The Camden journal. [volume] (Camden, S.C.) 1836-1851, August 15, 1849, Image 2
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*
be. that their object will-he* as well attained
without it as with it. . It appears to me one of i
the most barren questions that ever divided a
country "barren in useful results, but fertile in
1 difficulties and dangers. I freely confess that
1 look with amazement upon the zeal and pertinacity
displayed in urging this measure under
| * these circumstances, and augur from them the
worst consequences. i- Theseuire.
my.sentiment*. They will give
oHence to man};, and \vi!| -expose me to much
obloquy ?- /But i do not hesitate thus openly to
avow them ; for every putdic man who is not
prepared to take a decided part agreeably to his
convictions, in times like these, is not prepared
to discharge one of the first duties which be,
longs to his position. ''To insure domestic
tranouility." in the words of the constitution,
was one^otC the-, great motives of the people of
the United States in the organization of their
present government. Measures which may
endanger that tranquility shouldibe scrutinized
with great caution, and never adopted but in
the last necessity, and then with great reluctaoce.
I am, dgiir sir, with great regard, truuly
yours, LEWIS CASS.
Thomas;Ritchie, Esq.
?
. f. From, the South Carolinian.
NON-INTERVENTION.
1 -i A.
The sign^.are .incretuing every oay m me
determination of the Democratic party North
to discard' {rorn-.their political creed the doctrines
of theWilmot Proviso, -and to adopt the
constitutional principle of strict non-interference
upon the slavery question. Speaking of
the letter of Gen; Cass, embracing this wholesome
doctrine, the Goshen (New York) Re?
publican says: - .
4,Th&letter1s the ablest and soundest political
document we have seen from any quarter
since tbe days of Gen. Jackson. We are not
without hope that it will have an influence for
good upon the Democratic Conciliation Convcntiotf
fchbtit to be held in this State."
hllm.1. Onat ..?*.*
* mc 4 auai/ui^ um oaj o*
"To kssume that Congress have the power
to establish slavery where it does iiol exist, only
tnakeslbi*.cpnverse of the proposition true, that
Congress have the power to abolish slavery
where it does exist, The true policy for the
Federal "Government to pursue is to let the
questioft of slavery alone, and permit the Stales
where ft exists to regulate it to suit themselves.
To this doctrine no considerable portion of the
South will object."
The Pennsylvania^ the leading Democratic
paper in the SiatO, in the conclusion of a long
article upon the subject says:
"For our own part we shall stand fast to the
Constitition and to the Union* and we believe
the first can only be saved from perversion, as
the last from ultimate and total destruction, by
clingirtj; steadily to the great principle of go*.
Intervk-nixon on the slave question, and hy
opposing the intrigues of those who are the hand,
ed foes,, either openly or secretly, ol both the
Constitution and the Union."
The'Bangor (Maine) Democrat, speaking of
non-intervention, ax a. nrinciole recognised by
- ^ r r ~r~ S"' rr^ ? r ? r-r ?
the Democrats of the Legislature, of that State,
say*: *
"Thelast resolution passed by the Democrats
of the'Maine Legslature, touching the slavery
questiotf, is in favor of toleration, and against
interpolating abolitionism into the Democratic
creed.'*
But what strikes us, as very singular is. the 9
following from (he St. Louis Union, Col. Benton
s leading organ, upon the subject of the
Proviso. YVhjle feebjy maintaining the right
of Congress to legislate, it holds the following
language:
MIf a proviso should ever be passed, applying
to tenhpries, it would be in no way binding
on the people in forming their State government
gjfyr ifrthey choose to incorporate slavery into
their Slate governments they would have a right
>o to do. - -As therefore no Democrat thinks
a proviso ofany Itind, for or against slavery,
passed by Congress in regard to territories,
could have any binding force perpetually on the
people, bih would be subject to any alteration
they saw prop er to make when State Consti- I
tulion should be adopted, it cannot be necessary
for suck an abstraction, as it is in the present
tcase, to be insisted on, when the Union may be
endangered by so-doing. For our Mexican territories
it is not Otily wholly unnecessary and ,
inexpedient, but xt. is positively mischievous
in its .effects upon the harmony of
wIMZS'_l._ I
' TDK UMOn TO LEGISLATE OA' SLAYKKX.
The above are a few of the Democratic ex- t
preasions with regard to the slavery question; {
and we are strongly induced to believe that the
Proviso will be abandoned by the whole party.
If so, it will scarcely pass Congress, provided
Southern Whigs are true, as doubtless they will
be, to.the interests of their constituency: Wo
will keep oar ey^opon the Whig papers?the .
few wbiek exchange with us?and will extract
the riunvaofthe leading organs of that party at
the North.
We regret thus far, that, with the exception j
ftbe New York Mirror, whose article we .
gave in our last, we find nothing in the Northern
Wbig press to justify any hope that the
South will receive a single Whig vote from the (
North; and come even avow [that Whig mein
l Or A r *t? -1_ Til 1
item sou otrnmors irom uic om?o oi<ue? win j
rote ff (be Wiimot Proviso. Tho Boston At. ,
las has ika Jullowiog; f
"Our readers will bear us evidence that we t
have endeavored to present the slavery exten- (
ion question fairly and candidly. We have ,
stated what every person knows to be true? ,
that every whig member of Congress from the (
free States would vole in favor of excluding ,
slavery from the territories of the Union, and
would exercitibk talents and influence to effect t
such a result. We know of no whig fthat does }
not. There are members from Indiana, Illinois |
and Michigan, who will go against freedom;
while on the other band, there are whig mem. 5
bers from slave States who will vote for it. r
Mr. Clay, we believe, will; so will the two whig <j
senators from Delaware; and Mr. Houston, the e
sepresenfative of that gallant State, has always r
voted for it. There is no doubt that General c
Taylor Witt affix bis signature to a bill contain- (
ing the proviso. We look upon the further a
extension of slavery upon this continent u
Jta A MORAL impossibility!"
