The Camden journal. [volume] (Camden, S.C.) 1836-1851, August 09, 1848, Image 2
It I i
PRESIDENT'S MESSAGE.
The following message was tent by Mr. Polk,
on Monday the 24th ultl, to the House o[Representative*.
.
Ib the House of Representatives of the United
States.
In answer to resolutions ol the. Hou?e of Repreventative
ot the lOlhimtt. request inn information
in-relation to. New VfetiroaiKl Califor-.
nia, I communicate herewith report* from the
Secretary ol State, the Secretary ot Treasury,
the Secretary ot War, Secretary of the Navy,
wilh documents which accompany the same..
These reports and documents contain infbrmalion
upon the several points of inquiry embraced
by the resolutions* "The proper limits and
boundarie^-oPNew Mexico and California" are
delineateil in the, map. referred to. in iho late
treaty with Mexico, an authentic copy of which
is herewith trausmittedr and all the additional
information upon the subject, and also the reliable
information in respect to the population of
these respective provinces which is in the pns
session of tbe Executive, will be found in the
accompanying report of the Secretary of State.
The resolutions request information in regard
to tbe existence ot civil governments in New
Mexico andCaidhhiia, their "form and character/*,
by "whom instituted," by "what authori
ty," and bow they are "maintained and sup
P?rted.**v' . f
In mj message of December 22, 1646. in
answer to the House of Representatives calling
for information "in relation to'the establishment
or organization of civil governments in any portion
of Mexico which has or might be taken
?k? nrmv or navv of the United
SUtes." " *
1 communicated the orders which bad been
given to the officers of our army and navy, and
stated the general authority upon which temporary
military governments had been established
over tbe conquered portions of Mexico then in
our military occupation.
Tbe temporary governments authorized, were
instituted by virtue ot the rights of war. The
power to declare .war against a foreign country,
and to prosecute it accoording to the general
laws of war, as sanctioned by civilized nations,
it will no*, be qtiestioued, exists with a foreign
nation, **general laws of war apply to our situation,"
and it becomes the duty of the President,*as
tbe constitutional commander-in-chief
of the army and navy of the United States," to
prosecute it.
In prosecuting a foreign war, thus duly declared
by Congress we have the right by conquest,
and military occupation to ' acquire possession
of tbe territories of the enemy, and during
tbe war, to exercise the fullest rights of
sovereignty over it," The sovereignty of the
enemy is in such case "suspended," over the
conquered territory, or be obligatory upon the
inhabitants who remain and submit to the conquerors.
By the surrender the inhabitants
"pass under a temporary allegiance" to the
cooqueror, and are "bound by such laws and
such only, as he may choose to recognise and
impose. "From the nature of the case, no
other Jaws could" be obligatory upon tbem; for
where there is no protection or allegiance, or
sovereignty, there can be no claim to obedience."
These are well established principles
of the laws of war, as recognized and practised
by civilized nations; and they have been saneI,*
),? hit,host iiidir-ja! tribunal of our
"""l" "J " O J
country.
The order* and instructions issued to the officers
oC our army and navy, applicable to such
portions of the Mexican territory as bad been
were, indeed ameliorations of the rigors of the
war upon which we might have insisted. They
substituted for the harshness of military rule,
something of the mildness of civil government,
and where not only the exercise of no excess
of power, but were & relation in favor of the
peaceful inhabitants of the conquered territory
who had submitted to our authority and were
afike politic and humane. It is from the same
source of authority that we derived the unquestioned
right, after war had been declared by
Congress, to blockade the ports and coasts ol
tbe-eneray, to capture his towns, cities and pro.
vinces, and to levy contribution upon him tor
the support of our army. Ot the same charac
tar of these is the right to subject to our temporary
government the conquered territories of
our enemy. They are all belligerent rights;
and their exercise is as essential to the success,
ful'prosecution of foreign war as the right to
tifht battles.
New Mexico and Upper Calififnrnia were
among the territories conquered and occupied
by our forces, and such temporary government*
were established over them. They were esta*
Wished by officers of our army and navy in
command, in pursuance of the orders and instructions
accompanying my message to the
House of Representatives of Dec. 22d, 1846.
In their form and detail, as at first established,
they exceeded in some respects (as was stated
to that message) the authority which had been
given; and instructions for the correction of the
error were issued in despatches from the War
and Navy Departments, of the 11th of January
1847; copies of which are herewith transmitted.
They have been maintained out of the
.military exactions and contributions levied upon
tbe enemy; and no part of the expense has
been paid out of the treasury of tbe United
States.
In the routine of duty, some of the officers of
ilia a emir a ttrf narv mi K n ? xot auto l.lie'knrl t n />
llir OII?;J nnu n??j, win 11191 coia??iiMiru
rary governments In California and. New Me*,
ico, hare been succeeded in command by other
officer*, upon whom like duties have devolved;
and the agents employed or designated by them
to control the temporary governments have also
in sopia instances, been superseded by others.
