The Camden journal. [volume] (Camden, S.C.) 1836-1851, September 26, 1849, Image 2
i
/Correspondence of the New York Herald.
?'? ? CitARwreroN, SyjC., Xnu.
A Southern Convention?Dangers of the Union
. -- ?'Manufactures at the Smith.
The M?a of ? Convention of the SourV, or
^rtlw. olarot..Jrfinrr Siitip*. hns been Iwonched
" w..ynr7?
in all, quarter* oTtW*' region, hy imltrldimla,
presses.ljf pfihiljp meetings, and in Legislatures.
I am by nortvaifs nor rain fnif ?hort it is the very
best flHng for the tTnFnnr,-rhnf could lake place ;
1 am! wf are in term- nf it. Let the S<?nth meet
rn Convention?rfr?cnr?s formally and fillv their
grievances, thefr arnspjt nf dissatisfaction, and
, unitedly take a decided stand against what they
consider Northern aggression. We helieve
rhnf this rs the very best mode that con Id he
adopted, to come to a proper understanding, and
to rral harmony. . We are satisfied that dissnt
fsfaction has been steadily growing and earning
' ground throughout the Southern States, and
that it has nearly come to a head ; and we- would
warn the people of the Northern States, in the
most solemn manner, against i% policy which is
^ ptir&uctfliji'bolh political parties, and wbiehs if
persisted in, is fraught with danger to ihe federal
Union?will end ?t> its destruction? and
that, too, heforo the-sound" and honest citizen*
of the North dTewns even thirt.it '?in the- rangeof
probability, or enn of possibility, to occur
T4ce.xri|tht? ?f.the States is a doctrine that i
has been Frpel^'ifisetwssd, in late years ;;and if
anything in our 'frdfcya.l "Union is fully and al- 1
most incontestihfy estaWinhcd, it is the feet that
* CTnitetf StHgs" and ral^Jfatre the same j
political meaning; nnd that the- Constitution i
was adopted hy the Stales as States, arid that
we are not a nation of individuals in the aggra- <
parte, hut are a federal community of States? i
each State lieing sovereign. I
The secession of one State, however small,
from the federal. Union of thirty States, would |
he had rno.ugh, and cause an infinite amount of
omltarrMsmentand trouble, if it did not lead to
violence and bloodshed, which would, at this i
crisis, scatter,the States anddestrey the Union, I
as can Easily be foreseen. How much more
certain would he thpse disastrous events, if a I
section of States should conceive themselves
outraged hy unequal legislation ??hy feelr g |
that their constitutional rights were violated? i
their pxjoperty sacrificed, and their own lives i
endar^enid by *n congressional majority, and I
the government at Washington ? That the fa- <
naftcar, suicidal attempt, of the abolitionists, I
aided fiy the free 6oilers, wttl he persisted in at 1
the next session of Congress, is already clear I
to our minds; and knowing that the people of I
the Smith tjtrie contending for their constitutional I
'' rightf fcoleTjr, we assert our solemn belief, thnt i
if a majority in Congress use their power, and i
pass a law which deprives the South of their ?
equal territorial rights with the North, and the 1
President sanction such a hill, the blow will I
have been struek which dismembers the United t
'States. Are thm -people of the Northern States I
prppat^d for iMs f Hare they looked forward i
to the consequences? Are the merchants, the <
ship owners, and men who bold properly, aware I
of tka^rutQous'consequences to themselves that <
would jentoe ? In three months from the pas- t
sage of such a bill, ordinances would he enact. I
ed in the. South, by State after State, aetting at i
defiance -both Congress and the Executive, and ?
declaring the federal Union dissolved by the I
violation and setting aside of the equal provis.
, ions of the constitution on the part of the North- <
ern or free States. f
The Southern States are, in reality, the con- t
- wnotirc port ton -of tho Union. With the j
withdrawal of the South, where would the free i
, States be? Patty in the North has eaten up t
patriotism, such as the early framers of the i
Constitution had in their hearts, and showed in f
their actions. Power, plunder, spoils, govern t
the mau of the politicians of our Northern i
schools; and it is time now that the people? a
those who hare highermotires, who have rights r
and property?should move, and curb this mad 'I
crusade against the South, if tbpy would save i
themselves, the titles to their property, or their ii
own safety. The Southern States are sick of I
this unholy war against slavery and nonsense i
about slaves. Unfortunately, it has become x
the question, absorbing all old party considera. t
lions; and the efforts of the miserable old n
organ*, on both ?ules, at Washington, to keep a
out ibis, the greatest of all questions, and to >
continue the old and obsolete issues of both I
parties, is looked upon with scorn and indigna. i
lion.. .They determined to maintain thpir s
rights;-and if the North won't let them, then t
they say, " Let us hare a separation from those c
who show themselves our enemies. Let them fc
go their way j. we will go ours." S
The South bare already freed more negroes d
than we have, treed. At the la?t census, there d
were in the then 13 slate States, and District f
of Columbia, 215,801 free negroes, and in the f
13 free States but 170,444 negroes; so that r
there are 44.357 more tree negroes in the slave n
than in the free States. One of the very first t
fruits of a separation, brought on by the inju. c
dicious movements of the abolition and free soil *
party, would be, that every free negro in the '
South would be driven out, and forced into the '
N<*Hh, fo be a burden or a blessing to us. n
Tfoei any man in his sober senses, in the free J
States, believe, that if the question was put to t
the citizens of each of the 15 slave States, a
44 Shall the institution of slavery in this State
be abolished or not V* doubt the answer? It
?"?old be a thundering 4* No" liwn uuch State. '
Is there any doubt, then, that if Congress drive a
these SJtates to tbo wall, by saying, in fact, "We f
will abolish slavery for you, by first commenc I
ing with your constitutional rights in the ferri. a
lories," that the South will make an issue for c
rheir,existence and property, on the very thres- a
hold; at any cost ? Certainly not. Then why, (
the name of all that is sacred in compacts. I
shoofd such a dangeroui and doubtful question <
)>e pushed to a direct issue, when no possible f
good can result from it, save to mercenary, de. r
signing, corrupt, and God.forgotten politicians, t
abolitionists and free soilers, nnd when the
worst of all evils, a dismemberment and separation
of the States of this Union, must follow, c
ns certain as effect follows cause in the final I
result ? For if one alave States makes the issue
upon this slavery question, or its rights in the
territories and falls back upon its sorcreigoty. a
erflrralaye Stale will follow its example?they i
will be fbrced to do it, to save themselves from <
annihilation as independent States, and to save 'I
the properly and rights of their respective citi. t
atens. Let every free soiler and political trader I
look at the result which their mad action would
roil in upxrn the country. A Southern Federal i
Union would be .consummated ere a year. The f
fifteen States wfinre African slavery exists, ?
