Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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PROCLAMATION, 11V ; !?> AXT!!0>YGlTlTStAS, GOVERNOR OF THE M'ATB.OF VISSHSIl'I'I. ]V!o'r,-fiv% the people of .Vib?is:ippi have repeatedly, in the public meetings, in popular conventions, and l\v Legislativ e resolves, claimed and assorted their equality of right with the ether States of this Union, in and to the free use and enjoyment of the territory belonging in common to these United States; and have frequently and publicly declared their fixed determination, at all hazards, to maintain those rights, so essential to their freedom and equaliity. * 1 7 1 4 4~ ~ F llw Arm vitrrc is, uy levvni m is in v....v , ?- * " ..I people < :' Mississippi, in common with the citi- i zens of nil the slaveholding States, have been | virtually excluded from their just rights, in the greater portion, if not all, of the vast and rich territories acquired from Mexico in the late war; and thus, by unjust and insulting discriminations, the advantages and benefits of the Federal Union, have been denied to them. An I irhrrcti.s, the abolition, by Congress, < f the slave trade in the District of Columbia, and otber acts of Federal Government, done and threatened, leave no reasonable hope that the aggros-ions upon the rights of the people of the sl iveholding States will cease, until, by direct, or indirect, means, their domestic institutions are over thrown : Now, therefore, that the pr tpor authorities of the State may be enabled to take into consideration the alarming state of ?. .. .1.;;., Mtnl ii' tiosi?i!i!t*_ avert the uur j'u'Mit- cinuii?? .. ..,?? , evils which impend over us ; that the State may lie placed in an attitude to assert her sovereignty, anil that the means may he provided to meet any and every emergency which may happen : i, John A. Quitman, Governor of the State of .Mississippi, exercising the powers in me vested hy the^Bbustitution, do hereby convene the Legislature of ti.'is State, and do appoint .Monday, the eighteenth day of November next, for the meeting ot both Houses of the Legislature TimLfnn tiio sunt of irovern* ell (I1U ?5? l'UV?WVII) ?"V Q iiient of tliii State. In testimony whereof, I have liereunto set my hand ami caused the ^reat seal of the State t<> he affixed, at the city of Jackson, the *20th of September, A. I). 1850, s?id of the sovereignty of Mississippi, the thirty-fourth. Hy the Governor: J ?>. IJni.L, Secretarv of State. J. A. QUITMAX. CONGRESS. The first session of the thirty-first Congress ends to-day, at twelve o'clock, M. Ii is the longest session over held. It has passod fewer acts than any other, but has done more mischief than all the others* put together. It has confiscated the rights of one section of the Inion, to a vast and valuable territory, and transferred it to the others: and has thereby aggravated a sectional hostility, which perhaps never can be allayed. It has done this under the false pretence of compromise and conciliation: and in less than one month after the deed was done, the tidings ofiucreased agitation and discontent have readied the Capitol -from tlie North and ihe South, in tones lhatappal the perpetrator* of (lie wrong. The dominant part of the dominant party of the Kin pi re State of the Norths having seen the fhdliiv with which plunder can be obtained by i ulininp _i??d n viile i* iniliirnant that more was not demanded, and cries aloud for more. An overwhelming majority of nearly two to one of the Svraeause Convention of the Whig party of the State of New York, has assorted the doctrines of that Senator who has led the vanguard of the Northern agression in the late contest. Massachusetts, the leading State of new Eugland.is also clamoring for more, and hasnmr two Sen.it.?rsto follow wherever Skvvard will lead. Oiiio. he loading State of the North-west, also has now two Senators, one of each party, both of whom insist on the immediate conversion of New Mexico into a free-soil Slate?that territory i ito which the the South has been mocked with a nominal privilege of admission. out whilst this notice of renewed and aggravated agitation comes from the North, we have still more serious and emphatic movements from thcSoulh. Patriots and Stalcsinetiof the South who have optjnsed these aggressions from the beginning, and warned their countrymen that liberty was not the price of apathy, nor the abandonment of half the rights of a people the best mode of defending tae other half, arc at i ?n i i .....i i i. i 1 I'll?4 1 #l IJVil ' U UIIU IIVC\H'U. The States of the South are moving. Georgia i; gathering her people ia solemn council. Tin- ! '.ti-i.i^ne of uksiv-ippi will be convened bv i'roel iMttiou. That of Texas convenes al the same time. So that in sixty days four Southern States will be prepared to determine the most momentous questions that can be considered by a civilized people. Alabama, Arkai isas, and Florida. have the same interests and the same sentiments, and v iil speak tiie same language, and that promptly. This tnak?? seven States, and is half the real SouthK m r;m d'ejlif ln? v the ?