THER RE1 ERAL
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VOLUME I. NEWBERRY, S. C, MARCH 28, 18.05. - NUME R 2..
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LITTLE BY LITTLE.
One step and then another,
And the longest walk is ended;
One stitch and then another,
And the largest rent.ii mended;
One brick upon other,
And the highe. wall is tnade';
One flake upon another,
And deepest snow is laid.
So the little coral workers,
By their slow and constant motion,
Have built those prettj islands
In the distant ddirk blue ocean;
And the.noblest undertAikings
Man's visdom hath conceived,
By oft repeated efforts
Have been patiently achieved.
.TUR ASHES OF CUARLAUSTON.
[From the N.Y. Daily News of tle 22d Feb., 185.}
With -the fall of Charleston commences- the
tug of war. The confiie is about to assume 'its
fiereest, bloodiest, deadliest phase. There is no
longer any doubt as-to the teiiper of the South.
In Oe ashes of the doonied city,the retiring foot.
steps of its proud defenders traced their deter
milatio-. to coqquer independence, whatever
aight be the sacrtice of comfort, property er
life. 'Charleston *as to- the Carolinians what
kostow was to the alussians. Far beyond its
material value they revererwed it for the sake of
a-ociations that linked it with their emotions of
S pride and 'ffection. If they had obeyed the.ir in
clinations, they wAould have stood by the city '
the last, spill ng their lite-blood, drop by drop,
in its defence. But the hour had come for pheti
to sacrifice all locai prejudices, all -pride, all ps
a on;it atnm tr y,-n per!somnt considC~at onr
to thecause in which they had embarked. They
did not hesitate. The appeal.was made to their
woral courage, and it was answered by a devi
tion like that which fired the sacred city of the
e l]uscorite, and gave to the invader a blackened
ruin for his prize, and a desert for his land of
promise.
One journal in th,is city,the most fanat'cl o( its
kid, has assertep that.it was cowardice which
indsced the abandonnient of Charleston. AlP
,nen of intelligence know this to be false ; all
just men will acknowledge it a shnder, and all
who apprecite true courage will blu.h for sham e
that it r;as ever uttered. It was that .kind of
eowardice that impelled the Black Douglas to
fling the heart of Bruce into the centre of the
Saracen host, that for its redemption his arm
might be nerved to victory. It was the kind of
cowardice that caused TeH to aim h.is shaft at the
head of his loved best, that cinsed the first Brn.
tus to pronounce the doom of Math upoi his son,
and the second Brutus to slay his Varest.friend.
Some such cowardly instinct induced 'abius to
shin the eneny, and Washingion to follow his
example, even when the faiiling spiries of his
countrvmen seemed to upbraid his cautiotus poli
* cy. It.is, in fact, the cowardice th,at fear- to
Jeorpsrdize a cause by gratifying a va nity or
ambition. It is moral courage ; the ]oftiest and
parest that God h:as given to his creatures.
- What nian is<hre, wh is not a fanatic or a
ple would burn and ci':icy :he'ir prcoerty to as
sist in subjuigating the Sow!b. They 'would make~(
every needful' sacrm~ee t'o resist inv:a$on: but
for conquest, only snech as.,are forced upon them
by the military. power that conducts the war.
But at last the North begins to comprn hend the
stern, unfaltering and invincible purpose.of the
foe. They understand at hist the true chameter
*of the war, and they kner that it means Suh
ern independence or extermnin.arion.
Three years ago, or two, or even- a year ago,
the capture of Charleston would have set the
Northern pulse in a fever of excitement a:.d exel
tation. To-day, although the 'flags are flying,
and cities and tillages wear a holiday aspect,
* he-re is discernible in the midst of str,ined en
*thusiasm and siperficial rejoicing, a more reflect
*ive mood than has been apparent since the corn
menement of hostilities. Our people have not
lost all their sagaci:y in the whirl of excitement.
