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THE CAMMUT JOURNAL. ~.i&Le-~--, , . . BtaawBii?aa? Bf KOBlJiT !trK5twHT< PublJihrr of U?e l*wi of III* Called 8UtM? MHft by JOBS C? WE2IT fob.XI. WMTa-ClROL!**, DECEMBER W, ISM. 30.43. " ?- " ! ' =a88gaaaaB=gg5agag-BMBa8a8BaiategB=gsaM=g)iigggMi.a, iiaiintiaai aMuiFft'.-a the Globe. Tweatw-vourth Congress, SEOOr^D SESSION?N SEN \TE. Mr. Grundy, fromth" commitee appointed yesterday, in conpnticn with a siniUr committer from the House of Representative*, to wait on the President of the United State-*. and inform him that a quorum of each House was in attendance, and that tliey irece prepared to reccirr ,any communication he might be pleased tn mat#, renortrd ihat ihev had nerform cd that duty* and that the President ha/I \ informed them that hp would ecnd a enm tnanicntion in writing to each House at 12*'dock this (lay. jJMWte following message was rcee!r?dj from the P/rjddtfntof the United 8ts(W. I bif &*< hy\Aui?i Andrew Jackson, Sj^$ He<r?tarv Ftlkn Citizens of fkc Senate 1 and blouse oj Representatives: Addressing to you the last annual mrs- j sage 1 shall ever present to the Congress of the United States, it is a source of the j most heartfelt satisfaction to be aulc to j congratulate you on the high state of pros-1 perity which our belored country has at- ! taincd; with no cau?rs at h?nnc <?,- broad I to lessen the confidence with which we ; look to the future for continuing proof* ol | the canaritv of our free institutions t?? [ produce nil lhe fruits of good G?verninant, the* genera! condition ??' our affairs may veil excite ofcr national prole. I cannot a*oM co'tcralulating you and my countrv. particularly, on the*ofeca* of the cffiru ma 'e during inv administration by lire Executive, and Legislature in c?n fortniiy with the- *i!irrre, constant si d earnest desirr of the people, to maintain peace, and establish cordial relations with all foreign power*. Our gratitude in due to the Supreme liulcr of the Uiiirer*r, ; and I invite you to unite with me in ?f-J, fering to Hint fervent supplication, th.it his providential core may ever be extended to those who follow it*, enabling thcin to avoid the dangers and horrors ot war, Consistently with a jn?t and indispensable regard to the right* a ?d honor of our country But, although the pre- \ sent state of our foreign affairs, standing. J without important change. a? thev did j < ? s ? ?* m k n-neit you m jnr.ilr?J t:i Jt:l\ la?r. is Ita'tering in the extreme. I regret to "?>.?] that many (juration* of an interesting j4 characial' at ittsuc with other powers, arr:( yet unadjusted. Amongst the most pro- ? ojincnt of these is >nt ??f our Northerns- ( tcrti B 'ami.iry. With an undiminished confidence in the sincere !?-?irc ??1 hi* Britannic M.'jes.y'ii (iorcrninnnt to adjust that question, I am nut yn in pnssession of the precise grounds upon which it propose* a satisfactory adjustment. With France *?;:r doplomalic relations j' have been resumed, and nnder circumstances which attest the disposition of ' both tiiiVcrnmcnii to preserve 4 mutual!) * beneficial intercourse, and f?>#tcr lh??*r 1 amicable fcriu.g* which arc so mvoneh required by the true interest* of the !- < 1 eoumri?>4. VViih Ku??iu. Austria. Pros sia, Naples, Ssrrdcn, and Denmark, the .1 best understanding exists, and our com-; merci.il intercourse i* gradually cxpan- ' cling itself iriih them. h is encouraged I in ail these countries, except .\aplr*. by, i their mutually a irditlagcous and liberal;! treaty stipulatum* with us. ; J The claims of our riiueo* on Portugal < are admitted to bejuat, but j.n>* i*o?:.? xr} 1 the payment ??f them lian b? n? unfortunately delated by fre?pieut political chati* gea in that kingdom. 1 The blessing* of p? ace bare not b r;j < secured by Hpain Our connecli??n?? wi'b < riHiiiirv <!? > i'tr l.e?l f u* , v, vac.-, . ? 'I ..i. bu d Hi* -l?? mc, Upon our commerce with her possession* < out of Europe. | < The claim* of American citizen* f?Tlosses sustained at the bombardment of< I Antwerp hare been presented to the (?o < rcrnments of Holland ami Belgium. and i will be pressed, in du< ??-a*tiii, to ?et?l?*- i ment. < With Brazil, and all our neighbor* tit this continent, we coitiinuc to sustain re-.