VOLUME XXV. CAMDEN, S. C., FRIDAY MORNING,DECEMBER 21, 1866. NUMBER 23.
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""MISCELLANEOUS."^
From the Charleston Mercury. .
EUROPE?AN IMMIGRATION.
The sneci.il committee of the Gen
I - eral
Assembly of this State, on the
subject of European Immigration,
have published an elaborate report
on the important questions which
were submitted to their consideration
:
They state that.no government of
Europe exercises a special supervision
nf immigration, and that private
agencies should be avoided. They do
not agree in the opinion that the colored
population will henceforth he
entirely useless, but think that the
State will need them all, and may.by
patience, liberal dealing, and wise legislation,
make them again valuable.
Still, as this number is reduced, and
their steady application cannot be relied
on, other arrangements have become
necessary to re-establish on a
true foundation our agricultural interest.
Statistics show that the colored
population in the Northern States
is at a stand stir, the births and
deaths being about equal, and this
will, in future, be the case in the
South. The white and the colored
populations of this State are now about
equal, and if immigration of colored
people is encouraged, bow long
will the whites retain their supremacy
under the continuous excitement
of political convulsions? General
Easly said that only the rapid increase
of the white population could prevent
the social evils that threaten, -h"*1 the
resources of the South are incalculable,
if she can command an influx
of industrious and frugal whites.
Previous to the war, the population
of South Carolina was about 700,000,
.and she was made to support with
case 4,000,000, of people. Judge
Aldrick saiil that immigration would
induce competition which is necessary
to make black labor available. The
blacks must be convinced that they
must either work or starve. As far
back as 1G08, South Carolina was
encouraging white immigration as a
O o t O.
matter of protection against the negroes.
The experience of the New York
Emigration Commission shows that
emigrants to this country bring with
them an average sum of ?125 each
man,, woman ami child; ami the greater
part of this goes at once to increase
trade ami stimulate commerce. German
emigrants, alone, have brought
1,000,000 to the United States in
three years. Every immigrant that
comes to South Carolina, may be
considered to be worth So00 to her;
and what can be done in this State is
shown by what lias been done in other
States. The population of Minnesota,
in 1851, was 7000, and in 18G2
it was 202:883, and of this gain 151,000
were from immigration; and the
value of all property increased in a
like proportion.
vr>rniirr><! fYi.vmors to 1*0
licve her of dependence on the North
. and We3t, hut we must be content to
sell some of our land. Europeans,
who will adopt our habits and ideas,
arc what we need.
A transient population, such as the
proposed coolies, would do no good,
as they would spend out of the country
all that they made in it. They
are nothing but merchandise, and a
blight to any community where domiciled;
while the European gives permanent
wealth. lie not only adds to
the real capital of the State from the
beginning, but by his industry in
..1 1 ??/i
Ul'CilSUS UiC guiiviai nvaiLii, aiiu ? uui, ever
he gains individually and for
\ "himself, is truly a portion of the general
resources, because he has estab-'
lished here a permanent home, and
p. will help to bear every public burden,
^ as he participates in every public advantage.
lie becomes, indeed, a
member of the State, enlarging her
importance and power.
L Our State has 4,572,000 acres in
\
cultivation. Almost every propictor
can easily spare as much lands for
sale as he now actually cultivates,
more especially if lie can make up
his mind to abolish the system of
wearing out his lands, and will adopt
a judicious system of rotating and
manuring. This would throw into
market for the immigrant small farmer
45,7200 farms of 100 acres each.
The advantages of a system of small
farms arc easily shown. Take for
instance a comparison between New
Jersey and South Carolina in 1800.
These States were nearly equal in
population, that of New Jersey 672,035,
and that, of South Carolina 703,708.
The total value of the products
of New Jersey was $00,000,000,
while the value of the products of
<U().nnn nnn
UUUIH ViUVHJJKl M (iO ?./ III. ^jn < ' y v , v w
To obtaia.this result, New Jersey
has invested in real and personal estate
206,682,492 dollars. South Carolina
has invested in real and personal
cstatc489,310,128 dollars. New Jersey
has 1,944,445 acres of land in
cultivation, South Carolina'4,572,060
acres. New Jersey has a comparatively
poor and rocky soil, South
Cavolinf a soil and climate capable of
producing almost ^11 the most valuable
productions of the.world. New
Jersey bad a cash income of 60,941,
4-35 dollars in 1860. Deduct therefrom
the interest on her invested capital
of 296,682,492, dollars, at seven
per cent., say 20,767,77-3 dollars,
leaves her a pr-ofit of 40,173,662.?
