[ nn ^ n # HI # 0 *. <i& ii t 0
f &fs & J?? (Bmmmjiw.'&mrmmwiisim?* ::IS5~?
'' ii ii ' ? n ??? i i $..
~ ' ' ' 1 '. >' ' " Jl'ijfii i?iif^-:r??i><?i>j ii) tnt? Vr.yr
YOJiJ7MI5 VIII. CHER AW. SOUTH-CAROLINA, TUESDAY, FEBRUARY. 1843. . '
."1 V|"jf I . , II -BB III IB~-Wfag?1~??? ' i ' I I || ' llllY i
ol'J II' 'I r! ?
Jfr * MAtLBAM.
- Tintus : ?fKibl|?h?d weekly at three doUara a
fddtl with art Addition, when hot paid within
three months, of twenty per eent per annam.i:?
Tkrw new awhaaribere mar take the paper at
4fe dollar* ip e4r*noa; ,and ten at twenty.
Keur.subscribers, not receiving their papera
id town, miy pay a year's aabaoription with ten
in advance.
;iA yeerhianheeriptlon always due in advance.
. ipapers opt (lipcuntinuod te aolvent subscribers
Advertisement a not oxeoeding 1 f? linos inserted
far rtrt* Hollar the first time, nnd fifty cents each
eirteeqasnt tame. For insertions at interval* of
ttrtawrtake T* went* after the first, and a dollar
if 41m intervale are longer. Payment due in
advance for advertisements. When the number
of TtiiMMions ii not marked on the copy, the
advertisement Will he in sorted, and oharged till
rdaml wot. n
C7*The postage must he paid on lottcre to the
editor ?nt|ie business of tlio office,
""I f I
From ike Southern (Athena, Qa.) Whig,
i .?* For the encouragement of manuring,
I'rtrtnd you the following practical facta
juat na they occurred: it you valuo thein
as highly na [ do you will make room for
them in your paper. A piece of the old.
est, ponrcat nnd most worn out land I
owned nnd thickly net with Bermuda
graft* wo* Relucted*. (1 should observe
the Bermuda graft* whoa well broke up in
the winter gives very little further trouble
Although it i* not killed,) the piece of land
being well broke up twice in the winter,
whs put in corn nnd well cultivated, it wm
n good crop.year,. the corn including rotlet*
nubbin* nnd nil made near one hnrrcl
todhe ncro, next winter the field was
made larger, well broke up and covered
broad east with leave* froin the wood*
nnd such other mjnuro as was nt coin.
Aland, it wo* put in corn and made three
barrel* per acre of good corn. It wns
agnin well broke up in the winter, cover
broad cast with Icavo* nnd soil from
tbe wood*, with a little mnnuro from tlic
horaa lot, a storm passed over tho field
and blew it .very badly, it however mens,
ured sevan barrel* of good sound corn
{osueti of the cora being rotten nnd not
measured,) .per acre. The whole field
was now sowed in Oats without rnanu.
ring, all who saw it said it was the best
field of oat* they over snw, it -wa* very
till and had to be cut with reap hook* ;
JUiddlcton Thompson who is a good prac.
Aical planter insist* if it had rnado one
snore shock the ground could not have
held.the shocks, it inadc three targe double
stock* per acre; as the size of a
stack of oats-is only comparative, to give
a bolter idea of it* produce, I would say,
on fresh land the best Outs I have cvor
made ha* never produced more than one
stack of the same size to every three
acre*, so that this field made nine time*
a* much per acre as tho best Innd I ever
cultivated. The noxt winter this fi? Id
.was partially covered broaden*! where it
spteffipd most to need it, with litter from
the wood* ns well as from tho horse lot,
and directed to he twice broke up during
the winter, another li.Lie field of fresh
land was manured broad-cast where it
(*>trai required il, wttn stable manure,
which wiim givon to m? by one of my
nejghborfl ; another little held of this bind
woe put iq cotton, the rest or my cotton
jcrop wnw 100 ucrcsnn another part of the
plantation not connected with these three
i'ltle fields ;-tI had a long spell of sickticks,
and when 1 was tthlo to examine my
crop, I was disappointed to find that the
whole cotton crop was planted without
breaking up tho ground in the winter, and
covered in such a way as to throw the
cotton seed out of tho rows instend of covering
them in tho rows. I discharged
my overseer immediately, employed Mr.
Barber, a good practical planter, in his
place, he was directed to ptss over the
crop, examine and seo what had host ho
done, his opinion was (hat 150 could produce
no cotton and hud better bo plough
vu up miu put in corn, mat on the other
three little field*, by careful working, nl
half stand might be waved ; so observe the
cotton crop consisted of three little fields,
making as we guess 15 acres ; by having
In plough up 150 acres and plnnt it in corn,
Iho cotton lost its first and most important
Working, the Bermuda grass by losing its
winter's breaking was very much in the
way and done much injury, we think no
jiart had more than half n stand. Now
for the produce : when nearly all the cot'ton
was picked out, I directed Mr. Barher,
who, observe, is a good practical
plunter, to get bngging sufficient and
have it ginned and packed, in a few days
he caine and said tho cotton would overgo
his calculation, and required more bagging;
tho quantity he wanted was got;
in a few more dava hn auitiri f?*wl
informed me the col ion still over went hie
calculation, and he must have more bag.
