The Camden journal. [volume] (Camden, S.C.) 1836-1851, July 06, 1842, Image 2
* - C*_.
r x
4
. %-"\ /VET? NO. 3. i
? VE TO .MESSAGE.
. > Ho ike House Jte/iresrnletires.
aMhj} I /etura the i>; 11 which originated in the Ilnusjd
Representatives, cntiile<l ".An act t.? extend !
xp?/or a limited period the present laws fjr layinir
and duties on imports," with the l'ol-1
ing objections:
It suspends?in other words, abrogates for the
4 A time?the provision of the act of Irooiuiouly
called I'm "compromise act" The only j
ground on whicn'this departure from>tlio solemn
tT* adjustment of a greet and agitating quest ion
j. segaas to have been regarded as c.\p"d!e..', i.;|
* V theallege-*! necessity m us .nur-.o-.; -:
gk'' ' .* lativo enactments, rulj^and ro^n!;i?1
sing the ilatics to he levied on imports", after the j
30th June, according to the home vain i,:on; I
and yet the bill expressly provides that, "if he-,
fore the 1st of August* there be no logi latiou
i* upon the subject, the laws for*1ayiugl'aiid collecting
duties shall be the same as thowrh this'
act had not been passed." In other wdjjg?, that'
the act of''1S33, imperfect a-: it is considered,;
* shalJLm that case continue to be, and to !>o executed,
under such rules and regulations as pre-j
* vious statutes had prescribed, or had enabled
the Executive Department to provide for that;
- purpose, leaving the supposed chasm iu therevenue
laws such as it was before.
I am certainly far from being disposed to deny ;
that additional legislation upon the subject, is !
very desirable; on the contrary the necessity as !
well as difKculties, of establishing uniformity j
* in the appraisements to be made in conformity 1
with the true intention of that act, was brought
to the notice of Congress in my message to (ton- j
gress at the opening of its present session. IJut
Sp*- however sensible 1 may bo of the embarrass-1
r-,>ginente to which the Executive, in the absence
of all aid from the superior wisdom of the I.e
f.t %jslaturc, will be liable, in 1 lie enforcement of
? ^Re existing laws, 1 have not, witli llic sinccrcst
wish to acqueisce in its expressed will, been
able to persuade myself.tbat llic exigency of
the occasion is so great as to justify mo in sign- |
ingthe bill in question, with my present views
,of its character and effects. The existing laws,
as I am advised, are sufficient to authorize and
enable the collecting officers, under llic directions
of the Secretary of the Treasury, to levy
the duties imposed by the act of 1^3:}.
That act was passed under peculiar circumstances,
to which it is not necessary that 1
should do more than barely allude. What may!
, he in theory, its character 1 have always regarded
it as imparting the highest moral obligation.
It has now existed for nine years, unchanged in
any essential particular, with as general nc*
vffquiescance, it i-s believed, of the country, as that
, i-' 'country lias ever manifested for any of her wisely
established institutions. It has insured to it
the repose, which always flows from timely,
wise, and modcraate counsels?a repose iliel
more striking, because of llic long and angry
agitations which preceded it. This salutary jaw
proclaims, injexpress terms, the principle which,
while it led to the abandonment of a scheme of
^ indirect taxation founded on a false basis, and I
pushed to dangerous excess, justifies any on-1
larg^ftfent of duties that may he called tor by
the real exigencies of the public scrvfile. Ji
^provides "that duties shall he laid lor the purpose
* of raising such revenue as may he necessary to
an economical administration of the Governinent."
It is therefore in the power of Congress
to lay duties as high as its discretion may
dictate, for the necessary uses of the Govern-:
mcnt, without infringing upon the act of 1SW.
I do not doubt that the exigencies of the Government
do require ah increase of the tariff of do-,
-ties above twenty per ccnr; antr nurnnfo doubt j
that Congress may above as well as below that
rate, so discriminate as to {five incidental protection
to manufacturing industry, llius to make
? the burdens which it is compelled to impo-c
upon the people, for lite purpose of (iovcrniucni, i
productive of a double benefit. This mo.-t ofi
3- the reasonable "opponents of protective duties ,
seem willingly to concede; and if we may judge
from the manifestations of public opinion in all j
quarters, this is all that the manufacturing in-'
^ 1 tercstsreally require. I am happy in tlie pcrsuasion
that this double object can lie most easily
and effectually accomplished, at tlie present
juncture, without any departure from the spirit
and principle of the statute in question. The
,, manufacturing classes have now an opportunity,
which may never occur again, for permanently
, identifying their interests with tlio.-e of the
jrSgwhole country, and making them, in 1 lie high"SpSfest
sense of the term, a national concern. The
moment is propitious to the interests of the
n whole country, in the introduction of Inrmouv
among all its parts and all its several interests.
