Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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(WSTO^lLL, "^ The following in the. hiil which ha* pa aejjp onr General Af<emhlv. *"h?T?- T??*iii|? hut twelve votes against it in the House, Hnd three.iti tie Senate: -Vv t ' A (till to provide for the appointment of den 1 tni*? t? a.Southern emigres*. and to call n Veotioo of the |?enp|e of the State. Whereas, the Gonventiwrnf' the slaveho.U- i ing States lately assembled at Nashville, have i recommended fo the said State to m^et in Con- | gress ?r Convention, to lu> held at Mich time and ! place a* the Stales desiring to he represented | Hi ay designate; to l*e romix^etl of double the i niimhpr of their Senators and Representatives | in the Congress oft :e United States, entrusted j with (till power and authority to deliberate, \ wjtb the view and intention of arresting further 1 aggressions, and if possible, ot restoring the constitutional rights of the South, and it not, to re. commend w>me provision for their future safety and independence. See. 1. Bo ii enacted hvihc Senate and Housp of Representatives now inoi and sitting in Gen. eral Assembly, and by the authoriiy of the same, That eighteen rieputiesshall be appointor) it* the manner hereinafter provided, who are hereby authorized, as deputies froin the State, to tme: j such deputies as may be appoinii-d and nutlior- | ized by any other slaveholder; Slate in Con- ! gre?s or convention as above recommended and j to join with them in discussing and devising j such measures, as in their opinion may be ude. i quale to obtain the objects proposed by the *uid j Convention at Na?hvilK and in reporting such j measures to the said several slaveholding States, i as when agreed to and fully confirmed .by them, j or any of them, will effectually provide for the ; same. Sec. II. Four of the paid deputies shall he elected by joint ballot of the General Assembly at its present sesion, and the qualified voters in each Congressional District in this State shall elect two, at such time as is hereinafter prescri bed. Sec. III. The Gorernnr of this State shall issue writs of election to the Managers of EU ection, requiring them to holdelection* in their respective Congressional Districts on the second Monday in October next, and the day following for two deputies to ihn said Congress in each j. J.L. .?:,i ai0.,o??rM Congressional aixinci; mm u??- ?mu Khali lliereupon aijveriize and hold such election*, and make due return thereof to the Gov ei?or. Sec. IV. That the Governor shall duly com mission all the said deputies, so to -he elected by the General Assembly and by the people; and shall, in concert with the Governors or other proper authorities of other States joining in such Congress, appoint the time and place ol meeting, and.givedue notice thereof; and nn? of the deputies on-the part of this State, who may attend at sacb time and place, shall have full power to represent the Slate, as hereinbefore pre?cril>ed. Sec. V. And he it further enacted by the authority aforesaid. That a Convention of the - I i people oi ine oiaie ui ouum ^nimun ? ....... by ordained lo lie assembled in the town of Columbia, as here inafterf provided, for (be purpose, in the fir.t place, of taking into consideration the proceeding* and recommendation of a Congress ol the slaveboiding States, if the snine shall meet'and he held; and for the further purpose of faking info consideration the general welfare of this State in view of her relations to the laws and Government of the U. States, and thereupon, In take care that the Commonwealth of South Carolina shall suffer no detriment. See. F7. And fie it further euacfed by the antborify aforesaid, That on the second Monday in February next, and on the day following, the managers of elections for the several Districts in thin Slate shall, after giving public notice, as in cases of elections of Members of the LegMature, open the polls and hold elections in their respective [>istriots for Delegates to the said Convention, in all respects in the same manner and from at the same places, a< elections are ' now conducted for .Members of the Legislature. AndalJ persons who are qualified, and entitled, bjr the Constitution and l*w* nt this State, to rote, for Members of the Legislature, shall b.? qualified and entitled to vote for sard Delegates to said Convention; and in case of any vacancy occurring tiy death, resignation, removal irom (be State, or refusal to nerve, of any pen-on elected a Delegate to the raid Convention, the