University of South Carolina Libraries
S THE CAMDES lOUSIAL. .-- *" - *i aoaERT moneaft .... . ' l-'vL. M> CAnPE^SOmfB^ABOU^PBCEWI N H -- i SS3 0A&322? fOTCSTAL. PabKekrd wry Saturday Mtnung hf BOBEBT ^KKIIUIT, rcaussin or the laws or riie two*. SUBSCRIPTIONS > Throe dollars a year in adrasee; or four dollar * at the end of the year. ADVERTISEMENTS Inserted tt seventy Sre cents the sqotre for tie . first, and (nil thai amount tor each oontienance? Tbt number of iomtioM to be marked on the margin crthey trill be continued and charged ac. cordially. Those inserted semi-monthly 75 centsand monthly ?! a sqotre for each insertion. Communications by nuQ to be post paid or remain unattended to. B?a?33B?a?agwr.WMirm???it From the CnlPiabm 'Telescope, %Hb .Not. 183G. Thie day llis Excellency the G'?ecri?or transmitted to both bfdnchce of the Le-. cislalnrc the fallowin^ ..OESSACE. | EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT. Noteubr 29m. 1836. j FcBticCitizau trf lk* SemU mmdoftk* fffVM ?f TifprrMtnlatircj About to bid adieu to the enre* and ??-; pons ibilitte# of public life, and meeting j you for the last time, to anile with yon in 1 deliberations fur promoting the welfare of South Carolina, I am incapable of expressing the gratification f experience in ' contemplating the spectacle of onexam- J pled prosperity, which now crowns the hopes and blesses the labor* of all classes , of our Fellcw-Cttizens. At no for ner period, have tbey enjoyed such pecuniary means of fulfilling their 1 destiniesas a community of enlightened 4 freemen, and of discharging tho oblige- 1 tions, wfiieh they owe to the world end to their posterity, by promoting the great cause of human improvement, and by 1 byfrg deep the foundation* of liberty in 1 a trcl? educated population, and well organized system of social and cifil policy. ' And wftiJf 11 occoidci . m 10 m qctobuv thankful loan overralia; Prundmce for 1 ihw ample means of happiness, wc can* J not be too deeply impreased with lite con- 1 viction. that ere are responsible to that fc*roridenee^ fottheir proper use and improvement. Nor can we, thus highly favored as a people, neglect our adraotagea with impunity. We most improve the 1 UhnttairaiM U? our cure, pi pay the ' penalty denounced against the nnprofit*. 1 We servant. We must> give a public-spl- 1 . Hted and patriotic direction to the cm of and more fnrtrard in the 1 career of improvement. civil, military, 1 mora), intellectual ?M aoeial, or ?iuk I down into that state of *?r<)i(l setfi?hncs?, in which eren avarice will be finally overcome by indolence and the lore ?f lurxuri* 1 -1 irj, lui ,? !?? mm. Iiiafurv t>i?l 1 OOt utuni^cncr. II ? "V ....... J ... too im)trr??ifelj teache* w?ihalcomott nldet ?ff Irtt nptblf at: bearing prosperity than adversity. it should admonish us of itie dmieruM ettlneoM oa which wt now fUud, where one false ami doon atop mar precipitate u?(rom our envious height 1 irita Jie if !Mii?ini?iuf folf below, which ytfWft* reidy lo receive us f trikh 1 could persuade myself thai these arc mere barren speculation*, drawn j from the esperfenee of other countries. 1 . bat inapplibable to oor own. Bst I cannot be bend to the threatening premoni- I lion* of a premature notional degeneracy i > which are visible in all directions, and not | least conspicuous at the centre of onr Pe- ' deral Empire. It belongs appropriately to you Pellow CStlahti, as the Legislators of 8?uU? Carolina, ane the selected guardians ??f her wclfareiio eonntarneu by in the means la your power, these fearful and downward tendencies, and to give seeti a wiee and salutary direction to the moral. wteiectu-j nl and physical energies of the people, as I -xrill expand every aelftfc feeling into patriotifm, and impress it upon the mimj of cvery eitbtrn, that his first and greatest interest is the gcnrral prosperity of the State, and the security of her institutions, her rights and her liberties. TVDili Id up theaolid fabric of the pros* parity of a Stale, bv developing the elements ?f her wealth and power, and organising systems of public ins'ruction, calenisled to elevate the standard of popular morals, sod popular intelligence, is the noblest employment that can excite the ambition or task the faculties of legists* tort Mid staltsmen. ^ In comparison with this, the