Such appointments for temporary civil duty during
the military occupation, were made by the
officers )p command in (be conquered districts
respect? rely
On the conclusion and ratification of a treaty
of peace with Mexico, which was proclaimed
on the 4th in*tr> tbass temporary governments
necessarily ceased to exist. In the instructions
Jo establish a temporary government over New
Mexico, no distinction was made between that
and the other provinces of Mexico which might
betaken and held in our military occupation.
TV province of New Mexico, according to I
jti aqcjpnl boundaries as claimed by Mexico, lie
" aa bt4h si(Jes of the Rio Grande. That part
qf ft on the east of that river wax in dispute
whpn the War between the United State* and
Mexico commenced. Texas, by a successful
revolution in April, 1846, aohieved and subsequently
maintained her independence. By the
act of the Congress of Texas, passed in December,
1836, her western boundary was dedared
to be the Rio Grande, from its mouth to
' its iwoe, and thence due north to the forty *e'
cond degree of north latitude. Though the
republic of Texas, by many acts of sovereignty
which she exerted and exercised, some of
wliich were stated in my annual message of
December, 1846, had established her clear title
to the country west of the Nueces and border.
ing on that part of the Rio Grande \yhich lies
below the province of New Mexico, she had
never conquered, or reduced to actual possession,
and brought under her government and
Jaws, that port of New Mexico lying east ol the
Rio Grande, which she claimed to be within
her limit*. On the breaking out of the war,
we inund Mexico in possession ot this disputed
territory.
As our army approached Santa Fe, (the capital
of New Mexico,) it was found to be held
by a governor t.nder Mexican authority, and an
armed force collected to resist our advance.?
The inhabitants were Mexicans, acknowledging
allegiance to Mexico. The boundary in
dispute was the line between the two countries
engaged in actual war, and the settlement of it,
of necessity, depended on a treaty of peace.
Finding the Mexican authorities and people in
~ thorn and ex
possession, our Kirucs ,
tender) military mle over them and the territory
which they actually occupied, in lieu of the so.
vereignty which was displaced. It was not
possible to disturb or change the practical
. boundary line in the midst of the war, when
no negotiation for its adjustment could be opened,
and when Texas was not present, by her
constituted authorities, to establish and maintain
government river a hostile Mexican population,
who acknowledged no allegiance to her.
There was, therefore, no alternative left, but to
establish and to maintain military rule, during
the war over the conquered people in the disputed
territory, who had submitted to our arms,
or to forbear the exercise of our belligerent
rights, and leave them in a stale of anarchy and
without control.
Whether the country in dispute rightfully belonged
to Mexico or to Texas, it was right in
the first casp, and our duty as well as our right
in the latter, to conquer and hold it. Whilst
this territory wax in our possession as conquerers,
with a population hostile to the United
States, which more than once broke out in open
insurrection, it was our unquestionable duly to
continue our military occupation of it until the
conclusion of the war, and to establish over it
military government npeeRsary for our own security,
as well as for the protection of the con'
oiio rr%A no/vtU.
By the joint resolution of Congress of Marc!
1, 1845, "for annexing Texas to the United
States," the "adjustment oi all questions o
boundary which may arise with other governments,"
was reserved to this government.?
When the conquest of New Mexico was consumated
by our arm*, the question of boundary
remained still unadjusted. Until the exchangf
of the ratifications ot the late treaty, New Mcx
' ico never became an undisputed portion of the
United States; and it would, therefore, have
been premature to deliver over to Texas thai
portion of if, on the east side of the Rio Grande
to which she asserted a claim. However just
the right of Texas might have been to it, that
right had never been reduced to her possession
and it was contested by Mexico.
Bv the cession of the whole of New Mexicr
on both sides of the Rio Grande to the Uni?e<
States, the question of disputed boundary, so fai
as Mexico is concerned, has been settied, lea.
ring the question as to the true limits of Texas
in New Mexico, to be adjusted between that
State and the United States. Under the cir
stances existing during the pendency of thf
war, and while the whole of New Mexico, at
claimed by our enemy, was in our military oc
cupation, I was not unmindful of the right o
Texas to that portion of it which she claimed tr
be within her limits. In answer to a lettei
-. Gam |pYrrfl"r pf T"^", on the 4tl
? my directions. imormeiTTtTm, in a letter of I
12th of February, 184ft, that in the Presidents
annual message of December, 1846, "You havi
already perceived that New Mexico is at pre
sent in the temporary occupation of the troop;
of the United Slates, and the government ovei
it is military in its character.