The members from Indiana, Illinois, and t
Michigan, who, the Atlas says, will vote against 6
the Proviso, are of course Democrats. The I
Indiana State Journal, another leading Whig p
paper says:
"Every single whig editor and whig elector o
ft) this State occupied the ground always main- n
Mined ty'ffte'-whtgt of the North?an uncom- p
promistngopposition to slavery\extension. They p
yet maintain that ground; and the northern whips 0
have the power in the next Congress, they will a
engraft that doctrine upon the law organizing
the new territories, or else they will remain tin r
organized. There caw he nothing more cer- v
than the happening of that even!." q
Anothei'Whfg paperbas the following with \
*
regard to tho President's course. This is al
testimony from his own political friends:
"The Washington Union puts the inquiry di
rect to the Republic?'In the event of the pas
sages of a law containing the Wilmot Proviso
or any similar provision, will Gen. Taylor veti
it, or will he approve it?'
"This query is unnecessary, if the Union ha
marked Gen. Taylor's position. If Congres
should pass the Wilmot Proriso, or any simila
provison, Gen. Taylor will sign iL If not, h
violates the pledge given to the people,"
Under the existing organization of parties, wi
have no hesitation in asserting, that if we havi
any frionds in the North, they are to be found ii
the Democratic party.
From the Shrevoport Caddo Gazelle.
COL. WIG FALL AND GEN. HOUSTON
We fully designed giving a synopsis ot thi
speeches of Gen. Houston and Col. Wigfall. a
Marshall, but for want of space we are oblige*
to make our notice of them brief. Notwith
standing the inclemency of the day, the con
course of hale, healthy.tinged,- honest-face*
people was immense. We must confess, that i
we ever entertained an opinion prejudicial t
the beauty, honesty, gallantry, and hospitality n
the good people of Texas, that opinion was for
i i i r _ J -i
ever oantsneu irom our nunuuuring our inupu
rary sojourn in Marshall. To use the expres
sive language of the Hero of San Jacinto, " th
Toxiansare the cleverest people in the world.
But, paulo majora canamus. Gen. Houston'
speech was an able and ingenious, though, w
think, unsuccessful, defence of his vote upon th<
Oregon bill. He evidently attempted, an
doubtless expected, to honeyfuggle tho goo
hearers, and get up a general hurrah for " 01
Sam." The onus of his speech was a tirade c
virulent abuse, indiscriminately heaped upoi
John C. Calhoun and the Southern Address.?
Ha made no allusion to his deviation from th
written instructions of his constituents, sent hir
at the same time that he received his appoint
ment from the Texan Legislature. He mad
no excuse for publishing his free soil letter ii
the organ of the Whig party. He mentione
not a word that fell from his devout lips, whe
the abolitionists at the North ejaculated the t
triumphe ! But he expatiated with Ciceronia
peculiarity upon his identity with the earl
history of Texas. Batt'es, toils, hardships an
sufferings were recounted ; and the achieve
ments of himself passed over to the no sma1
admiration of the silent auditor, lie dilate
with sepulchral voice, and moving diction, upo
the attempt of some to take from him his fai
nurl thp u'nvintT nliirnp of hi* hritrhf
......V, ^
tiny, fiis speech was interlarded with ric
and racy anecdotes, which we relished; hi
for the life of us, we could not relish the doc
trities they were intended to season, and rende
palatable Gen. Houston is a calm, dignifiei
impressive, and self-possessed speaker. Hi
address and manner are captivating beyon
description ; and his action, that which enter
largely into the composition of the orator, i
gracelul and easy. Hiseagie eye, his engagin
manner, bis clear, deep toned roice, and hi
inimitable faculty of recitation, combined wit
good common sense, mother wit, and overpow
erittg irony and sarcasm, entitles him to n
mediocre position in the scale of oratorical merit
When Gen. Houston finished his speech, tb
very welkin rang with a call tor Col. Wigfal
This gentleman mounted the stand, armed wit!
documentary weapons, ready alike for defene
,and attack. We saw at once that the 44 lug c
war" was coming, as the bold, daring, and in
domitablc Colonel, with resolute mcin, stead
nerve and impassioned manner, brandished hi
rapier over tho opposing Greek. He held hin
?*" ?/? U nob1i? rnrvr/ibotinn o nr) kflO nOfl P**lmi
UJ# IV rl,"lV -
upon Ossa with such dexterity, that we veril,
thought the old General's world wide fame n
more than the "visual line which girt hit]
round." The couplet occurred to us :
" I pity the man whom the public gaze
Has made the object of censure or praise."