The same rate of imports, and no more, as will
most surely re-establish the public credit, will i
secure the manufacturer nil I lie protection nc j
* ought to desire, wil h every prospect of permri
" nence and stability which the hearty acquiescence
of the whole country, on a rcasong^L..
\ able system, can hold out to him.
But of this universal acquiescence,and the
harmony and confidence, and the many other
benefits that will certainly result from it, I regard
the suspension of the law for distributing
the proceeds of the sales of the public lands as
an indispensible condition. Tins measure, is,
in my judgment, called for by a large number,
if not a great majority, of the people of the
. United States; by the state of the public credit
and financed; by the critical posture of our various
foreign relations; and above* all, by that j
most sacred of all duties?public faith. The
act of September List, which provides for the
distribution, couples it inseparably with Ibc
condition, that it shall cease?first in case of:
fjiSK, war; second, as soon and so long as the rate of
" duties shall, for any reasoi#whatever, be raised
' above 20pcr cent. Nothing can be more clear,
express, or imperative, than .this language.?
It is in vain to allege that a deficit in t ho trcasu-1
... ry was known to exist, and that means was la-]
jfe* ken to supply this deficit by Joan when the
act was passed. It is true that a loan was ]
authorized by the same session during which
the distribution law was passed; but the most '
sanguine of the friends of the measure cut-]
ertaincd no doubt but 1 hat the loan would j
be eagerly sought after and taken up by j
capitalists, and speedily reimbursed by a country ]
destined, as they hoped, soon to enjoy an over-.
flnvvinop nrosnoril v.
The very terms of the loan making If redeem-1
able inllitenM^ira, demonstrates this beyond all I
cavil. Wh8?at the lime, foresaw or imagined I
the possibility of the present real state of things,
when a nation that has paid oil" her whole debt ;
since the last peace, while all the other pre.it i
powers have been increasing theirs, and whose'
resources, already so great, arc vet but in the;
lfar.cy of their devclo|iCincnt,slioii!d he compelled
to i$gg!c in the iii<uicy-ii.urkcL for a p-dir/j
sum, not c?jua1 to one year's revenue upon her.
. economical system. If flic distribution law is to I
be indefinitely suspended, according not. only to
its own terms, but by universal con-eat iu tlio^
* ;v "Ti
%
. m i a ,r,, UIL. - jagfe
case of wat? wherein are flic actual exigencies of t(
'lie country,'or the moral obligation to provide
for them, tegs under present circumstances than
they rouJiiTO, were we actually engaged in war!
Il appoavSto me to lie 1 lie indispensable duty of I?
all concerned in the adiiiinis'ration of public al- c
laws to see that a state of things so humiliating t
ami so perilous should not last a moment longer a
to in is absolutely unavoidable. Much less ex- .1
cusable slioii^hvc lie in parting with any por- |i
'ion of our available moans, at leas! until llic ile- s
nnn.'! of the Treasury are fully supplied. Cut, t
besides the urgency of such considerations, the c
fact is undeniable, that the distribution act could t
iiol iiave Leco iie a law without the guaranty in t
-o- ' f
W:e proviso oi mc ;in hmj*i.
This connexion, I ini< meant to lie inseparable, }
is severed !iy the liill presented to mo. The hill -t
violates tiie principle oftheaeis ol 1S13 and Sep- f
lainim;, 1311, by suspending the lirst, ami ron- I
during, for a time, t lie last iiioperativc. Duties i
above per cent are proposed to lie levied, and
vol the jivmiso in the distribution act is disrc- i
yarded. The proceeds of;vtlio sales are lo be c
disirilajpd on 'fhe lst ofTTugusl; so that, while t
the d tores propo.-cd to lie enacted exceed 20 per I
cent, no suspension of the distribution to the
Stales is permitted lo take place. To abandon 1
the principle lor a month, is to open the way for |
its total abandonment. If such is not meant, j I
why postpone at all? Why not let the distribu- 1 <
lion take place on the 1st oi'July, if the law so j
directs.' (which, however, is regarded as cpies-; <
tionahJe.) lint why not have limited the provi-i!
sion to that, efibct! Is it for the accommodation | <
of tlie treasury! I see no reason to believe that
the treasury will he in belter condition to meet' i
the payment on the i~t of August than on the 1st) i
of July.
