon!DIgings& The
hill-sides we'ore thickly strewvn with :bnvass
tents and bush arbors;-a-store waq eretced
and several bparding. shanties In operationi.
The day was nal hot, yetsibgu Wtwo
hundreJ- nion WeII ,k mhi th'rii -r
of tie sun; washing d
an',bifi6 *ith dos I n
or eight fe6tIoigi Iii
head has a coarse -grate, or sie e;t1h bottom.
is rounded, with small cleet Enailed 'aeross.
Four men are required to work this machine:
one digs the ground in the bank close by the
stream; another carries it to the cradle and
empties it on-the grate; a third gives a violent
rocking motion to the machine; whilst a fourth
dashes on water from the stream itielf. The
sieve keeps the coarse stones from entering
the cradle, the current of water washes off'tle
eartiy inatter and the gravel is gradually
carried out at the foot of the machine, leav
ing fthe gold mixed with a heavy fine black
vand above the first cleets. The sand and
gold mixed together are t lien drawn off through
auger holes into a pan below, are dried in tie
sun, and afterwards separated by blowing off
the sand. A party of four men thus employ
ed at ile lower mines averaged $100 a day.
The Indians, and those who havo nothing but
pans or willow baskets, gradually wash out
the earth and separate the gravel by hand,
leaving nothing but the gold miixed with sand,
which is separated in the manner before de.
scribed. The gold in the lower mines is in
fine bright scales, of which I send several
specimens.
As we ascended the south branch of the
American fork, the counitry became more
broken and mountainous, and the sawmill, 25
iiiles above the lower washings, or 50 mxiles
from Sutter's, (lie hills rise to about a thou
sandl feet above the level of the Sacramento
plaiin. Here a Epecies of pine ,ccimrs, which
led to the discovery of thea gold. Capt. Sut
ter feeling thme great want of lumber, contract
edl in Septemiber last with a Mr. hlarshall
torbuild a sawmill at that place. It was er
ected in the course of the parst winter and
prn-adanm and race constructedl; but
when he wter ws le on te whel, the
tail-raco was found to be too narrow to permit
thme water to escape with auflicient rapidity.
Mr. Marshall, to s ive inabor, let the water
directif'inito the race with a strong current,
so as to wash it wider and deeper. elle ofiet
ad his purpose, and a lar-ge bhed of mud and
gravel was carried to the foot of the race.,
One day Mr. Marshall, as he was walking
downu thie race to this deposite of mud, obser
ved some glittering particles at'its upper
edge; he gathered a few, examined them, and
became satisfied of- their valud. Hie then
wvent to the fort, told Capt. Mutter of his dis
covery, and they agreed to keep it secret un
til a certain grist-mill o. dutter's wvas finish
ed. It, however, got out, amnd spread like
roagic. Remarkable success attended the
lhbors of the first explorers, and in a few
*weeks htmdremls of meni were drawvn thither.
At the time of my visit, hut little more than
three months after its lirst discovery, it wvas
estimated (liat upwards of four thmoua'idpeo
ple were emiployedl. At time mill there is a
Ifine de posite or bank of gravel, w~hicth
people respect as thie property of Capt. ut
ter, although he pretends to no righbt to it,
and would bo perfectly satisfied wih the siam
pie promise of a preemption, on account of
~the mill'whbich he has built there at conside
rable, cost. Mr. Marshall was living near
the mill, and informed mec that many persons
were emtployed above and bielow him; thit
they used tho same maclines as at the lower
ishi~gs, and that their success was about
the same--ranging from eno to three ouinces
of gold iter ian daIly. This goldi toog is in
dcales tiittle coarser than those-of theo lowqr
mines. From the millfMr. Marshall' guided
riohe'the-rnountain oni the opipositdoor i'orthi
bank of tlfe south fork,"where in tlje bof .b
mtmall streanyi ot ravine, now d.ry; a 'rat
deal of course gold -has bedntfound. I- thre
wC ret i r
nmotiy qnti tie in j JgoldA
or. kss q~niss henumerougA
gullies ora ravines thdt occur in thatid6
turegion. On ihoath df Jil
thilbnd erossed t'. atmsll' At
nipnn 1nIkielo&Amneiden. fork4e
or fbtsigimilees hnlow thie saivind
struck this-stroam (tow.oknown as
e'!Ccreek IatAth.e wa.igs .so>
Co.,hey hadAbotlthtythIdia
qyl 'yhpm lany y itn m ieroba
ivrge:.gom go)ld of a chara
smulItar t1 th0 Ion mthe manlk
fifess in sufllciont taemiis
them17.Eta a sma1l stpeciiltt
-iented bythis dmpany of th'eIr'
From this.point, Iv proceeded U
#1a6i aiittiiftiiles, wher6' w#
atgreat many peopl *1and: Indian,&,,
engogedlI. the, bed of the .stroati'u1
crs in the sinjasidovalloys that"p
it. These latter are exceedingly
-and two ouncekvroconsidered n
nary yield for a ;rhay)'work.