Wc cannot too highly estimate Col. Wigfal
for his prompt, energetic and patriotic defone
of Southern rights. While such a man raise
his eloquent voice for the Star Stale, no ambi
tious and aspiring Senator can misrepresent he
with impunity. Col. Wigfall's powers of an
atytical and logical argumentation, and his ex
tensive political knowledge, designate him a
no ordinary man. He is a sound democrat, ai
unswerving advocate of the institutions of thi
South, and a formidable foe upon the stump
tn the progress, and fuiure history of Texas, i
requires no great divination to see, that thi
name of Colonel L. T. Wigfall will be promi
nently inscribed upon the page that survive
the wreck of nations.
FROM FLORIDA.
Reports of Further Depredations.?
From passengers by the Florida boat, wo lean
hat another express arrived at Palatka, just ai
he boat was leaving, giving information of th<
murder, by the Indians, ol six or seven negroes
:he property of somo of the settlors on the Ma
mtee, between Tampa Bay and Charlott'i
Harbor. It is stated that the Indians first at
empted to carry off the negroes, but they re
listing, were killed upon the spot.
It is further reported that the company o
!roops from Tampa, with a few volunteers, cam*
jpon the trail of the Indians and pursued i
o the bank of a stream, (tho name of whicf
we did not learn,) where the bridge used foi
:rossing bad been destroyed, and the Indians
o the number of one hundred appeared on the
ipposite side,'armed and painted, giving the wai
whoop, daring she troops to cross. Being sr
unall a number in comparison to the Indians
he troops felt obliged to decline the invitation
ind return to Tampa.
These reports, which are said to he well am
henticated, evince a disposition to hostility wc
rave heretofore suggested, and of another regu
ar outbreak.
An editorial in the Jacksonville News of the
18th July, written before the receipt of the
lews by the last express, intimates that these
lepredations are not the consequence of a gen
iral rising of the Seminole nation, staling a>
easons, that Billy Bow Legs, one of the prin
ipal chiefs, had been met by the United Staler
roups from Tampa, who solemnly disclaimer
,11 participation in the affair, and charged i<
ipon a band of outlaws of the tribe.
All the plantations are deserted, and the fron
ier towns along the St. Johns, Lake Monroe,
Ire., are placed under military dpcipltne.?
)weiling8 on plantation most exposed are being
icketed in, as during the last war.
l'or a long time tho Indians have had every
pportnnity of providing themselves with the
aeuns of defence. They have been laying up
revisions, and have secured a full supply ol
>owder and lead. They havo increased in
lumbers, and feel themselves ready for another
ttempt to gain full possession of the country.
It is rumored, but we do not credit it, that
enforcements of other Indians have made their
ray into Florida, from Alabama and other
fnarters. There were a few Indians left in
Vest Florida who might have joined the Semi
????M????mmmmnmatmmm?????an
1 noles, hut their numbers were few, and unimportant.
j
Whether our details are strictly correcl
- or not, one thing is- certain, they are believer
i, in Florida, and the authorities of the State are
o promptly acting in reference to this belief.
Gov. Mnseley has issued a requisition for s
s large number of volunteers, and will prosecute
s a war of removal or extermination. We have
r heard of the requisition amounting to the num
e ber of five hundred, and that if necessary, i
will he further increased. One company ha.1
a left Tallahassee. One hundred men will bt
b mustered into service at Jacksonville, by Col
a Pons to-morrw, and double that number wt
learn are in readiness. Requisitions havt
lilintvi?r? hppn mnrlo rtn ihp nlhpr ertlinlipH ir
East Florida. There will he no lack of vol
. nnteers from the Stale. And from the wel
e known character of Gov. M use ley. we are sat
t isfied that the Indians will he removed, if no
J hy the General Government, hy the State au
- thorities. ?Savannah paper, Extra, Aug. 1.
! THECAMDEFJOTRNAL
f Wednesday Morning, August 15, 1819.
W. TIIURLOW CASTON, EDITOR.
0 Letter or Gen. Cass ?We < irecl attention to llii
? able document. Doubtless many Southern Whig
g regret that their votes were not given in electing llii
e friend of the South to the Piesidency. Ho# urilik
g the tnsd recklessness and unprincipled ambition o
j Benton, and other unsound politicians in the region o
j fanaticism, does this bold and manly declaration o
j attachment to right and justice appear. We only re
tf grot tlut this full exposition of his views was not mad
K^r^ra il.n Prnairtnntial election. for we believo it wouli
H ywiw.w ??iv a . -
have greatly strengthened the Southern vole in hi
e favor. We trust it may liuvo its proper effect upoi
n the Northern advocates of tho odious Proviso.
o COL B03SARDS NEW RICE-POUND1NC
? MACHINE.