The hill assumes that a distribution of the j'
proceeds of the public lands is, by existing laws, I i
lo he made on the 1st day of July, Id Pi, not witli- J
standing there has been an imposition of duties i
on imports exceeding '20 per cent, up to that day, i
and directs it to he made on the 1st of August I
next, ft scems to ine very clear that this con- J
elusion is equally erroneous and dangerous; as it 1
would divert from the treasury a fund sacredly <
pledged for the general purposes of the Government,
in the event of a rate of duty above 20 per
cent being found necessary for an economical
administration of the Government.
The bill under consideration is designed only
as a temporary measure; and thus a temporary
measures, passed merely for t lie convenience of
Congress, is made to affect the vital principle of
an important act. If the proviso of the act of
i September, ldll, can he suspended lor the whole
J period of a temporary law, why not for the whole i
I period of a permanent law! in fact, a doubt
may he well entertained, according to strict ie- j
gal rules, whether the condition, having been j
thus expressly suspended by this hill, aud rendered
inapp'icablc to a ca.-c where it would j
I otherwise have clearly applied, will not he con-!
| sidcrcd as ever after satislied and gone. With-!
out expressing any decided opinion on this point,!
J see enough in it to justify me in adhering to j
Uic law as it stands, in pcrJcrcnrc tosttnjertiiiga
condition so vitally at'ecling tlic peaet of the 1
1 country, anil so solemnly enacted at a momentous
crisis, and so steadfastly adhered to ever
since, and so replete, if adhered to, with good to
every interest of 1.1m country, to doubtful or captious
interpretation.
In discharging the high duties thus imposed
on me by the Constitution, I repeat to the House
my entire willingness to co-operate in all tiuunei
il measures constitutional and proper,"which in
is wisdom it may judge necessary and proper,!
to rc-esLut'.'st? [ ?, ' i*Ci':' ol the (iQvernineiit. I
ti^eve that t lie proceeds of the sales ot {Tie pub- j
lie lands being restored to the treasury?or, more j
properly speaking, the proviso ol the act of Sep- j
teinher, 1811, being permitted to remain in full
force?a tariff of duties may easily be adjusted,
which, while it will yield a revenue suflicicnt to
maintain the (iovcniment in vigor, by restoring
its credit, will a (lord ample protection, and infuse
a new hope into a!1 our mainifacl tiring establishments.
The condition ol the country calls
for such legislation, and it will a .Turd mc the 1
most sincere pleasure to co-operate in it.
.IOI1N TV J.Ell.
Washington, June, 29, 1812. <
Correspondence of /he Charleston Courier.
tv.wm vrrmv ri:\*p o.i
It was stated, in the House, yesterday, in debate,
tliatit was the opinion lately expressed by
the eminent banker and financier, Air. Ricardo,
that tlie financial prosperity of the United .States :
might he restored in two yctirs. There is some
comfort in this, though it is but an opinion.
Connected with this circumstance it may be
well to mention that Air. llivcs, in the debate,
to-day, in the .Senate, in adverting to the present
low state of public credit, said tliat, lie
iiad information?though not ollicinl?that the
amount of the loan last mil homed?a loan Ihe
terms of which were more favorable than bad
ever been offered by a solvent government?had
been taken only in part?that only one and half lmillions
had been obtained, that at 97?. But it
is something to get even a million and a half, in
the present very embarrassed condition of the
public tipances.