gutter not more than a hundre
long by 4 feet wide and ti
wispointed otitto me as- thidone
t ivo-ndh-William DalV and ePorry
Coona-bad, ashort tiro before, b
17,0004iorth of gold.--Op Wo
-foraed me that-ho kiew!thtidth
men had e mployed'four whittn
abouta huidred Indians, nti
endof one weks v a
party, and hadleft wo$I W
gold. Anolihki-id l~a ne W
-ie, from whiclb'ha o eniapi
of $12,000 worth 6f .d1!ire
similar ravines, tQeI t e ni-e s alf
yet untouclhe4011 It -c
ebreppi
.hir o'ro
and sho-wed mein ag9 an o o e
$2,000 .worth of gold; and Afr. Lyman, a
gentleman of education and wort'ay of
every credit, said that h? had been en
gnged with four others, with a m achine o
the American fork just below, Sutter'
mill; that they worked eight dr ys; nnI
that his share was at the rate ct' $10 n
day; but hearing that other were- doing
better at Weber's place, they had remov
ed there, and were then on the p4 )int d
resuming operations.
I might tell of hundreds of siAil ar in,
stances; but, to illustrate how ple iiti rul thc
gold was in the pockets of comamon labor.
ers, I will mention a simple oecu renc
which took place ini my presence, v hen I
was itt Weber's store. This stoqi Wl:
nothing but an arbor of bushen, undei
which he had exposed for sale goods ani
groceries suited to his customers. A mat
came iaa, picked up a box of Scidlitz pow
ders, and asked its.price. The moir oil
ered an ounce of gold, but Capt. V ce
told him it only cost :30 cents, and h. di
not wish to sell it. 'lThe man then rif ar
an ounce and a half, when Capt. 'S ehe
htad to take it. I'Te parices of' all It! .ing
a high, and yet Inadians, who b Aora
hardly knew what a breech cloth war :, ca1
now afl'ordh to bauy thme'mvost gaudy dir. *sses
Thela country on either side of, Wa ber
creek iuch broken uap by hets,, andi
intersectedl in every direction by sma
streams or ravines, whaicht contain mn *oro
less gold. Tfhose that htave bebn v -orke
are barely scrutched; mind alibiougl thou
sanids of oine hiavo been crirried awa,
I do not considor that a seriouas imI ressic
has beena made uapon the whtolo. Ever
daty wvas developing anow amid ric her di
posites;.and the only imnpression seetm<
to lbe, that the metal would be found
sucha abundance as seriously to d spareciai
in value.
On the 8thm of July I retu rne, 1 to 1
howera mines, and on thme followvin1 day
Sutter's, wvhero on the 10th 1 wa- a maki:
preparations for a visit to thai Feathci
Yubah, and Bear river, wihien ! receriv
a letter from Commander A. R I. Lon
United States Navy, wvho hind ju st ,arriv,
at San Francisco from M:.mzatio n, ith~l
crowv for the sloop-of-war We~ r~ren, i
orders to takoethat vesusel to thu sqnatdri
at La Paz,. Captain L ong wi -ote to a
that the Mexican Cong,ress ha dl adjouarn
wvithout ratifying the tiseaty 0' / ricace; tI
hie had letters for m-.: fron, Commodc
Jones, and that his oa ders ' -re to sail wv
tho Warren on or bi jfore th 20th of .lua
In consoquenfce oft' ece, I djeterminedi
return to M~ontoro'j, and - accordingly
rivod hero on thec 17th 4', July. IDei
leaving Suttor's, *I sati sfied myselft
gold existed in : .he hed r .fthec Feathier r
er, In the Yub .ah and I lear, and in ma
of the small s' .r ams th att lie *between
latter and the . Ameorica n fork; also, tha
had boen for atd in the Cosummnes toi
south -of.th'o 'Amorica# fork. In each
these streaa is the. goVl i Is found in urm
streams, w' .Ierens int t.' .ie interveningg mot
thtins it Onei in, co - ..,r..:..s..
ee AiSlis
lnt
m1
p- M
r~ r
6 U*6 nia tin1'ia
cu T
IM, SM
OCR week --w
th 'extont set
'tbere i roe
government is entitleds( rents frtis~f~
and immediate steps should be devised to col.
lect them, for the; longer it is delayed th<t
more difficult it will become.' O..' plan)2
would suggest is, to-send out from the Unitci
States suarveyors with salaries, bound to serv
specifled periods.
A superintendant to be appointed-at But
tar's Fort, with power to grant liednses t
work a spot of ground-say 100 yards.siuari
-for 0o0 year, at his discretion; the siurey
ogs to measure the ground, and place -th
rentor im possession.