d The Scientific American publishes a description e
it this new invention, which was given in the Journa
0 near two months since, and says "it conveys tho oxac
n idea of tho old Stamping Mills." As there are ro
V Mills known in this section of the country by thu
d name, Col. B. requests information as to the characle
' and object of Stamping Mills. The description a
published in tho Scientific American, is full of crroi
d two of which arc important, and in tho lunguagc o
n Col. B., wholly foil's to convey a correct idea of his ma
r chine. The two lifters aro said to pass up the "interio
' sides of the pestle," whereas, the Journal describes then
h as passing up the " exterior sides." Tho Scientifi
'I American, in describing the office of the single liftoi
!* makes an important omission. It saj's, "the singl
r ' lifter entoring a mortice in the centre of the pcstl
'* " while ascending, receives its weight at the instan
s tho parallel lifters arc at the elevation required,'
d when the invontor doscribes it as "entering a morlic
s " in the centre of the pestle while it is nsconding
s " reeeives its weight at the instant the parallel lifter
o 11 ore oxtricatud from the pinions, and finishes tin
s " elevation required." Tho single or centre liftc
'' raises the peslla to tho elevation required, after th
double or parallel lifters are forced to leave it by th
0 revolutions of the shall. As an inaccurate descriptioi
Ot the inactlino inigni prejudice me Claim iur u paiem
? it in nothing but justice to Col. B. to inako all r.nces
sary corrections, We have seen the model machin
I intended to be exhibited to the Patent Office, am
e regard it ns a correct representation of the invention
it
Florida Indians.?From the simultaneous attack
y mado upon the whiles, in Florida, by the Indians
5 there is no doubt but a general outbreak is content
II plated, Governor Mo?ely, of that Stale, has taker
steps to raise companies of volunteers to protect th
* settlers. The General Government has sent fron
0 Sullivan's Islund n portion of Company ' F," Unite*
n Slates troops, under 2nd Lieutenant Robinson, to aii
in keeping the Indians down ; arid a steamer has beer
ordered to take troops from Pascagoula and Pensacoli
1 to Tampa Bay. It is liopod that tho energetic mcas
urcs of the Government will soon force them to ecus
6
^ their depredations.
A STATE PENITENTIARY.
We fully concur in the remarks of our neighbor o
the Carolinian, relative to tho establishment of u Pen
8 ilentiary in this Stale. Other Southern States havi
^ adopted the system, and seem well pleased with it
The punishment uf criminals in this Slate is attende<
with great expense?constituting a heavy item in the
t annual appropriation bill; not so much from the largi
? number of offenders, but from the mode of inflicting
penalties. Any change, therefore, that can be made
t which would save money, or u system adopted whicl
would support itself, without drawing upon tho public
Treasury, deserves the consideration of our Legislators
But the strong argument in favor of a Penitentiary
is, that no other mode of inflicting ponallics so wcl
. regulates the degree of punishment, in accordance will
, the aggravation of tho offence. It must be admitted
, that, to punish more than what isdesorved, is unjust tc
tho individual, and to punish less is equally unjust tc
. the community. The one or the other is often done
j under our present system, A Penitentiary metes it oul
. in due proportion to the crime.
The Editor of tho Carolinian promises his roadort
additional argument in favor of the suggestion, and we
f join with liirn in the belief " that the Legislature would
j be conferring a benefit on the Slate by taking prclimiI
nary steps towards its establishment at its next session."
I
p The Author of "Brutus."?The Spartan, of the
) 26lh ult? in speaking of a letter received by Barrett,
> signed B. II, '.V., staled the belief that a Baptist
p Preacher, formerly of this State, by the name of W,
) II. Brisbane, was the author of''Brutus."
, Ho lived in the lower part of the State, but was on
, a visit once to that section, as a Dclegntc to the Bethel
Baptist Association nt New Hope.
He left the Stale some 12 or 15 years ago. The
I next number of the Spartan contained the following
letter, in which tho writer states ho has no doubt but
that Brisbano is a prime mover in the dark plots
? against us:
j Mount Zion, S. C., Aug. 1,1849.
, Mr. Editor: Vou are no doubt right in supposing
that William Ilenry Brisbane is the author of the
Barrett letters, and the prime mover of those dark
1 and wicked Abolition schemes, which of late have
i J- .1 ,Ui:? min/1
SO mucn uisquieiuu uiu puunv
' VV H. Brisbane commenced the publication of a
I Baptist paper in Charleston in the year 1833 or 4,
t was considered by the Baptist denomination sound
on the subject of slavery, a man of talents, and
well calculated to edit the denominational paper
of this State. His paper was generally patronised
1 by the Baptists in South Carolina. However, it
was not long befoie his Abolition sentiments be>
gan to be developed, and the paper was turned
over, I believe, to Dr. Brantly, in whose hands it
' died. Brisbane, after selling some thirty slaves,
i made hie escape to the State of Ohio, where he
, has been I suppose plotting his fiendish designs
f against the peace of his native State ever since.
1 well remember Mr. B.'s attendance at New Hope
Association. This iB the only time I ever saw
him, though I am familiar with his history, and my
deliberate opinion is, that a more infamous scoun
drel scarcely lives on the earth.
Yours, Sic., JOHN G. LAN DRUM.
Ellwood Fishes, Esq.?The Washington Union
states that a sumpluons and crowded supper carno off
4*
BSagBDBMBBMBBBBHBHaBlBBHDBBHBBEMBrMMMBMMMKB
recently at the Warrenton Springs, Virginia, in lienor
of E. Fieher, Esq., the author of the celebrated lcltors
I on the South. 1
I It was given by the members ofllio Legislature then ^
! in session at that place, and the aisiters at the Springs (
nrd the citizens of the vicinity, Col. Hopkins, 1
t Speaker of the House, presided, who called out Mr. F. ^
with a toast and a few remarks. He responded in an v
1 impressive speech, anl was followod by Genoral Foote, '
Senator fiom Mississippi, by Ex Governor William 1
1 Smith, and by other gentlemen. "
i t
5 Preservation op Newspapers.?The following ox. 1
collent suggestions are from the Augusta (Ga.) Chroni- '
! clc, in which wo fully concur. We recommend them '
' to the attention of our Legislators, as worthy of con- '
1 sideration :
A recent law of the State of New York requires '
1 each county in the State to subscribe for and pre- '
. serve two newspapers published in the county, if
1' ? ? I." Tklj. ..till .a.ii.a tkn kool mn_ ]
\ ?u many inure uc. i iii? win oc< u>? mo if^ov
terial for the future historian. The plan is an excellent
one, and should be adopted in other States.