cover an area of 035,319 square miles. Cal- <
ilornia and New Mexico would add to that '
area 520,078 square miles more, while the
North ha* hut an area 454,340 square miles.
The South, too, has an extent of Atlantic sea <
board six times greater than the North. ." (
We have spoken a warming which wo trust i
will he heeded by the good, and those who lore I
the Union. To letain it, the North must cul
tivate kindness and good feeling, and abstain I
from meddling with the South, in a matter in <
wbicfc the North ha* no direct concern; and the fT
more so, in a matter where the constitution-^ *
the only resort and protection for a minority ?against
the majority?is clearly against the
North. The North cannot force the Southern.
State* to remain member* of the federal Union,
if its own injustice drives them'from it. Blood. ^
'pilling is a sad alternative among hsothreo,. af. ^
and God grant that the folly or marfhess of (o t
knaves and had men never force u* into it. ^
Let the Southern States have their conven. ^
tion: lot thrm in. a fiwr and ffienrfly spirit din- ^
cuss their grievances* ancf let the majority in ^
(Congress meet their statement* m the spirit of
aceonirnodation^ and1 redtress tfcera. We thus
avoid; diffirultr, and, above all, disunion, and r'?"
rtsMl forward again, fair and fresh, in our vig
iweus rpfttthKieftit career ol greatness and stnbil.
ify,- and a* a preparatory step, let the common J
sense-of the-honest m*?n anrf polritXic citi?Mi?
kick lt> the devil those luri-finr spirit* whose pal- " '
try ambrrion and1 iow- of office, power and ?.r 1
plunder have brought the country to this cri. llon
sis.
In a former letter f have alluded to Southern 1
manufactures, and the ronseqoewce that will us 1
result from. Iltorr> to the- Northern and Eastern do?.
sections. This has been brought uhoot by a i#ni
long continued unjust system of deluerooy aprat 1
the subject of protection, beneficial to a few de.v
aristocraiic nabobs in the North, and deadly boa
to the entire South, from the planter who raises
10 l?ales oft he raw cotton to the planter who no i
r.friipes 300 Wo cannot eihihit the real ca"
result- better than bv slating a caw; which clear, wer
ly exhibits that it hue-ndled, and that the effect Gcr
r?f our protective system is, to make the labor unf!
and capital of the North, profitable, at the ex fide
pense of the lalsor and capital of the Suuth. yiot
We will suppose A to be a Southern cotton *?'?
planter, residing in Charleston. He raises to
300 bales of cotton. Bos
B is a New England manufacturer, and re. giv<
tides in Boston, and makes 300 bales of domes* four
lies. strci
A and R are here understood to represent fain
the Souih and the North. gem
We will suppose the 300 hales of A to be of of t
precisely the same value in the home market, in t
is the 300 bales of B. A, the Southern planter, mor
hips his 300 hales of cotton direct from Char. *erv
leston to Liverpool, where it is sold for a sum
if money which enables him to purchase 300 R
!?a!es of English cotton goods, of precisely the csst
ame quality and quantity as those made by B, twd
leaving a sufficient sum of money to pay all 69 i
he expenses of the 300 hales purchashed, to oftl
Charleston. When his 300 bales of English
iianufactured goods arrive in Charleston, as- $
turning the duty to he 33 1-2 per cent, (and on Wo>
in aggregate it is more than that) and that the gre?
fitly is paid in kind, A will have to deposit 100
tales in the Charleston custom house in order DII
o obtain liberty to bring in the remaining 200
ales. He then finds B with his 300 bales of \
nanufactured goods ready to undersell him, in able
'onsequence of the protective duties imposed arc .
ty the government for his protection. This tl>e
Jrivns A out of his own market, makes labor a fr
ind capital of A unproductive, and compels him t0WI
o abandon cotton planting, and resort to man. for,
jfacturing. or some other employment, or to (|ie
:ontinue with very little profit beyond the out- men
lay. ^ ^ ^ ?ctc
But this is not all. The 100 bales in the t),e
'.ustom house are the property of the United nol
States government. B outvotes A, and then cou(
nkes it to himself in the various forms of Rp. torif
ropriatiou. He thus has, in reality, 400 bales ,jen|
igaint the 200 of A. owing to the unequal and s;Te
mjust interposition oft he government; and in. , j
dead of an equal rncoine, tins a douuie increase 7
rom the same cause. After having impov. a)th
rrrshed A, by this process, he assails the labo. Qur
ers of A, on the gronnd that they are unprofit- #jn (
ible, attempts to destroy his property in them, g
in the ground that is sinful and unproductive. eon|
This is the whole state of the rase, expressed prei
11 short metre, following a trifling deduction, liaM
vhich goes to A, in the form of appropriations ^
>y *hc government. We think those presses >enl
vho are ridiculing the South and its institutions t
vill find it a very different matter to answer l(ia
his statement. That the South have suffered |o j
t great many evils from the uneqiial]legislation t,)#t
it Wushingtou, in the past period of thirty years, ^ n
s not to he denied. They have rights in the
Jnion as well as the North, and if this Union g
s to be perpetuated, those rights must be re- j.
pected by the other section, even if they have ^
he majority, and can carry any congressional
inclinent. We love tho Union, and it needs
iu> justice to all from all to make the United
hates the greatest country in the world. We e^)(
lon't care a straw for the South more than we
to for the North, but we arc determined to see
sir play?more than this, we wish to lay be- g
jre the North the real state of these sectional .
elation*, and that our Northern members may " ^
10I rush down to Washington the corning win- ^
or, and in ignorance plunge the Union into a ^
:ivil struggle which cannot but result in itsde* w 10
(ruction, and destroy the North; for the South,
t cannot be doubted, would be, when separa J^"l|
ed from the free States, more compact and c
(lore prosperous than she has ever been. Take ,m
our time, ve whigs, and remedy this state of r^'
hings, and don't drive matter* to extremities, a"e
md ruin your party and country.