>t .ilt V . ! . i" e f* ; ! . iii ' jjr i if ' . f , M'! di-e it , '.ort', v i ' ' . -j t!i . . *.? . ( . eu: ' ; -i- i.? \ .. ... t v Co , . op i ued at this single session sixty millions of money, and more than a hundred millions in land, besides the transfer of an immense territory, from one section to another. Is this the sort of Government we contracted for? We defy the production of a single passage in history, where Parliament or Potentate ever exercised a powers so unlimited, so despotic, so oppressive, so disastrous. ?Southern l'rr.ss. The Mobile Tribune quotes one of the brief and fervid articles of the Columbus (Ga.) Times, and in some comments on it, lets fall the follow inj* remarks. In South Corolina everything seems quiet. >? e ooserve lew expressions 01 inuignauon in the papers;- few indications that anything new or offensive to its people has occurred, either in Congress or out of it. What this singular stale of apparent apathy means is more than we can tell. It may he the omniotis calm which precedes and ushers in the storm. Perhaps we ought not to be surprised that I the Kiperficial quietude of South Carolina I alimtlrl tnlfr>n fnrnnnthv. .ita distance. Bllt the Tribune should remember that our people are nil of one mind on the groat point of South| ern Rights. Of the newspapers of the State, we recollect hut one that has not maintained the necessity of resisting the fastening of Northern supremacy upon us. The whole matter has been so discussed and sifted, and we have arrived with such unanimity to the same general conclusions, that we are weary of further treating it as a matter cither of exposition or of exhortation. Wo need no argument we understand it. We need no impassioned appeals- we are ready to act. Here is tiie whole secret of the quietude of South Carolina. But in a quiet way, some practical steps have been taken. In nearly all the Districts, Southern Rights Associations have already been formed, and these Associations will soon i-oiit.-iiii Dii enrolment nn organization of the ---r - - --- o whole poojile of the State, The Tribune will also sue in this morning's Mercury tiie pledge signed by the planters of I'lincc William's Parish, which lias an exceedingly practical significance, it follows a like move in St. Itelena Parish; and we are glad to state in this connection, that the planters of (leoigetown, the richest Rice district of the State, have already acted upon a similiar agreement, and deserve the credit of taking the lead in the nioveni^:.tin bullish Northern vessels from our coast injj trade.?(Jfur. Mercury. Southern Cotton Manufactures.?The fact that the South can successfully compete with the North in cotton manufactures is now almost universally allowed. The manufacture) in New England himself must see the superior advantages enjoyed hy the Southern manufacturer, in having the raw material at hand, a id the vast difference in first cost of the article, in favor of the latter. Manufacturing sites c m be obtained at the South by the side of thi cotton field. There is no deficiency of capital, as is abundantly testified by the amount vested in works ot internal improvements, stocks and in every way where it is supposed that a safe and profitable investment may be made. There is no want of skill or enterprise among Southern men, and the only remaining item? an industii.il class to he employed in the manufacturing establishments?is abundant, and has been proven i:i the cases of several manufactories already in operation at the South, to be most efficient.. The production of cotton goods is almost entirely by machinery. The looms in many cases are attended to by mere children, and even negroes are found to bo almost, if not entirely, as available in these es tablishments as wi lie wuorers. Had the South engaged in the manufacture of cotton at the same time tlmt the New Engl:ind States did, we have no doubt the manufacturers, in the Inst mentioned quarter, would long ere this h ive been compelled to withdraw from the field of competition, or, at nil events, confined themselves to the productions of the finer qualities of goods. It is within the recollection of us all, when the first cotton manufactory was established in the South, and oven now, we have one quarter as many as in all the Eastern States. The progress of Southern manufactures has gone on with hut lit tie noise, but still steadily and rapidly. It is estimated that there are 175,009 spindles now running in the cotton Strifes, ro jn ring not less tii.m 100 000 hales, or about onefourth of the consu option of New England In IS 19, the four States of Tennessee. Alabama, South Carolina and Georgia, had 1)4 factories ?which number has been much increased within the present year. Taking all the Southern St:ttes into account, North Carotin i having 20 manufactories, and Virginia, Florida and Mississippi each a small number, the sum total may reaso i.