Every year increases the value of newspapers and
- the dignity of journalism. It should be the constant
aim and pride of the conductors of the press
? to avoid writing or publishing anything that will
. offend the more correct taste and enlarged views of
succeeding generations. Personal altercations,
ephemeral triumphs, and sectional antipathies, are
in their nature short-lived. They will soon be
- buried among the tilings forgotten.
h To the Memory of Ex President Polk.?On Wed- *
s we>day, 25Ui ult., the solemn exercises in Boston,
e commemorative of the many virtnes of the late PrcsU J
^ j. < ^^ Bj
f aant, wcro performed before an immense audience.
f The Hon. Levi Woodbury, Judge of the United
f States Supreme Court, delivered the Eulogy, which
. has appeared in dhe Washington Union. It is an
e able production, a deserving tribute to departed merit, (
d worthy the subject, the speaker, and the occasion. It
h is nol an over.wrought pregyrick, bestowing unmean. ,
n ing and unmeasured praise, but it in just and truthful, >
awarding to the illustrious deceased many high Ttrtuts
as a successful statesman, patriot and President,
r In closing, the speaker paid the following just tribute |
to liia memory : i
f " He sleeps now where flattery, if indulged in, ,
I " could not soothe the dull cold ear of death." But
M it is only just to add, that a nation laments his
"premature departure?a nation is proud of his
0 " name and fame?a nation will embalm his worth
t "?a nation unites in paying the sad honors to h.s '
r 4*meinory."
Ciioi.era.?Number of deaths by this disease, in
f Boston, during the week ending Aug. 4, was 52; in
. New York, for the same period, 678; in Philadelphia,
r 95 ; and at Washington 6. Many other deaths ocii
curr cholera infantum, cholera morbus, diarrhoea,
c and by inflammation of the bowels, not classed in the
above enumeration,
c Caromnians Abroad ?J. D. B. Dcbow, Esq., (snys
t the Charleston Courier,) lias been elected Professor of
' Political Economy, Commercial Law, &.C., for the
o summer term, with tho commission of Lieut. Colonel.
? R. G. Barnwell, Esq , olso of this Slate, Professor of
*'-J * ?i *> ii- r _s.l. iL. I.
p jnuucrn Languages ana Denes lymrcs, wun mo mun
e of Captain ; and Hon. Thomas B. Moornc, of tho
r University of Louisiana, Professor of Constitutional,
c Military and Inturnational Law. in the Kentucky Mili0
tary and Collegiate Institute, near Frankfort, Ky.
,, Removals.?The Carolinian says : \Vc notice that
1 the Administration has made a clean sweep in the
c Custom House at Savannah, Ga.
i. ELECTIONS
Have recently been hold in Alnhoraa, North Carolina,
a Tennessee, Kentucky and Indiana, full returns of '
i, which have not yet come to hand, except from North
Carolina, in which Stale, the Whigs have elected six 1
n and the Democrats three members of Congress,
e In Alabama, tho election was fur Governor and
i members of Congress. Collier, Democrat, is elected
i Governor without opposition. Hilliard, (Whig.) is
j elected to Congress?the balance of tho Delegation
a it is supposed will be Democratic,
i In Tennessee, Trousdule, (Democrat) is elected \
Governor by a large majority, over the present Whig
c incumbent, and thoro is said to be a gain of three J
j Democratic mombcrs of Congress,
i In Kentucky, the Democrats, so far as heard from,
have elected four members of Congress,
f In Indiana, the Democratic candidates for Governor
and Lieut. Governor, ore elected by large majorities.
OCT We direct attention to the interesting
communication of our correspondent "J."?
Concurring in his views as to the importance
of sustaining our periodical literature, we have
written a notice of two Southern Reviews, and
would have included PeBow's had we received
it. To the enquiry whether " we have any
mucquitoes to spare." we answer, we have
"nothing else" and if our friends on the coast are
in need, we can supply them in qualities to suit
purchasers. Let your orders be for the :e zee
zee buzzing sort.
Wo rejoice to hear of the good health of the
city, and trust it may long continue. The
health of the up country was never belter at
this season of the year.