Vineyard in Mobile.?An association has ,l*
wren- recently formed in Molrile for planting ,0 '
uid cultivating a vineyard of the Scuppernong CorT
frapes, with a view to the manufacture of wine. f,er
I'he committee to draft articles of as.soriution
ire, G. N. Stewart, (State Senator from the
:ounty.) W. W, McGuire, (co-editor the Herild,)
and 0. 8. Beer*, (the city Postmaster.) **
Joinmittees wero appointed to select a suitable encc
oca lily for the " Company Vineyard," to as- In*
less costs of improvements, die., with further
owers to inquire whether any other branch, ** c
ir branches of busines should be connected T
herewith. hem
Difficulty wrni France.?The following
lespatch, teceived last night, is somewhat start T
ing. The matter may make mischief: Twi
Baltimore, Sept. 1?, p. m. ,n8n
It is reported and l>elirved, that some weeks cr* I
Mice, B. Pouss'm, the French Minister, sent T*y
in impertinent note to the State Department, has i
thereupon the President de.rnajiiled his recall, the
I'he request not having l>een complied with, I"0
he President has intimated to M. Poussin, that of tl
lis passports arr. ready. tlieii
It is believed that France will sustain the Min- men
ster's course. A despatch just received from Tlio
ligh authorilyfat Washington, strongly intimates rami
lornelhing serious brewing, but the correspon- Inn
lent thinks that the lacts are not sufficiently <li?p
nalurcd for publication.?Telegraph. Latt
men
Carolinians Abroad.?We find the name mm
>f Charles A. Bollard, Esq., formerly of Cam- hav?
i... 0? snniiiiiii-ail iii o I Ipmnrml ir- nnm. da(i<
|rii| 01/. V?-j a.niwui.i . ? ...? ...... ? ......
ne? fur the House of Representatives, from pene
Nalchitoches, La. In the list ol delegate* In talk
h? Memphis Convention, appointed l>y the will
[inventor of Louisiana, tve itft find the names hosti
)f several Carolinians. ? Telrgraph. bs s
HE CAMDEN JOURNAL
Wedbetdaqr September 20, *849.
W. THURLOW CAS TO .T, EDITOR.
amoey Frmm-b Academy.?We direct the attention
lii-tunt readers to a Card in another column, relative
lie next session of the Camden Female Academy,
lur the core of Mrs. F. A. McCnndless and Mies
A. Wallecr, 6he- School will open on the 1st Ocsr,
for a tension of nihe months.
'bono who are disposed to support home initituiione,
J?h dv welXlo-potnooi* this Academy. AW the vais
branches of female education, am here taoghl
li success and ability.
T We refer our readers to an article in another
uon, taken from the New York Herald, wltich for.
y exprvsses strong arid correct vinws relative !o the
it i*rue before tlic aoonJry, and settled dutermina.i>
oL the South.
'irt Strangers' Fenuu? A* rumors had reached
that the Yellow Fever had commenced its wsrlt of
lib ia Charleston, our community looked with in.
m anxiety to the paper* for n denial or confirmation.
From the Courier and 11 hveury we learn that s:x
the had occurred during tiro past week, of wliat the
ird of Health designate as Strangers' Fevor,"
The character of tiro disease ia represented to bo, by
means virulent, and generally occurring "from inlious
exposure or neglect." Of die sixdoattis, four
e from Ireland, one from England; and one from
mony?whoso occupations exposed them to very
ivorable weather, which' then prevailed. It is con.
ntly staled, from its rnild character, and ready
ding to treatment, it cannot become generally pre
int or fatal. It hna occurred loo late in the season
become an epidemic?such ia the opinion of the
rd of Health. The prompt and lull atutemcnt
in by these paper* willv we trust, arrest Che un
ided rumors which were fiist producing a panic, and
nglhen tiro confidence of the up country in the
rose and truth fulness of the City Journals. The
oral health of Charleston is good, and for a longth
*. L li. .1? ...i
irnc nsi Dccn Dcnor proiMDij in>in mij uiuoi mhj
he Union ; and we would sincerely regret, in comI
with other citizen* of tin: State, if her well do.
cd reputation should be injured by fulic report*.
clicious Revival.?A friend writing ua from Lm
cr, says s?"At a protracted meeting, which lusted
Ivc day*, at the Fork ilill Church in thia Diatric',
vera baptised, and eight rcatorcd to the fellowship
10 Church."
tT" We return our thank* to the Hon. J. A.
onwARD for a handsomely bound copy of lira Coo.
sionul Globe and Appendix.
TICULTY BETWEEN OURGOVERNMENT
AND FRANCE,
aeriou* apprelienaion ia entertained that all pcac.
relation* between our Government and Ilia French,
about to be disturbed. The Baltimore Sun gives
following account of the difficulty?that a want of
iendly feeling has marked the diplomacy of France
arda the American Government for some lime-tin*
month* back the correspondence of Mr. FuOesio,
French minister at Washington, with our Govern
it has been of the most insulting and insolent char,
r, Forgetful "asya the Suna'a Correspondent" of
commonest rules of diplomatic etiquette, he has
hesitated to call into question even the honor of our
itry. Recently he addressed a note to Mi, Cluy.
which was deemed very impertinent. The Pr. si.