In the course of conversation, to-day, in the
Senate, it was stated that the Cabinet had decided
tint there was law to carry on the collection <
of duties, without the interposition of any act. *
But Air. Archer stated that the subject, having J
been discussed in the Cabinet, was referred, '
propter iHjJtciili'a/ciii, to the Attorney General;
nml tliat the Attorney General bad not yet given '
his opinion. But, in contradiction In this, Mr. r
Buchanan stated that the Attorney General bad '
given his opinion, and tliat the circulars to the '
collectors bad been issued. I
So you see that, even in Congress, we can,
sometimes, by close watching, get some hints s
as to what is going on. (I
The session of the Senate, to-day, long as it r
was, was very interesting. Mr. Hives, of Va., i
made a most glorious harangue against the Pro- J
visional Tariff bill. Asa speech, it was iutiiyte- s
ly the greatest that Mr. Rives ever made^'in c
Congress. I had the pleasure to hear if, and to u
find that the whole current of opinion, in all '
narlies. concurred with mine. Ii
Mr. lives took, perhaps, the inost earnest n
and especial interest in this subject, for. the rca- v
son that lie alone was the channel through which a
the Distribution bill was carried through the ben- o
nte. "
Mr. Rives had voted against three distribution '
hills, bit was appealed to, at this time, to frame tl
a proposition that would meet his assent, lie
ollered the sixth section of the distribution, and ^
voted for the hill, with that section. Three nth- n
or Senators went with .him, on the same grounds, ii
Mr. it. holds it to he a breach of the compact to ! n
rose d th-j restriction clause of the Distribution '.i
bill. '1
The temporary TarilTbiil was, however passed. The
1 louse,to-day, was engaged in the can- n
nM ..C .Kiifntn I.Ii!.. fill ? ! ?*? linll!" mwl fl
Siuviatiuii ui |unaiv vino uu ik laiv, livui j uuuj ai" t ?
(l
*
V?>^ *? -?*>
? * ' *
^ " "5"
Ji* 1 ! "mi1" ' m ' i" ii j m inn
;r that time, upon the Navy Appropriation bill, mr
No vote was taken on the Army .till, po
WASHINGTON, JUNE 25. Iiu
The duel between the lion. T.'F. Marshall of tvl
l?, and Col. Webb, of the New York Courier, fu.
Me oiil this morning, at half past 4 o'clock on lai
lie line hclwecii Mary laud and Pennsylvania, ha
s I mentioned to you, in my letter of trie 20lh. mi
Jr. Marshall was tire challenger. iMr. M. had tin
previously intimated to Col. Webby in a public dc
nooch, and also privately, through an oflicer of l'ii
lie army fftlaj. McNeil) that he would accept a w<
hallengi. Hut the challenge did not come, ami s"
here was some question of eti<juett involved in th
ho lnaiter, which Mr. Marshall solved, by ho- 'lr
joining 1 lie challenger himself. The firut. lire
yas harmless?Mr. Marshall's bullet, striking 's
ho ground at. Col. Webb's feet. On the second :i(:
ire, Col. Webb was struck in the leg below tlie c'
nice, and Mr. Marshall was unhurt. The wound J11
sA painful, but* not dangerous character.
.Mr. I'reslon's army organization bill catnoup ^
n tlie Senate, to-dnv. The bill fixes the force
>f the army.at 8884 men. The House pro|K>sed ,ri
o limit it to 7,339. The saving in the whole w
/ill is over700,000 dollars.
I presume yon have seen, if not copied Mr. hi
Preston's report on the subject. The reduction 1,1
imposed is not in accordance with the Commitcc
of .Military Affairs, but with the necessities
if I be Treasury. - ?l
The second section of the bill abolishes the 111
iflices of Superintendents of. the Armories at u*
Springfield and Ilar|ier's Ferry, and puts them in
ibarge oi'olficers of the Oitlnance Corps. 01
Mr. Hates, of Mass., moved to strike out this to
section, and a long debate ensued, which ended ^
in a vote retaining t he section. ^
The bill to pay the claims of American citi- di
itens on account of French Spoliations, prior to
1800, was taken up in the House, on motion of F
Mr. Adams. Mr. Adams made a splendid and a'
interesting expose of the subject?going into
many curious details of events and intrigues con- w
noc.tod with the treaty of mutual offence and defence
between this country and France, and ma- t(
ny other facts?all furnished from the store-bouse O
of a most wonderfully susceptible, retentive,*me- 'c
tbodical, and accurate memory. a|
These claims, by the way, are as just as were ri
ever brought against the Government. This '?