; c
I CROPS. |
From all the surrounding country, in this as |
' well as in other Districts, we learn that seldom r
or never have the Corn crops looked so prom- f
1 iaing at this season of the year Rains have ^
been abundant throughout the South, and the 1
Corn appears generally to be good. On the t
red lands of the Waihaw, in Lancaster District,
and near the North Carolina line, where it is t
a rare circumstance for too much rain to fall, F
we understand that immense crops will be 8
raised, and that unless something very unfa* a
, vorable should occur, Corn cannot bring next n
1 winter more than 25 cents per bushel. And a
many of the sandhills, too, in this and other a
Districts, which ordinarily yielded about five j
bushels per acre, will this year produce from 10 |,
to 15 bushels. It has been, however, to wet a
for Cotton. The forms are beginning to drop f1
off) and in some places, very extensively. It is j1
impossible to say at this early stage of the season,
whether the yield will be an average one 0
?p nnt. Some of our Alubama exchanges eive o
I he opinion that in that State not more than r
three-fourths of an average crop will be gath- *
cred, and in some parts of this State, if the fears Q
of the planters are well grounded, the usual s|
number of bales will not bo mado. e
P
Conviction of Nkgroes.?Four more of si
the negroes who participated in the recent out- g
break at the workhouse in Charleston, have If
been tried and convicted. a
They were sentenced to 6ve years imprisonment,
and to receive fifteen lathes an the first tl
Friday month for sis months, with the privilege a
allowed to their owners, of selling thein out of o
the States at the end of twelve months. o
PLANK ROAD TO CHARLOTTE. 8ij
We o?k tho attention of our readers to the following pi
eport of P. F* Holcomb, E?q., on Plank Roads in iir
'Jew Yosk, which appeared in extracts in tha Macon, en
Ga.) Journal. A portion of it may have appeared in ca
his paper some months since, but as it contains that in
rind of information so much reeded at this time, and in
vhicli we desire to keep before the people, that its eli
iccond appearance requires no apology. It gives that
ipon which we need to be cnliglited?the incipient th
itcps of constructing such Roads?the case, rapidity, fr<
* 1 r 1 * ? nvsnfmaLla fA
ma cneapness 01 which mpi uu vmumji; ^ v.nvouio. -iVe
direct attention to the remarks upon the sufficiency 0*
jfone Hack, in which Hon. Thomas Spencer, member ki
>f the New York Legislature, by letter which has t>f
>cen placed in our possession, fully concurs, I)*
As everything relating to the coat of auch Roads is pi
if interest, we give the following : * sp
J sills (scantling,) 4 in. as
by 4 in., 2X4X4X5780= 14,090 ft. se
Plank 8 feet long bv 3 in. 12 b<
thick, " 8X3X5280=125,720 th
Nunber of ft. plank and sills in 1 mile. 140,800
At 85 per thousand feet, ?704 _.
Laying and grading (per mile,) 320 J.'
Add for engineering superintendence, 100 dt
Add for gate h???ses, 100 w
Ccst per mile, 81224 ih
The following is Hie cost of a Road running from ar
Lake Michigan to Fox River, where hemlock timber is 'f
jsud at $G per M. ar
Cost of timber per mile?140,800 ft at ?5, $844
Laying and and gradiug road do. 820 pj
Sluici g, Bridging and contingencies, 100
Engineering superintendence, &c., 100 .
Gates and gate houses, say, 100 .
_ 18
Cost per mile, $1464 i*
The cost of a Road from lierc to Charlotte would 11
not, probably, be more than $1300 per mile, and the rn
distance was decided to be, when a Rail Road was h'
under consideration, about 76 miles. The country is a
generally level, and we team that it is ascertained that in
the plank can bo procured at $5 per thousand feet, th
If so, the wholo Road would riot cost more thin $100. f(
J /? * . '. -a . O _1'M ' _/
uuu?a sum *curceiy sumcicni 10 consiruci o umcv oi
& Rail Road. Sorely that amount might be easily lil
raised. But to tho Report : si
"This Road (the Utica and Rome) i< not ret gi
complete?about one-third of its length remain- at
ing to he constructed. The estimated cost, in- u|
eluding grading, superstructure, bridging, toll c<
bouses, and everything complete is estimated v?
at $2,000 per mile. As near as I could learn, tr
the average cost is about $1,500. The most
expensive road of which I have imy knowledge, pt
is that from Ilion to Cedarville, length 8 miles,
cost $2,200 per mile. This road is located
a'ong the valley, and occasionally precipitous p4
slopes of a mountain stream, and sometimes it V
was found necessary to divert the stream is
from its bed into a new channel, and or. di
casiunally also, to cross and re cro?sit. The tc
descent in the 8 miles of road is 700 leet. the w
maximum however, being six inches and fiveeights
in a rod, or sixteen and a half feet. fe
"This is n much lower maximum, than is la
common, or even desirable; as twelve inches m
in sixteen and a half feet makes a very good bi
road; and I travelled upon Plank Roads with
inclinations of one foot in ten?but it was the ol
intention of the companies on whose roads these st
inclinations were found, to grade them to an w
easier rateV I would suggest one foot in six- ci
teen and a half as a proper medium between T
too great outlay fir grading on the one hand, hi
and too steep grades on the other. I discover- ai
nd no tendency or liability of\the horses to slip l<
on steeper Inclinations, a?tbe plank being laid d<
cross.wisp, afford, perhaps, the very best' loot if
hold of any road in use; but the counteracting tf
effect of gravity will be seriously felt by adopt- di
ing a much higher standard, or in other words bi
a much steeper grade than one tool in sixteen 01
and a hall. ir
"The preliminary steps having been taken as la
before described, the clearing, grubbing,and lev. pi
eled20 feel in width. Preparation tor laying the w
superstructure is then made, by plowing or pick, m
ing up (usually the former) the surface, and w
making it mellow and convenient to be brought ol