I directed nearly two months ago, that the often,
letter be sent to (lie Government of France with
cmaod that Mr. Pounsin he immediately recalled.
Ira French government did not notice llio demand,
ough sufficient time has elapsed sinco it was made.
Government has therefore intimated to Mr. Pous.
that his passports are ready for hiin.
ome suppose that the origin of the difficulty was
uccted with the rumored refusal on the part of the
icfi Government to receive Mr. Rives our new Am.
ador to Pari*.
I:. Rives when in France aa a former minister, had
home despatches relating to the French indemni.
Tlicy were private and were published contrary to
wishes of Mr. Rives. They found their way back
rrance and placed our Minister in bad odour with
Government. It is supposed that ho will not now
cceived, and that Mr. Poussin penned an "impcrnt
note" in giving our Government that information,
at the Correspondent of the Sun says that the of.
ive communication was on another subject. From
prompt manner in which the Cuban expedition
arrested, and the determined spirit not to permit
Government to be insulted in this cjse, if an insult
really given, we are forced to conclude that no
Is will be spared by the Administration to protect
preserve the political dignity and honor of the
nlry.
inec writing the above, we notice the following
a nation given to the difficulty. M. Pouasin, last
ruafy, presented to Mr Duehanan, the Secretary of
e, a claim of Mr. Porte, a Mexican Frenchman,
had purchased Tobacco, knowing it to be private
erty. Gov. Child* had ordered the Tobacco to be
rrcd to the right owner, and gave thu Frenchman
[ his money. M. Poussin then set up a claim for
agcm which waa decided against by a Coaitof Inqui.
The decision was approved of by Gen. Scott, and
rwarda by Mr. Clayton. M. Poussin, in a note to
Clayton, used insulting language towards Gen.
ds, but at the suggestion of Mr. Cnyton withdrew
Subsequently M. Poussin addressed another noto
he State Department, miking charges against
tntodore Carpenter, in connection with saving llio
ich aliip Eugenia from shipwreck. Carpenter claim
salvage for liis crew, which was refused. On tliia
cct Poussin wrote a very intuiting letter to Mr.
?ton reflecting on the honor of our government,
resident Tsylor then caused the whole correspond
i to be laid before the Froncli Government, expect,
immediate redress. This not being done President
lor ordered all correspondence with M. Poussin to
loscd, and his passport* placed at his disposal,
lie Waehington Republic thinks there ia no appro
lion of war, in consequence of this difficulty*
FLORIDA INDIANS.
0 suppress tho outbreaks of the Indians Mnj. Gen.
ggs, who is in command in Florida, has rocom.
ced to the Government, and through commission.
iss applied fcr a volunteer force. But President
lor, who has had experience in Florida campaigns,
dutermincd to send the whole regulnr army and all
marine force, before Volunteere shall be called out.
ddilion to the fnrewnlready collected two Regiments
ie army, ono of infantry and one of artillery are on
r way to the seal of hostilities, and other Rogi.
ta are expected to be ordered into the same service,
obj ct of the Goverment will be to conciliate, and
)ve the Indians, if practicable, by peaceable means,
ny event their removal is deemed certain and inensible
to the peace and safety of the whites.?
! murdors have increased the alarm among the sottlo.
ts, and have rendered the promptest measures ncc.
ry. However Billy Bow Lege and other chiefs
1 disclaimed any connection with tho rccont depre
I Lotto t?? 11 foafa^ n ^iatiniilSrtn In tm ft f
JUD, illlU ll??W .v w ?
m with the wWlcs. A ftiy is appointed to hold a
with Gen. Twiggs. It is ??id that the murderer*
1k given up. We trust live news in true, and that,
tffeaas wilt soon ceaso In that 8tate. There will
-disconUnted Indians among the retdmant of
* >~
tribe# remaining, who will occasionally attack d
settlers and. their only security for llic futare lies in
removing them all to the \^*t? ?
Hlbi.e Psmentation.?Tho Bialiopville Division No. ((
25, S. of T., wero presented on l>*t of September with. t|
'* a tpUnttid Bible," by Mrs. Juno B. Miller, ' tho rep- p
rcscntutivc of the Ladies of Bishopville and vicinity." ti
It was received by W, Rogers^ E*q\. in-behilf of tho p
Division. Their attdresiet, which have been published
in the Sumter Banner and Temporance Advocate, were 8
most chaste and appropriate. A large concourse of ^
persons witnessed the interesting ceremonies, and other
able speeches were delivered, 1
The Cams AsrooACtiiNO.?Tho following letter wa* C
sent to tho Charleston Mercury, from which it will be ''
seen that the abolitionists continue their unlawful and
malicious-interference with our institutions.
*0
This taking letters front the Post Office by force, p
presents, a sew issue with, the Government, and shows 5
ivnmi ciuunj cnc oeieriiiincu i?j?i u t/i uui iv iv* oi
Mat thete insidioui ottnek? up*n their rights : 0
Prnjm,e*bon, Sepf. 16. 1849. l'
Gentlemen: By the mnii ot Friday, there Cl
wax received; at this place, a number til copies ^
of an Aliolition circular, directed to the mein- ^
hers of the Committee of Vigilance-. The El- a
ecutive Committee of that body, on the Pillowing
dky- demanded the- letters of the Postmaster.
On his refusal to deliver them, they entered' hi.? p<
office and took them by force. This case pre.
sents a new feature, of an important matter,
which is deeply agitating the public mihil.? jj,
Among the reforms which our enemies hope to
accomplish, in this State, it will not escape your
notice that the election of President of the Uni- ^
ted Stares occupies a prominent position.
It need scarcely be remarked, that the war
which the fanatics of the North are so perse,
rermgly wagrng agairvat rhe peace and security
of the Southy cannot much longer lie carried
on only by one party. An offensive attitude
by the other, it will be impossible to restrain
the people very shortly from assuming. (
Respectfully, yours, S.