They know that the Southerners (10 no burn
thei~r cities and dlestroy their property because of
despair or phireizy ; or if it he' madness ther.' is a
method in it.'that is ajngerous to ethers than
t1emselves. The Sorn has ac.cepted a great h'i
-' nmihatioq r a prelude to a great t iumph. The
won'derfutl i.itll'eet that now controls the mititary
action of the Confederacy ha~ prompted the sacri
flce that even the North beholds with wonder.
Let us confeFs' that beneath the outward soeming
of rejoicing, 'here is bewilderment and forebo
ding, aind a consciousters that the fruit we have
to igng reached for, and thiat, at last, has fallen
of'son accord into our h'ands may turn to
? he! ou eur lips. When A rrng frectn ga
forth40 battle, with the flames of their home
steads lightning their way, to victory or de-th,
dedicatirg their household gods to destruction
and giving all their worldly treasures as a tribute
to a political sentiment, the wood rebellion, as
applied-to them, loses its significance,, and his
tory records them as patrios, whether they faii
or win. Against this Indomitable will, this dog.
ged perseverance, this sub;ime dev6ion, it Is in
vain for fleets and armies to contend. The- Fed
-eraL A4ministration miy find in the ruins of
I Charleston the beginning of the se4uel to the
late Pace Con'ereice. They imposed conditions
that .o free, brave people couldaccept; and now,
as a brave, free people, the Southerners are con
centrating their energies for war to the titter
most. It has becrif said that the rebellion was a
shell; the shel jq ours, and, while we hold the
worthless fragments, its it,vnrnerahI core, the
great st.rong heart, 'efies, bafiles us.
To one who truly conceives4 the meaning of
the chinge bf poliev that tas been inaugu rated
by t.e abondonment aT1 7es-ruction nf Chartbs.
ton, ae shadow of comir.g h:attles looks dnrker
and more vast than ever before. To 'one lin,
%e know how fertile the resources-to ow, heart,
we :iiovr how' firm and trAe-to one intellec!, we
know how grifted with marti.i attribmtes--to pne
man, we kirow how capable to plan, to siXe, to
thwart, to-retrieve error or.to take -rdvnage of
it, the, milary. fortanes of the 6oui !-ave been
confided. Free to act at his o!it,n, untram
tieled by administrative interference, trusted,
belted snd honored by soldier and civiVan, he
has lost no*time in.nsing his dictri.oria power to
remodel.he 0:ho!e svstem of wa rrr-. The t;i of
ICharleston is a c:n:equence le.s o Swr:m;n's
prowesi than of Lee's strategy. Wiio gives a
castle looks to gain a queen.
LETTER FROM GEN. LEE ON THE SUB
JECT OF USING NEGROES ASSOLDIERS.
IIEADQUARTEglS C. S. ARNES,
18th Febuiry, 1865,
Hon. E. Baresdale,
House ofepreeifatires;iritmzond:
SIR-I lare the honor, to acknowledge the
receipt of your letter of the JSth inst., with
reference to the employment of negroes 4s
soldiers. I think the m sure not only expe
dient, but necessary. 'The enorpy will, cer-,
Iainly_ust'g- MmAgainst_ ifit he ciao: get pos
session of them, and as'his present nuierical
superiority will enable him to penetrate many
parts of the country, I cainot see the wisdom
of the policy of holdirg them t vawait his.
rival, when we may, by, ti-nely ~action and
judicious management, use 4hem to arrest his
progress. I do not think that our whit% pop
ulation can suppl: 'he nece<sities of a long
war, without over-ta'xing its capacityand-iin
posing great suffering upon our people; and
I believe we should provide resources fur a
protracted struggle, not nmerelyv for a battle
or a campaign.
In answer to your second question, I can
only say that, in myopin ion, the negres, tin
der proper. circumstances, will make efficient
soldiers. I think we cotld do as well with,
them as the enemy, and be 'attaches great
importance to their assstance. Under good
I officers and goed'instruction, I de not see why
they shourd not become soldiers. They yos
sess all the physical qualifications, anft their
habits of obedience constitute a good foundt
tion for discipline. They furnish a more
promising material than 'many armies of
which we read in history, . which owed their
efficiency to discipline alone. I think those
who are employed should he freed. It would
be neitherjuast nor wise, in my. ppinion; to
require them to. serve as slaves.' The best
course to.pursue, it seems to me, would be to
call for' such as are willing to come witLh the
consent of their pwners., An impressument or
draft would not be likely to bring out the~ best
lss, and the us.e of coercion would make
the measure disgraceful,to them and to their
owners.