miserable schemes of petty snd fi?!iich ambition, scrambling lor otucc through oil the filthy mazes of intrigue and corruption, sink into contempt and ii?il|nlficance. South Carolina baa achieved an enviable reputatation by her noble and successful struggle for the essential interests and constitutional rights of the Southern Stales. ReT success in that uneooa! contest, and the high character with which she came out of It, were principal' W owing to the apprrent and acknowledged ra>t- Aat her Statesmen and her nennie wcw actuated exclusively by a patriotic spirit of resistance, directed against a ??stera of rnrcn^rtlnttona! oppression, without any ulterior purpose of selfishI ambition. Let us cherish and preserve the reputation we hare thus nobly acquired, a- the Romans did their vestal fire.? Let no statesman of South Carolina, tarnish her glorious escutcheon, by enlisting as a partizan under the banner of any of those political chiefs trho are grasping at the Presidential Sceptre. The political principles and peculiar institutions of the State may be sold and sacrificed, but most assuredly they can nercr be preserved by such degrading partisanship. South Carolina, and all the States haying similar institutions, "must not put their trust in Pro-'1 sidents," but look to their own power and j i principles, for the security of their rights and ! instituti ins. Tbey are in a'permanent mi* i nority on all questions affecting lh. se rights and institution*, and whoever may exercise the powera'pf the chief magistracy, they wilt i be exercised in obedience to the will of tbe > adrerse majority. So long as this state of $ thingsshall!continue; so long as theexrco-.i tire government of tbe United States shall t be conducted by an administration holding < principles incompatible with tbe full security. of our institutions and rights; no ratcsmao j of rtooth (Carolina tan become associated i with that administration, without justly in- < curnng the imputation of becoming an ae- i complice in overthrowing he essential guar* " antces of her vital interest* tie cannot i worship the sun of federal power, end offer < up the homage of a de voted heart oa the al- < tars of the >latc. ! If the politicians of all the planting States would act upon their ohriousprin-i ciples, our rights and institutions would < bo speedily placed upon a foundation ! which uothing could shake in future.? t The whole of those Slates would be uoi- f fed upon principles essential to their very 1 existence, and standing upon tboramparts';' of the Constitution, in defence ol their 1 sacred rights, would present a phalanx t which no assailing power could overcome, f OuU however other States may think I or act on this subject, I trust* these will always be the principles of South Caro- i Una, and thai they will be sacredly rc- i carded and faithfully abserred by all her t public functionaries. 1 sincerely believe i that they constitute the ia!i?n:>n of her I political strength, and (hat if maintained,' J the) will throw around her institutions a t magic circle, which neither ambition n r I fanaticism will rettlnre lo 'overleap.-- I Leaving then the federal Government to | run it* fated career* and standing proudly t klool from al| th sc intriguing xombins- t lions, (tad "entangling alliances** by c which politicians may flatter themselves ? that [hey are serving their constituent*, a when they are only promoting their owo t aggrandizement, let us dedicate all our I faculties, and all our i-ITuu, to the iro* c provement of utir bc'.ored Slate, in oil t that can e *: tribute to her intelligence,-< Wealth, power, and security. I In the accomplishment of these natrio* f tic ends, too much attention cannot be I bestowed on the subject of education, in ( all its stages, and in|ail its branches. And t i beg leave, most respectfully, to refer you i lo Uie views entertained in my last annual s Mfmge, iu rdilioo to the schools or ne* c meniary instruction. It is in thrw hum- I ble seminaries, thai the. rising generation 1 reeeire those early impressions, which d exercise a permanent and decided inllu- t ence, upon their eondaci and character in t fofurc iile. g They are emphatically the nurseries of ' freemen, and the wisdom of the State can 1 in no way so effectually pruritic for the 1 perpetuation of