presiding officer of the said Convention shall issue his writ authorizing and requiring the managers of elections, in the districts in which such vacancy tnav have occurred, after giving due notice thereof, to open a poll and hold an election to fill such vacancy, as in cases fur the election of merolters of the Legislature. Sec. VII. And he it further enacted by ihe authority aforesaid. That each (election district throughout I ho State shall he entitled to elect and send to the said Convention, a number of delegates equal to the whole number of Senators and Representatives which such District is now entitled to send to the Legislature; and the delegates to the said Convention shall be entitled to the same freedom of arrest in going ??. r?fiirnin<r from, and whilst in attendance on said Convention, as is extended to the Mem bers of the Legislature. Sec. VIII. And lie it further eoactpd by the authority aforesaid, That ail free white male citizens of this State, of the age of twentv.one year* and upwards, shall lie eligible to a seat in said Convention. Sec. IX. And be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid. That the Governor be and is hereby requested, forthwith, after the pas sage of this Act, to communicate nn authentic copy of the same to the Executives of each of the slaveholdinz States of the Union, and to urge upon the said authorities, in such manner as he may deem best, the desire of the S'ate of South Carolina that the said slaveho ding States do send, duly commtssionen. uepum-*, m meei the deputi??? herein provided to he elected, at ^the city of Montgomery, in the S'ate of AlaThama, on the 2nd day of January, Anno Domisi, 1952. See. X. And he it fnrthor enacted, by the authority aforesaid, That it shall he the duty of his Excellency, the Governor of the State, hy his Proclamation, to call said Convention, and appoint the time for the meelitie, thereof, whenefer at any period, before the next session of this General Assembly, the conjuncture of a ! Suuihrrn C?ngre?*, coiitonijilsh'd in 'hR/purA V* '$*!%&*$ bapjW^ i d*<l iwrt iurCaVt* "tfcie Gov?*r?nr ifilh'trpt iutreni>?!* the Convention RBlet'mrjto l$e- next session ??jf I h *? L.?*j^lEitiTp'.!hieriffrnI AWernHly, ?bafl ' v ft iiinjorii v of rote*, fii the time fur the meet, ig of mid Convention. ? A BILL TO PROVIDE Fbft THE JDE. FENCE OF THE .STATE.. I. Be it enacted by the. Senate aud House of Representatives now met. and, sitting.in General Assembly, and by the authority of the same, That a Board of Ordnance be, and is hereby established, to consist of the Adjutant and Inspector General and five other persons, to be appointed by the Governor, and that the Governor be cx-offieio President of said Board.? And it shall be the duty of the said Board to examine the condition of alljordinance, ammunition, small arms, ordnance stores, gun carri? - 1 * oLalta At/* ages, ami oiuer equipments, tuuia, oust*.-., ? belonging to the State; and for this purpose, they shall have power to call upon all officers of the State, who have such matters in charge, for reports on the condition, location, dec. of such articles, and the said Board shall have tccess to the arsenals, magazines, &c. of the State at such times as they shall deem proper. II. And be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid, That the said Board shall take the proper means for the preservation of the articles before named, and for the storage and other disposal of them. All purchases of ordinance, Arc. and other munitions of war, for the use of the State, shall be made under the direc Hon of trie sara uoara. - ? ->? ? III. And be it further enacted by the aufhojM ity aforesaid, That the said Board shall be authorized to engage a fit and competent ordnance officer, who shall open an Ordnance Bureau, inspect all arms and ordnance purchased by the direction of the Board, to organize an Ordnance-, Department, and to perform all such other duties as may be designated by the said Board, and the said officer shall have the rank ofC'olonel of Artillery, with aaalary oftwo thousand dollars per annum. I; IV. And be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid, That the said Board shall make to the Legislature, at each session, a report of their proceedings, in either a public or private communication, as may seem to them most expedient for the public sendee. V. And be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid, That the said Board be, and are lim-ohv anthArired trt emnlov a scientific and "v,% *"V *" ^?i competent military