I have no doubt that if Congress would au
thorize their recep ' n into service, and ema
power the Pres:dent to call upon- individuals
r States for such-as they are willing to con
tribute, with the condition of emancipation to
all enrolled, a s-ifficient pombher wouild be
farthoming to enable us to try the experi meut.
If it prove successful, most of the obj etions
to the measure woul disappea, and. if indi
vidals still remained unwilling to send their
negroes to the army, the force of public opin
ton in the States would soon bring about such
legislation as would remove all obstacles. I
thing the matter should be left as far-as pos
sible to the people and the States, which alone
can legislate as the necessities of.this particu
lar service may require. As to the mode of
organizing th'em, it.should ik left as free from
restraint as possiNte. Experiemne will suggest
the best course, and it would be inexpedient
to trammel the subjeci with provisions that
might-, in the end, prevent the adoption of
reforms ~sug;zested bj actual trial..
With great respect,
yogr o mdient servant,
. E. En. Genere~.
Proposilion to the Women of the South.
BATLE HousE, Feb. 25, 1865.
Messrs. Editors:
I propose to pay the Confederate debt. Now
don't sniile,~ye "Ilordr of creation at us poor
women, for although we have ekouraged you
by on: smiles even while we suffered, and given
Von the reins and urged you to die for liberty
3et after all, you've gotten us into 'a dreadfol
scrape; and now that the ship is drifting it ran
dom, we venture, albeit through the veil of mo
desty, to speak.
Tfere are two million women over 12 years of
age in -the Confederacy-some heads have one
amd some three to four braids of hair-sy they
will average two; thprelore, there are about four
million braids-worth, in Europe, $40 each in
gold, which gives f'orty millions in gold, and in
Confedei-ate money two billions-nearly double
our present indebtedness.
A ship loaded:with this'preeious traffic might
make hair '. dadth 'se:pes, but angqls would
guard i: v \en..,Maury's wrini.sion) and hind
it safe' -at iiavre! All Europe woAd prihase
at sp.wund;ivT prices. Many brai s-o1:ring
on the alt-r of 'ihertv -w6uld w-i- ii) a
labeled inhr :he na:ne of the door,u rhoni d;
-t anctiotil C:r deht'v:ould- be i1 mpre ciri.um
stance. to the nmo.int rrPlizI.d; and I pr s
that every loyal vman in the So-il.h sedd 4"tq!
with he. hair, -tied with a ilbbon and a >iq
with !,e( name, to .Madine Ie Vert, ;n M1i.
Uere't uuiw, and two b)rRd!! Let ener'/ p0r;(>t
ic trode.:'" 1<cfd be eriond-a -.rzy ot i ho'ge
hlood i-%her, brclter, i'on, or lover, ha, b. n
.. niive the 'Vilest for wili stlad : ied
in :er rye'sp!encP. Our dero:ion sind p:fiK%
wi I I,e recorded by our child,en, and sl ntions
rill hoJor us. .. DELIAS,
A nicee of James N4dison.
OF A GAY LOT.ARto-A EsRTE
tn Foun WiTr -Two*or three days since a
young couple, evidently rejoicing im aH the sum
mer delights of the honey-moon,- reached the
city and engagedl apartmenttat thtAugusa Ho
tel. - They enjoyed the peace and quiet of th-t
establishment, and the btistle and activity of our
fashiontable streets unt il evening before last, when
the.hii!eXtoom who 1.ad- alread- been noosed
was forced to capitulate with a prospectof.being
haltered. 4'
It appeark t;mt a member of the 11th Teies
see Regiment recogrthed the gay lothatlo as a
deserter, and caused his arrest. The fellow was
originaly.from Nashv-ile, where as Slade, he en
listed under the larented Col. Rain, it May,
1861, teaving a"wife behind him in the Rock
City. Tired of war and sig!ing for the amordus
sweets of donestic life, lie deserted on the- 27th
of the'following July at Knpxville, and took unto
himsplf a wife at that plree. How long the maid
en of the valley of the Holston was enabled to
retain the love and mart*al duty of this fickle
outh, ire are not advised. He is next heard of
at Wilmington, where he changed his name to
Bryant,-And acted for two years as a Govcrnment
derectite.