Government coiifiscnlcdtliein, in fact, for public si
and very valuable purposes. The Government o
give them up in consideration of the annulment ti
u! ibe obligations of the treaty by which we guar- t<
antied to France-heir West India possessions. d
Hut, a Government that, when it had forty
millions surplus, would not pay five for such n b
th hi, will not pay it now;?and it is idle to talk h
about if. . M
Aii exciting scene occurred in the House, at a "
lain hour this evening. * '
A message was received from the President, J-'
in relaiioti to the Apportionment hill, ife slates
that he has signed it, and has lodged, in tiie Sidle l)
Departmont together with the bill, the reasoifs
why he signed it. .Mr. Adams was choked Jial-*
most wit h rage. Such a speech was never heard "
before in that body. Unluckily, the able report- tl
ers of the .Xalional triMfignncer were not pres.
cut. In fact all the reporters were gone. .Mr.
A. moved to refer the subject, to a Select Committee,
with power to send for persons and papers.
Mr. Wise replied. Nothing was done. ^
From l!ir Washington (Hohc. *
T1IK DISTlllliUtlON ACT.
This cherished measure of Foderal-Whigcry
has nitu arrived at a point 10 display a part of its
fruit; ami it is right lor the people to pause and
contemplate il, and see what manner of fruit it
Ileal*?. Tflc 1st 01 ts just- at hand; and, by "
the terms of t he act, a half year's income of the c
land revenue is payable to'the States; that is to "
say, to the few pi thcni who love not declined
the miserable gift. First, wha; is the amount to ll.
be disWbulcd? This we learivfrom the laiedc- ri
bales in the Senate?where thd gross amount of
the land'sales for the half year elapsed, was ascerluincd
to.beabout 3-100,000. From this,all
Lhe expenses of the laud system, and the per
rentums to the new States, are to be deducted,
before t he" grand distribulion-ofthe golden prize
can commence among the States. These arc!'11
rlM LT'illlKJU III OUIIcllU UUUQIlICm rtU. OV, IU UU ii>.
follow*: . j?
1. Amount of expenses of snrreying1 the public *
lands, and of salaries and expenses of the olli- ['
cesofthc surveyors-general, as ascertained
and climated for the year IS 11, $202,752; of
which ta!;e the one-half for 1 lie half
year 8101,371 01
Amount of salaries and expenses of
tlie(iuiiera) Land Ollicc forthc year 111
1811, the sumoi 8l21,5i>3; pf which
take half ^ CO,731 !,f
3. Amount oi'incidental expenses paid jl
at the land offices, including salaries,
commissions, and alhwanees V
for the transportation of the public !'1
moneys for fltrci:quarters ol'tlje year j1
1641, l lie sum of $83,390; of which 11
takfc two-thirds lor liie had year 55,650 '?
1. Amotinls of 5 per centum for roads
and canals, by the compacts to the
new Stales, on the gross amount of ?s
t lie sales, 20,0001 th
i an
6237,7551 hii
This makes the sum of 6237,755 to be deduct- M
:d from the 6400,000, before un\j distrihulion ; f()'
indcr the act commences; consequently, the!1'1
jross sum (6100,000) is reduced to 6102,215 an
tefore the division of the spoil commences? ol
1'iiis seems small enough in all conscience; hut an
I is to be made still smaller belore tlie bcantiliil u;'
cpartion begins. The nee States are entitled r,,:
o a preliminary division among themselves be- rc!
ore t lie grand division among all the family takes bh
dace; and this ten per cent slices oil' ?16,224 co
roni the aforesaid $1(12,2 In! leaving the univeral
grand aggregate ol ?15(1006 to he then divi- J'0(
led equally among t \vcnty-s;x States, three Tor- '>y
ilories, and one District of Columbia! contain- rel
ng a population of eigliteen millions of soul-! PI'liis
will give to each soul, if fairly divided, the r'1,
tun of 15-lStli of a cent! mat is to say, divide a ai"
cut. into eighteen parts, and the happy recipient <'ai
if the national bountv will receive fifteen of 1111
hose parts. This will lie the dividend by 1 lie
lejul; and, as the division ought to he fairly fic
nade, and its there are no fractional parts of si I- iro
or small enough lo make it, we would suggest am
new and profuse issue of small copper for l lie on
>ccusion; and?lo avoid delay?'hat the branch the
lints ho allowed to assist in coining the copper thi
olio re the bill lor their abolition is gagged As
lirough Congress. pit
Tins is the amount for distribution: ?150,000! rji<
hircly this mountain has been delivered of a onl
ion. e! lint, small as it is?miserable, contemp- wli
ilfr, ridiculous, and laughable as it is?it is still ma
lore than Federal Whigjcry is able to pay; and pei
iie doctrine of repudiation lias been applied to it! <|it]
'lie li lie Inrili'bili has postponed the payment oic
-and tiiat without asking tlie consent of the At
cceiving States?until the 1st day of August; nej
iid thus the Slates which had condescended lo ye
ike provision for receiving their .munificent j
rtioittonthe 1st day of JuJy, find themselves j
mbugged. bamboozled, and mystified! And
iy tliis postponement! For two most power-J
I reasons. In the first place, because the J
ul money has tJSen used up, and the treasury '
s neither got it, nor is able to borrow it, to 1
ike a present of it to the accepting States. %In 1
e next place, because the delivery of the divi- 4
nd would expose its insignificance, and pro- 1
ice a revulsion in the public mind, which
ould tover tbc authors of the scheme with
nine and disgrace. These are the reasons for
e postponement. And when August comes,
iw will it be paid! By borrowing at 6 per cent.,
id selling Government stock under par! This
the complexion to which the great bribery
heme has come: 8150,000 to divide among
gliteen millions of people; no money ready; pay
y put off; loan to be made, by shaving Gove'rncnt
bonds! and no credit at home or abroad.
