Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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AGRICULTURAL- ! From the N. C. Formers' Advocate. IMPROVING LAND YVTFII OATS. j Science Grove, Davidson Co., :v u. / i July 25.1-41. ) ! Mr. Editor?# * * * Clover has 1 ng I been celebrated for its fertilizing properlies. O.us has not, as yet, had such string recommendations in its favor; yet, nevertheless, I think when, ii? properties, as such, have become ?wl!?ri?-nily known, and tested, if it does n->t gain an equal? footing, it will become a "ire clover,, as a renovator of the soil. I will state my theory and support it with an experiment. aru' leave the reader to draw his own inference. My theory is the following: Sow your oats at the common time, and in the usual manner, only, sow something like a half 4 bushel more seed to the acre, and after . they are ploughed or harrowed in, as the case may be, roll tfie ground with a light roller. Let it stand unUlab'uut two thirds of the grain in the head is ripe, then r->ll it down, and doubly plough it under, taking care that the gouge reaches at least f o iv ineKoc Kol/i tir f t* Clir A,*.,, R.iill the I ground again as bef-ire." (Not that I think that after rolling benefits further than this, ?it renders the surface in a situation for all the oats to be rolled down when required. I suppose it further renders service, by keeping the elevated ridges left by the plough from excessive evaporation.) Let it lay until about two weeks before you wish to sow your wheat; then roll down the young oats, anil again double plough them under as before; sow your wheat and harrow it in, and I'll warrant you an advance of at least 100 per cent on your wheat crop, independent of its future benefit; which will doubtless exceed that of the wheat crop. I will now relate my experiment.? About the first of July, 1840, I selected a very elevated point in one of my oats fields to make an experiment. I measured off a quarter of an acre and double ploughed the oats under, and let it remain until about two weeks det'ore I wished to sow my wheat. I then double ploughed the young sward of oats under, and harrowed my wheat in. The rest of the field I fallowed by double ploughing, and put.it in at the same time I did the oat patch, (for so I termed tny experimental piece.) At harvest I cradled the .0 experiment piece to itself, and also, a quarter of an acre lying bv the side of it, to test the experiment; off the oat patch, I saved 13 dozen of wheat, which would average 3 bushels to the 100 sheaves; and 1 off the test quarter I saved 7 d??z. which would not make more than 2 3-4 bushels, fv.to the 100; making an advance of 100 per cent, on the experimental piece. A profit not to be spurned at. Unavoidable circumstances prevented me from threshing it out separately and testing the experiment by a non dubious rule, though I have not an earthly doubt, tha' if it had been tested by threshing, it would have increased the assumed advance in favor of the oat system, w The system appears excellent in every point of view for a wheat crop; the wheat is sown in the first stratum nf manure formed by the first crop of <>als, which c furnish an abundant store of nutritive mat- t tcr for the upper class of roots of the o wheat; the under set receive their notir- 0 ishmenl from the last crop of oats while ' in its state of decomposition, which ren t ders them an equal quantity of vegetable ^ matter as the first does the upper class; 0 and preserves the crop as secure against c drought as though it received the hpncfitIv of the Egvplian reservoirs nf the Nile.?' () >. But, gentle render, make the experiment j if ye list for yourself, and then at leasure j draw your own inference. If I have sug- j gested a plan whereby you, at a future day, may with pleasure look over your j. renovated fields and luxuriant crops, I a have then gained the summit of my wishes, and the most lofty eminence of my j ambition. v I have the honor to be, P Your fellow citizen, W.P.Richards. ; & v : ' From the Yankee Former. I THEORY OF MANURES. Public attention at last seems thoroughly aroused to the importance of ap plying scientific principles to every branch v of the arts of cultivation; but that which t appears just