| lations of amity and concord, extending j< our commerce with iht rn n* tir ns the resource of the people and the polic y of < their Goreriitiien > vriil permit. T ? jo*t'i and long ai.i .di iij rUi os of our rmz< n? J Upon some of tin ni. sic yet sources till dntsailfactioii and complaint. N?? danger J | is apprehended, however. Itnl they will | not be pear ably, although tardily arkm*# Jedged olid p*i?J by all. union* t.m ^ Irritating effect of her struggle with Texan should unfortunately make our immediate . neighbor, M.vico an exception. It is already known to y??u, by the corrcs- j pondcocf between the iwo Goicrnmruts, < commnnic.ucd j(>ur l.ist y.vhm, that our j conduct in relation to that struggle is rcgu- j lated by the same principles that gorcmed I' us in the dispute between Spain and Mexico, herself, and, I iru>i, that ?i will be lotind,' ^ on the most sercre scrutiny, that our acts hare strictly corresponded mth our profes-' siotis. i li.it the inhabitants of the tutted States should feel <trnng pr- }><?*??*? ion* for, the one party is n t cirprtsing. Hut this cir ; cum^tHuce should, n( It.-flf. fichu* grratj caution, les* u had ir-'o grev error WM.nw. mi i ?ummmmrnmmm n i of suffering public policy to be regulated by pxrtiahry or prejudice; and there arc consid* ertnons connected with the possible result of this contest between the two parties, of so much delicacy and importance to the C.'ritcd :tates. that our character requires I th* wc should neither anticipate events, nor' attempt to control them. The known desir -l oi he Texan* in Become a pari ni our *ys . tern, although its gratification depends upon j the reconcilement of various and conflicting interest.*, necessarily a work of lime, and; uncertain in itself, is calculated to expose our conduct to misconstruction in the eyes i of tie world. There arc already those who, indilrrent to principle themselves, and prone; to inspect the want of it in others, charge Gs rith ambitious designs and insidious f?oMat; You triJJ p. rceivc, by the accompanying documents, that the extraordinary misMexico has been terminated, on nfcsolc grounds that the obligations of tin* Government to itself and to Mexico, under treaty stipulations, have compelled inc to trust a discretionary authority to a high ofli ccr of our army, to advance into territory claimed as part of Texas if necessary to protect our own or the neighboring frontier from Indian depredation. In the opinion * * ?? _ 1 ..... 1.^ ol the 3Ictie.ni functionary who n? jusi ic? us, the honor of hi? country will be *oundrd by A mcriran soldiers entering, with tlie most amicable avowed purposes, upon ground from which (lie followers of his Government have been expelled, anil orer which there is at present no certainty of a serious effort on its part bring made to re-establish it? dominion. The departure of this Minister was the more singular, as he was apprised that the sufficiency of the cause? a??igut:d for the advance of our trroop? by the commanding General had been seriously doubt cd by tne; and that there was every reason 10 suppose that the troops of the I'nited Stairs?their commander hiring had tune to ascertain the truth or (alscnond ??f thr information u(>oti which thry had been marched to acogdoche? would be cither iberc in perfect at cord uce with the principle admitted to b- just in his conference with the Secretary of Mate, by the Mexican Minister himself, or wcie already withdrawn in consequence of the impressive warnings their rotnm and;ng officer had received from the Department of War It is hoped and believed that hts Government will take a mere dispts?ionate and just view of this sub jcct, and not l?c disposed to construe a rocarare >.f justifiable precaution, made ncccsniry bjf lis known inability, in execution of he stipulation* of our treaty, to set upon i:e frontier, into an encroachment upon its t^bis, or s slam \:p>n lis h ?nor. In the mean lime, the anricnt complaints tt injustice, made, on bcbilf of our cnicrn*. are di-rrgardcd, and new causes of JtstiUsfaruuii l?t?e .risen, some ol them ol 1 character req .irtug prompt remonstrance, and ample and immediate redress, i trust, (kjwxyct, by tempering firmness with courtesy, and acting with great forbearance upon every incident that has occurred, or that mi) happen, to do and to otaaio jonico, and than avoid the oecc^iij . f again Wringing his Mibj'-ci to; be view ?l ??:.gre?It t* in) dutj to remind you. that no pro?i>ion has been m idc to execute our treaty nuh Mexico for tracing the boundary We Jctucen the two countries. Whatever may \>c the prospect n| Mexico being soon able :o execute the treaty on its pan, it is proper bat vre should be, lis antinpation prepared ilalltunrs to perforin our obligation!