our free institutions, as 1 by measures calculated to derate their c character, by securing competent instruc- ' lorn, and furiiiiinng for their air such ' elementary school book*, as will imbue 1 too minds of our youth with sound and 1 practical fiews, religious moral, and po- 1 litiral. J' No constitutional charter, however j viae its provision*, ran give freedom t? a . people. We most have free men before we can have a free Guctrnmtni; a.id we , cannot br loo deeply impressed with the convirtion (hat the rssential qualifir ations . of a frerrran^arc intelligence to comprehend his rights and interests, with the spirit and the military skill, which are necessary to defend them. The fetal expe- j Hence of but too many nations and com(nunitici'aronnd us conclusively demon- j Irate*, that where the body of the people are destitute of these qualifications, j every attempt at a? If government must end in some new form of despotism. In ? ?r fiUhftnI in. ' my opinion our ?j ?inn? ?? ... trocuon should bo made to assume a 4 more practical character* having a more 1 direct reference to the business and the f1 duties of active life. The common re- S1 Jiroach against a classical education, that! I I tends to disqualify our young men from i {performing these duties, as is not without i some foundation- It is not uncommon to mertvkb scholars, well versed in (he systems of ancient polytheism. In the fables of the ancient poets, and in the scarcely less fhhclons Oars tires of the ancient historians, who hare scarcely a smattering of the history and constitutions of their own country The effect produced on llio minds of young men by a loo csclusire attention to snch a ccurso of reading in our. schools and cojlege^ is similar to that which is produced on*the minds of young females, by reading sentimental norcls. It introduces Uiem into a tvorlil of ftnev. entirclv different in ail respects, from that in which they are dcatincd to act a part, and evidently tends to disqualify litem from acting that part, amidst the ragged realities of life. To j counteract this tendency, a concise popular history of oar own country, written j in n pure and simple style, and a dear ex- t position of the great fundamental prinri- < pies of onr system of fovatnment, J should be introduced into ail onr grammar schools. Por the purpose of effect- < ing this desirable result, mrfioa shooM J drat be adopted for nbtaioing^lmae works; j and to secure their introduction into I ?ur schools. It should be provided In the 1 regulations of the Coledgr, that no young 1 man should enter the Sophomore Class i who eonld not suand an examination on 1 the historical narrative, nor ihe Senior I uIim who eonld not atand an examination an the political exposition. < With the aame view of firing a more i practical bearing to our system of popular c instruction, I suggest the expediency of 1 ?stablishing in our College'a Professor- I (hip ot Citil and Military Engineering, t rhe works of internal 'approvement, which I ire now in progress, end will probably I rontinue to be protected for many years to 1 ome, its South Carolina and the neigh- I toting States, will require the services*! ? i number of civil engineers; end it is In | ill respects desirable that we ahoold have i iiizcns of our own well qualified In this t ii*bly important department,'whose aer* i ricea we can at all times command* Bo i ^reat ia the demand for this kind of scr- ' rice all over the Union, that the.rata of < compensation is becoming extravagantly t ligh, aod as a measure of economy alone, t he establiahment of the proposed pro- | essorsblp would be well Worthy of Connie ration. I Tkj j ? -*?-- : ?c uc|>an(nrni pi rauiury cu|mnn;i ng, will at course be made lo include in- l traction in the use of artillery, ind to < his may be u?efalfy added the practical i nstraction of the young men, at certain t tours, in the elements oi infantry tactics, i fly observation and redaction, during the < iresent year, have confirmed the opinion I expressed in my last annual message, as i o the expediency of combining in oar 1 renersl system of school instruction, the ise of arms and the elomcnUof military i actics, with the eommOn branches ofJi ducat ton. There is no other modi, in '< ny opinion, hy which such important remits eah he nrndnred. with