now to be the favorite topic j of inquiry, is the action of maaure. f Nothing" can be more simple than the t theory of manures. A plant, like an ani- c mal, requires food, and obtains it from j the air and from the earth, certain kinds t of food are required by all plants indis- 0 criminately: such as water carbonic acid, ^ and* nitrogen. Other kinds of fooil are f indispensiblc to some species, and useless, | or even deleterious to others; such as t alkaline substances, salts of iron, copper, and otber mineral matters- The art of f manuring consists in augmenting,, within { certain limits, the quantity of that kind of food which is universally necessary, g in supplying a sufficiency of that which is specially demanded dy each species, and with-holding that which is useless or de- j. letrious. T But, although the theory of manures is j thus simple, the application of it is, in f .^reality, cxlreme'v complicated, and'tn- , rplves.a great variety of details, which | none but the chemists can possibly ex- t amine. It is, in the frst place, nee.essa- , ry to determine what kitt(tl of food a ( plant specially requires: this can only be t learned from an analysis, both of its or- ? ,rans of vegetation, and of those of frucli- i - ' \. , 'yj *i"A *"< "V")? icalion: the analysis of a grain of wheat h viII not show that of its straw ant! leaves, r iciilicr will tlie latter show the constitu- I ?nt part "f the seed. It may, indeed, be t said, that if the straw and leaves are heal- t thv, tfie grain must I).- so also, ami there- . fore, to know the cousiition of the for- \ mer is enough; and this would be true if i \vc merely wished to secure a seed capn- ] hie of producing healthy seedlings. But i it is the end of all art to render nature j subservient to the wants of man as the | substances called gfutten is that which | forms the most nutritious part of corn, so it is necessary for the cultivator to pro-!( mole lite preternatural formation of that! principle; and he docs this by increasing! .. r.:. :_.l ;| | me quJiiiiiiy ?m nun>guu hi iiiusuu, mi" ug.* j i the aid *>( animal niomire, because nilro-j gen is nn essential clement of gluten. On . the other hand, if we cnuld conceive it( possible that a wheat field should be cut off from all uccess to nitrogen, the formation of gluten would be impossible, because nothing comes of nothing. To know, then, the chemical constituents of u plant is indispensable. Having ascertained what matters a given plant naturally contains, the next step is to determine chemically- the exact nature of predominant matters found in soil; otherwise, all manuring is blind hazard.? Suppose a soil in be already rich in phosphate of lime, which is an indispensable manure for wheal, to add more phosphate j oflime is a waste of materials. On the other hand, let a soil be rich in amrnonian, alkalies, and in carbonaceous matter, butcontaining phosphate of lime in sufficient quantity to give such a soil nitrate of soda would be merely adding matter of which there is already an abundance, and withholding the only principle that the land realy required. In such a case, bone-dust would have been useful, arid nitrate of soda wasted. It is, therefore, evident, that to determine the chemical constituents of soil is equally indispensable. But the labor of the theorist does not j stop here. He most also determine the chemical nature of the manures he makes j use of; otherwise, he cannot tell what , kind of manure to employ in each particu- , lar case. Simple manures, indeed, such , as salt, cubic, nilre, saltpetre, gypsum, and ' oven bones, the elementary parts of which are uniform and well ancertained, cause [ no difficulty; but as regards compound manures, it is far otherwise. Nothing is more variable than the chemical composi- ( don of well rotted dung, or of the various * kinds of peal; and few agriculturists have A my idea of ihe real nature of poudrette, ? >r even of yeast, malt-dust, soot, greases, < ind rape-dust. Suppose for instance, that t he black soil of the market-gardens near 1 his city, already abounding in carbonace- i )us matter, were manured with some subitance consisting of little else; it is clear ( hat no effect could be produced: but if it j ecieves alkalies and ammonia in a proper itate, such a manure will supply what isi, eally deficient. L We must have very unskillfully explain- ^ >d our meaning, if it is not manifest to eve- j. V one, that a knowledge of the exact . 