It i? mtfrolv such ? covernment as must exisi
under the law* of nation* and of war, to pre.
serve order and protect the rights of the inhabi.
tants, and will cease on the conclusion of the
treatv of peace with Mexico. Nothing, there,
fore, can be more certain than that this tempo
rary government, resulting from necessity can
never injuriously affect the right which thu
President believes to be justly asserted by Tex'
a* to the whole territory on this side of the Rio
Grande, whenerer the Mexican claim to it shall
hare been extinguished by treaty. But this is
a subject which moro properly belong* to the
legislative than the executive branch of the government.
The result of the whole is, that Texas had
asserted a right to that part of New Mexico east
of the Rio Grande, which is believed, under the
Acts of Congress for the annexation and admission
of Texas into the (Jnio'i as a State, and
under the Constitution and laws of Texas, to be
well founded; but this right had never been reduced
to her actual possession and occupincy.
The general government, possessing exclusively
the war making power, had the right to lake
military possession of this disputed territory; and
until the title to it was perfected by a treaty of
peace, it was their duty to hold it, and to estah
lish a temporary military government u?ei u,
for the preservation of the conquest itself, the.
safety of our army, and the security of the con.
quered inhabitants.
The resolutions further request information
whether any persons have been tried and condemned
for "treason against the United States
in that part of New Mexico lying east of the Rio
Grande since the same has been in the occupancy
of our army," and if so before "what tribunal,"
and "by what authority of law such tribunal
was established." It appears that after
the territory.in question was "in the occupancy
of our army," some of the conquered Mexican
inhabitants, who had at first submitted to our
authority, broke out in open insurrection, mur.
dering our soldiers and citizens, and committing
other atr??ciou? crimes. Soine of the principal
offenders, who were apprehended, were tried
and condemned by a tribunal invested with
civil and criminal jurisdiction which had been
establi-hed in the conquered country by the
military officer in command. That the offenders
deserved the punishment inflicted upon
them there is no reason to doubt! and the error
in the proceedings against them consisted in
designating and describing their crimes as "treason
against the United States." This error wus
J * 1 ikaealiu nrAUAnf
pOIIIIPU mil, tlllU I IB ICkliuriiLD |iis<cuf
od, by the Secretary of War, in a despatch to
the officer in command in New Mexico, dated
on the 26th of June, 1847, a copy of which toaether
with copies of all communications relating
to the subject which hare been received at
the War Department, are herewith transmitted.
The resolutions call for information in rela
tion to the quantity of public lands acquired
within the ceded territory, and how much of
the same is within the boundaries of Texas, as
defined by the act of Congress of the republic of
Texas of the 19th day of December, 1836.''
No means of making an accurate estimate on
the subject is in the possession of the Executire
Department. The information which is |
> ?? * ?A?I '
possessed will be found in the accompanying I
report to the Secretary of the Treasury. J
The country ceeded to the United States lying
west of the Rio Grande, and to which Texas
has no title, is estimated by the Commissioner
ofthp General Land offire to contain 526,07fl
square miles, of366,689,920 acres.
The period since the exchange of ratifications
of the treaty has been too short lo enable the
government lo have access to. or lo procure abstracts
ofcopies ofthe land tides issued by Spain
or by the republic of Mexico. Steps will be
taken to procure this information at the earli
est practihle period. It is estimated, as appears
from the accompanying report, of the Secretary
ofthe Treasury, that much the largest portion of
the land within the territories redpd remains
vacant and unappropriated, and will be subject
to be disposed ot by the United St ates. Indeed
a very inconsiderable portion ofthe land embraced
in the cession, it is believed, has been dis
posed of or granted either by Spain or Mexico.
What amount of money the United Slates
may be able to realize from the sales of thes
vacant lan^s must be uncertain, but it is confidently
believed that with prudent management,
arter making liberal grants to emigrants and
settlers, it willjexceed the cost of the war and
all the expenses to which we have been subjected
in acquiring it.
" The resolutions also call for I he ."evidence,
or any part thereof," that the "extensive a d
valuable territories ceded by Mexico the United
States constitute indemnity for the past.
The immense value of the ceded country does
I not consist alone in the amount of money for
which the public lands may be sold. If not a
dollar could be realized from the sale of these
II lands, the cessions of the jurisdiction over the
t country, and the fact that it has become a part
I of our Union, and cannot be made suhject to
European power, constitutes ample." indemnity
I for the pa?t," in the immense value and advani
tages which its acquisition must give to the com?
mercial, navigating, manufacturing and agrii
cultural interests of our country,
t The value of public lauds embraced within
1 the limits of the ceded territory, great as that
value might be, is less important, to the people
ofthe United States that the sovereignty over
i the country. Most of our s tales contain no
I public lands owned by the United States; and
f vet the sovereignty and jurisdiction over them
t?
is ot incalculable imporiance iu me uauwu.
the Slate of New York, the (Inited Stales is the
owner of no public lands, and vet two thirds of
' our whole revenue is collected al the great port
! of that state, and wilhin her limits is found about
one seventh ofour entire population.