info the precise shape required. On one side b<
of the centre of the graded track, two channels ci
ire then dug, being guided by a line which is
stretched where one end of the planks will come, to
These channels are dug such a distance apart m
hat the stringers when laid in them, will be fil
seven leet apart from outside to outside. At gt
:he first glance it might appear preferable to
have them ttparer 'together; but it is understood
his would involve liability in the planks to tip
up when a heavy loaded wagon drives upon the
road, having a bearing at first on the extreme at
jnds of the planks. a;
"The mud sills or stringers having been pro. m
terly adjusted in the trenches, the earth having th
teen previously made mellow, is filled in around le
tnd between the stringers, and also fur the ye
"pace of a few inches on the outside of them, th
Phis filling is raised about one inch above the se
.1 I 1_
Wringers, and is now rpariy to receivo me piana, re
vhich are uniformly eight feet long, and of any of
vidth frotn ten to fifteen inches, and frequently
.vider at one end thnn the other: which while "j
t effects a saving of timber, is at the same an ei
idvantaga from the facility it affords in turning re
:urve8i by putting several wide ends or buts to* of
(ether in succession. The thickness of the cr
ilanks varies on different roads from three to on
bur inches, though the former is much the most br
ommon. The stringers are pretty uniformly th<
bur inches square, and any convenient length ca
rom sixteen to twenty feet, and simply laid end
o end without any splicing or fastening. In lot
nine indunces planks three inches thick and on
welve inches wide, have been recommended no
ind adopted, hut the four inch stringer is much sit
nore common, and appears to answer the pur. tb<
iose well, as little reliance is placed upon the un
tringers for the bearing. tic
' Two men place the plank in its place, and in
, third standing upon it, with a heavy wooden op
naul made of a sound piece of timber two And ar
, half feet long, and eight inches thick, with ba
pin through one end for a handle, strikes the wl
lank n blow upon its edge in the middle to a I
rive it up to its fellow. Then three or four
lows are given upon the surface of the plank Mi
t different points, when it becomes firmly and ne
ccuratcly settled down to the stringers, carry* he
tig wi th it the earth which had been filled a* in<
r?vo th<? clrmirnra nnrl nn wbinh ihe nlailk now of
lainly depend* for its stipuort. One more blow
n the edge of the plank finishes the R<
peration, by which time another plank is in yo
pady, and the process is rapidly repeated. I he
hould remark, however, that each plank is al- ce
srnately laid in and out, or jutting past each
ther about three inches, for the purpose of as- *p<
isting the wheels to rise upon the road in the bit
vent of a rut being formed at the ends of the an
lank. The planks, however, are all cut the lat
imo length, and are either delivered upon the be
round eight feet long, or sixteen feet. If the
titer, they are piled up and sawed in two with is i
cross-cut saw. ^ Up
"In order to facilitate the escape of the water to
tat falls upon the road, the planks are laid with Dr
n inclination towards the ditch, on that side inf
f the graded road on which the planks are laid tur
f two inches in six feet, or iay three inches in
hijggfij g i m r" i^"r
i feet, or say three inches in the length ofthd
ank, so that ail the water that does oat All
(mediately at joint*, is conducted off altfc* >i A?*
ids. To effect this, a straight.edge with wmh
rpenter'a level properly adjusted toit, i* used /'?
laying down the stringers, the ends of it wwts
g upon either stringer, and their respectird' [ . Ic
pvationa arranged accordingly. * *'!
Now follows the filling id of -the earth-a^ *; sir
e ends of the planks necessary to keep <heit>
>m moving laterally, as they are not attached
the stringers by any kind of fastening wbalter,
neither spikes, pins, or any thing of the
nd, bping necpssary, and to facilitate dreeing . ?
?on and off the road. This filling is commonraised
about throe inches at first ahore the
a ks, so that when it becomes thoroughly
\.ed and compacted by use, it will be at least .j -. i't ,
; high as the pnds of the planks, 'lftt should
ttle below this, attention must immediaSeif '-itT"
? given to restoring the proper eleratioi^ hy : .
e addition of more earth. A slope on the Vr,
tch side should be given of about three iaehea^ \> I
the foot. The earth which it used 'in the -v ling
in may be obtained from the ditcheil TW ' 'v
tches are, of course, r:n essential part ofthff : *ns
oik, and nil the care and expense bestowed: in , " I 0
st opening them, and afterwards keeping
em clear and in order, will he arapJyrepjrid- ,
id on no account must this be neglected.-^hey
should he two feet wide on the bottom* '
id I wo feet below the top of the plank*. > *,
"On that side of the graded mad not bccti.r:
ed by the plank, a * good earth road moat te."
ade resembling in contour the side of the load
id with plahk^-dilch and all. . This of- course
intended to apply where a single plank trade i - used
; and it will he a matter of surprise to ail*
r<-ntu re to predict, on first travelling on a plank wt
ad, as it was with tne; how completely-ahd: ? .v
>w conveniently a single track accommodate*;- u?i'i
large business. I could discover-no mom
convenience in vehicles passing each other
ott in tkr. mieaatm nf M 4fnn Ttii* kail annpa t
I to me a great difficulty andolgectinh-tn a
ngle track, and I wis surprised to find bow " *
tie foundation it had, inflict, and how weli &
ngle track answered al demands upon-fc'Tbfr '!o
cat hulk oft ravel being upon the plank, ami -^5?
id the earth road being only used to turn out~
K>n, it lias little tendency to cut up andWi&rfrrj
>me rutted, as it will seldom happened thatyi*\
bicle in turning out will- takej the wwetirW*
ack of a previous one. VtSV!