Ofcoqrse he married again,, Rnotville and his
two former wives having. allen into the - Yankee
hands. To the astorishm.nt of his oldcomrde,
he appears on the scene 5efore thpii while they
were in line of battle at Kennesaw motirtain last
summer But his tastes rere not for the mucie
of shelle,-and though a mile and a half to the
rear, lie became demoralized and fled.
Nothing more wa, head of Slade or Bryant
by his former associates until Tuesd.&y, when he
derelopes himself as a,newly married mart. -He
had quitted Wilmiinton, when the city and his
third wife fell into Federal possession, and was
traveling -on papers that ni ted himt permission
to visit Greensboro, Ga., fbr the fulfilmnett of a
marriage cohntract. Some three weeks since he
espoused his 'fourth wife at Sawv Dust, ini this
Stite. But the honey-moon was not allowed to
wax and wae efoere he c;ame to' grief.
And this ends ou9 little cha;pter of romance
the hero in the Anugusti Barracks, and thle he
roine lo'nely and sad in her so itary bridal cham
ber. Slade, or Bryan', (whichever hie pleases)
has-a brilliant prospect hefore him. For deser
ti*i he is liable to be shot, and for indulgence im
the Mormon doctrine of a plurality o :wives, he
su.jected himus.t to a long duiration If prison
A TALE OF A'FRY1MG PAN-- Gv Ailken,
a man of immense weafth, as every one knows.
sent a large quantity of s, lendid siver to
Winnsboro-to,getit out of the way of t-he
Yankees. When the Yanks reached Witnus-)
bor9, it. fell into their Lands-or rather, a
part into thtir hands-or rather, a part into
the hands of certain negroes. After the with-~
'rawal of the Yaiikees aFmy, an anCient shive
was found frying bacon in a magnmficet silver
'aiter, of elegant workmanship and huge val
ue.
Gen. Jeff 0. Davis repeated.in Carolina his
Georgia tactics.. At the crossing of .broad
river he left behind him several hundred starv
ingand helpless negro women and .children,
wo had been seduced from their happy homues
and kind masters.
News from Mexico confirms the report of the
~ature of Oajaca, with the- garrison of 7,000
men, being thi largest bod-y of troops which
deended the sinking fortunes of the Repubiic,
DiMvNstoNs oF TRX PRINCIPAL EaOPEM
CnucES.-The Homan'Adveraset ii an article
compiled to show the impossibility of St. Peter's
at Rome 'being ever ci-'oded, gives some ous
statistics as to the comparative capacit. of the
most celebrated churches in Europe.. We Add a)
column, exhibiting the number .of square yards s
"Tao.Qe who attended at St. Peter's during the
august ceremonies of Christmas Day. might per..
haps hpve imagined that temple in ila parts open
to the public during the function, as much croe4
ed as possible. To show the impossibility of SL -
Peter's bein ever Ctowded, we annex the follo
ing statistidi of its capabilities, as compared with
othwr great churches, allowing four person 1W
every quadrate metre (square yard): -
Person. 9S. rds.