Although none of the future cities on our
i coast of California may ever rival the city of
1 New York in wealth, population and business,
, yet, that important cities will grow up in mag
t nificent harbors of that coast, wiih a rapidly int
creasing population, and yielding a large reve,
nue, would seem to be certain; By the possession
of the safe and capacious harbors on the
) California coast, we shall have great advantages
I in securing the rich commerce of the east, and
r shall thus obtain for our products new and in
creased m i rkets, and greatly enlarge our coast,
ing and foreign trade as well as augment our
t tonnage and revenue.
These great advantages, far more than the
< simple value of the public lands in the ceded
i territory, "constitute our indemnity for the past."
JAM ESK. POLK,
f Washington, July 24, 1848.
>
r From the Charleston Mercury.
> GEN. C\SS. I
" We havfT a .ready shown tbiit the State*can?
not support Gen. Taylor, because he is an aJ
vowed Whig, and supports a party which advo
rates a Protective Tariff\ a National Bank, the
t Distribution of the Proceeds of the Public
r Lands, a System of Internal Improvements, the
A itviimniinn nf Silnin Drh/s the Ilankmnt. Law.
t and the whole brood of Federal measures sus
tained by Henry Clay under the name of the
American System.
! We proceed to show that South Carolina can
sustain Gen. Cass.
1. Because, during the whole course of his
i political life, he has been a consistent Demoi
crat.
In 1840 Hnd 1844 he stood upon the platform
? of the great Democratic party?a platform, he
I it remembered, with South Carolina approved
i in all the primary assemblies of her people, and
by the repealed resolves of her Legislature.
In 1840 Gen. Cass publicly expressed hi<
sentiments in lavor of the seventh resolution of
the Baltimore Democratic Convention, which
was all that the South demanded, and was as
follows:
"That Congress has no power under the Constitution
to interfere with or control the domestic
inslitu'ions of the several States, and that
such States are the sole and prnperjudges ofevery
thing appertaining to their own affairs, not
prohibited by the Constitution; that all effort*
of tho Abolitionists or others made to induce
Congress to interfere with questions of slavery,
or to take incipient steps i* kklijluu.>
thereto, are calculated to lead to the most
alarming and dangerous consequences; and
that all such efforts have an inevitable tendency
to diminish the h-ippincss of the people, and endanger
the stability and permanency of the Uninn,
and ought not to be countenanced by any
triend of our political institutions."
In 1843 Gen. Cass was .Minister to France.
While there he wrote hiii celebrated pamphlet
in opposition to the Quintuple Treaty, contemplated
by England, France, Russia, Prussia, and
Austria, which treaty, under the pretence of
abolishing the slave trade, was to authorise the
war ships of those countries to search arid examine,
and ultimately to seize, the vessels of
other nations at pleasure. This pampelet was
translated into most of the modern languages of
Europe, and created a great and salutary sensa*
tion; and, together with a protest, written by
Gen. Cass, to the French Government against
the Treaty, had the effect of defeating the measure.
Garbled passages from the pamphlet have
been extracted into our slave institutions.?
II - !. r< L Li .
liere 18 wrmi uni. unsa Jiaj'o in i;ic |iuinjjiiiri.
"We are no slaveholder. We never have
bepn. We never shall be. We deprecate its I
existence in principle, and pray :br its abolition i
eveiywliere, where this can be. cfictcdjustly and i
peaceably, and easily for both parties. But wo 1
would uot carry fire; and devastation, and murder,
and ruin into a peaceful community, to
push on the accomplishment of ih e object. But I
afier having visiled the three-quartern of the |
old continent, we sny before God and the <
world, that we have seen for morn and morn i
frightful misery since \vn landed in Europe, and I
wit have not visited Ireland yet, than we have
ever seen among this class of people in the U.
States. Whatever may be said, there is much (
of the patriarchal relation between the Southern ,
planter and the slave. And as 10 the physical (
distress which is seen in Europe, resulting from
a want of food, and from exposure to a rigorous '
winter without adequate clothing, we believe it I
to be so rare as not to form a just element jn I
the consideration of this matter. But the sub.
ject of the emancipation of two millions and a
halt of human beings, living among another pop.
ulation ofdifferent race and color, and with different
habits and feelings, is one of the gravest
questions which can be submmitted to society
to solve. It can safely be left only to those who
are to be so seriously affected by it; and there it is
left by the Constitution of the United States.
It is a matter with which the General
Government has no concern."
The. first part of this extract has been most
industriously circulated in all the Whig papers
at the South to prove Gen. Cass an abolitionist,
while the latter part, in which he takes the true
Southern ground in opposition to Congress
haoing any concern with the waller, is most unjustly
withheld from the public eye.