'heniical nature of manure is as intlispenit ble as that of plants or of soil. He, then, who would apply manure in * : manner theoretic: 1 ly correct, must as- ) crtain with accuracy the chemical consti- ^ uents, 1st, of the plant to be manured.; n !'/, of the soil in which it'grows; and 3d, o f the manures that can be applied. s That this object is of the first impor- a ance, cannot be doubted; but how is it tl 0 be obtained? Chemical analysis can tl nly be well performed by very skilful tl hemists, and they are expensive. Indi- j( iduiils in this country can hardly he ex- ^ cctcd to incur the labor and cost of such e nquiries, even if convinced of their irnlortunce, and possessing the skill to conluct them. c 1 he investigation must be a special la- Y lor, undertaken for the general welfare, 1 the expense of public bodies. h The united efforts of those interested ? n the promotion of scientific agriculture, ? vould quickly produce an accumulation of insi'ive data, which, by con verting manu- c ing into a branch of science, and establish- 1 ng it upon a solid foundation, would be a v ;il't.of the greatest value to the rural popti- I ation of the whole world. o w DOMESTIC ECONOMY. v 1 n looking over my returns, I was struck c villi the remark of a man of much prac- a ical wisdom and one of the best farmers e n the Commonwealth. He says "that a s armor should produce upon his farm all f( hose supplies for a family, which the farm an be made to yield." In his case this s done within doors and without; for " here the spinning wheel has not for- 11 otten to turn round, nor the shuttle to s peed its flight. In this cottage whose c leat and beautiful arrangements, cannot c ie surpassed, the clothing, the bedding and ^ he carpeting were all the produce of their P >wn fields, and flocks. I shall not soon f< orget the unpretending and hearty hospi- a ality of these enviable dwellings. I have a lepl many a time under a silken canopy ti ind trodden many carpets as soft as the >ride of eastern luxury could make it; but e lever with any thing like the sentiment of j, ionest pride and independence with which a saw here. The floors spread with car- |, >ets made from their flocks, which for r ineness the foot of a princess need not lisdnin; and on a cold night slept in woolen sheets from their own looms as soft' as a he shawls of Cashmere; &. wiped rn.y face F rilh towels spun with their own hands v Vom their own flax, of a whiteness as s ransparent and delicate as the drifted csnow. In such beautiful examples of do- v mestic management, it is delightful to sec fc 'i- - t ' '**'?'* jjfbCVS. vitli how limited means the best comforts md luxuries of life may be purchased.? Vnr, were these instances few. The conn, y nf Berkshire abounds with examples ol his domestic comfort and rndepondence, ?Much to be regretted will be the change ivhich has already invaded many parts ol .he State, when under the pretence of superior cheapness, these household fabrict shall give place to the more showy but flimsy products of foreign industry; and the healthy exercise of domestic labor and household cares shall he deemed degrading in our wives and daughters, and ex changed for the idleness and frivolities o pride and luxury. I agree entirely in the sentiment above expressed, lhatcvery farmer should, as fai as possible, supply the wants ofhis familj from bis own farm. He should suppl) himself with bread, mfat, vegetables,milk ? - - i* L: butter, cheese ana cioining, so iar a? uu farm can be made to do it. He can a! most always do it at a less expense thar he can purchase these supplies. The la bor requisite for the purpose may often b< given aj times when it would not other wise be occupied; and by hands for whicl there might otherwise be no employment The sentiment of self-respect and self-de pendence, inspired by such a course is t great gain. The satisfaction of eating bread raised by ones own labor is no small, and various and important moral in fluences, which I shall not now discuss renders it altogether desirable; though ir some cases