engineer, who shall, as soon as possible, make an examination of the coast of this State, with a view to the defence of the same, and make a report, or reports to the saidt Board, as to the points which may need defence, with plans for the same. VI. And be it farther enacted by the authority aforesaid, That the act of the General Assembly, entitled "An act to abolish Bridage Encampments," passed on the eighteenth day of December, in the year of Qur Lord one thousand eight hundred aud forty-si*, repealing -'all sections and clauses relating to Brigade Encampments" be, and the same is hereby repealed ; and that^each and every clause of an act entitled "An act reducing all acts and clauses of acts in relation to the militia of this State to one act, and to alter and amend the same," re - p luting to inosuoject 01 Dngauu jujiicaiiij/uicum, passed on the seoenteenth-dav of December, in the year of our Lord one thonsand eight hundred and forty-one, be and the same is hereby revived. Provided, that the Brigado Encampments (herein provided for, 6nall l.e held once in each year, instead of once in two years. VII. And be it further euacted by the authority aforesaid, That in addition to the officers required to attend said Brigade Encampments, the Sergeants of each company and the noncommissioned regiment staff officers are hereby required to attend the said Encampments, for the purpose of receiving military instruction; and for oon-attendanco'at the same shall be liable to be fined each in the sum of fifteen dollars. And it shall be the duty of the Quartermaster General to supply such non-commissioned officer with arms and equipments required by law to be furnished to commissioned officers -i?tL.,:. RpirroHn Enenmn- I UUI UJg lliuil aiit-nuaiiwv <tv 1M .^w?.w mcnts. And it shall be the further duty of the Quartermaster General to furnish And provide at each Brigade Encampment, two light pieces of field artillery, with twenty-four rounds of blank cartridge, and other requisites for the exercise of troops in artillery tactics and service. Tns Supply BiLL-**.The bill 10 raise supplies for the ensuing year, reported by the Committee of Way* and Mean*, provides that on all granted land* the tax shall be 50 cent* on the $100 ; on Catawba Jandg, one half per rent perarre;on slaves, 85 cent* per head; Free Negroes, Mnlattoe* and Mestizoes. $2; on lot*, lands and buildings on towns and village*, 37 1-2 rents per 8100; in Factorage, Commissions, Professional Income*, 90 cent* per $100; on merchandise of transient traders, ?percent; on exhibitions, plays, die. $20 per day. Good* imported directly from Europe, in ve**el* own11 <-o .i i?? t_:l_ ,L_ pfl (iy cmzens 01 anuiu taniiinn, wnuo in mr hands of the original importer, In be exempt | from taxaiion ; and in taxing motorics the value j of the machinery shall not he included in the assessment.?Char. Mercury. A Fact for Farmers.?Dr. R. T. Baldwin ha6 recently made public the result of several years investigations and experiments upon manures, and the various ways of fertilizing the soil. He states that the best and speediest way to fertilizing any soil, is to cover it over with straw, bushes or any raw material, so as com4 a altn/4 a ?4 'Dli a en i?fn n n a f 4U a aam4U piCVClj vu oimuc iu m no ouuatu ui iue Cdiui thus being made cool, dark, damp and close, soon undergoes a chemical proces? like putrefaction, and becomes highly fertilized. This plan of fertilizing, he says, may be applied with success to any soil whatever, no matter how poor, and the result will be astonishing. Proposition to Increase tltr. Army.?General Winfield Scott's report on the army is published in the Intelligencer. He recommends the organization of two additional regiments of horse dragoons or mounted riflemen, and an increase of mft ntr/. He deems this increase indispensable for the protoclnn of the frontiers. JIllUU.I.IlLJ^ft^-^?