-tlilv be put down at from 140 to 150. It is a grati viug fact, that among all the Southern States, Georgia stands foremost in number of cotton manufacturing establishments. Within a few years, more than 40 factories have been erected within hc*r borders, at #a cost of oiitMuil ioM and a half of dollars. About fifty thousand b iles are now annually consumed in those establishments, affording profitable employment to a large number of industrious ope rat ires The manufactories, most of them experiments, and built at greater expense than will hereafter be the ease, are found to be exceedingly profitable?the dividends, in most instances, being from *J() to HO per cent. Capitalists in the South have every thing to o icourage them to undert ike the erection of cotton mills. The successful operation of those already established, and the profit arising from this source, are no longer matters of doubt. The effect tliey have upon the general prosperity of the section i:i which they are erected is fo!t in the the unusual slimilus they give to home enterprises of every description Agricultural products are in greater demand, and very species oflabor is re'piired at inc-easod I',, nrie > o ' if ?'l ion \vi 1 ill ti.*M'; ht ssutu'ti .,r it :.) ,.i it! t'.iu j ? a Linen in ... I r>n /i ' ! * ; ! employed in its ma nu fact. ire. ; r . * \ H * , w.1.3. .1 / A Snakk Story.? The Charleston (Va ) Free Press relates the following singular cireinnxtanct. : A negro nt Pinwiddee county came to his death, a short time since, in the following singolar manner : He was sent into a field on an errand and not returning as soon as expected, search was made, and he was found lying on the ground nearly dead, his eyes strained Irnm their sockets and exhibiting the appearance of strangulation. On approaching nearer, it was discovered that a l.tige snake had crawled down his throat, j They attempted to draw out the snake by the tail, which extended a fcxv inches nut of the negro's month, hut it drew it in too, nnd the negro i died at the instant. It is suposed that he lay down on the ground and fell asleep, and the snake finding an entrance in the open mnuth of he negro, crawled down his throat, thereby causing its own and the npgro's death. CAMDEN. S. C. TUESDAY EVENING, OCTOBER 8,1850. Return Days. For Kershaw, Saturday, Oct. 19. i Sumter, " ' 25. Lancaster, " Aov. 2. Court is held two weeks in Sumter, i p8T We understand that aij impression has | gone abroad that the late brake down on our Rail- < road lias had the effect of reducing the price of j cotton and other produce and raising the price of j 1 Goods in this market. Wo take this occasion to ; say this is a mistake, without the coloring of truth. ] The very highest prices will yet be paid for cotton i and other produce, as will be sppii by reference to j our Prices Current. Our merchants have heavy i stocks of Goods, and are determined to sell them upon reasonable terms. Arrangements will be j made by the President of the Railroad, with as I i*..1 ~ j _ . -?:u? r... <i.? 1 I llllltf U'Mil V fit* Jtur^iuic^ iui iiiv llCIl V v-l y ai uic vauj d i) Depot of ail goods for which receipts have been given. Mail Arrangements. A FOUR HORSE STAGE for the conveyance 1 of the Mails and Passengers has commenced run- < ning between this place and Columbia, to contin- ' ue until the repairs on the Rail Road are com pie- 1 ted, . Our flail K cad. : i . . i .1 I.. : ; r " .uai iiiey uiigiu ur worse. The enterprising Presid-int of the Railroad compniiy, we understand, says that the track can be sufficiently repaired in four weeks, for the cars to pass over. He wants about sixty able bodied hands, in addition to those already employed in the work. We hope the hands will be immediately sent to the road. A new track will in due time be built; the repairs of the old are intended for present use. Camden, we are glad to say to our friends, is not yet ob delete, not entirely caved in. tifThursdav, tin* 24th inst., it will be seen by his proclamation, has been recommended by his Excellency the Governor as a day of Thanksgiv j ing humiliation and prayer. jgpf We invite the attention of our readers to ! the article on the Plank Road, in another column. I It is good authority, and one may be safe in believing every word of it. Musical Instruction. Mr. Root, a Native of Virginia, is in our town, and desires to form a class in Vocal Music. He is introduced to us as a worthy gentleman, and a master of his art. His testimonials in these regards are abundant and satisfactory. He proposes to give a free lecture this evening at the Lecurc Room of the Presbyterian Church. We hope those of our citizens who feel interested in this matter will attend. Our Legislature. It is probable that the