the same amount of labor con sumed in their production if applied ir other ways, would purchase a largei amount of the same snpplies. Though th< supply of our own great wnnts from oui own farms might seem, however, in som< cases to be a pecuniary loss, it is always in the end a moral gain, with which tin pecuniary loss is not to be put in compe tilion.?Coleman's Survey. Ay Honorable Pursuit.?That mar is unfortunate who permits the season ol youth to pass away, without acquiring the knowledge of some useful pursuit. He may possess wealth, with all its attendant pleasures, and his riches may exerl an influence upon all around him, yel without the knowledge of some usefu calling, he will at times experience ar aching void' which his riches can nevci ill. However exalted his rank, howevei jnlarged and cultivated his understanding rue happiness will be to him an unknown oeling, unless he can fix upon some pursuit in life, where the energies of his holy and mind be called into action. Desitute of any object to urce him onward, te must be miserable. Labor?not gold s the price of happiness. Health is one of the greatest blessings )f heaven. Without it, die luxuries, Measures and rounds of dissipation which ;an be bought with gold, are but thorns, icnetrating deeper and deeper, and sub trading more and more from the crimen current of life. Yet the fact that la>or is* the price of health and happiness, s generally understood. Thousands of young men in this county throw away the precious season of oulh unimproved, and arrive at maniood without the knowledge of any holorable pursuit. They grow up in habits if idleness, and are at last thrown upon ociety, too often the victims of immorlity and vice. The great fault lies with hose parents, who, instead of training heir sons for some honorable calling in he departments of agriculture, mechan;s, or trade, allow them to 'come up' liemselves, in a manner to suit their own vil inclinations. Agricultural and me* hanical pursuits have heretofore been onsidered unpopular. Hence parents /ho have sons unwilling to study a pro;ssion, permit them to arrive at manood without gaining a knowledge of any ccupation?mere 'loafers' or 'hangers on' ? cooiot*r ft o'JV/ic ij But the idea that agricultural and mehanical pursuits are unpopular, is false, [rue, t ey are laborious pursuits, but that ery fact should render them popular.? t is said that the very necessity which vercomes our natural sloth, is a blessing. Ve are happier with the sterility which i'0 can overcome by industry, than we ould have been with spontaneous plenty, nd unbounded prolusion. Labor gives njoyment both to body and mind. Our leep is a thousand times sweeter?our 3od is consumed with an additional relish -and our enjoyment receives a new and ecuhar enhancement when purchased by nremittingtoil. Industry will yield pleaures which, wealth cannot buy. In the ultivation of that soil, new objects are ontinually brought to view, calculated 3 exercise the understanding and imrove the heart. Art may be brought irward to aid in the labor of the field; nd every opening bud and tender plant {fords a rich lesson in the science of naure. Of all the false notions ever entertaind. the idea that ncrrirnlhiw ic a ?oll ? 7 ? ? (WMikui v *u u iv ?* vmi~ ig, and therefore unpopular, is the most bsurd. There is no other department of abor so productive of substantial happiiess. The agriculturalist is constantly asociated with all that is pure, and rich, ^nd lovely, and majestic in nature. The traductions of the earth, both animal and :egetable, he has the best opportunity of tudving.* New wonders in science are bntinually presenting themselves to' bis iew. In short, 'lie Iives^ moves > ami ireathes in a temple, whose'lofiy arch is ... . I filled with the wonders and lighted op with ' the glories of its author, and whose apart ! ments are filled with the stores of his I" goodness and his love.'?Main Cultivator. ' Facts?Facts are stubborn things.? 1. A poor farmer will be a poor man; 2. A large manure-heap makes a full 1 grainery. I 3. Intelligence to plan, industry to exeI cute, and economy to preserve?prosperi. ty follows. 