-}??J. TUESDAY%^PSNItfG, DECEMBER 2V i860 .' . I QHBIBTMA& We will hbtiiWUebaf piper on Friday, as our detiU.tWf they.want to fire crackers and eat pudding. VVell, we suppose our readers vjll be.enen^aged (at least some of them) in like manner, and will not miss the visit of the Journal. We shall, however, endeavor to collect all the news which we can, by our next isstie. It is so seldom that we omit a publication, that we feel desirou/ ol apologizing, but we were always feeble in/fiat department 4 | / nmntiwau iuui^uiuvii We sa w in the shop of Mr. Alexander, the other day, a Pot, dug'from the large mound two miles from herp. It is quite large. We understand that there were ttfo taken hp?the other larger than this. The mound, we Understand, is about sixty feet high, and near three hundred yards in circumference. The question naturally arises, who made these mounds ? They pre scattered over our country, and if you ask the Indian nrho made them, his answer is, they were here before ue. Where are they who built them, and for what purpose were they, made? are questions written iu the forgotten history of the past. Centuries have rolled j round since the aboriginees first came to this j land. How many .centuries we know not, but i when first they came, these monuments of a na- j tion, whose history had even passed away, met! thpir view. Were thev here before the flood?? | Had they too, a Noah and a big canne, as their legends speak? And are the Indians, whom the pale faces found here, the descendants of the Ameri# can Noah? Or, were they destroyed in the deluge, and the Indians the result of emigration? Who can tell ? Mighty as that deluge was, sweeping away, as it did, the vast mass of humanity, which thronged perhaps their splendid cities?it could not obliterate these'monuments of a hidden world. For what were they used ? were they worshippers in high places, and thronged they in deep devo- | lion the lofty summit of these elevated places as j theysent'up their orisons to the great spirit? or! were they watch towers, upon which were kindled ; the beacon fires to warn their tribe of the approaching foe ? Or were there astronomers even then, who watched in the grand and stilly night, the wanderjng Pleaides, as they traced their gilded pathway across the sky?and marked the size of Arcturus in his bespangled seat. We intend at the first suitable opportunity to visit these antedeluviau monuments, and as soon as we solve the above questions we will lay the answers before our readers i . j - > O" L,ast night some mischievous boys (we presume) threw some crackers into the fire, at the TYonni 4?r) friarhtonpfl annniher nf herses. caus- ! ^ , ing them to runoff* with the carriages attached, breaking the vehicles, crippling negroes,&c. Now we very'deferentially suggest to the Hon. Council the prooriety, at their next meeting, of omitting their uHial proceedings against cock fighting, (al- j though ?re don't patronize that sport,) and reme- j dy the nuisances of the above order; and also the i Boys who on Sunday occupy themselves in moving the ;>ars on the track, thereby causing the cars to tun off. All of which is respectfully submitted, &c. Fugitive Slave BilL If there is one thing more than another, that wakes our supreme disgust, it is the noise some are mating relative to the Fugitive Slave Bill.? "It you repeal that," they say, ''then we will dissolve the Union." Alas! for such I threat After tamel v yielding- to all the wrongs already heaped *1"? *1-? nolaflnw in ilio orrfint nf upuii liirm, mrjr kiiw vi jipioiiu^ m mju km..? v. the repeal of that Bill. As we have before Raid, if they resist not under present circumstances, they would not, though they were kicked into submission. Deputies to the Southern Congress. The following gentlemen were on Friday last, elected by the Legislature, members of the Southern Congress: Langdon Cheves, R. W,...Barnwell, John P. Richardson, Wade Hampton. Advance in Cotton. Thn ofpamahin Africa, which arrived at New York on-the iJOth inst, brings advicpsof an advance in Ihe Liverpool cottou market. Middling and lower qdalities had advanced $ a i, and Fair Uplands and Orleans ?d. The National Convention. Gov. Floyd, of Va., has recommended to the Legislature of that State to recommend to the other States, North and' South, a National Convention, to meet at Baltimore. We expected better things from Gov. Floyd, and of the old Dominion. The idea of the nullification of the Fugitive Slave Law, by Vermont, calling up a National Convention, in winch Mississippi would meet Vermont, South Carolina, Massachusetts, &c. to reconcile .1 1 n me Biaverj i|uuouuu. *w 10 ou^iuij uuiuuiuun. We have had too many National Conventions already for the South; and this, like all the rest, would result in a President nominating caucus. If Virginia is still desirous of fraternizing with the delectable North, why let her go and bury her patriotism over the Potomac just opposite Mt. Vernon, and 011 the monument inscribe u He fought to gain our Liberties, but here we bury the last vestage of the spirit he left us, and hereafter own ii?: w v:_ Uui aucgiaui/C iu jauivcuiom. u uu iiu^c fitginia will not recommend any such convention. Why