A better plan, however, vill be to havt
the district surveyed and sold at publid auc
tion to the highst bidder, in small parcel
u-say from 20 to 40 acres. In either cns
there will be many intruders, whom for year
it will be almost impossible to e scde.
The dscovery of these vast deposites c
dhas entirely changed the character ,c
per ClFor ia.pov Itspope bfran ei'ngae
. n cultivating their small patches of groun
- and guarding their herds of cattle and hora
lhave nl gone to the ginen, or are on the
way thither. Laborers of every trade hav
I left their work benches, and tradesmen the.
r shops. Sailors desert their ships as fast t
they arrive on the coast, and several vcssel
hsave gone to sea with hardly enough hands i
P )pread a sail. Two or three are nowv at i
c chor in San Francisco with no crew on boar<
SMany desertions, too, have taken place froi
s the garrisons within the influence of the
winos: twenty-soldiers have deserted fro
il the post of Sonomna, twventy-four from that.
g i San Francisce, and twenty.four from Mont
d rey. For a few days the evil ape ared
threatening that eat danger existe that tl
a garrisons would cave in a body; and I ref
Syou to my orders of the 25th of July, to ushe
iithe steps audopted to meet this contingent
y I haall spare o exertoins to apprehend al
a- punish deserters, but I believe .no time int
d sistory of our country has presented su
temptations to desert as now exist in Calf<
tnia. 'rho danger of a pprehension is an:
t- and the prospect of lhi a wages certaini; p
and bounties are trifles, as laboring mn
de the mines can nowv earn mn one day more th;
to (dotuble a soldier's pay andl allowan'ces' foJ
ig month, and even the of a lieutenant or capt;
r, cannot hiro a servant. A carpenter or ur
ed chaunic wvould not listen to an of'er of It
,than fifteen or twenty dollars n'day. *,p
any comnbinat~on of afl'airs try a mnan's1~e
more than this and I really think some oi
a ordinary mark of favor shionld be given
thI those soldiers wvho remain faithful to th
mI iHag throughout' this temptlhag erisis.
ni No officer can now live in California on
oid pay, money has so little vtllne; the prices
mt unecessaary articles of clothing and subsistei
tre are so exorbitant and labor so high, thai
ith hire a cook or servant has become an imn~
I. sibility, save to thaeso wvhh are earning I
' thirty to tifty dollars a day. T1huis state
to things cannot last forever. Yet from the
r- oeraphical piositon of Califorr.ia, and thter
>ro efaracter it has assumed as a viining com1
at prices of labor will always ho high, and
iv, I old out t6mptations to dlesert. 1 there
nv have to report, if the government wish to I
l61 vent desertions here on the part of lien,,
it to secure zeal on the part of oflicers, their
must be increased very materially. -Soldi
both of thme volunteers ands regulat- sem
of udischarged in this country, shmoulId bea-per
all ted at once to locate" their hind warrnt
m- the gad district. Many private letters 1
'ua~f the IUnlted Stateso rivatur aCcoDh
band
Ntt
c r'
- .. . h .e. ..n.
.SubneTiR i me.
rture ar
iiet~o t.404.
Aleaandr F~rlis,-.4
Maj-ey ath epidi 'is
f mo nt .n
thoe yo a ru
uhetn di'ctio fram 41
eo thehr ae.th R
pajed i' orki
1 olie's 8bit6
v ines.eoa Is
"T M ho ranymtI;en -
return thr
Theur e en t n u n
tile moth oftir ie ont l
- pled It woodpu
rleandrer obs Q1
- unas ste Il e of
j tiie bsimplest constrcicj~~~II a
f como akoeunthe 'crowp iso -~,Th
isete abu whale'siii -k~ o
fpvertd ketle oris th i
Sthe d.a sml brcaa an
odpate~t, o chmbe oit~kn of -v
>: whe ois isrted hatuall -nn wg
suied with e.:sin wtr44J he
1. fuce mixevituatie Tlfc a~ e
hf anrtd ket u l day.
tdizsreda paes oyh
othe ide 'aid bickj o -a
lowsprtint toe Afphe
0swich ivgs nere i opejatioin
theI the isInorwas twei66nudy of re
qufile ickhuvergiorth at(zbia $1. pei i.
ar. WoL allshywmt gat16maninola.
kt hare ofs tint the . 1149*0 6bdd
popte sie'idbtoi9'h
to tisTotot tIeedfiIbt
- and bsed t dn 'eni th
acclsU at hthisaliS.Oplb
radctige ofthils:*la ightl ddl tba*l
then prqensetho reiors*heus~y
nyatronnt uf ckinaifra o#tapu
,t longao 15 ~ t~~b~~'uuol - *
*oo ~the
ay 6f thdu t~~1 b
re, od. ,
cp oo t
t.. in s et
- th,. q -
tve low,