Deduct from this, however the customary
33;'j- per cent, as the cost of
her manufactured materials in agricultural
implements, engines and machinery,
manufactured clothing, flour
and meal, cotton fabrics, woolen fabrics
boots andv shoes, India rubber
goods, furniture and jewelry, say 7,
981,296 dollars, will leave her a clear
profit over the regular interest of seven
per cent. already calculated of 32,
192,866 dollars ! South Carolina had
o /.ot.ii /./vi,I/,iWilli /-.f-i*) os/? ,r)iSi?
to vttmi inwvutv xu vi ^.vt wv7 .
dollars. Her investedcapital amounted
to 480,310,128 dollars, the interest
of which at seven per cent, a mounted
to 34,252,338 dollars, which leaves
her a profit over the regular interest
of seven per cent, of only 15 788.248cioltnfs.
Her slaves having, however,
been included inher capital, say 200,000,000,
their increase should'bc added
to h'er profits, say -I per cent.;
being 5,000,000 dollars making, therefore
aggregate profits over the usual
interest 20,733,248 dollars, or 11,450,
118 dollarsless than New Jersey.
Supposing South Carolina was to
sell, her 45,720 farms, of 100 acres,
each, at five dollars per'acre, and was
to invest the proceeds thereof, $32,800,000
in factories, her income, proportioning
it by that of New Jersey,
would be increased by about nine and
a half millions of dollars, manufacturing
profits, besides the proportionate
increase in her resources by the results
of such a number of cultivated farms.
It is not to bo presumed that this
thing can be accomplished in a day
nor a year, but it is possible in time,
and it is never too soon to initiate
measures to lay the corner stone of
such a realization at a future day.?
In Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama,
and Georgia, a number of cotton factories
are in the course of construction.
Let ns sell our surplus lands, and invariably
invest the proceeds in shares
in manufacturing companies. Let
them be formed in every district, in
every eligible position on this principle,
the results will be a source of joy
and Astonishment to every true hearted
Carolinian. South Carolina must
wake up toher true interest, and whoever
among her patriots does the most
to rouse her energies, deserve best of
"generations tinhorn," Let stay laws
be ever so popular now, their effect
and their good if any, is only transient,
and the day is, therefore not
distant, when lie, who has dared to
iay the corner stone of our prosperity,
even against popular prejudice and
clamor, will certainly meet the reward
of popular acknowledgment. It
isreally wonderful what natural riches
South Carolina docs possess which
have been utterly neglected. The
most valuable minerals abound in her
middle-find upper districts," but they
are not gathered, and are suffered to
remain in thcirmother earth, as on the
day of their creation. Whilst our State
is blessed with the growth of the great
products of rice and cotton, there is
1 hardly a plant in God'suniverse which
does not find in her borders a congenial
home, Whilst our rivers should
resound witl the busy bum and clatter
of the nmcliificrv, every hill should
be crownccf with the luxuriance of the
/
grape. It lias been correctly calculated
the average product of labor of each
operative in the Northern factories is
99G dollars per year, and yet the
greater number of them are women
and children. How does this compare
with the value of a first-class field
hand? In Ohio an acre of grapes will
produce $000 and that State produced
500, 000 gallons of wine. South
Carolina is the home of the grape.
Ohio produced its 2000 pounds of
silk, and New York 9,500,000 pounds
of hops, and South Carolina respect
tivcly 20 pounds and 122 pounds,
while both the mulberry and the hop
would grow luxuriantly in our State.
Every planter who retains 20,000
acres, of which he can only cultivate
1000 does not only no good to
the State, but is a positive injury, in
preventing, hy liis own unwillingness,
to sell, the increase of resources and
population. From
1850 to 1860, the population
of the United States increased thirty
five pw cent. But the North and
West increased at a much larger rate
than the South because the latter only
received seven per cent, of the immigration,
while the North and West
received ninety three per cent.
A number of imigratioh agencies
exist in the North, and a multitude of
associations have already been formed
to encourage immigration to the
South. Thus far these have been
failures, because the immigrants were
of the wrong kind and wrongly received.
Governor OitR in his reply to the
circular of the German Society of New
York, promises, that "if you can
bring German artisans and mechanics
here through your association, you
will be rendering them an essential
service, and be assured that we will
receive them, as well as all other immigrants,
whether farmers or laborers,
with a joyous and cordial welcome."
Can this be promised without organization?