not recommend the Legislature to send delegates to the Southern Congress instead of s National Convention, to compromise away even our few remaining rights. Correspondence of the Cuaden Journal. Culloma, California, Oct 15, 1950. Messrs. Warren Sf Price?fa accordance with your request, on my leaviug for California, 1 now' proceed to drop you a line, after hating spent tome sewn mdhtfis in the mines. r i [ 1 fear fr' thatil'alkyery far short of giving that I satisfaction, ofcitiiatfcind of inloruuUiou that pill i pr o vesn t i s t'nctory to all parties, or especially | those contemplating a visit to tliu fat-fonied I shall however, confwie myself strictly to facts, as I know them from practical experience, and not write hearsays as facts, as nine-tenths of those who .write most about the mines of California Infve never been in them at all; ami all they know is what has been told t beat-in the cities, which is the bend quarters of ail the news Hers from all the mines; and news, espegold stories, magnify in pr<q.?ortion to the ce it travels from the starting point to head quarters?and is there handed over to these said letter writers to la? prepared for the States and other markets as food to be swallowed by all the hungry hunters ufter gold. California is a ureal country, or at least I think so. I find it just about ail tliat I.expected, except hi one particular, that is the success of the miners is not so general as I had reasons to believe it would be, nor half eo much so as it is daily being represented in the public prints. There is a great deal of lottery in mining, even in California, -where I believe there are Ions and tons of gold, ;ind will not be dag out for centuries and centuries to come?the raining done in California up to this time, I look upon as nothing more than scratching, cooipared to what may reasonably be expected it*,, a Jew .years, though one would think at the firstglance that the gold is pretty well dug out; for the country is completely overrun with miners and every holo and corner has been ransacked and prospected* and every place where gold is easily lound is pretty well dug over, or would appear so to the casual observer; yet there must be a home where this millions of gold (that is , scattered all over the face of the whole country) come from, and when tilings get settled down to something like stability, mining will i bo carried on regularly and systematically.? j The leads or veins running through the mouu-1 tains will be searched out and followed through by tunnels, as it is done ia all countries wbere extensive mining operations are carried on, And ( I nresume the vorlit ennnnf rirndnee no wirle A ! field in any other country as California. Mi- j ning, I think, in a few years will be conducted very different from what it is at present. Large companies will be formed with heavy capital, who will Employ any quantity of hands, superintended by regular.and practical miners, and the business will be conducted as it should be, and, as it must be, to make it generally profitable. The present mode of mining is subject to so many drawbacks, (and it could not be different under the present state of the country and existing circumstances) makes it very uncertain whether or not the miner afterj weeks .and j mAntKa nf in^uireqitf tnil nf Inilfl t gets a dollar for his labour, while others, appa- j rently with ease, and at first under more unfa- j vorable circumstances, take out their thousands . iu a very short time?the greatest booby gump- ! head is just as apt aud more so, some think, to j strike the big -piles, as men of the best sense and practical experience. . This season has been, by fat, the most unfavorable for mining since the discovery of the gold. Such an overwhelming quantity of snow fell in the mountains during last winter that It did not melt off so as for the rivers and large streams to fall sufficiently low for mining operations till the first of August. Hundreds and thousands of men having waded through the snow (iu the months oi'February and March) up to their waist, and in many instances carrying their provisions and tools on their backs, in order to make claims on the most favorable spots along the rivers, and then lie there in camp on the bank of the river to watch the claim until such time as the water would get low enough for operations. Some commenced work in July, digging canuls and making cams to turn tlio water off the present channel in ordor to work in the head of the original stream, this kind of operation, has been done at every point