Licit is the issue of distribution!
To the States which expected great things ,
run this miserable attempt to bribe thejjcnplo
itli their own money, the result must he morti-1
ing to the last degree. The States which
ive made provision for receiving the money,
ust feel themselves humbugged; those which
ive refused to receive it, may l'eel proud that
ley have the wisdom and the patriotism to keep
it of the ridiculous scrape. To the new States
which lie public lands lie, a fact is revealed
hich justifies all the anticipations from this
casin o?that it was to change the whole policy
the Federal Government towards them, and
maWthem the tenants and vassals of the old
tales. This is proved by the fact, that no new
aids have been brought into market since the
stribution party got into power; and none will
i brought in until they buy up all the old lands,
ederalism intends that the old lands shall be
II bought up, at a dollar and a quarter an j#cre,
afore new lands are brought into market;' and
hen new lands do come in, the lords and mas:rs
of the new States (their new lords and mas;rs)
will take care to have bidders on the ground
> riin up the land to the highest possible price
>r wliiqh it can be sold. These facts are now
pparent; and let the new Slates attend to their
ghts in time. They have increased rcprcscnition
under the new census, and not a man
liouid be elected to Congress who is not in favor
f abolishing the tyraijic&l and corrupt distribuon
act, and of selling the old lands at gradua:d
and reduced prices.^ In the incan tirfie, the
csigu of Federalism to make the people buy all
ie old lands at $1 '2a per acre, can only be met
y doing as the people have already done?that
refusing to buy them. That is a case in
Inch the gag cannot apply! Old land cannot
c crammed into the mouths, and thrust down
lie throats of the people, by the gag rules of
'ederalism! People cannot be found tobuv im
il 1 he refuse lancf. Federalism may think so,
ut it is a mistake. They had as well try to
lake a man eat tip all the bones on his plate be;rc
he is alowed any more meat, as thus try to
mke the ..'CopJc of the new States buy up all
:ie refuse land before they are allowed any new.
From the Missouri Reporter.
IMPORTANT EXPEDITION.
Lieutenant Fremont, of the corps of.Topograliiral
Engineer?, left here, under orders from
be War ifepartment, ubout ten days ago, with a
arty of twenty men, 011 a tour to the Rocky
lountains. The object of-the expedition is an
xaminnliuii of the country between the mouth
f tlio Kan/..is and the head waters of the; great
iver Platte, including the nayigable parts of
nth these rivers, and of what is called the Southrn
Pass in the Rocky mountains, and the intcrlediate
country, with a vi$fe to the cstablishicnt
of a line of military p'rtsis from the froners
of Missouri to the mouth of the Columbia
ver. This expedition is connected with the
roposition now before Congress to occupy tlio
rriiory about Columbia river, as proposed by
>r. Linn's bill.