A letter from Brunswick, in Germany,
states:
"From the little town of Ilcrrcnburg,
in Wurtembcvg, which numbers
011 Iv 2418 jph;,lhit-.intfe--k?frtTTcTasUyear
47 persons, taking with
them in hard cash over "2~>,(100 guilucrs.
Desirable emigrants may be
had if a State agency were established,
which would cost about 1000 dollars
in gold per annum.
"General Tochman, the Polish
patriot, in his scheme for encouraging
Euro]flan immigration to the
South, urges the organization of land
companies, and a general agency of
them in Europe. It will be seen from
the circular letter of the German Society
of New York, that these land
agencies arc mistrusted, and even
General Tochman himself, on a previous
occasion says: 'Agents of emigrant
associations are suspected and
mistrusted by the Europeans.
General Tochman has now become
a shareholder, director and agent of
a powerful land company in New York, !
and may, perhaps, have cluingcd some
of his farmer views. Put wc will,
nevertheless, quote some more of them,
expressed in his letter to David Hiker,
Esq, in November, ISbir lie then
says:"
"The Northern oiler of one hundred
and sixty acres gratis, would
not entice the poor emigrant to go
Northwest, where they can work only
a pTtrt of the year, and must feed
themselves and their stock upon its
earnings during the whole year. They
would prefer to come South and pay
for their lands, if you oiler it to them
at low prices, or give them a reasonable
credifto enable them to pay you
out of their earnings. As to those
who have the means for the purchase
of their land, worth higher prices,
they would be induced to follow the
former class of emigrants, because
they would be sure to find amongst
them the laborers for hire, to help
them in cultivating their richer homesteads."
The circular letter of the German
Society to the Southern States, contains,
among other suggestions, the
following:
" * * * There still exist certain i
difficulties in the way of successful!
immigration to the South, and it is!
l
my present object to point them out, !
and to suggest some remedy for their
removal.
" The first of these is the practice
of contracting with immigrants cither
in Europe or here, to proceed to some
particular locality, or to bind them
to work for certain specified parties. |
We are convinced that such engage- j
merits result in no advantage to the
laborer, and offer no security to the
employer, and can only benefit the
middle man or agents, whose interest
it is to deceive both parties. The
system opens the door to misrepresentations,
if not to actual fraud,
and generally ends in dissatisfaction
on one side, or disappointment on the
other. It should be abandoned and
the emigrant left free to make his own
selection of locality and employer.?
To enable him, however, to do this,
offices should be established in all
the principal seaports, principal interior
cities and rail road centres,
where parties wishing to hire could
leave their address, stating what kind
of labor they require, what wages
they are willing to pay, and on what
terms they wish to make engagements.
Thest offices should keep a descriptive
list of the farms and lands offered
for sale or rent in their districts,
and should furnish advice and assistanee
tr> all renmivincr t.l?e same.?
These offices should be under the control
or supervision of prominent disinterested
men, or still better, might
be connected with private benevolent
societies established expressly for the
purpose of advising, assisting and
protecting immigrants. Wherever
there arc. respectable citizens of German
origin, they should be urged to
establish such societies. * * *
As soon as we .have been informed
of the establishment of such offices
as here recommended, and have been
notified by them what kind of laborers
arc required, and on what terms
they can find employment, we will
influence the right kind of emigration
to those localities which desire it. *
* * In reply to many inquiries and
offers in regard to taking a more ac
? n
tivc participation in the business of
engaging emigrants, I would say, that
as a purely benevolent., institution,
without any pecuniary object in view,
the German Society cannot act as
an?agent for any person or association
making a business of emigration,
nor can it buy or sell lands, or cmnlov
mercenary parties as agents.
From a letter received from Liverpool,
England, from the British agen-g-r
uf lL"*_ AWi.i n,.Lii flnrnpfl,ny,
we copy the followingt ?
I think it likely* that Germans
would be better suited to settlement
in the Southern States than the Irish,
but both these nationalities will, doubtless,
be attracted to. the South, if
they arc assured that in respect to
pay and of social position, the advantages
offered in the South are equal
to those in Western and Northwestern
States. The emigration from Ireland,
alone, for the coming season,
will probably not be loss than 8000
per week. These might be influenced
to go South if sufficient inducement
was offered them, and even before
leaving, Ireland information of this
kind might be set before them to advantage.
* * * I am not, at pres
cnt, in a position to.torm a judgment
of the attractions "vvliicli South Carolina
offers to European laborers.?
There is an impression here that the
former cultivators of the soil arc still,
to a large extent, available, if properly
treated and fairly remunerated,
and European laborers will not like
the idea of coming into' competition
with the frccdmcn as laborers.