that was practicable ou alt the livers where gold is found, this you will perceive is the heaviest kind of iabor, and a great portion of it in the water, melted snow, almost as cold as ice, with a July or August sun beaming down on your head, and in hundreds of cases after the labor is all done, the work cpmpleted, the season nearly goue by, the company goes in, make thorough search,, dig as low as they can go, in glowing spirits, expecting every minute to light on a big pile, but lo tho yellow shining metal that seems to have set the world crazy is not there; crestfallen, broken in spirits and purse too, in many instances largely in debt, AfAsllt All tli/l frtllk rtf lllOlP mn ni?j ui/uuucu i/irum un miv iimmi v? *uVw ? ?? cluiin, that has ju$t proved a :otal failure?they are forced to leave, shoulder up their tools, lash them on their backs together with (heir provisions and blankets, and now, the. question is, where shall we go ? though in the first place this hill, or mountain, if you please, that stares us in the face, about Uco miles higb> and sorter like the Indians tree, so Btraight up^it leans a little over, is to be mounted first, after which we will consult and come to some conclusion what diggings we will go to, where at least we can make enough to keep soul and body together?and now the season is.goi^ the winter and rainy season is coming on, provisions are rising, and wo have made nothing, not enough to lay in our winter's supply of provis-1 ions?and consequently must depend on, and run the risk of working between showers, and what few dry days may chance to come during the rainy season, iu.some dry diggings, and do the best we can, to keep from dying from starvation. Now Sir, you have a true picture of the failare of California mining Companies, equally applicable to individuals. 1 have l>een induced to draw this picture from the fact that all the writers for publication, from this country, inva-. riably tell big stories about the successful mi J i "J- - tr | ners, ana very beiuo.u, 11 ever, uieiiuuu uuc ! word about the unsuccessful party, which unfortunately is by far, and very far, the largest majority; and the picture 1 have drawn is not done for the sake of contrast, but literally true every word of it, for as I said in the outset I give nothing but facts, and what I know to be To Prospect, is a term used by miners in soarch-| ingfor gold; to go Prospecting, is hunting after new diggings. Utoe feoth my own practical knowledge and observation. A few more words on the unfavorable season} for,'#wonder to the world, and unheard of ta th?/ftstorv of California. We had quite a full of rain ou the l(Jth Sept., not however do- > ing very great damage to mining operations, but about the 15th of the same month we had very heavy rains and snow ou the mountains, swelling tne rivers, some of them 40 of iXI feet, sweepiug oti' da u?s, wooden and canvass uequiducts, canals, <kc., that had been constructed at immense labor and expense, thus iu a few hours blasting the hopes und prospects of hundreds and thousands of men, who had spent the whole season in the construction, besides thou sands ot dollars in cosh, and in many instance* largely in debt, to merchants for provisions and mining tools?of coarse many, and very many,' would have proved failures any how, bat to be thus cut off, at or nearly at .the close- of the season, without means of supprt, and kept hi suspense, uot knowing whether there is gold in the claim or not, and uo menus to enable them to ly by and retain the claim, ia almost more than human nature can bear, and more than they do bear in some instances,for cases, of suicide are not at all uufrequent. In some instances, the wators having gone down, tue dams have been rebuilt?some few are now takiug out their thousands of dollars daily, while the _ large majority have proved total lailoit!* and the ruin of those engaged in thenfe . - " i Thoogb nptwithsUxndiug all these drawbacks there will be more gold taken out tins than has been any previous season, but it most be borne in mind that, thrt numhor nmruirpil in tlin iniiiAa is treble if not quadruple that of any previous season, it is astonishing to see the number that crossed the plains tnis season from the western States, and i do not supjiose that I saw the one hundredth part, for 1 have beeu on bnt one roate, or at the end of one route, and it rather detached, and there are several others branching o1f before they get id; hundreds of them landing, or coming in without one cent, carry on their backs wnat little