4. Ignorance, idleness, and waste, are f followed close in rear by distress, poverty, and want. ; 5. The interest and happiness oji the r owner of all domestic animals are promo' ted by kind treatment, full feeding and r cleanliness. Trvit. > 6. Poop tillage poor crops. ^ 5 7. To raise an abundance of grass is the' " foundation of all good husbandry, andj 1 should be the first and last effort of every, person who desires to be a successful and J prosperous fanner. * 8. Planfs derive their nutriment from the soil, and every crop removed takes a' way part of its productive power, which an , honest farmer will take pleasure and der rive profit from restoring as soon as possi- j | ble. 9. Those who trespass on the kind dis- J , position fo the soil, to produce crops, with-1 i out making adequate returns to it, are soon! brought to judgment. > 10. A wise man will spread neither his ' r manure nor his labor over more ground ' than will enable him to attain a maximum r roenlt - ( ? 11. Postponing doing right, is doing! 5 wrong. ; 12. A well cultivated garden is the most profitable part of a farmer's domains. i' ' DISSOLUTION. p The co-partnership heretofore existing ; under the firm of FERGUSON <fc EA| TON, is this day dissolved by mutual consent. All persons having claims upon the firm will present them to A. W. Ea~ ^ ton. And all persons indebted to the : L firm are particularly requested to pay to ' A. w. Eaton, who is duly authorised to 1 receive and receipt for the same. 110 B'T. FERGUSON, A. W. EATON. , Columbia, August 16, 1841. ! NOTICE. We, the subscribers, have this day asso ciated ourselves in business as copartners", , and will be thankful to the public for alii' favours in our line. < A. W. EATON, JOB RUSSELL. i Columbia, August 16, 1841. DENTISTRY. YYR. J. LEE continues the practice o ' Dentistry in Camden. He will, on 1 application, visit families in the surround- ' ing country without?xlra charge. All operations will be on the mostap- ] proved principles, and warranted at least , equal to the best done in this community. 1 Feb. 10. ' FOR SALE OR RENT. The subscriber being desirous of de-* ' voting more of his time and attention to another branch of his business, will close his House of Public Entertainment, on the second Monday in August next; he offers the same for sale or rent. Any person wishing to embark in that line of business, would do well to call and examine J the premises. The terms will be made J accommodating. He takes this opportunity to return his 1 thanks to a trenerotts public for the very ' liberal patronage they have given him. L.SECREST. ( Lancaster, July 12, 26t32.' < The State of South Caralina. 1 KERSHA W DIS TRIC T. J. J. Dutilap, } vs. > Ca. Sa. in Debt. ^ Samuel Shiver. ) SAMUEL SHIVER, the Defendant, J who is in the custody of the Sheriff ol , the said District by virtue of the above , stated case, having, in order to entitle , himself io the benefit of the Act entitled, " "An Act for the more effectual relief ol in- , solvent debtors," filed a schedule of his whole estate and effects in the office of the Clerk of the Court of the said District: < Notice is hereby given, to the said J. J. Dunlap, the Plaintiff, and to all other . suing creditors and Judgment creditors of the said Samuel .Shiver, and to all other persons to whom the said Samuel Shiver may be indebted, personally or by Attorney to be and appear at the Court of * Common Pleas to be holden at Kershaw j Court House for Kershaw District before one of the Associate Judges of the said ^ State on the fourth Monday in October ! next, at which lime and place the said Samuel Shiver will apply for his discharge i1 . . . i c \ under the said Act. to snew cause if cny J they can, against the said discharge. g. a. Mcintosh, c c. p " June 26. 1841. Prs. fee 813 50. " _ n Fresh Garden Seeds, w FOR FALL SOWING. Among which are the following: Ruta Baga, } S Large Norfolk Field > TURNIP, h Spring ) I CARROT, ONION and SPINAGE, a And a variety of other Seeds. The-Tur? s nip seed will be sold low by the pound. tl P. THORNTON, P. M. TO SHOEMAKERS Wanted, a first rate Boot Malter. Also, a first rale Shoe Maker, to whom liberal wages and constant employment: will tie given. W. L. O'CONNELI;.: Camden, Aug. J8. ' v Sheriff's Sales.: ^ BY rirture of sundry executions reeled, will besold beCpre theCo or i Hou*e door in Camden, oiv the first; Mmrda^ and ? Tuesday in Septemberhext; the followingproperty, viz: \ The defendant's interest in the following negroes:-Robert, a Kkely young feHtijWf Hester and Iter infant. To be sold^as the property of D. E. Reid, at the suit of John D. Murray, survivor. The same property at the suit of the ??.i r>: . c,*>2_V .f it A ivaiuKi?