PLANK ROADS. *'
We arc glad to-tee llic subject o! Plank Roads exciting
attention in variou* portions of the State. ??
Able writer* ii> die Bdjjefiehl AdvcTt'oer are forcibly a
urging upon the people of that region, die- propriety of ti
constructing Plank Roads from Hamburg, to run up to vj
Kdgefidd, to Abbeville, to Newberry and Greenville,
as admirably adapted to tho wants ?.f the country, and
in-every way calculated to be of immense benefit to
those Districts. c
The following remarks, taken from thai paper, wc w
dccin as applicable to a Plank Road from this place to- ?
the N, Carolina line, as they are to a Road from d un. rr
burg to Edgefield i 01
tf a Plank Road were built from Edgeleld to ?
Hamburg, its advantages would be so obvious, and e
its utility so well established, I hazard hut little in u
saying, it would be followed up by building Plank "
Roads on all the main roads in this and the upper c
Districts. There is a large amount ot pine land ri
in our District, which is only valuable on account p
of the fnn&rr standing on it.?and the timber ainl ^
wurfft <tiry thing. Introduce Plank Roads, and u e
Will see steam engines sawing up this timber.Von- .
verting it into valuable Roads, while the slabs
would be used in settlement roads, in sandy or "
muddy places, thereby improving the minor as well ll
as tlie main roads. The facilities thus, offered, ii
woul. induce the planter to trans ort I.ime for ag- tr
ricultural purposes, assist him in collecting leaves, p
straw, etc, for manure, and encourage him to im- a
prove his land instead of moving away. At the |
same time, it opens to him a market foro rn, fod
der, meal, lumber, wood, coal, peas, oats, fruits, "
shucks, and other articles which will not bear long P
transportation on common roads. The effect of o
this would be to enhance the value of plantations tli
on the route, to double their present value. Such if
has been the effect where Plank Roads have been t|
built elsewhere, and it appears reasonable that ()
similar causes should produce similar effects here. g
There is another feature in Plank Roads, which
should not be lost sight of, the munrythat is dx- p|
pended <m them is retained among vs. The mate- w
rials of which the roads are built are now at hand, ?
waiting to be used, an I along the line of the road, ir
Nature seems to say, in silent but audible lan- cj
guage, "though I have placed sand in your path, c|
there is on your right hand and on your left, what jj
ye most need?murmur not at my doings."
It is true, that tmliko the constructing of IS til Roads, j(1
the money expended is retained araomg its,?indeed, jj
they may easily be built witlionl expending one cent ^
of money. Stockholders would prefer paying up their ^
instalments by work?by grading, catting trees, haul (||
ing and laying down plank, Sic. No money would be |(
needed to send to distant places for iron, cars and lo. (>|
coinotives, ]i is unfortunate for the success of a Plank a|
Road in t> e direction of Charlotte that the people,
proposed lo be benefitted by it, have been so recently dc.
fealod in their efforts to procure a Railroad. A recol t|
lection of a former failure dampens the spirit of enter.
prise, and doubt and uncertainty color all their thoughts rf
on Uoad enterprise!". INow Una is wrong, a conip.iri- tj
ton con scarcely be fluid lo exist between them. In p
estimating the cost of one there is grout room for specu- e
lation?for the other, we hare moot reliable data.? ni
Mistakes may be easily made as to the cost of iron, jr
iU transportation, curs, engines, the grading, the sta* |)
lions and depots. Not so in calculating thn coat of p.
Plank Roads. The malorial fur them is all at hand, a|
and we know their price. There ia no room for npt-cu- ||
lation in estimating the cost of planks ; nd sills, and* |H
work necessary to lay them down. Tire only doubt 0|
that can caisi, relates to the grading, and we know it aj
is quite n different thing from grading fur a Railroad, tri
A Railroad Hack must be straight and level?hills ri
must be cut through and valleys must lie filled up.? ?
Not so with a Plank Road track. A descent from 6 R(
lo 1:2 inches in a rod is known to bo sufficiently level, V
and no curve is loo great, that docs not bend more
than ordinary curves in n country road. [ cl
Wc are sure that the the grading for a plank road ct
from here lo tho N. Carolina lino, would be very incon-, ja
siderabl.-, ns the country is remarkably level. There is ; |y
not a single hill, on any route that would apt lo ho si lec- m
ted, that cuuld not be easily avoided except probably oi
a few at the upper end. They might present difficul. 'f
tics in the way of a Rail Road, but not of a Plank Rond. ft
Wc take the following from tho sarno paper as tho ei
above, and we cummcnd it to the attention of our tl
readers; . ti;
i
On the great routes from the Atlantic cities to w
the valley of the Mississippi, where hundreds of a
travellers pass daily, Rail Roads possess as great ft
advantage over Plank Roads as the latter do over a,
common roads. No one. I presume, would advo. n|
cate the introduction of Plank Roads on these. .
great routes, for purposes of travel. It is in agri- {
cultural countries, where the population is sparse,
as with us, that Plank Roads possess great ad van- ^
tages over Kail Roads. a
In the first place, the cost of a Plank Road, ready; P
for use, is only about one-tenth the cost of a Rail Pl
Road ready for use, (I include in this, Locomotive, Cl
Passenger and Freight carp, Water Tanks, etc.?