St. Peters, 64,000 13,500
Milan Cithedoal, 37,00 9,250
St. P ,i's at Rome, 32,050 8,0
St. Paul's at L-.Avio, 35,600 6,400
St: Petroyio, at Bolgna, 24,400 6,100
Flormene Cathedral - 24,300 6,075
Ar: erp Cathedra 5,4,000 6,000
St. Sophik, Co;tintinople, 23,000 5,75
F'. John. Lateran, 22,900 5,725
Notre D;ime it' Paris, 21,400' 6,V4
P.,s Cathedral, 14,00a 8,29
St. ateneu nt Vie,na, 12,100 ,1300
St. Do lek's at Dologns, 12,000 ,0w
St. 1"er's i . ogtua, .11,400 .I,I50
(O tedal of Sienna, ' 11,000 2,750
St.4M' l,ie," 7,0no 1,7VO
"T)ie pi;tzz.t of St. Petprs in ifs widest limits,
aliTwiny .w1 ve p0rons to th* quadrate metre
(:qn.tre yar(! I 24Ms ; tIltowing four to tfi
sa'm"?, dr;tsV nili!aiv arr.y, 208,000.. I
it: nr.1. &, , nt vo enriing the porticos
oi- t'-C P4idZo 11Ven!ilc 474,010 crorwded,. i4d
138,K* in mil*|ry array#"
How Tr*Gaow,TOMA?0E*.--T. W Winstoo
in a cammoniention to the Tribune of (Ala)
says: "In Deeember, dig holes'in a line t*6
feet deep and tio feet wide-makiga square;
fill in one-font and a half with goodstab'ewav
nore. Then mix the top earth from the ditch
with the same quantity orinanure; md 9M i
several inrhes abo the surflee. Let st tmn
-ontil ouvre ready to set four plants the
.p:J:g. Then take pieces of timber Po.+
inehes in thickr'ss, and 12 feet long; put
them in the groumdirmlv, say two fjtt-tve
pieces at.ote end of -the row or line, am- two
every eight feet along its. whole length. .84.
the plant. out bet!ree-i the.e posts si fi
apart. (not$n inch nearer,) and as they grow
up and regire support, nail strips or 0.atw
from one post, to another, lengthwis, eon och
side, lifting the tender b-anches upon them.
Beo e set,lng the plar t<, stir the earth *tlt,
onj foot in depth, and ie,m,ber t'iatfa$ta
n*t be used, not sged.---By observing the
above irstructions closely, and having faim se
son., you will gither from twenty plants or
vines, more fridt.thar a large family can ut%
and they will bear until a killing frest.
"The writer.of this tied tAis pla'a for' hift
self the present year, and-to-day, Kov. Sd, has
plenty tonatnes in his garden. Cultivattd -in
this manner, the vine will grow from eigbf to
ten reet high. fie calla upon every -lover of
tis delicious egrtable to try it for himself
'Ae best tomato i4 the Itarge smooth red.*
"It is stated in an English r that the,
piles sustaining the London br"'ge have been
driven 500 years.-In 1845, they were etiti
cally exanmined, arnd found to have: decayed
but slightly. These pilies are pl-incipally ot
chn. Old Savoy Place, in the rity of Loodo;
i sustained orn piles driven 650 ,years -ago.
They consist M* oak, elhn, heech sud chestnut,
and are perfectly sound. Th'. bridge built by
the Emperor Trajan over the Danube, affords
a st, iking example of the durability of 'timber
in the wet state.-One-of these piles, was ta
ken up'and fbund to be petrified to the depth'
f. three quarters of an inch, atnd thi rest of
the wrcod had undergone no chaoge, though it'
has been drivedl 16800 yesrs."
RIcHMoND, MARCH !2.-Enropean advices to'
the 25th nit., are at hand. The subject of- the
Canadian defences was debated in the Hlonne of
Lord. Earl Derby favored the''adoptioa of
vigorous measures in view of the hostile feelings
of tlie Americans. Earl De Gary sa'id the Govern.
inent would ask for a voteot fifty shousand pounds
tering for the detence of Quebee, leaving
Montreal to the Canadians. ' Lords Malmesbary
and Ellenborough complained of the inadequacy
of the amount asked for. Earl Rusasell regretted
the discussion, an-i 'said the Government had
declined to make - any movement while the
Candians declined to tgke,messeres themslie,
but as they now show a differens postion
Government will-assist-them. The debate cassed
a.depression in the funads and a fail in chd.
No other news of inlterest. .
During the passage of Sherman threugh
south Carolina; a flat laden with about. three
bundred neg?oes w,as swamped, 'p attenipting
to coss the Saloda river. Onl two' of the
nfortinates escaped, and fio efrt .yheteer
was made by the Yankees to,save their .cosr