The great river Platte is the most direct line
'communication between this country and the
unit It of the Columbia, and that route is kttown
1 lie practicable and easy. It therefore benncs
important to ascertain the genera! characr
of that river and the adjacent country, and
ie facilities it wiil be likely to afford in proseiting
the contemplated settlements in Oregon,
his Houlltcrn Puss, or depression in the Rocky
our.tains, is near the sourdgfof the extreme
estern branch of the river Platte, and affords
i easy passage for wagons aiul other wheel
images, which have frequently passed over the
oun'ains upon that route, W&hbut difficulty or
day; and it is important that the latitude of this
lint should be ascertained, as it-is thought that
will not vary much from the line established
'tween the United States and Mexico, by the
catv with Spain of 1810. If this Pass should
Jl south of that line, (the 52d degree of north
tit ude,) it tnay become necessary to examine
c country north of it; the line of the Yellowline,
and south branch of the Columbia, would,
is thought, alli.rd the next best route.
Lieut. Fremont, though young, has had much
periencc in surveys of this hind, having made
c topographical survey of the Des Moines river,
d having assisted the scientific Mr. Nicollet in
s "great survey of the country on the Upper
ississippi. lie is well supplied with instruments
r -linkingastronomical observations: for fixing
e latitude ami longitude of; important points;
d a Daguerreotype apparatus, for taking views
impartant points and scenes along the route; i
d?if not obstructed in his operations Jby large!
uds of wild, wandering Indians, which some-1
nes trouble small parties passing through that
;ion?may be expected to impart much valua)
information to the Govarninent and to the
itnf rv.
Since the attention of the country has been dieted
to the settlement of the Oregon territory
our able Senator (l)octor Linn) and by the
torts of those who have visited that region in
rson, the imporLiiiicc or providing ample sccuy
for the settlors there, and of opening a safe',
il easy communication from the western bnunry
of Missouri to the Columbia river, has been
ivcrsally admitted. "
The day is not far distant when, if the General
tvernment shall do its duty in thefrfStter, Ore i
n will be inhabited by a hardy, industrious,'
d intelligent population, and the enterprise of I
r citizens iind a new channel of trade with I
; islands in the Pacific, the western coast ofi
s whole continent, and perhaps with Eastern
ia. Notwithstanding the many obstacles at
sent in the way of the settlement of this terary,
emigrants are rapidly pouring into it, and
ly demand of Government that protection
licli is di&toall our citizens, wherever they
v choose to reside. *3SVhile negotiations are 1
inlingat Washington to adjust all existing 1
licnlties hoi ween his country and Great Britain ,
I- i.rllt In tl.iJ '
. . .&v? ... ...IO H.-11 miry SIUJIUU nOl 0(3 lorgOltOll.'
present, it may seem a small matter to tliej
ijoiiators, but they should remember that every |
ar'a delay will only render the liitaJ adjust- ]
i/ ' jV_. 1V
"t m. . *c?r
?
F7--;W - .* '
> I*-- . f'.'V- ' *" >
' <
lPrtof"^be *" '*, '
?We are pleased ta; l^^that the proper an;horitiee
at Washin^iTrwFnrce a dispositoa to
fc snmftfchinnr tnivnrdK Prtir^niA-rimnr* tho 1? ? -? - ?
rr , ? n vuw ?UJ
cnpatTon of Oregon by permanent American eev-^t* ?
liers. It known that many of the*islands in
tbe,Pacijic have already been settled by Americans,.and
trading-hofirses established, by1 wbiqjfi ' ' f
a large and profitable business is carried onwith
the Indian tribes on the Northwestern coast of ,
America, and with the East Indies and China.? . <
There is nothing to prevent trading establishments
in Oregon from ultimately securing a
large share of this trade, and adding much to the
wealth and prosperity of the whole Union.
l>ut, regardless of those ultimate advaiiUges .
tbp prospect of immediate success is so great*
that many of our hardy pioneersare already turning
their attention to the settlement of Oregon; . ,
and many years will not elapse before that terri- V v
lory contains a large population. Dr. Linn has "*
done much to urge a speedy occupation of it by
permanent Atft^rican residents. If Lifljtfenant fex
Fremont shall-bfe successful in his conteriSpIated
exploration of the route; and if the Gwpmhent
shall furnish proper protection to thole who.
shall seek a home in that distant region, the English
may not only bejgompletely dislodged from
the foothold they have* already acquired there,
but prevented from making farther inroads upon ^
our Western territory, and longer monopolizing
the greater part of the trade at present carried.on
with the Indian tribes at the Northwest and
West *
qjAMDiam ' Jp'
WEDNESDAY SOUSING, IUIY 6, 1842.^
' Washington Temperance"Societv.