The coat of attendants for a Plank Road is less ..
than one-tenth ot what it is on a Rail Road. The
money expended for Iron, Locomotivep. Cars, etc,
for a Rail Road is sent out of the State, while the ai
amount expended for a Plank Road is retained in ni
the State, and even in the District. The limber is d<
here, and needs only a steam engine to convert it h
into lumber. The labor is among up, and needs ^
only proper direction to be available. Whencom- fy
pleted, the Road will be here, accessible to every ,
one, benefitting everyone, injuring no one, and ,
can be used at all times, and at all hours* by thC K'
poor and rich, old and young- It ia soorewhal d|f- tb
ferent with Rail Roads. Having certain hours for pt
epartfrre, the traveller i* obliged to leave when o<
ie regulation inf the company veqpi rev, or he can- k
ot travel at all. .< ; b- fr
Many are of opinion that if the Rail Road was
ear them, they have only to^ tranaport their Cot-, y
do to the nearest point on'rfie Railroad, and that
fiey will receive their supplies brought by the P1
Load at the tame point Such will sometimes be P<
tie case, but not generally. A Rail Road may it
ass through a man Vplflirtation,.and within twen- ai
y yards of his Gin Houfp, and unless there is a |s
tation or a turn out at the place, he may be com* g
elled to wagrm'-hie Cotton, and other produce, five
r si* miles to a stations and still the Company may
e disposed to grant him every accommodation. ^
'unvouts are'expensive, and are only constructed ''
rhere the wants of the Company require. The i q
-ains have their regular time of departure, and if I p
ley are stopped on. a single track,'to take on Cot- si
>11,. or othes produce, they interfere with other tr
ains,- besides, it would be-necessary to take hands
t. the train to load, and'if the Company were dis- j
osed to accommodate; they would be preventedv
circumstances. There arc other objections to ?
hipping cotton, by Rail Road, when left a? turn- P
uts or stations, it often lies for days, exposed to j
ie weather, until a Car load is collected, or it is i v
onvenient for!1he way-train to take it on. If a ' ci
lanler is subjected' to th>* trouble of loading and ; |,
nloading his wagon, if he was near a Plank Road,
e would prefer sending his Cotton in that way to
larketr
(K7" Tlirre srt'68 Division* bf the Sons of Tern-"
srancc in North Carolina, snd 53 in this' Slate,
"t ' - A . . . * ? ' ' ' fM
Pv?t; Qrnciu,?A J?pw- Pust.OfBce. has been ertab.
lied, at <Jaten Pond, Union Diatricl. and Jolin Greg ^
y appointed Postmaster. |
The Poai'Offioe at Catonrah, Greenville District, haa j|>
?en discontinued,1'1' '* 1/
Piovidcnce, Sumter District, baa been changed in . j
te, and John W. Thomas appointed Poatmaster, w
Golly. Darlington District, changed in name and j(]
to to Swift Crock, and C. J. Flinn appointed P. M. c|
1 "" in
Governor French, of Illinois, hss called an ex. ,|
a session of the legislature, to meet about the last j(|
' October, chiefly for the purpose of electing a Sena.
r to Congress. Genoral Shields is again a candidate, R|
id it is said, will again be returned. . , , a|
? I
The writer who contributed to our column* k
few week* since, an article on the Penilen* 01
ary, hat favored u? with a continuation of hi* 01
vt
lews. '
A STATE PENITENTIARY. ,|.
As a. manor of economy, we again urge the lit
laims ol thin system. IV e lieliere the State w
ould he greatly Wnrfitted it! a pecuniary point w
f view, by adopting it. in place of our present hi
tode of punishment ; for whilst the violator* K
f our laws are severely punished, the State is
bliged to pay well for it?nor really large and T
tlravagant amounts to her ministerial officers, Si
ho execute her laws, hut in the aggregate? hi
loersrt n/trlinti rtf tvliinK U mtl/ltf IID lit fla*4 .tnit fTl
.n.s. y... ...... ... ......... .. r ...
riminals in prison, \vh>*re they exist f??r the in
me lining, daily becoming less disposed In lit
ursue honest avocations and physically and ei
lorally worse than the day tbey were commit* pi
J.: It is. by no moan* certain that the object g:
ir which criminals are punished is effected by of
ie' prescnf ,tneihp(l.. 'I he item of expense to -m
ie State each year f<w. the punishment of crim- to
mis is a very considerable matter, and added re
> :fieother expenses of the Government, in the w
nytneiit of public officers, &ic., increases the (
nnual outlay.jtb a very ldrge amount. It will
e recollected that every dollar of this is paid th
ut "of the taxes, and comes directly fioin the vi
ockets of the peonle,?from those whi are tii
liedient to law ana -rder, who discharge their &
nties as good citizens. Is this right ? Ought to
ici better part of the community to aufTer for vi
ie guilt of those who are regardless of all law, m
either fear God nor regard man I If the pres. w
tit system of punishment would, by any means, m
ffect the design (or which it was intended, we th
'ould not for a moment object,"but willingly let th
'ell eiiongh alone. Rut when we see daily do- $t
loiistrations of its inefficiency to do this, we are in
lear for a change?an entire and complete ih
hange?a thorough modification of the law in ai
lis regard. hi
We have been enabled, to some extent at Si
ast, to see for ourselves the practical opera.
<m of the present system, and s|M*ak confi. gi
enlly when we reduce our arguments, to br
gurcs. The cost, as we previously *tated?-for go
ieting while prisoners per day is thirty cents, th
ine dollars twelve and a half cents per month? H
tie hundred and nine dollars and fifty cents per th
niiuin; and this is barely sufficient to pay the th
upper ot a jail lor thelrounie ne das me oilier | ni
es appertaining l?i the jail l?eing so trifling, 1 \J
tat the man really receives but little reinnneit
ion alter all for his labor, risk of life, ami the pi
isponsibility and unp! snntness of his situ* |,j
on. This amount see* is small.as an abstract y<
reposition, ycj in t^c course of n sjnglp year, to
ten in as small a District as Kershaw?in con. a
cctimi with other incidental expenses belong. fe,
ig to this part of the administration of justice? |jr
ie sum is considerable. The average of Statu ap
risoners in our jail, one year with another, is | f,.i
l/out six persons per annum. We then hare
le amount of six hundred and flf'y-seren do)
irs for the expenso of feeding alone, exclud e j
Farrests, commitments, chastisements, medical 1
id if necessary, and releascments. Add these
the original amount, and the most economi- \r\
ll and reasonable calculation will bring the t|r
tale in debt, we may say, as an avernge 0u
mount, in round numbers, one thousand dollars.