> uuir i/lirtli>[ff uritlCDBIIA vi un ' - v Slate of South Carolina. The above ft. fas.have been transferred to Win. D. McDowall. B. GASS, S. K, V, Aug. M, 1841. * . -? STRAY JED. From the Plantation of Dr^ JonN Dennis, on the 3lst of July last, a -"3? small Sorrel Horse with a star in his fate; one white hind foot, and.is about nine <ft \ ten years old; noother marks remerribeCetf,';\* A liberal reward will be given to any per son wno win ueuver mis noree lowesjjuscriber atBishopvill, or a suitable reward to any who will take tip the^ horae and communicate the fact to meso that I get ? him. ' " y? thomas muldro^g^ August 11, 184]. AEGROES FOR SALE, ^ Two valuable .Negro Men, one a first '""4 patroon and jobbing carpenter; about 35 years old, the other a field band 26.ye.ars V old, both likely and of good character will he sold at a reduced price for Cash.7* Fur information apply to C. jr shannon. Aug. 4. . 3t . WM rr 1??. . , TALVABLE PL^NmiOIV FOR SALE. Thee subscriber being tierinpso fr^ma- -J% ving to the west, offers for sals lii's jPlantption on Little Lynches Creek, Kershaw District, containing fourlhoiisand six hundred and forty acres, one hundred ?ncbfij~ ty of which are cleared, and in cultivation the balance uncleared, and wellHlrnbefed^ of which, there are three hundred acr^ of fii st rate swamp land. On the premises are a good Dwelling House, with.the -necessary Outbuildings. Also', a-GHn House and Screw, entirely new, a Grist M ill with, two setts of stone; and a Sa w Mill, all r? A 4 nv.lnv _ I it-1 irn in nci. - TS&Z? '-A. '.?7? The situation of the Dwelling. House, ;^fa| ind the purity of the water which dant throughout the Tracr, - r epderi of the most healthy and (lesii'a"ble^P|anla^MS lions in the country. The hufd'^fgrfer-^. lility is not exceeded by any in ;the^ta?e.sfc:r' For further information apply to' ihV*uW;-WI scriber on. the premises. JOHN WttUAMS. v M Aug. 5. 4r34.- ' ' - ' - - : IN THE COMMON PLEAS. SUMTER DISTRICT. Crane & Conway, > vs ; > Sum Pro. . 7'**'. '<% J. J. Richardson. ) J.J. Richardson'this Defendant,, who is in custody of the Sheriff of said-District by virtue of the above siate'^eisc# having, in order to entitle himself loathe benefit of the Act, entitled ."Van btffiov the more effectual relief of insolvent debtors" Sic., filedaschednledf his whdle estate in the office ot the Clerk-^of the Court of the said District. Notice ishereby given to the said Crane fc Conway, and to all other creditors of the said J.J. Richardson, to whom he may oe inaeDiefl, personally or &y alio*. <Ifiey, to appear at the Court of Common Pleas for Sumter District, at Sumter Dourt House on the (4ili) fourth day of v November next before one of the Asso- " . :iate Judges of the State of South Caroli- y'; 1a, then and there to shew cause, if any ' hey can, why the estate and effects menioned in the said schedule should not be issigned, and the said defendant liberated ' igrceably to the said Act. V ' ' J A WES PARSONS, C. C. P. Office of the Common Pleas, ) ~ Sumter C. H. Aug. 2, 1841. f [Printer's fee, 815] GODOLPfflN. This Celebrated Horse will stand tha ipprnaching Summer season at Camden, rhe season will commence on the 1st of luly and end on the 15th August, and the all season from the 15th of August to the 5th of November, at S. D. Hammon I's.-r? le will be let to Mares fduring the Sum- * ner Season) at fifteen Dollars the singlefisit twenty Dollars the Season and fi/iy )oliars to Insure?50 Cents to the Grootrt i every instance. Money, or an apprdyedote payable on the 1st day of November , ext must be sent with each mare or she -*111 not be served. PEDIGREE. Godolphin was got by Eclipse* o*t of (ylph; she out of Lottery, by Hepheslion; e put of Castiaivira, (Sir Arcby's dam,)^>7 mported Buzzard; his blood goes immeditely back to the best English stock. In hort, there is not a better brei^ horse in v-X. jo. U. States, or in England. June, 20.