For the course Gen. Cass took in behalf of
his country on this occasion, Gen. Jackson thus
complimented him in a letter, dated July, 1843:
' But what has endeared you to every true
American was the noble stand which you took
as our Minister at Paris against the Qnintuple
Treaty; and which, by your talents, energy, and
fearless responsibility, defeated its ratification
by Fiance?a treaty intended by Great Britain
to change our internal laws, make her mistress
of the seas, and destroy the national independ
eiace, not only of our country, but of all Europe
and enable her to become the tyrant on every
ocean. Had Great Britain obtained the. sanction
of France to this trpaty? with the late disgraceful
Treaty of Wathinglon, so disreputable
to our national character, and injurious to our
national safety; then, indeed, we might have
hung our harps upon the willows, and resigned
our national independence to Great Britain.
But, I repeat, to your talents, energy and fearless
responsibility, we are indebted for the
shield thrown over us from the impending danger
which the ratification of the Quintuple Trea
tv by France would have brought upon us. For
this act I tender you my thanks."
Gen. Cass, 1844, wrote in favor of the annexation
ofTexas and the consequent extension
of slavery; lie subsequently opposed the Wilmol
Proviso, made an able speech against it in 1847
?t .. 1 C> 1 - -n,l vntoil ncTainst
in 'he Uniteo oiaies oeiiitic, mm ^
it, with Calhaun and other Southern members;
and, besides, published his Nicholson letter, in
which he denies the rigid of Congress to meddle
with slavery, either in the Stales or Territories.
or even to insert a cluuse excluding it in any
treaty of acquisition. We repeat, besides ta.
king this firm, consistent and truly constitutional
ground, before retiring from the Senate, in
conformity with his previously declared sentiments,
he voted against the insertion of the
Wilmot Proviso into the Mexican Treaty.
In what we shall prove, as in every position
we have alreadv established both against Gen.
Taylor as a Whig, and in favor of Gen. Cass
as a Democrat, we ask the reader to take nothing
for granted. Wo rely upon testimony
apparent on the living records of the country,
and in the deductions from it we feel the utmost
confidence, because, our positions are founded
upon TRUTH.
Earliest Dutch Translation op tub
Bible.?Jacob Van Liesveld, ol Warmoes
Staat. Amsterdam, was the earliest translator
of the Bible into the Dutch language. It was
??< Ar.iii.orr,. nut to nress in 1526: re |
|iriiucu ai .linn* l?> ? rMimed
in 1532 ana' J 534, and completed June
3, 1542. 25,001) guilder* were offered for Lies[
veld's head; he was not betrayed, but at length
was taken, and stiflfe *ed martyrdom at Antwerp
j!?>?\<??ton A perfect copy of (his Bible is in
who occupies the holjse'm h\vrffi<A^i^Kveitf u1?'
gan and finished hi* translation The house is
known a* the Bible Hotel; over the entrance
there is a well finished model of a large, open
Bible, mistaken by many for real a book. It is
open with part of the first chapperof Matthew
on one page, and six apparently wood cut illus
trations on the page opposite. It is a custom
with parents, when they leave church on Sunday
morning, to bring their children to note the
sign and the fact signified as given above. The
landlord, Her Hardenberg, is a liberal Roman
Catholic, and not a little proud of having in his
possession a copy of the Holy Scriptures, so
intimately connected with the house and the
sign of the house he occupies, which is other
.L- ?). i u..??i
wise Known ns inn Ejogiiso .-ihu nuni an .? >?? ., |
and much frequented by the natives of both
countries who visit Amsterdam.
Horrid Mukdkr?One of the most brutal
tnnd horrid murders that we have ever heard of,
was committed between 0 and 7 o'clock on Sunday
evening last, by a fiend named William Bailey,
residing in St. Peter street, between Dauphin
and Burgundy, First Municipality. Bailey's
wife was delivered of a female child about
half an hour before the fatal deed was commit
led, and he appeared very inurli incensed at the
time, that it was not a male child. Bailey went
to a coffee housp near by, soon after calling for
some whiskey, remaiked that his wife had been
delivered ofa d?d brat ol a girl, and that he
meant to kill both mother and child. Soon a'ler
his return to his house, he seized the infant,
dragged it from the bed and dashed it on the
floor, after which he commenced beating the
unfortunate mother. He also dragged her irom
the bed, and slampce her under his feet on the
floor. The nurse ran out in (he street and call
ed for assistance, and when some persons, who
were in the room of Ovido Debys, opposite,
wont into the house of Bailey, they found him
standing over the prostrate and senseless form
ofhis wife. The inhuman monster was immediately
arrested, and is now in jail awaiting an
examination. Mrs. Bailey expired in about an
hour after receiving her injuries, but the infant
although thrown upon the floor with great vio
lence, escaped without serious injury. It has
n' Ver been our duty to record a murder under
such atrocious circumstances, and we cannot as
yet believe that the murderer was in the posses, i
sion of his senses at the time he committed so
horrid an act. For the sake of humanity we
hope that he was not. His examination, before 1
Recorder Genois, will take place in a few days.