/e believe a close calculation would exceed
lis amount.' We are certain if all prop?r
aimsjira allowed by the State to public offi. dii
rs, and the regular fees and expenses of the ^
il charged, this year the amount will Ire near. pr
double the calculation we have mude. It Li
nisi be remembered in this connection, that r(.
irs is one of the smallest Districts in the State. m,
'lie amount of money paid by the State to pf.
cers of Charleston District, last year, was over an
ght thousand dollars. It is true, a portion of an
lis amount .would be paid if we had a IVniten- ?jl
ary, but the largest part of it, say two thirds, R(
ottld be saved, if we had the Institution. It, is of
fact, as w? have been credibly informed, that nn
om the District of Chesteifield, a few years fai
?o, a return of taxes was made to the amount jri
I thirty.four hundred dollars, at the same time
le State pnid accounts for services rendered by '
herifT, Clerk, Magistrates, Constables. Ate., to an
ic amount of about thirty five hundred dollars, w<
latger amount than the whole taxes of the fa
'istricf. Are not the people then heavily tax- (h<
I directly for the support and punishment of ge
rimjnalx? is
The amount paid by thn State in the year wl
948, lor the support of officers, was thirty-one so*
? ?j t- ?t 1 j fiaw aua /1a))a pa il
lOllsana seven niinurru ami myii'w n,
nd five cents. We deduct from this amount
lie thousand four hundred and seventy.nine yo
illars and twenty.two rents ($1*479 22) for pa
mnies paid Coroners, the Secretary pf State,
:c., which leaves the amount.of thirty thousarfd th
vo hundred and seventy five dollars and eiabtyiree
cents paid to Sherjfls, Clerk*. Jailors, Nf*. i
istrates and Constable alone. , We arc aware
iat all of thia.was'not paid on account.of.lb* j
JDishment of criminals, or the administration
"justice according-Jo ihe Wr, .
noW, however; I hat a itrf lilwflli. didvlip.. 7
rnn this sum, would leave at least tvreafj4jgg?# ,.
md drtWn; wWduhe PenitiJUiasy w apld wfr?
lf? bave-nOtftieatecM
recisfl amount rerpiired far.
snnI system, In* tliiuk from fifteen 1,a twrair.
tmi**nd dollars are*frquir?U*-'OH? ?*ac;f?fc.:'
not her, for; this purpose. /, Ue/O J*, f&rn?? ,.
irge amount' fl# 'money **uk>?M;.lost,.to /hff;
lute?wesay lmr,)*xlwiILat.w?awJitfufq.tMMT^. 14>
y to prove h. ^(ft4bU.?t?teTiMft/-webafvM,.;
lien into liie-aceauai ibesaiarirf.^J^ofa^y . .
ieneral or Solicitor*,, a*-tb*?e w<'?R Ua
uired even st'hh a Penitentiary; north?'
en*e of-support ing the poof, which U augmr ML*.
li l?r the impruotimoat of tratwgcexsors, J*#***
innner now prescribed; !> - 'rc.tr.
We Urill endeavor, onmhw fiiturrvnoqiMon^l* viow
ill at ihe moral :iu tfeU. *?>. lb* jwjrsicsl..
oiidition of criminals is madeswnr*e>bj ^<rv.
resent sy*rero of ^nislM&ejtf^wn
or to show theW^P*ry>pliacf\,.
Hiem in a" m<oal'^foiort* aaai Us. rtTieiejicjr ^*
,rry mil the objmrfnf law i? prefeotirtg.i^p^,,,.;
elievinjf, nswe do, that * theqorfsfoly,f :
lan the severity of pnniidioM^ge^frfr^^.; ^
rains the perpetrators^f-cftiws/J m1uic0p jf#
' J -M^ii e.itl-im tfcrtlHe W <*;*. :
' - Correspondence of; the Cawrtyi .H ?j .I;;,/
WiLKr^>i- eocrrtv, Msaa.,>A%?ir^: '
Mr. Editoet-orf -resam* ptepeojbf ^
ISO ?f writmg sometiuag ft*rj, ^
11cresting to ymur render*. J#.rp
the Cotton crop: In addition to fbe p tju .?
ickwand spring-.and er e ?v hilling fpj^tCww
ive soffrred' from , lhn ^incessant, faio^jfc^v
?ve caused Cotton to yowtoftlarge ? *
otiih eonjoined with the-raragesof Ixdl worm,
iiich will reduce, aM.itHr??timatv, the ?i?4d
the recent inundation on Bed Ri'er, liohfh*
a, sweeping as with'tne nesom of destnicon,
the entire Valley from 8Krr?rtp?t tn jjs i
met ion with tfie great '/ofifcer o/iaM/enr, mad
?stroying cotton, corn, "4tr'i- .inure
pcessity be a short crop nfeiWtorr'jn this State,
id tfironghnot thfc entire eotmureginnr'r But
fancy that the"p&Mitdt*trilP4ni amply chmpch*<
tied* by iHe high price "rfiat'Cotthn %<! mscfc* v
Ifltisl /liiwin/s lb<l (tMaAHf I rfWlHI I ""^laa Mliflirt ft mk
aiket in in* diiuirbr*fj?y the politic*??d c??olUiotis.
of Eueopr. y'tj.- - w; ^ .
The :\lra*iwippi,RiTpr ha* injjg f?*c? ?lW;.. .,
*d,. or: receded fpooi it#, high water onrlc'ia
ie spring, but "was ?ta<lually rising som* few ,
eeks siocr, from the wet .^ivatkef ai|?f rain*,,
h ich, in conjiiscliv't.vrit'h.&rnfy pVSf&fJffi*V.?*
? .4>a iprpi flow, ifojif :oa0*^L <!?$*
ed RiVff?/-. ? -i*-| rv :? citit :>*.?> vi-o ? * ' *
You have probably Jeayped ?re ft*.."
aylor Republican party,; "ti Mfbigaof ?1?V..
late, are making offl>a*4o hi in* pyt-p .?f,
id CotigrrM^nal, Tickef. -t.; cmpW p-it& tba
rpal Democratic ilosf, at the rorrifag election'
i November next. WV faltrfLeFli& been
imi noted bj* fh*c peni^al CV?mmtHe#-1hy*Giar~ ?