Governor will rail tli'a body together before their animal session. An in- j l tiination of this is given in an editorial of the ' | Charleston Mercury. The gallant Governor of j Missississippi lias issued his proclamation for the ' j purpose of convening the Legislature of that i 1 State, and has stated in plain terms, that we have ; j "no reasonable hope that the aggressions upon the : rights oi the people of the shareholding States will j cease until bv direct or indirect means, their do- 1 * I inestic institutions are overthrown." Governor, Townes has taken the lead, and we have no rca- I ' . . ! son to fear that our patriotic Governor will fail to do his duty. Our Thanks ] Are due to lion. Frederick P. Stanton,ofTenn. ! j and Hon. J. A. Woodward, of S. C. for their late j favors. The Meeting in Columbia on Saturday last I would no doubt have been numerously attended i by the citizens of this and adjoining Districts, had j i it not been for the unfortunate accident on oor i Railroad of Thursday last, which prevented those : who would otherwise have promptly accepted the 1 ' invitation tendered by our sister Richland. Gal taut Fairfield was repi('(tented in that meeting? | and whether in the council or the field, that District may always be found in ifs proper place, "right side up." Southern Rights Association. i The meeting last night (says the Mercury) to | form a Southern Rights Association was strong in . ! numbers and character, and the proceedings were spirited and enthusiastic. The speeches of Messrs. i.i;? . i.tviI't.rt'T, Kh di, and Sims, were : 1 ;> .i efici tiv i am! w-re v.*. 'I r'-.-i (I.? ' n. : eemcni 'hat Mir dssip... ha ' ! tk< r hrr . side of tie.Tsia in'If c -at S. '/hcrn . . . r, vsr gnvt"! v.itii acdai.r'M'o.i.-, and r : the guiiaiit Gov. Quit- i j man. A Constitution was formed, and officers | appointed for the ensuing year, which will ba ' e- J mnnrt in another column. fUUUU III IJIV UiUV/Hll iV|.w. . ... Persons wishing to become members can enroll their names at the office of the Mercury, where a book has been left for the purpose. Fugitive Slave Law. The first arrest under the Fugitive Slave Law was made in New York on the 27th ult. The negro belonged to an individual in Baltimore, and after the necessary forms of the law had been gone through with, he was handcuffed and taken back to his owner. The time occupied by the court in the rase was about three hours, and the costs amounted to seventy-one dollars, which is to be paid out of the United States Treasury. The papers state that there was a good deal of excitement among the negroes and abolitionists, but no attempts at a rescue were made. A meet' ing however, mas held in the city on the 2d inst, which was addressed by several speakers, white and black, at which the Law was denounced in I n?????????i unmeasured term?, and Uie determination expres- ] sed to resist it even at the point of the bayonet, if I necessary. Great excitement prevails in u Wes- i tern New York," parts of Massachusetts, and i Pennsylvania, against the law, and the cry of re- i peal is raised, which will no doubt be successful < at the ensuing session of Congress. 1 We never have believed that the Fugitive Slave Law would be of any value?the universal opposition at the North to the institution, will render 5 any law congress can pass on the subject inopera- ' live. We do not look to congress for a re iress j 1 af our wrongs on this subject?the several States ]1 are ooiiMtitti tionatiy bound to in row no obstacles ; in our way in the recovery of fugitive slaves, and ; ' as the North have nullified this fart of the com- I ' pact, the South should place herself hi a position : 1 iu which, if she cannot require "indemnity for the i past,'* she can enforce a demand for"security for j lite future." | Mr. Woodward's Speech. It was our good fortune to hear the speech of j this gentleman on Saturday last, in Columbia.? ' The exercises of the meeting took place in the ! Presbyterian Church. Rev. B. M. Palmer openid , the meeting w ith prayer. Our worthy Represen-j tative spoke two hours, and for that length of | < time enchained the attention of his audience. Our ' a ttempt at a notice of this speech we fear, will : be a very uninteresting etfort. It is impossible to ; tell things as lie did. His speech was forcible and : to the point, with no attempt at show or oratori- ; cal flourish?a plain statement of facts. There i was not a sentiment by him expressed to which ' a hearty concurience was not given, at least such i was the impression tnade upon our mind by the ! exhibition of feeling around us. He gave us a statement of how somethings are , done at Washington, and exposed very cleaily ! many of the operations of those political jugglers , who infest the seat of government. Mr. Wood- j ward has not been a mere " looker-on" at the i transactions in this great national mart, where so many political bargains have