N. O. Crescent.
Wisconsin extends from Lake Michigan to
the Lake of the Woods?a distance of 1000 1
miles. Lividing this whole territory into two <
?qual parts, each part wuuld be as largo as the 1
State of New York.
i
The longest day in Great Britain, is two ,
hours and twelv minutes longer, than the Ion
*est day in ihe United States; and the shortest
Jar in the United States is one hour and fifty
nimites longer than the shortest day in Great t
Britain. t
Housekeepers should look to their woollen
dothing, blankets, furs, dso., during this month j
md next. A small quantity of spirits ofturpenine
dropped upon a ahect of white paper, and
aid with the articles to be preserved, is said to j;
>e a thorough protection against moths. | I
THE CAMDEN JOURNAL.
pQ
Wednesday Morning, August 9, 1848. ^
WfLLIAM B. JOHNSTON, EDITOR. " ai
fo
Defeat of the Compromise.
Alexander H. Stephens, a Southern Whig, a
Representative from our neighboring State, has ^
assumed a fearful responsibility, in moving to lay el
the Compromise Bill of the Senate upon the table, to
That effort which had engaged the entire talents ^
and laborious aDDlication of the Senate for an un
interrupted session of 21 hours, just before sending
it to the House, deserved a better fate, than to c<
be thus struck down by the ruthless hand of par
tizanship, After the Senate had adopted this con- n)
ciliatory nieasere. we Baw many papers, whig and a(
democrat, congratulate the country on the proba- fa
bable settlement of this dangerous question,but alas
the peace of the nation, the stability of the Union ?
and the rights and interests of the South had to be
sacrificed at the shrine of party. The history of
this master stroke of iniquity appears to be that the
whig members of Congress held a caucus on the p]
Sabbath day, and that caucus decided that the te
election of their candidate (Gen. Taylor) would be m
promoted by k illing this Compromise in the House; &
they could then rally Southern votes, leaving the ?'i
question open, by h dding forth that Gen. Taylor w
as a slaveholder, must of necessity be true to r.<
Southern interests, whilst at the North, they could F
readily, and with truth point to their vote upon this 1
bill, as an earnest of future fraternization, with ti
them upon this .question. This caucus and its de- pj
cision, being reported in Washington, without any jr
contradiction from the Whig party, stand revealed. fa
as the modus operandi by which this pacific mea- w
sure was killed, this ray of hope distinguished. We
had forebodings of the disatrous fate of this bill,
but it was difficult to believe, that the best inte
rests ol the whole country, would be so lightly es- tc
timated in comparison with more party sue- ri
cess, but it is even so, and wo have even the morti- ?
tication of announcing that this bill was laid upon
the table, at the instance of a Southern Whig, and
that the votes of eight Southern Whigs, defeated j
it finally. ?.
We trust the Charleston Democratic Taylor jr
clique will now see their miserable folly in en- a
deavoring to elevate the candidate of this party, c
who have, without the slightest compunction of g,
conscience destroyed and trampled upon the olive
branch of peace and security proffered, we must
presume, in good faith and which was unquestionably
the best "Compromise" we may ever hope to 0
obtain. The eight Southern Whigs who voted 0
with Giddings, Palfrey and Wilmot are as fol* a
lows:?Alexander H. Stehhens, of Georgia; n
Boyden of North Carolina, John S Pendleton of 0
Virginia, John G. Chapman of Maryland, John II- b
Crozier of Tennessee, and Adams, Buckner and 11
TnoMPSON of Kentucky. Our readers will see 1
from the following statement that these eight votes 73
killed the bill: ''
The vote to lay on the table was 112 c
Deduct the above 8 votes 8 f<
loJ ;
The vote in the negative wfe 97
Add the 8 votes 8 n
105 (
which would have sustained the bill. Not a South' d
ern Democrat toted against the bill, and not a Nor- P
them Whig voted for the bill, whilst 21 Northern '
1/niIUl-ldlO UIU ?w%v ivi tv? ?vv no ft tflTT ^
pie of the South, which party deserves their confi- g
deuce and support? The only opportunity-~cer- T
tainly as favorable as we have reason to expect? e
we may have to settle the question, was destroyed, ^
because a Whig from Massachusetts declared that d
if this compromise passed, General Taylor would
not get a vole in a free State. We believe that
never was the tranquility of the Union more en- ^
dangered, than by this base act of Whig reckless. n
ness. r<
1
Wilmot Proviso Passed.