*. wule )tn regard to the probib!?- rendition of tho>c :tlt whom we hare coriiiactfd them I he result ol the confidential inquiries nade into iho condiiioo and pro-peels of the ik*w!y dee! r<d Texmn Government, will be sotntnu nice led lo vou m the coutic of the ?cs??on. ' rcial re-tica, pr< nosing gri'sl ad? in ?g?'n ?? < i * ? <( ii i . i iiang-iiuts, hare been formed I h iIh* ?Ji?lant GoTi rnnicnts of Muscat and Siam.? The ratifications hare been exchanged, hut bare not reached the Departmant of State; copies ol the treaties will be transmitted to jrou, if rcccttcd before, or {tublished, ?( arriving ifier, tin- clo>e of lb** present wmioii of otign-ss. Nothing lus occurred to interrupt the good understanding that lias long existed with the Itarbary Povrcra, nor to chrck the will -- .. I..-II.. itmirmn mi in our inter IT nil.II to m .MtU.IM y ^ivnni^ "j. course with the doiiunioiis of the Government of the distinguish* <J thief of the Glioma.. Eni|?if. Information has hecn received at ;he l>epartnico ol State that a treaty with the Kmfv ror of \!orooco has just l?cri? lienor uted, which, I hop--, will Ikj receivrtj in iiiim- to he laid he lore the Senate previous to the clo*p of the session. You uill perceive, from the report ol the Secretary of the in-amm, thot tlte financial ?- ? b ?nn nii-ji means oi iin- bujiiui uimiHiK iu ...v., |r, Willi us improvement in nil other respects.? 1 lie reeetjHa into the I reasury riurttij the; present year, will amount tnahnut 847,til)I 81)??; those from customs b< mg estimated at ^22,7^.1.11; those from lands at about 824.(4>'/"OU, nud the residue from miscellaneous -onrcos. The expend it u #\i lor all object.* during the year, are estimated not to oxcrtsl |3w,00(l IKIfl, w hich will leave a balance in the 1 reasury lor public purposes, on the firpt day ol 'annary next of about 8 11.7 v&I.OoO This sum, with the exception of f?r? million*, will be transferred to thu evcrai States, in locordanre with the provisions of the act regulating the depositee <>f the public moneyThe unexpended bahnces of appropriation on the 1st day of January neat, are estimated at ?14,636,062, exceeding by ?9,? 696.063, the amoflnt which will be left in the rfeposite banks, subject to the draft of 1 the Treasurer of the United States, after 1 the contemplated transfers to the several 1 States are made. If, therefore, the future ! receipts should not be sufficient to meet these 1 outstanding and future appropriations, there inav be soon a necessity to use a portion of I the funds dejKuited with the States. The consequences apprehended, when the ! depositc act of the last session received a!1 reluctant approval, h&wt been measurably 11 realized. Though an act merely for the dp- j' positc of the surplus moneys of the United'1 States in the State Treasuries, for safe keep- ; ' ing, until they may wanted for the ser-;| rice of the General Government, it has been' extensively spoken of as an act to give the!1 money to the several Xtatas, and they have;1 been advised to use it as a gift, without re- ' gard to the means of refunding it when call- ' cd for. Such a suggestion has doubtless!' been made without a due consideration of, * the obligation of thedepostte act, and with- ' out a proper attention to flic various princi- 1 p!r*s aud interests wheh arc affected by it?s1 It ts manifest that the law itself cannot sane-j< (inn such a sugg?*5t?n, and thai, as it now j stands, the States lure no more authority to > i receive and use th?se deposttes without in-'< tending to return them, than any deposite I hank, or any iudiraJual temporarily charged I with the s-.fc-kcrphg or application of the I public money, woufcj now have for convert- ? ing the samr to their private use, without the I con?cnt and again* the will of the Govern-' I menu Hut, independently of the violation i of public faith and mora! obligation which t pre ititoh d iu this suggestion, when cxa- I mined in reference to the terms of the pre- i **nt depdsitc act, it is believed that the con- i sidcrations which should govern the futarc i legislattpu of < ongrrss on this subject, will j be equally conclusive against the adoption' ] of any measure recognising the principles | on which the suggestion has hern made. 11 Considering the iniirar.tc connection of < the subject with the financial inierestsof the i country, and its great importance in what- i ercr a?occt it can be viewed. | have bestow- ? ed upou it lb* moM