Si, amall SB IS trpenditure of lime and money. Indeed, I have great double whether it be not the inly practicable mode in which the ale* ncotary principles of military movements, :an be scientifically imparted to the great >ody of onr citizens. - It will supply the nreet desideratum now MfpcfUmced in efectoally training the militia,?competent ifficers to command end instruct the nili> ia companies; and I feel perfect issuance that if generally pursued in onr ichoola, the very next generation that somes upon the stage of ective life,' will w an army of citizen soldiers, better queified to defend their rights, than any stealing army in the world, altar a peace of en years dorstioft. I suggest therefore, j bat the youngmen of theCollege be or-', poized Into one or two corpe of cadets, |] ?y law, or by the regulations of Ihe In- j titution. and though permitted to elect heir otrn officers, that they be required j o devote certain hours to the exercise of Irtlling. under the snperintendence of tba \ niliiary professor, who should be required ? o an as Instructor. The establishment < >1 #urli a system in the College, would, t ip?n very obvious principles, cause it to i ic extended to the grammar schools; as rny young own, in preparing for colegr, would naturally desire to qualify , limsrtf not onlv for performing his mili-i < ary exercises,' but for expiring to the ho- , tor of a military command. In one of he most distinguished grammar schools [ if the Stale, a company of Cadeta was ormed almost under my own eye, and rhilr their improvement in tardea was itrikiug to every observer,?tho intellirent gentleman at the head of tin inslituion assured me, that ne derived great ad- ( rentage in ita government from tne maniness and sense of honor Imparted to the . foung men by thie change in their mode >f recreation. I also recommend (be establishment of a , Professorship of modern languages, the tram , )f which has been tenons!y fut ever since ] Lite establishment uf the College I believe , there are rery itw graduates of the insttto* | tioo, who have not had oocasoo to deplore ( the defect in their eduratioo which has re- < soiled from the abeeneo of soch a professmship. In the present state of science, and * "-1 ' i-t ' - - TfimiMi a oi wcin ton com mere wi imwwww^o, a knowledge of the modern languages, it scarcely Imp important, than that of the ancient. A great many of the moat- valuable scientific and literary works no# extant, ate written in foreign languages and having no English translations, are sealed book# to those who are ignorant of the languages in which tbey are written. It is ao object ol tho first importance to hare a class of troll _?? ? ?? 1 - ?I' educated native merchant*, capable, of conducting oar immense and increasing foreign commerce, who will save to the State the huge percentage which the northern met*' chant* receive as a commission for exciiangiog oar podttctionf for thoae of otbereoontrie*. . Circumstance* tie now highljfavorv b!e to the accomplishment of this patriotic purpose. Let as, then, provide for oOr < fouog men the means of becoming accoro- j pliabed merchants; and not tBeleMt itnpor- i tanl accomplishment, is a knowledge of the l Eontiaeaial languages, and particularly the i French. ? . i These two additional profonprsbtps will I the literary organization of our Col- I cgc, and enable oar youth to obtain ao coot- 1 jleto an' ndnhnion at borne, that they win I m longer hire a motive for going to the 1 Nor. hem College*- I need not add, that J his is an offset of the utmost importance, i a the present state of pnbtie opinion in the | United Stales, reJativato oar dofoesde insti- ? jjtioos. The state of tho College discipline is now . jxcdJeot, and the ooodoct of the Students j taring tip passant year has. with a few ex- j rations, been hi*hit exemdarr. Most oil be inegtilaviiiei thet hare occurred, bitre ( iccn traced to (bo aboot where wine* end j irdrntapiriu ire retaikd la the town of Co- t wmbia, tod it Im been foood impossible to j week op entirely the communication bo* , ween tko end the joung men of the CM- | eg?. Tbeae wrttdiodbaaou of diaqutioe a tod muiouwtoco, do more to mar the pro#* , lerityof the institution. than all other causes < iftH-d *' -ffir* *fi*tffin^TT *if ***" | dab State, and oogbt in ntjr tylwinn to be | ibeted bj ite authority. The etU it not at j iH dimiaished, by the system of brewing.? | rbe reveooe derived from it, w but a poor i axnpeosatioa fir the pmthjge id. diflwang ; be dement# of ndtal peoiiaaee amoont , bote, who ere to be the nun* rates and1* , pdalorsof tbe Bute |j be Aoonahing condition of the'Co0ege<i DMt b? eminent!) graiifjriDg to every patriot- | e eitizeo in the MtOo, of evety demnuae* , ion, nrligiout or pMfefcM. Aod however >bt?ou3 the troth, we cannot too hthwaiUr , :upruss it upon qui mima, imi upb hpiiw \ KM of Ail iimitotioo, m intimate!