Some of the roads leading from the pvtacs-&3M? ^
il marts nre laid with a double track &raidu& odJ nI ,
nee of three or four miles; Inheres here/thd
cond track might a|)parentiy^h?ve beeh di*v;;?Hi"i 'rr
?nsed with without niucb iiiconvehiobjce.-r- . ' \
/hen a double, or second track is laid down, it
(imply a duplicate uf the firsthand has no
rect connection with it; a space ' bf fnanrhij) ^
1 four feet is left between the two whlcb-'fefiHid -di"^ >
ith earth rained a liltlo above:either.tracks:;1 lulu
"This is obviously, as a general nUe^pns-' - - :
rable to doubling the length of the planksajjlij uttij
tying the twro track? in connexion;
tay be case?, however, where this coowe mights ami
e expedient. " id *'*&&&# J
" Il will be an easy task to estimate the cnitmr rrPlank
Roads, so far as the wbbd in super* .*
mcture is concerned. The grading, -?
'ill of course, depend entirely; upon circtlmstanv o-.?.
s; but ought not to exceed 4 te $500 per mile*, rr wf
here are. of three inch plank and-eight feat .
>ng, in a mile, 116/720 feel, hoard messwey t,<w.
nd of scantling or stingers, four inches aquan^ 5,080
feet?total 141,800 feet. Thi?,*t .seven o1
hilars per th?uea??<i,?wKtoK [ftrlnpi yiH b?- - * 1
ip cost here, though in the State of New^Hfajk-.'T
ie price i?. in some instances, as lot* at fivn ^
>llars anil a half per thousand; the average ,
eingsix dollars; $902.60. Six men will lay
te hundred and ten yard* per diy. '* Otic
i which 1 observed the operation, seven men T>
,ie twenty eight rods. At one dollar per.di(r,
?r hand; including overseeing, tool
nuId be $96 per mile for laying. If we r*ti. ;
ate the Riling in, dee., at half Uu**unMK%$b, *
e have $1136 as the cost of road, ijtdrpeftd^t,:
"grading; for which no accorate.es!jmqte /Tfflh:: r?<-V
i submitted, without a knowledge of ike cim
imstances and facts oftbe case? .
* Little engineering is required further than
trace the line upon the ground, and at the,
ost difficult points to indicate the cuttingug . .. u
ling necessary to bring the road to a proper
-ade." Mi :
rt\ -J *
Corrcspondeece of The Csmde& Jour^alr. .. v
Charleston, 4th Aug., 184$, .
Dear Sir: The season of accidents; murders, ?f ^
-sons, burglaries, trials, mobs and exe.cqtipns ,f
>pears to hare gone by, and leg us ill the
idst of a dead calm in such matters. During
e interval which has elapsed- since my laat^vvrIter,
I have had ample material for filling tip ? <,
mr columns with a a spicy" variety ill each -of ,-B.
cse departments. Hut I suppose T?u? h?TO ?
en enough of all these things iit'tbe papera-tOM,^.
nder both you and your readers heartily sick ^
this description of entertainmeut. si,: < )vrf?
Of nintisements we hare scarcely any, egcej*
shark catching," which is indulged in to spam
tent by some of our active young gentlemen,^,
leased for the summer holidays lro?t the care* ~tmf
more sedentary buaiuess occupations. S*y.
al " pretty stout specimens" have been drawn
it of their native element, to flounder for .a . -t
ief period on the "unaccustomed shore,"aid ..... *
en yield up this mortal part. One of these
ught the other day was 15 feet long. =
We have " land sharks" loo, not quite so
rig, but equally dangerous ih theirdepnmnenta
i shore. There is a place of considers)*!* wr itedown
town, called "Elliott Street," where
ch gentry " do congregate." They prey, like
sir brethren of the sea, upon the weak and
suspecting. They are the bane and destrvc hi
of the poor tempest-tossed mariner, who,
seeking a port in a storm, often ialld into the
en jaws of these insidious monsters. They
a not to bo caught with bait. The migtyy
rpoon of the Law is the only iiuiriuneftt
lich can reach them?eveu then, they am ' ^
lawless crew.
Temperance Hall continues open on .every
onriay evening. SpenKers anu signers ar??
ver wanting. Thn cause with lis is in n
alihv state ?no parade or excitement?work.
? its way silently and steadily into thofevwr
all classes of the people. ,
I am glad to see that the subject of Plank
>ads is engaging the attention of the people
ur section. The experiment is to he trier)
te shortly. It is a popular one, and its sue*
is is by no means problematical.
The " Southern Quarterly" (ur July is highly- i.
ikeu of. I hope this noble work so credit*.
i to the talent and enterprise of the South,
d especially of our own State, is well rireu* ,Klved
in your district and vicinity. It ought to ,
liberally sustained. / ; .... in, *
" DeBow's Southern and Wester# Review"
...il...?n.L nM?.niiu fko ilrnnoMt dtillU
BliUIUCI n U? f\ |UV?V 1WW W" - .-p ,
on us at Carolinian*. The Editor it destined
occupy a high position in the field of letters* )
urge upon your patron* the duty of support,
I these inraloable contributions to our liteme.
. ./
Crowds Uf our folks are recreating u tU*/