"Referring to the position of Irish
,emigrants, I may say that some, by
no means a large proportion, arc possessed
of moderate means, and emigrate
with a view of settling in Western
lands, but the great majority are
laborers, ready to take employment
wherever they can best procure it."
Your committee have endeavored
to ascertain the views and measures
of our sister States in regard to immigration.
Although most of them
have seen and partly appreciated the
great value of immigration, their laws i
have simply consulted .their own im-1
mediate interest, without caring much |
for that of the immigrant. Whilst some )
of them have appointed agents and !
commissioners to hold forth their ad-1
vantages in cheap lands, favorable
climate, variety of productions, bene
ficial institutions, &c., but very lew
of them, in fact, as far as we could
learn, New York only, have deemed |
it necessary to protect the stranger j
by proper laws against sharpers and j
speculators, and to furnish'him facil-1
itics for his future prosperity. South
Carolina lias always been most generous,
just and noble; let her make
sucli laws as will do for the immigrant
that which she would desire should
be done for her own children in the
land of the stranger; and it will be '
like throwing her " bread upon the
waters, to return to her again after
many days." For in. the liberality
of our laws, as much as in the superior
value of our resources, will be
founded our only hope of subverting
the stream of emigration from the favored.
West to our own shores.
The committee then refer to the
proposed European Immigration Bill,
and say that this is certainly a most
liberal law, but no more than generous
South Carolina can afford. And
besides, if we examine it closely, the ;
State will. not lose anything by its
operations even in a pecuniary view.
How much trouble and expense will
be saved our citizens by the operation
of the proposed bureau in providing
them an office, where their communication
with immigants, servants, laborers,
mechanics, &c., of every class,
and with purchasers of lands, &c., is
attended to free of charge, and where
uie iacinty ot making known ana aUvertising
their Wants or their lands,
which they will sell, is afforded them
without cost ? Besides, we have the
benefit of an institution,' which will
be appreciated and understood as
purely benevolent, which will be trusted
and believed in, and will therefore
be more effici^mt in its operations than
any agency for profit. Those of our
people that sent for laborers last season
through-thejigcncies have had to
pay 25 of 30 dollars a head, and have
not been well served either. And then :
again, every immigrant will besubject
to our capitation tax, if we lay any,
to our school tax, road tax, &c., being
exempted'only from-the land tax .to
a limited extent. And in regard to
the-contribution demanded for their |
schools, where they form a community,
the -improved value of property
where such communities shall locate
will be such that' the taxes therefrom
will cover the expense, and b.esides,
the State?without fail?will have
to make such liberal school appropriations
for all her pec pie, if she will
give all her children a fair chance in
the race for prosperity.
The committee have already expressed
the conviction that private
emigrant agencies arc rather to be
deprecated than favof^J, and in this
-opinion they have been strengthenedby
the views of the benevolent ana welb
moaning. Jlrhc States should control j
and immediately supervise all such
institutions, thereby creating tlifc
mutual confidence and perfect fair
dealing which is essential to success,
and which will exert a supreme beneficial
influence, and cannot be made
and subversive of private speculation.
In connection with this, however, the
organization of proprietors for mutual
benefit, and, when they have lands
adjoining, for the rea dier sale of large
tracts to accommodate immigrant societies,
may be very judicious and
commendable.
Registered bifid might ho withdrawn,
or their registry might be ;
amended under certain just and rea- j
sonablc-rcstrictions; besides, it is not j
1?lf Anil At! f1>A lOAfl vnliif* !
shall be taken; every land owner has j
certainly the right to demand his own '
price, the appraisement being registered
for information. It is possible
that private enterprise might carry
out this great public necessity, but
private enterprise strives for private .
profits, and rarely directly for the .
good of the general community. As
has already been shown, private enterprise
will tax the citizen of the
State for each employee twenty-five
or thirty dollars, and the immigrant,
i f
perhaps, iti proportion, and will, moreover,
never care whether the citizen
is truly served or the immigrant justly
dealt by. Private enterprise can
never get the confidence of the better
and really most desirable class
of immigrants, nor can it make public
acts to punish its own wrong, or to
indemnify those who have suffered.
Your committee arc deeply sensible
of the importance and value to us
of the right kind of European immigration,
and, above all, the small farmer.