The Oregon bill, containing the Wilmot Proviso,
or rather a section extending the the ordinance of w
17-7, passed the House cf Representatives by a b<
vote of 114 to 88. The following is the section :
"That the inhabitants of said Territory shall be w
entitled to enjoy all and singular the rights, privi- tl
leges and immunities granted and secured to the tl
people of the territory oi the United States north ai
west of the river Ohio, by the articles of compact jr
contained in the ordinance for the government of j
said territory, on the thirteenth day of July, seventeen
hundred and eight-seven; and shall be subject
to all the conditions, and restrictions, and pro- 01
hibitions in said territoy."
th
Redaction of Fare to New-York. al
It is stated that the Companies forming the line ct
of communication between Charleston and New
York, by steam boats and rail roads through Balti- A
more, Philadelphia, &c.. are about to reduce the
fate through from 28 to 820. W1
_____ m
D* Both Houses ol Congress have agreed to adjourn
on the 14th inst. ,c<
_____ In
General Cass on the Proviso* lb
A Telegiaphic dispatch from Washington on th
Monday, to the Philadelphia Bulletin, says, that a ?f
letter is in Washington from General Cass, pledg- 0f
ing himself, if elected, to veto the Wilmot Proviso. "ll
O" General Taylor . declined to answer this
question at all, when it was requested. The only an
pledge we have from him, is, that he will not inter- j
pose his veto on any question of " domestic policy."
Southern people choose ye, which ye will support
Since writing the above we have the following
notice of General Cass's letter from the Union:?
" We are are happy to understand that General
Cass firmly standson the ground which he has ta.ten pn
Being applied to formally by a man or two of the Sr
Wilmot stamp, he declared unhesitatingly that he
adhered to his Nicholson letter; and that if elected
President, he would Veto the Wilmot Proviso." p(
August Elections. Wl
The State elections were held in North Caroli- *n
na on last Thursday. On last A/onday, Kentucky ^
sleeted her Governor and Legislature, Indiana, her WJ
Legislature, Illinois, her Governor, members of na
Congress and Legislature?Missouri, Governor,
nembers of Congress and Legislature?-Iowa, ca
nembers of Congress and Legislature. t|o
ed
Profitable Business.
The New steamer Crescent City is now on her Di
;hird trip to New Orleans a..d Havana, and pn B.
mch of the preceding trips, she cleared over fifty W
housand dollars, or 635,000 each way. Before
itarting on the present trip, pass? ngers and freight
>oured in upon her until she could hold no more.
mt
0T Nathan Clifford, of Maine, has been apwjnted
Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Pleni- &t
>otentiarv of the United States to the Remihlionf the
Mexico. | ele
A Convention.
The following is from the Washington conesndent
of the South Carolinian. It will be seen
at others, besides ourselves, are of opinion that
Southern Convention, is the most effectual step,
r the Southern people to take at this crisis
*- The Crisis down upon Us!
" Washington, July 28,1848. ^
' The House to-day, without even reading the
11, laid the territorial compromise from the Sene,
upon the table?112 to 97, and then a motion
re.copsider was also laid upon the table, 114 to
1. So that question is settled, and the South are
)w left lo the necessity of e tiling a general Conation,
to nee what they are to do.
" The Senate, as soon as they beard of this pro>eding,
took up the House resolution of Adjourn-,
entf and nfter a discussion of Messrs. Haunegafif
alhoun, Foote, Benton, Dayton, Atchison, Turey,
Douglasr, and others, amended it from the7th.
! it came from the House, tu the 14th of August,
r closing the session. * r
"This, we think, settles the case. Men of the
outh, the only alternative now, is a general Coointlon,
to determine what you are to da"
Irish Affairs.
The New York Correspondent of the Phi'adeff , .
Ilia Inquirer states that contributions have beet#
indered so liberally to the Irish collecting Com-littee
in that city that the sum of fifty thousand
illars will go by the next steam ship. He says ? ?,:
Our wealthy Irishmen are coming up the mark r
ith great spirit! a thousand dollars from one is
othing, and I am informed that one man has given ive
thousand dollars.
Tbe Her aid st&tee on good authority that the quad- * "
<y of ammunition and arms in Ireland, secreted in
laces known only to the leaders of the pbrffrtfe'ts'
nmense?sufficient to last for a prolonged wan*
ire, in case that the matter be not decided at once
hen the blow shall have been struck. ' '
Georgia Constitutionalist.
This admirably conducted paper in its weekly
>rm comes to us, enlarged and improved. * We^ '
egard the Constitutionalist as one of our best
outhern papers.