anxious reflection, and | frrl it to he my duty to state to Congress Mich thoughts as hate oqtggrcd to mr, to aid their deliberation tn treating it in^Uic manner br?t calculated to conduce to" the com-; mon good. i !x* experience of other nations admonished ui to hasten the rxiiogiit?iiincnt of th? public drbt Hut it will be .i) %ain tha! we have congratulated each other upou tl?e * disappearance of this ctil, if we do net guard against the equally great one of promoting the uoucce?sary accumulation of public rcrcnuc. No political maxim is better established than that which tells us that; an itapr oTident expenditure of money is the parent of profligacy, and that no people can to prrpeium#- their liiiertics who long qui jm?- in ? |~tlir\ which ta*r? theic for objects not necessary to the legitimate and real wants of th-ir Goternment Flattering: as is the condition of our country at the pre- ? -"? rv?r.n?t hwauie of its unexampled ad. 11 ranee, in Ail the steps of social and political i improvement, it cannot be disguised that there is a lurking danger already apparent in the neglect of this warning truth, and that the lime has arrived when ihc representatives of the people should be employed in j di? ising some more appropriate remedy than 11 now exists, to arcrt iu 11 I'ndcr our present rcrcnue system, there I is every probability that there will continue i to he a surplus beyond the wauls oi the j Government; and it has bsffl ' s our duty to ! it it> ? -irli ? rrsui. <? wi li the true objects o> our Government. Should a sui plus be permitted to iccumu late, beyond the appropriations, u must u? retained in tho Treasury as it now is, or(i distributed among the people or the States. < To retain it in the Trrasur), uoetnploy-'.! d i?? any war, is impracticable. It is. 'i beanies, agonal the genius nf ??ir firer in- i ntitutions to lock up in rauilt the treasurej of the nation. To tokc from the people ' the right of bearing arms, and put their j weapon* of defence in the hands of a aiou-iing army, would be scarcely more dangerous to their liberties than to permit the (Jorernrnrot arcumtilalr immense <imounts of treasure beyond the supplie* rcrs?ary to its legitimate wants. Such u treasure would doubtless be employed,; time, ns it has been in other coun*. '. ?>...riiitiiiv trniincd amt.i?| 1I|V~I*9 ?? in ii ? B linn. 'I'o mllcrt it merely for ?liitribulion to ilu* States. wi> 111?I ?rrm l?> be highly impolitic, if not as ilongerotm us the proposition to rrtnin it in the Treamtry. The shortest rellertion tniisl aatiafy every one that to require the people l?? pay taxcn to the Government merely that they may be i i 1. ;nrr uith tli* anil. paio nam again, in |)|ivih?h - - fltantiiil interests of the country, and no svsIimii whirl) produces such a result can hp rxprctcd to rcceirc the public countenance* Nothing could be gained by it, even if each individual who contributed a portion of the tat could rcceirc bark promptly the same poriion. But it is apparent that noevMcm of the kind can er er be enforced, which will not absorb a considerable portion of (he money, to be distributed in salaries and commissions to the agents employed in the process, and in the various losses and depreciations which arise from other canses; and the practical effect of such an attempt must ever be to burden the people with taxes, not for purposes beneficial to them, but to swell the profits of deposite banks, and ( vinArt a Kotifi n C f A?a MMMIW AA. ? tt uauu Ul U9VIVM |/HUIIV u Ulcers. A distribution to the people Is imprac- 1 lirablc and unjust in other respects, ft 1 would be taking one man's property and 1 giving it to another. Such would be the 1 unavoidable result of a rule of equality \ [and oone other is spoken of? or would be likely to be adopted) inasmuch as mere is ' no mode by which the amount of the in* ' lividual contribalions of our citizens to i ibe public revenue can be ascertained.? 1 We know that they contribute unequally, 1 ind a rule therefore that would distribute 1 in thori rftttnlla. twnuld hp liahlp In all ihn ' ? -J J' ? ?? objections which apply to the principle of in equal division of property* To make < [he General Government the instrument i >f carrying this odious principle into ef- 1 feet, would be at once to destroy the I roean* of its usefulness, and change the < haracmr designed for it by the framcrs i jf the constitution. 