/ coo- t teetod witb lbo character of tba 8ute and t be welfare of the generations dm are lo to- , ow oj, will great!/ depend upon die degree ] n which tbu .piritor portj, telipoutiMpo- | ideal, abaN be excluded boot mawwit Let ibb, el least, be a temple dedicated j aetaatoty lo Mciera and Literature, where j #i|wcbaem^ Iba fcftaiecaa mingle their , The natnbee of 8radeois bee ao greatly nc<eased once the new organisation, thai , they cannot ercn bow be tolerably aocoomo- ' iated in iberoomspwiided fee then; and , i * #. - _ i . vnen we wok nrwara 10 toe pnouw in- , steam of students et tbe eomsseoeetnent of ( beeoeaiag year, it b evident that dbe exist- , t)> seems of eecommdeiaoB will be wholly * Dfofficicot The erection of an addkiooal j idifioefer tUb porpooe, therefore, bee be- , some a meatcrs eot onlv of exnudieacT. but < if absolute neemsitjr; and I recc tnmeod that tbe steam} appropriation be made, as j bob as the proper ? mates shall be obtained. , The 'wage Library, also, raqvtraa a so- j j eonstderabie enlargeiuein to make it oar- j wipood wish the character of i he institution; 4 ina I suggest the proprietj of raikm* an ap- , Mopriatioo of -a thousand dollars 5* tins | jonoss. As l prapose to vbb Bwepe dor- , ng the earning year, it will give me great Measure to eseette as; miswj|ifni srtb vbicb I may be ehaiged as annahgdittof . hb object. I 1 eafttiftf cwwliijt this interesting fopfc. ( sit boot earnestly cossasandMg the College to j fWI W? - | gw ? | ^ . _ wo, as ueefeardiam of the rang geoera-J torn. ;i I herewith oomrnttaicafe a copy of so Act I f (be f'oagress of the (Jolted stalse, pr??t ridtog diai ibc surplus reveooe which shell J i w in (ho Moral treasury on ibo fir* day of j i fanuary nest, shall be distributed among the 11 Hacsoof the ooofcderacy in eertam specified: a propositions, Id be deposited in their rwpcc- t iretreasuries, without bearing iotere*, uo-it il the fiscal ants of the federal government I j hall readet it nooesnrj that tbi States! t hoold refiwd K, I also communicate a let-'t er from the secretary of tba Doited States, t lesiribg to be informed at tbaooviiost eraeti-t table poriox, what disposition kdulTmiw 1 A that portion of this fitnd, which shall (all i o the share of Sooth C arolina. As it ap- I popriatelj devolves upon joa to determine i print that disposition shall bo, I haro delayed inswering this inquiry, until you shall have j riven me the neoeseary authority. It may be important, therefore, thai you should act i upon the subject with as Utile delay as poesi- i bie, and it does not appear to be one which requires much deliberation. None certainly can be required to decide upon the expediency of receiving the money. We find a large surpba of revenue eecumulated in the federal treasury, which has been unoontitatiaual ly levied upon the productions of our own industry by a system of oppressive taxation enacted in opposition to oar solemn proiew*tioos, and attempted to be enforoon by the military power or (be United 8tates. The mooev is there wit boot any agency of oars, and tee act of distribattoa involves the qae?? tioa, whether it shall remain deposited in certain banks, to constitute a part of Mr htakwg^ ciiriuV :4gr fat * fiwwriLof to rtSapecWe f..?.( for fo, me of the. people to whora * eppopiaiclr Ijelooge^wii, wlwty if ?fc?oM * 0?