'nor, in opposition In Oen. Qhtlr??ia? *ttf
olmftler hotter., that* thF' DfctftirtfcWMartlt- ?
in ihe day; V?h * "**^1 be like &e loll! Tifnejr r'
(fie Ifutch txkfng H3n*wi. Tfo?f would *1- ?
ost more beaten andesrtfc. if io tirirpPwVr,'
achieve ticfoiy. To thf* end tbey
icting their batteries 'TgWf
ho regard* it aa little at he did f?6 'Btaffcadasuppose.
" cai a?j?.a .' " :;
In reference* th tlrf " '
iiig ha* 'been (Wile in~l'hi* Stale,-Vii': * Oiih '
niibnvfo* herdirr*Ja<dc"?oordntMftr*Miib*faJ^":
rut* tvrVe ch*fa'derilr<r by J'ptlre dl rttinrfbf '
outherii interests- Annthrf~tral lild.ii'
i tfcVet'iff OdMifihr ityit'fdr'-AiFflrtlflNiFdf i?*>'
ising some means to prepare for the encroadr-"
enti of the Northern fanatic*"."' In'iMl ifli
ith theabore, H hr t houghf Vi^edieM Jar WV?
i>rf'Leiriidatnee to'nasi tomfe taw nmhitWlM*'~
ie in I roduct mn'^r tffXres fKSm tflbefUMlV
irreby counteracting, if pouihle*'tlfe WtpM^**
rldci that'art being made ftf ertiattcipirti'?*b
i Kentucky/ * If we cfosir our tnaHifet tgafhsti
em, tliey majr take wisdom la tMf angar..'
id hold on to their property. There should,
merer* be a concert of action tai1 the fUtiHffi*
afes, in ortifrto cnrisrtrnnrthte tbf* nty*e?. "?*' Mr.
Benton *i< no do/ita Infatuated .
lildecfbawrble of fhrf- Prtafdennjr in - hi* Intettw'at
ions upon thy Free Soil qu??li6if in "Mia
uri. ' rpfedicHhat.'rtte anfUalarety parf^eiF"
e North will noinfnnte birtfrfcnd Mn Snimtrkl
ouston pi Ter*? the format for FiMJiHrHu#*
e latter fo'r Vice President; fnTSSST'iHried*
e little NeV York Magician, edlh afl th*
ng of thr" Fot'and Wea<eTi out geirt&lilfftfetfji *
y allusion ii to Mt. Vrfti' Bt'ird**
140 a Northern,/nan with Southern prinefc
es; but showed His hand Ust'ywur,1. id rather- "
a cloven fw?'iU In conclusion, Wf. Editor,
>u can* pttfilish-the above,t provided it it noi
r> caustic fort your democratic reader*! I am>> j
Whig, and w60M fcdt device- tn .winnd (heeling*
ef the peopU of-good old Sooth ?ar<* .
ta,-a* 1 had the plea*urje.?o?neJwelne jre*re?\
;o of sojoWrtygfinofcJ l<anca*icr-District
w moatH?, and received. tlnnr l*wpitftl?tt*?!... ? >*
Yoikrs,.re.?pfe<!#illjr, v.;, r
1 "'v. /()/ : f V 'S fj? V: I'll ?'?>&.*
. F??n the, Standi Cafoluiso.- fvW
NTRR^STINO CwtMlRES^VJMiSCE..*.
The following interesting-. Correspondence*.:
hich.'bn?-bf?tv placodm not-bood* for paid in*- .
>n, we take great pleasure in laying before*?
ir reader*^- r1-1-????V. ? |.<iW
:F vnifTtvi' I^PBtuTtfvvit _ ..i. */?
1 Cokunida,Jnly 14.?U?40, j-<rK:f
Madam:- Tb* Legi*laUiwvitl.K? jaal^ejNqftw,'.
rectedthe Governor "-in proline juwicausa Jpr,
presented, on behalf.ofth?,Stafe,;joi?e ap*,.,
npriale memorial to -the widow* vtHe. UlA^
eut. Col. Dickinson, a? endeoce of tha^JLtfy*,
gard and admiration of tb? StUa-.&f thg l^U,
rnt"d and distinguished dead.,v c,.
In the p?rformance of the bonocaJdo yetmrL.
icholy duty assigned me* J h?irekwiib lrnn?tniy
id ask ydur acorptanco of. wren piecea^f
ver, constituting a tea and cnflee aervlce.?~ tit
ercire; th*m, madaCm, da a tiaMonoiiisI
the high eatimation in' which Soath Cwro-u
, held one of the gallant defender* of-her
me ; preserve them'as a.m?morial of bia {Miotic
sea) and heroic conduct on every occwv
>n demanded h/ditty and'danger. - ?*j
Lieut. Cbl."Oickirtaon lived-a'brave, akiiAiN
d humane officer, and ''received hiamorMl
mind at his pout, where he was always (ohm*
md.- Although no token of the gratitude,
a PninmAntts^iahU ean JiaaSnal* tkn nav
ftdered by vnur bereavement, ?till the hope
indulged that the on* 1 now forward, wiW,
bile it reoall?4te' meet endearing domestic asciationa,*
be considered end held bjr you a*.
o reward-of b<morable aaerit l?e?tnwed> hy.*
rereign State upon a citizen ?oldirr, once
uc bosomfriend, but now, I tru$t, the com..
nion of hia God. g.
With aentimiNMrof respectful regard, I hps* w
e. honor to Ua^ypnr obedient servant, -. ? ,
WiiruAUR B.. Seamooi.
Mm. Eioia ^Jl|iauMft>, .0 ?- ..
,v ? .Bf.rn ?,* ? ??>; -.x*
V b V, OMWJffcM #?. U?nr
Duar 811. rimi.'jk 't? potitenua. of Coli
m