been made, on the ; contrary he has proved himself a close observer, | and has shown that ''the proper study of mankind , is man." Mr. Woodward said that the Union is j what oppresses us, and the sooner we rid ourselves of it the better. He regards the separation of the South from the North as a consummation, most devoutly to bo wished for. We should hold i them as the rest of mankind, enemies in war?in | peace friends. He considers delay on our part as | dangerous in the extreme?he ihinks the separa- ' tion of the South'and North as a thing that wii! j one day follow as a matter of course. He may be regarded as a secessionist, a disunionist perse. j Mr. W. thinks the North will never attempt coer- i cive measures with the South. This is not in all j their thoughts. A popular game of brag is exten- | sively played in Congress, and those who are ' loudest in their denunciations against the South, ; have not the slightest idea of attempting to force the South to submission. This is a popular theme for the vulgar inoh. Four southern States lie says is ononeh to secede. Regards a southern Con tl'Jeracy as highly important as our only remedy at this time, and one which, if employed, will spee- ! dily bring the North to their senses, and place its | in a state of entire superiorly over them. We ' can do better.by ourselves?thev can't pet along , so well without us. The fugitive slave bill he re- ' gards as nugatory, and believes that the abolition of slavery in the District of Columbia as well as in the docks, forts, magazines, &c. will be speedily consummated. The free-soil and abolition parties, now holding the balance of power, notwithstanding they were regarded as an unimportant faction a few years since, control the two great leading parties in the Union, tl>o democratic and whig. Each fear their influence at the lime of Presidential I making, and each are anxious to have them on ' their side. j Mr. Woodward administered a severe cnstigation upon such southern recreants as have basely ! immolftVd Southern Rights on the altar of dema- i gogttvism. It is unnecessary here to particular j-ze; the names of all such as have deserted their colors, are indelibly impressed upon the minds of all who love their country It is useless for them j to apologize?they carry the mark with them?the j clothing of the sheep don't suit the wolf. Mr. Woodward satisfactorily explained the rea-! - - s! n 1:..? i SOUS wuy Ulf OUUIII v^cijuima iiciugnuuii HV. I vacate their seats and return immediately hou.e, j after the passage of the California bill and similar i measures. It was found that our delegation on- ! ly, would take this step; it was thought prudent not to do so under the circumstances, as an impression might be formed in the minds of oth^r, Southern members, that South Carolina was anSr ious to lead, par'icularly as the notion has been | widely circulated -there that in the event of a ! Southern Confederacy, South Curoiina would try j to make Presidents for fifty years. The means of! defence are within our reach?let us, in the spirit : of determined freemen, demand our rights. Ask nothing more?tuke nothing less. , 1 I) I.;.. | f ^ l>ir. %> ooawaru uhs titiiru wen ma uau? ? * i has " done right"?he is entitled to the true patri-1 ot's reward, "a hearty well done." Cadets of Temperance. At the last meeting of Kershaw Section No. 4 C. T. the following were installed officers for the eneuing quarter: M. P. Belcher, W. P. W. D. Mason, W. A. P. Villepigue, V. I. R. II. Finch. S. U. P. Bonnev, A. S. C. Fisher, T. L. L. Boone, A, T. W. H. Burr, Ci. S. Brasington, U, J. Mnsseheau, W. J. D. Johnson, A. W. The Sun, We have received a number (the fifth) of a neat ' little daily, bearing the above title, just started in j Charleston by Messrs. Sill & Parr, at lour dollars ; per annum, or two cents a single number. We' hope the Sun may corrf'mue to increase until it' shall arrive at meredian splendour, and then? mav its shadow never grow less. We anticipate' its daily visits with pleasure, ff this is a fairspe:itnen ol the Sun what is to be, then we apprehend we shall have very Jew cloudy days. Col. Walton, the special messenger to Texafe,irrived in New Orleans on the 2d intft. on his return to the scat of government. He says that it ir. #l,r? ifiU.ntinii nf* (wtconmp ft?lt In iccno lite nrn-r :latunlion, submitting the proposition of the General Government to the popular vote, as soon as :ie receives official information of the passage of^ lie bill. The vote will probably be taken about he first of next month. Later from Europe. The steams-hip Cambria arrived at IJalifax oir :he 3d inst. bringing Liverpool dates to the 21st lit. There had heen large sales of cottou at arfldvnnce o' a halfpenny. The sales of the Week imoiinted to 67,000 bales. The'stock on hamt tr.i ntiA k\ ri? ti/i,vvu uaico. Chemical Olive Soap. This article, so useful iu washing clothes ofauy" ilereriplion, may be had at Mpssrs. Shaw & Aos-lin's. A triabwill satisfy any one that it "may be iiM'd iu the common niodeof washing to great ad-vantnge, as its quick cleansing properties readily remove dirt from i he clothes, and saves much time f lid labor/' Try the experiment and you will be satisfied with the resuit. Messrs. Shaw 4: Austin have also many other useful articles in their line,to which they invite the attention of purchasers. F?