For his recommendations will
bring after him artisans, mechanics,
laborers and domestic servants. Let
us, therefore, no longer ignore our
real good; let us make the proper
laws; let our lands be of reasonable
price, and our terms liberal; let our
conduct be patient, just, kind and
indulgent; let us afford them a secure
home, a free participation in our political
privileges and liberties, and
the facility of educating their children;
let us give their widows the
right of dower, and their children
the right of inheritance; and thus we
shall and must succeed in renewing
the prosperity of our State, and in
multiplying her resources and power.
Perpetual Congress.?The first . ';
step toward a popular despotism would
be the establishment of a perpetual
Congress. It would give that body
a. power that could scarcely have a
limit, and the Executive and Judiciary
Departments would become mere u..r
puppets iji the hands of Congress.. ,
The wisdom of the Fathers of the .
Republic in dividing the functions of
Government into three Departments,
is apparent to all who will examine' ^
the subject. This division was intended
to establish a set of checks and
balances that would secure justice to
all sections of the Union, and to all
classes of the people. As long as '3
these several branches remained true
to the Constitution and to the ancient ,'j
landmarks, there was no danger to .: r>o
the liberties of the people or to tho . ;V
integrity of the Union;-but, unfor- t
tunately, as we have asserted hereto
tore; the tendency of Republicanism
is greatly toward- anarchy and des- *'
potism, and we now find the popular
Department of the Government?Congress?overriding
the Constitution, . H
and asting at variance with the Executive
Department. . ' /* '"
Backed by the votes of the people :
oi' the North, that body seems disposed
to grasp at still greater power, .
and to take for itself a lease in perpetuity.
Fortunately, however, the
proposition docs not appear to meet
with general favor, "and it is not likely,
that it will-be adopted for the ^
present'-at least. It is to be hoped
that.calmer councils will prevail, and. \Radicalism
cease to be as radicallyRadical
as it has been. "v .s- .*
7 ' Daily Press.
i ?-<.?&?? - '?
The Internal Revenue Report.
?Mr. Rollins,the Commissioner of
Internal Revenue, reports that the
amount received by him in 1866, less
amounts refunded for the drawbacks, n
$310,381,140,04, being ninety-nine
millions and an odd beyond thereceipts .
of 1&65. This, . in face of soiiae reduction
in the rates of taxation since
last year, shows that the country has ...
been' very active. In regard to the^: .
subjects of taxation and the returns ?
unade. therc_arc some interesting facts.
-Lilt; LaAULiUii Vll UUI1A.O, UlYAUCUUD) VJ1- ? ?
culation, deposits, capital,&c., produ- * '
ces $7,641,161,77, being $1,386,918.78
less than the receipts from the
same source in 1865. Railroads
bring in about the same sum as in
1865. Insurance companies increase
a hundred thousand dollars or so.
Salaries of persons in the service of'
the United States increase the taxaation
from that source nearly a million
of dollars. Revenue stamp receipts
have increased nearly a million
of dollars. Licenses or special *
tax, increase five millions and a half.
The income tax is increased over forty
millions of dollars. Iron and
steel, notwithstanding a reduction
this year, yield considerably more
than a million and a quarter beyond
the total receipts from those articles
last year. Petroleum and coal oil- increase
two millions and a quarter,
Tlir> inmv>nso lmnn eirrnrs is not nnifa
"X'~ 1?2-v
four hundred thousond dollars.?
Chewing and smoking tobacco increase
three ' millions an<l three quarters:
Fermented liquors increase a million
and a half, and distilled spirits thirteen
milloins, notwithstanding the
widc-sprean evasions of the law.?
In regard to the estimated receipts
for the fiscal year, it must be remembered
that much of the increase re^
ported for 1866 was under the late
law, and there will be material reduc- T,
tions. Taking a full view of the subject,
the Commissioner estimates that
if there is no change in thelaw as it at
present stands, the receipts for 1867
will be $285,000,000.
Mr. Rollins makes some suggestions
as to amendments of the law.
One is that the returns upon incomes
and carriages, o-oldwatches.&c., men- .
" ~'"~~ "C3~'7 n / '
tioned in schedule A, shall be made
earlier than the present time, which
is the first Monday in May, in each
year. He recommends that butchers,
plumbers and gas-fitters shall bo
assessed on their sales the same as
dealers. He also recommends that
the exemptions,-of incomes liable to
tax shall be increased from $000 to
$1,000 with a like exemption to officers
of the United States Government
who pay a tax on salaries.
The Postmaster-General's report
shows that the liabilities for mail service
in the Southern States for the '
year ending June 80 last were only
?75,383 in excess of the net revenue ) y
for postage in that section.