Tlio regular semi-monthly meeting of this Society jB
will be held on S>Uurdjy evening next, at Davis's dfSfB
II,ill, at 8 o'clock. Persona friendly to the cause
arc invited to attend. *'_ ?*
.?
AGItlCULTl RAL MEETING.
A meeting of the Wateree Agricultural Society
will be held on Thursday,: the 14th inst. at half past
ten o'clock.
(UPMembcrs will be required to comply with the.
first clause of second Rule. ^ *
J. BOYKIN, Scc'y. ~
July 6. ... * **%
NATIONAL ANNIVERSARY.
The Anniversary of our National Independence
was celebrated.^ this to\yn on Monday
last, with a spirit and an enthusiasm which we
have not. witnessed for some yeajjpTpast.
The day wai^g^efed in by tfie firing of can- ?non
and the ribj|n|jg*of bells. At eight o'clock the
Marion C'adgjfi^composed of a large number of
the youth of our town, under jke command of
Capt. T. J. Warkjjjt, marched to Kirkwood,
where, at the rcsjdenc&B^Mrs. Spann, they were
preeented with a bekdfiFuF ^tand of Colours^ elegantly
embroidered by Miss Porter, one of
the teachers in Mrs. Spann's Female Academy^
Major Ale Willie, was the organ through whom
the Standard was presented, and his speech on &
the occasion was replete with patriotism and
eloquence. The reply of Capt. Waeben .
happy and appropriate, as was alsc^his^ addresd",
on delivering the Flag to Ehsigfi A. Mathwon,
of the Cadets. The response ofthe Ensign was
brief, though felicitous and to tbe: point. The
ceremony was witnessed by a large iylpiber of
Citizens, and graced by the approving. gmjles oL*
the beauty and Fashion of Kirk\\*bbd' and ;Cam-^\*'
den. We are pleased to sec this youthfufcbm-Je?N
par.y winning the approbation of oar comraunitMBW/
and especially of the Ladies; they richly meri^HjS|fef
At 9 o'clock the Citizens assembled at
Court House for the purpose of electing an Ora^v
tor for our next Anniversary and appointing a
Committee of Arrangements for that occasion:?
Joseph B. Kershaw |}$q. was elected Orator;
Dr^E. H. Anderson Jr; P. T. Villepigue and
VV. H. Oilman Esqrs.jvere appointed a Committee
of Arrangements."^*?'
At 10 o'clock a procession was formed at the
Market House, composed of the DeKalb Rifle
Guards, the Marion Cadets, and Citizens, under
the con^ajed of Major Murray and Gapt. An- <cituM
a^pfarshals of the day, and marched to
the Presbyterian Church^wbere^v after Divine
service by the Rev. R. B^'Campbell, and music
hy the DeKalb Amateur Band, the declaration
of Independence was read by Mr. Joseph B~I&bshaw.
B:B. Salmoxd Esq. then delivered an
appropriate and patriotic oration. The Orator *
was frequently interupted by the applause ofithe
audience. ~**L
After the exercises at the Presbyterian Church
were concluded, the procession was again formed . .
and marehed-to the Methodist Episcopal Church-,
where an Oration was delivered by Lieut F. L.
Villepigue of the Marion Cadets. The mattery
as well as the manner, of the address was highly
creditable to the youthful orator. At both
churches, before and after the oration, several V
fine pieces of Music were performed by the ?
Kalb Amateur Band with a spirit and a prccision^**^
which speaks highly for their perseverance and.
musical talent. We trust that we shall frequent,
iy be delighted with the ^oncort} of swpet
sounds" by this patriotic and energetic band.
At 2 o'clock a large number of our citizens sat
down to a sumptuous barbecue, prepared under,
the direction of Wm. Baskin Esq. After the.
cloth was removed, a number of spirited.toasts
and sentiments were drank in Cold Wagr, nothing
stronger being on the table. Several elOf
queiit and animated speeches were made by gentlemen
present in reply to complimentery toasts.
The jovial hilarity, and social enjoyment mani
festedou This occasion, is another evidence that
strong drink is not. required to promote either one
nrtlie otbe^. Nothing occurred .during the day
lo intcrrupfwc harmony and good feeling which:*
should ever characterize the celebration of our
National birth day. JjCgj
The Toasts given on the occasion, will bu s'
published ih'e.xt week.
'"V "
C
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