clothing they have, together with their blankets?make op their stocK of this world's goods; and these too in many instances are persons who have lived comfortable in the States, and were comforta bly situated, but sacrificed all, or turned it into the means of transporting them across the plains in which they generally loose all, having a hard scuffle to get tneir own person through. Siek and diseased from the quantity of mkali that they have been compelled to driuk while crossing the desert, as all the water they can get in many places is strongly impregnated with it; so much so that it kills olf the stock as soon as they drink it, and the poor emigrant i3 forced to make tiie balance of his journey ort foot, with whatever he is able to pack oil his back. California 1 think one of the most pure and healthy climates in the world. Late in the summer, in some places, the water becomes very bad, aud consequently disease follows the continued use of it, as in many places they are compelled to do, as it becomes scarce and they / are compelled co use sacu us cne v cnu get The agricultural resources of California, I consider very limited, though small grain of a very early growth may be raised in some portions of the' country; but other crops that Sro planted in the spring and require nearly the whole season to wnture, cannot lie raised at all except ou the margin of rivers and otlier water courses where they can turn the water on the land so as to irrigate that portion cultivated, as no summer crop can lie produced without irrigation, for in the dry season there is not even a drop of dew at night, in favorable locations where they have cultivated and irrigated their crops correctly, they have raised some of the finest vegetables 1 have ever seen in any country, and of every variety. Some portions of the country is finely timbered, generally-pretty high up in the mountains is the finest timber. I have seen anv auantitv of nine, spruce, and fir * f - (rets, from 0 to 10 feet in diameter, looming up as straight us cn arrow, and not a limb or knot for 150 feet. 1 am told that on the SieraNevadia mountains and in Oregon the timber is much larger The markets of California, especially the provision market, is and must necessarily always be, at times, very fluctuating, for 1 do not think that the agricultural portion of it can produce a sufficiency to supply the demand, consequently must be dependent iii a greater or less degree on foreigh markets for .... . ? these supplies. The Society of California is VC17 much mixed, with all classes, nations, and as a natural consequence, a great number uo letter than they should be. Gambling takes the lead of every thing, and the most professed aud notorious blacklegs, are the first men of the country; -' -IT it*. --TilI ? "ITinnr) aoam trt kni'ii Uiej liU au puiiliv umtvoj mm WVIU uu.v the entire sway in all public matters, at least, it is the case in this county, and I have good reasons to believe tbat El-Dorado is no worse in that respect than any othe^ county in California ;"Fn fact ! am credibly informed tbat it is notoriously the case throughout the country.? Judge's Clerk's Sheriff's Laicyer's and all, regularly attend the faro bankand montee tables openly, without shame or restraint, for hero f there is no such thing as restraint on any tiling. Men who were respectable members of society, and stood high in the States, do things here, that they would sooner have had a hand severed from their body, than have done at home, and would sooner be dead now, than have their friends at home know how they conduct themselves here. Strange and blind infatuation; for their friends are just as sure to know it, as they live, It seems that some people think that in California they are out of the world. and nothing will be known of them a* home, . except what they themselves communicate, and > they will return when they get ready, to theirfamilies and Iriends and take the same stand and positioi- in society they originally occupied^ I would for the sake of their ' friends, that it could be so, but I fear iu many instaoefts it will be very diferent. Here is a very, wide field, for your anti-gamblers and Fathers and Sans ^!- L.lt _:n ...L.i of Temperance to operate m, mi* ww ?u.n success, would take more of a yankee than I am to guess. , ' . ^ The Commercial and basinets departments of this Country requiring enterprise and eapital are now-aiauming a healthy, steady, and profit,-k . bit posits, awl ae Jong .?^1ofeaWuo end capital stick to their business, and let atone