>r the Journal. PLANK ROADS. Not long since, in :in article deemed extravagant by certain wiseacrcsin Camden, we ventured to assert that plank roads on such lioea as those then under discussion, wonld "carry the trade and travel across the Railroads, competing with them, and from the very towns at their termini." We arc growing old, but we confidently hope to see the assertion vindicated by actual results. For those who take sufficient interest in the question we commend the following extract# from that most aide and valuable paper, DeBows Commercial Review: "The following, tvken from a recent report of 0. G. Gates, Secretary of the Kentucky Board of Improvements, eeuitams valuable and! interesting information to those interested; us road improvements: 1. The system of p&tnkwnds wliiehorfgiiiated in Russia, hnssinsc been adopted in Canada, and in many of otir northern States entirely superceded the MeAdam and Telford rock or gravel roads. The great success and valne of the plankroad consists in the cheapness, in ease of draft, in- speed, and in comfort to passengors. '2. The approved mode of cons'rnction thereof, is as follows: For a single track the planks should be eight feet long, and from three to four incites thick; thev. should be laid across ? ? - i? - x- iii-i:... '11.,,.^ t:ie roan nr ngm-angies in us ?uu-. * uc? planks are to rest on two longitudinal sills or sleepers, eaeli four incites square, bedded in the earth to their full thickness. The earth should he full v kept up to the planks at every poiut* in order to prevent confined air resting in any vacant space beneath tin* planks?no pin or spike is needed to confine the plank t<? the sleepers, their weight being sufficient to keep them firm. There should he [diced on the upper surface, a coating of sand an inch thick.? There should he provided for a single track, ta-n-out places? and to effect this, an eartl.ern road must be banked up ten or twelve feet wide on one side, and two or three on the utile.*; each embankment shook! be made flush with the ends of the plank,and thettsloping outward so as to carrv oft' the water, as perfect drainage is the great secret in the construction of any kind of road. And if the bed ou which the planks are to he laid is a new one, it would he ix-fter to be travelled one season before they are laid down. One track, with the supplementary earth road thus formed, will he sufficient for all ordinary travel. And, if the tonnage transported on the road be chiefly in one direction, the track should be laid on that side of the road which will enable the loaded teams to keep it, and thereby force the unloaded to do all the turning out. 4. The duration of plankmads is from eight to twelve years; this matter, however, depends entirely upon decay from rot, and uot by the surface wear of the plank. The sand which is spread upon the track when finished, protects the wood from the- shoe soles of the horses, (which cause most of the wear,) and soon penetrates the gtain of the plank, until, with the woody fibres and the dej>osits on the road, a tough elastic covering is-formed, whereby the plunk is saved from the ftfdfcer wear. Experience teaches that one-h^frthe wear and tear of seven years occurs in the first year. Therefore, it is a matter of great importance on these roads to have sinall tollage, in order to invito such an amount of travel as will promote their wearing out instead of rotting. 5. The cost of the plankroad greatly depends on its locality. But it w ill be found the following estimate w ill approximate to an average val uation, to wit: For 0110 mile of road with a single track, (made with plank eight feet wide and threo inches thick,) will require, 126,720 feet board measure of plank, and of sills 4 hy 4, 14,080, making in all of lumber 140,800 feet, and costing say five dollars per thousand, would equal the sum of sevqn hundred and four dollars.?The laying and grading will cost from ninet}'-.. six dollars to three hundred and twenty dollars per mile. The earth work, sluices, bridges and contingencies, admit of no average estimate. ? Therefore, without them, and one hundred dob lnrs per mile for engineering' superintendence, and one hundred dollars for gate houses, we have the total oost per mile from one thousand to one thousand two hundred and twenty-lour dollars," Tho following we take from an original article in the Review: advantages of plankkoaos over railroads. 1. Plankroads we more.easily and fcheap'y oonstructed than railroads.