1 < But the more extended and injurious ' ronsequences likely to result from a poll v which would collect a surplus revenue * ror the purpose of distributing it, maybe 1 forcibly illustrated by an examination of j ihe effects already prodticed by the present J leposite act* This set, although certainy designed to secure the safc-kecping of J ihe public revenue, is not entirely tree ' n its tendencies from many of the objec- J [ions which apply to this principle of dia- j iribution. The Government had, without ' leccsaiiy. received from the peoples large 1 turplos. which, instead of being employ 1 ?d as heretofore, and returned to them by 1 Tirsns of the publie expenditure, was de 1 posited with sundry banks. The banks 1 in malm l?,ni ttnun ihi? ?nr. I ? plus, and thus converted it into banking 1 rapitals. and in manner it has tended to ' multiply bank charters, and has had a great 1 tgcnry in producing a spirit of wild spe- ' :uhtion. The possession and use of the 1 property out of which this surplus was 4 created. belong to the people, but the Go 4 rcrnmcnt has transferred its possession to ! incorporated banks, whose interest and 1 effort it is to make large profits out of its 1 use. This process need ouly be stated to 1 sh w i?s injustice and bad policy. 1 And the same observations apply to the i influence which is produced by the steps 1 necessary to collect, ss well as to distii- 1 bote such a revenue* About three fifths ' nf all the duties on imporkt are paid in the I city of New York, but it is obrious that 1 ihc means to pay those duties are drawn 4 from every quarter of the Union. Every 4 citizen in every State, who purchases and ' consumes an article which has paid a duty ' at that port, con tributes to the aecumnla ! The surplus collected there 1 must, therefore, be made up of moneys 1 or property withdrawn from other points 4 anil other States. Thus the wealth and 1 business of every region from which 1 these surplus lunds proceed, must be to 4 same extent injured, while that of the * place where the funds are concentrated, and are employed in banking, are propor- | lionabl) extended. Out both in making the transfer of the funds which are firat necessary to pay the duties and collect the surnlus?and in makincr the re-trans fcr, which becomes necessary when the 1 lime arrives for the distribution of that ' surplus?there is a considerable period I when the funds cannot be brought int<* 1 uS?, and it is manifest that, besides tl.t * loss inevitable from such an operation, its tendency is to produce fluctuations in 1 the business of the country, which arc 1 always productive of speculation, and 1 detrimental to the interests of regular I trade. Argument can scarcely be uecei> 1 sary to snow that a mrasurr of this ' character ought not to receive further 1 legislative encouragement. 1 By examining the practical operation < of the ratio for destribution, adopted in 1 the deposite bill of the last session, wc shall discover other features, that appear equally objectionable. Let it be asau* mod, for the sake of argument, that the surplus moneys to be deposited with the fSstrs nave Dern collected, anu oeiong 10 ihrni, in the ratio of lite federal representative population?-an assumption f<>undrd upon the fart that any deficiencies in our future revenue from imposts and public lands, must be made up by direct taxes, collected from the States in that ratio. It ia proposed to diatributc the suaplus, say $30,000,000, not according to the ratio in which it has been collected and belongs to the people of the Slates, but in that of their votes in the colleges i nffelrrtors of Pressdrnt and Vice Pre si- i <lcnt. The effect of a distribution upon < that ratio in shown by the annexed table, i marked A. 1 By an examination of that table, it trill be perceived that in the distribution of a surplus of $30,000,000, upon that basis, there is a great departure from the princi* pie which regards representation as the true measure of raxation; and it will found that the tendency of-ihoi ^par*^ lore will be to increase whatever inequalilie* bare been supposed to atufad the ,t. operation of oor federal system in it* spect to its bearings upon the different ^ interests of the Union. In making the basis of representation the basis of taxation, the farmers of the constitntson intended to equalize the burdens which am necessary to support the Gorernment; -J?