*r Inn onrach a question. w> cotasiMce*, Jet it Opt be dugou^M***^W proceeding cao bc mora ablate,'; fatal io ;< ifte uttereatf of the., eipcniu# State*, than it ;-. ihorefcre, that U?? bazardou*, but neeefoarv dmIom will van* MMnM a aiifllau <kt. :- ' twjrood theneeewlj wbickgarerise tail that the federal treascry mil be within constitaiioaal dimensions, 6j the repilar process of reducing the dotie^ as : * woo *3 ibta can be done oooawendy with the >ligh*cd fetah of t^ogwar, imptW-Ui the wt of ItiSL As to the disposition wbicb it cn^jr be??wdtetit for the state to make of thia' ttnfljft,*(appears tome, that regarding it as ademote, the obvioss coarse will be to place t it the Hank of the State/ which h prateri*Iljr the treaaaT.v of the State. It wavth&w M used like all other depositee, as a portion >f the capital of the bank for the time bong, and widjostBy an eiteadon ofitsoperUions, in proportion to the amount and prdi table continqance of the depoahe. If voa boom concur m m$ rttw ot the eubjoct, M ; % rill be proper thai you a Would confer * *9*., siai authority on the President or < asbnt of ,, be Bank of lb- State of SmUb rarohnaL;^... " wwe.be-urn. lhal *MMx pa, able wider be ebneejd ad of Coognw, ?od ? ?g? ?s^"3^srs?sr^z *iate to rduod tiw money 00 the reqaiaiuoa il the Secretary ol the federal treasury. ft rid; 1 ben, faeoaiynecearary ta request tine alter officer in place the sum* to which the State may be emitted, as the/ successively M due, In (be Bank, and. to the credit of be Sute of South Carolina. I lay before too, in compliance with he request of the President of the Contention which inenUcd it KoosrfOe, >h the 4th of July teat, to eosnderUi subject of Bail Rood between Louie* rille and Cincinnati and the cfly of Char *?iod, a copy of toe proeecdiog* of that w&J* la one of the resolutory which yoa will Gwid among those proceeding*, tra appeal It made in the Legislatures ef the State % Lhrocgfc which the proposed Rail Road is intanded to pass, for liberal spprofffia* lions fro n their puqlic treasuries ia tup^ ^ port of tfcia graat work. A a enterprise to gigantic in its astir* ind extent, end to magnificent in its pro- ' sited rewlte to .the prosperity of Booth Caroline, pre-eminently deserve*, end till doobtlees receive your fa rotable eon* ' adoration. If eaeeeecfally conducted to u final [aecompHshrafctit, it will be e stonumeet worthy of the tee, and of which 1 the greatest empire aright jaetly be proacL It will prodoee the greatest rcrataOo* in commerce over effected by en artificial :hsnne! of eotnm onicaiion, and not lews imnortaot than that which ?raa produced" ir the di to very of the passage round the ' Zapo 01 Good Hope. With other cause*, ?ow fortunately co-operating, it will elude Charleston to rodaim her loat adran* ages, and to become the Emporium of the rest tad increasing foreign commerce f ich it founded Upon the agricultural production* of the Booth Atlantic and Western States. Nor will the advantages if this change be confined to Charleston. Beery pan of the Stat? will enjoy ha due iroporrtioo of tbom. A flourishing comnercial emporium, like the bean la the initial economy, diffuses life, energy, mud icalth, through the whole system. it is ' ha City ^f New York, communicating rith the world by the ocean, aad with he interior by her nnmerotrt channels, ? Mtural and artificial, that imparta-wealth iod prosperity to the remotest extremities if that gr?et State. Make Charlantoa he New Y?rk of the South, and eorres* >omJing advantages will result, not only o the interior of thi* State, but to the en* he region connected with that city by the tee of eon?<v.ereial Intercourse. Within a certain sphere, according to a roll known principle of political ecoaony, thr ben -fits of Commerce cannot be localised. t<? hfjicficcnt effects are eaten Ua I ly difimtre. If theae views are joat, and were pro* perly impressed upon the minds of ?>or * -" >L'- u.nnl.1 laill) mult* renuw ifiiurnt, M*?jr wt-Hiu mn. A.nrv, lo do avijr ihil local spirit, which, by iceking to aernmpttsh mere local pnrposee, might embarrasa the progress, and mat the tymmestry of the noma structure we are aboet erecting. 1 have tooira^re* liance upon ihe patriotic spirit of oar tiiens, to believe that these narrow and miataken views will he permitted to sway the councils by which It la to he planned end erected. It is too mighty an nnder* taking, will involve loo grHi in etP'ftJUnra. and la daatlnad tn aarnenfar too eloee i com petition, to allow ?nj neriiet to be rasde to ?uch Tien, without ex. postur the whole enterprise to imminent hasara. That route which U *iddetUy\\.t best, within tbo limits ?f the Cbbrtflh 4C ' v. i x* ' . > *;% ** ' * . -