General Cass's Personal Character. J Abbot
Lawrence, a Boston Whig, andcanci--'
ate for the Vice Presidency says of Gen. Cass:
I know him well, I have broken bread with him
1 hie.own house, and he with me in mine. He is
gentleman?a roan of unblemished personal
haracter, against which nothing can be justly
aid." *
Disgraceful,
We conceive it to be the duty of the press through*
ut the country to rebuke the coarse abuse of some
f the partizan papers which disgraces the very ink
nd types which convey it to the paper* It need, A
ot be said that this style of writing is eonfined to
ne party?there is too much of it to be found ia
othwhig and democratic papers, though thos.far
a the present campaign, we have seen nothing in
he press of tlie latter party to equal the following
torceau, selected from the Southerner, a paper *
n Richmond, Va., originally started for the adrtv' *
acy of a protective tariff but which has come nut
7T General Taylor and the whig party. This is ai
pecimen of the way in which be wages war against
democratic adminis* ration:?
"A Dirts' Pack?That scurvy crowd, in the
nain, who formed the Coort of Inquiry to tunnrr
ne the charges preferrrd by Gen. 3eoU against
3en, Pillow, it seems, have declared the '"ditch
iigger" as innocent as a little sheep* This dirty5*'
iack were called there to do tbrs very tiling. IT '
hey have done it, as it seems they have; they alt
>uglit to be rolled in the nearest rood bole, and
Den unhnml to stand up MBtU-jtome black fellow. ,
liould break fifteen cords of wood over their heads*
Phis d' ne, they should be driven out of town by
wcry dog in the city.
"This country is a horrible ugly fhc. Hurryoit,
oys, let's elect old Zac. This is the only way of
riving the evil doers out of power.
"Since this event the President has sent in Pif- '
aw's name for the high rank of Major General, and .
bushing's as Brigadier General, and they have
een, we under.-tand, confirmed. Gen. Kearney's
nme for Brev t Major General has been, we hear,*
ejected. This is a most shameful stale ol things.
O a- I *^.1
no oeiidie nave aouou auuminauiy. . ,.
IT" At the request of the gentleman alluded 19
e copy the following paragraph from the last nam*
er of the Southern Chronicle?
Having understood that certain numbers
hich have appeared in this Journal toudrrng
e management of the Bank of the State, over
le signature of "One of the People," have been
Ltributed to the pen ofa certain Bank Officer
i Camden, we deem it our duty to remove such
npression at once, and to state further, that
lose numbers were not written by any present
r past officer in any Bank, nor by any stocks
>lder whatever. We very cheerfully give
lis disclaimer, because the gentleman to wboni
lusion has been made has not offered for our
>lumns a communication of any kind.
NNIVERSARY TEMPERANCE MEEET1NO.
Tho Sandy Run and Smyrna Temperance Society
ill hold their first anniversary met ling at the Smyrna
ceting house, Kerxhaw District, on Saturday the ]9lh
August. Messrs W. B. and J. H. Carlisle ar? a.
:led on tore for the oocasion. The cilizene of Rieh.
id, Fairfield and olhar adjoining districts are respect.
Ily invited. Tho ladies we hope, will cheer us with
II |HTOHWI VII IIHI uajr, inu oy a unanimous IO(|
the committee of invitation, all officer* and piivatM
the Palmetto Regiment are affoctiouately invited to
.end.
A Pic Nio dinner will be prepared fof the pocaainn,
d wo confidently hope the friend*of Temperance,wiU
me up to our holp that wo may all do battle veliaaU
for ono day in this glorioua cauee.
Jas. B. RicHaouao,
Ch'n Coin, of Arrangement*.
From the Temperance Advocate.
Mr. Editor:?I herewith forward you a
rt of the Lynches Creek Union Tempernnc* 4
iciety. at their last annual meeting, holde* at
jthel Church on the 4th inst.
The meeting was opened with prayer hy tl*
?v. H. L. Tiller, when eloquent addresses
?ro delivered by the Rev. S. P. Murchifuu^
d the Rev. H. L. Tiller, after which, and
ring the performance of an appropriate air by
b Lynches Creek amateur Band, the pledge
ts handed round and received eight new sig,
tores. . , .lftJ
The Society then proceeded, Dr. B. F. Lilt
s in the Chair, to elect officers, pass resokh
ins, and transact such other businesiMdevolv.
upon it.
Dr B. F. Lpcas was re-elected president,
ml. Rethiin* alor-taA ?U> ? *
,? _???i>bo i irjmrnii jmmrw
Bell, elected Secretary and John R. Shaw
m. Jordan, James Tiller, S. P.'Murchison,
McSween, elected directors.
On motion of John R. Shaw, Esq., the (bin
iring preamble and resolution* were unsaid
msly adopted:
Whereas, The practice of candidates treating
elections in order to influence the people in
iir favor, tends to destroy the freedom of the
ctjve franchise, by the promotion of design.