*-? -1 ?Lll. ?o uu uic auujuiun m mm ruuu, wunc ?? accomplished this object, was also tho means of adjusting other great topics arising ont of the conflicting views reipeeting the political equality of the various members of tho confederacy.? Whale rer therefore disturbs the liberal spirit of the corqpromites which established a rule of taxation so just and squiiable, and which experience has' proved to be so well adapted to the genius ?nd hsbilf of our people, should be rereived with the greatest caution and distrust. A bare inspection, of the annexed table ?f the differences produced by the ratio asnd in the deposite act, compared with the results of a distribution according to be rauo of direct taxation, most satisfy :rery unprejudiced mind, that the former ratio contravenes the spirit of the ronstilution, end prodcces a degree of njustiec in the operation of the F-dera! jorerntntni which would be fatal to the tope of perpetuating iu By the ratio of lireel taxation. for example, the State of Delewan*. in the r llection of $30,000.M)0, of revenue, would pay into the rrcssury $199,716: und in the diatribu* ion of $30,000,000. she would rcceir* >ack from the (internment, according to he ratio of the deposite bill, the cum of 1306,122: and similar results would fofow the comparison between the small and he large State* throughout the Union: hus realizing to toe small States an adranlage wrhi h would ba doubtless as uu icccpubJe to them as a motive for incorpo-sting the principle in any system which >roducc it, as it would be inconsistent villi the rights aud expectations of the arge States. It was certainly the intenion of that provision of the constitution vhich declares that all duties, imposts ind excise" shall ' be uniform throughmi the United States,** to make the burlens of taxation tail equally upon the pcopla in whatever JSutc of the Union they may reside. Dm u hat would be the ralnc of such an uniform rule if the moDies raised by it coald be immediately returned by a different one which will give to the people of some States ouch more, and to those of others much loss, than their tatr proportions? Wir?- the federal Government to exempt, in express terms, the imports, and manufanu res of some portions of country from all Juties, while it imposed heavy ones oo others, the injustice could not be greater. It would be easy to show how, by the operation of such a prineiple, the large Slates of the Union would not only have lo contribute their just share towards iht rapport of the Federal Government, but slso lure to besr in some degree the taxes necessary to support the Govern men is of their smaller sisters; but it is deemed unneccslary to slate the details where the general principle is so obvious. A system liable to such objections can never be supposed to have been sanctioned by the framers of the constitution, when they conferred on Congress the taxing power: and I feel persuaded that a mature riaminstinn of the ?uKirrt trill us tie. fy every one that there are insurmountable difficulties in the operation of any plan which can be devised of collecting revenue for the purpose o( distributing it. [*o* r#"?a ia . itlv authorizm .. levy uses 4 to pay the debts and provide J or the com* won defence and general wet/art of the Vn*? led StatesThere ia no such provision u would authorize Congress to collect toKilher the property of the country under e name of revenue, for the purpose of dividing it equally or unequally an ong the States or the people* Indeed, it is not probable that such an idea ever occurred to the Slates when they adopted the constitution. But, however this may be. the only safe rule for us in interpreting the nnanrt <rrant**d I t (hp Fpilrral Go vcrninent, is to regard the absence of express authority to touch a subject so important and delicate as this is, as equivalent to a prohibition. Even if our powers were less doubtful in this respect, as the constitution now stands, there arc considerations afforded by recent experience, which would seem to make it our duty to avoid a resort to. such a system. All will admit that the simplicity and economy of the 8ute Governments, mainly depend on the fact that money has to be supplied to support them hy the same men, or their agents, who vote it away in appropriations. Hence when there are .-I.. I I lAiravcgim anu waKieiui *p|^4,illiauuftiI1* there mast be ? corresponding increase, of taxes, and the people, becoming awakened, trill necessarily scrutinise th? character of measures which 'inis increase their burdens. By the watchful ey? of selMn teres t, the agents of the State Govern ments aro repressed, aud kept wilnin the