ging, he wns again directed to get it ( I
* now wont to examine my cotton and
rather found fault with Mr. Barber as
a practical planter, in hi* judgment
what the land would produco ; lie said he
had made the crop and knew how much
it had been injured, first, from loss of the
first and most important working ; second,
Bermuda grass from not being broke up
in thu winter had been in tho wuy the
wh?d? Mttuson and injured it greatly ; tliut
put t of it \vh8 not manured nt nil,
and that no part liad half n aland, that he
?tu? coii|id? i?t it hud nut made halt a crop,
| that it was all now ginned up. that there j
was, 16 5| ynvdbags or well packed cot- i
ton that ha certainly never wns so much
deceived, and was more fully convinced
that tho study of the planter should bo
how to manure. Is not the history of the
little crop as I have given it, sufficient to
put those who shall rend it, in tho notion
that the proper system of planting is to
cultivate leas land, make that rich, nnd
put it in high culture, horc is (hy guess)
15 acres which we think l>y bad managemcnt
has not mado half n crop, still produces
16 bales. Now tnkc the plnntn- tions
such as we shall find them over the j<
country, if a planter wishes to make fifty \<
bales he will be unsafe in trusting to make
it pn less thnn200 seres; make 25 seres
rich and put in high culturo and ho will j
be sure of his fifty bales (barring accidents,
if he will put his whole crop under
high .culture, he will have 7-8 of his time
to muke manure, nnd still make a9 much
as he now does ; the question is not where
to find the manure, whoever begins will
always find the materials at command, if
ho will give sufficient lime and attention
to it, 7-8 of his land will be at rest nnd he
can select the best spots to manure?
lightly manuring land is a waste of time
and labor, the crop perhaps is improved,
but the land is no better than before, to
manure y?nr after year unttl the whole
nature of tho laud is chemicnlly changed
and poor laud mude rich : the field above
alluded to was a (bin whito ridge, it now
looks like dark low ground ; I have never
yet mndo one acre rich, but by partially
manuring a number of acics 1 Itnvo made
in corn 40 bushels per acre, in oats the
products have been increased nine fold, in
wheat 45 bushels to the acre, 5 bushels is
a passable crop, in cotton I have never
made nil acre do its best,?I presume it
100 dollars was offered to him who would
cultivate, the best aero of cotton not more
than one would make 2 bales per acre.
ttoBKBT R. NyUtDK.V,
We think it probable, not to say certain, that
the writer of the above article overrate* tho loss
sustained by him in hi* crop of cotton from the
tliinne** of tho stand. When good distance is
allowed to cotton it branches much moro than
when tho distance is small. The yield is not diminished,
perhaps it is rather increased, by
increasing the distance between the stalks, no long
as the branches inlerloek. Most pluntcrs in Uiis
neighborhood who plant land that yields so much
500 lbs. of seed cotton to tbo acre, allow too little
distanced bet ween the stalks. Cotton eunnot root
so writ, nor, of courso, stand drought so well
when the otolks are small and stand closely as .
when they are larger, and have more distance and I
more foliage. Ed. Far. Gaz.
From the Albany Cultivator.
HINTS TO YOtJNG FAH.HKRS.
NO. I.
On lenving the pntcrnnl roof, to seek
my fortune in the wide world, when nbout
18 years of ngo, my father gave mo this
parting admonition : "My son, take enre
always to let xcell enough alone." The
occasion served to impress the advice
deeply on my mind, and nmid tho diversified
scenes of thirty-five years, it has seldom
been forgotten ; and I huve renson
to believe it has had n veiy salutary influence
upon my prosperity nnd happiness.
It hns afforded, withal, something of a
standard by which to guagc the indiscretions
of others. How often has n disregard,
in others, to this maxim, reminded
me of lite Italian epitaph : " I was well.
wished to ho belter, took physic, and here
I am." The true philosophy of hnppi.
ncsa is to depend on one's self for tha blcs.
sing?on the livtdy exercise of the virtues
which enn alone confer it. The man
who is industrious and frugal, and who
scrupulously fulfils the relative and social
duties, whatever be his condition or pro- i
fession, stands the best chance of enjoy. ,
ing n goodly portion of tho comforts and
pleasures of life, and of pcrprtunting in (
his children his habits and his virtues.? ,
While he who would live by the industry
of others, or who expects to find happiness
in the frail applause which wealth or ostentation
may extort from those around I
him, seldom succeeds in his desires. i
Tom Tape was my schoolmate. Tom <
had rather high notions from his hoy. <
hood ; and persuaded his fnthcr to put him |
to a merchant. In due limo Tom became <
the master of a slicp of goods, was at ten- I
tivo and fortunate, nnd acquired n snug I
estate. Had he let well enough alone, he <
might now have heen the head man of our
town. Dut pride got tho better of prti- >
donee, and persuaded him that he might i
do better at New York. Ho went there,
figured ns a wholesale merchant, for which 1
neither his capital nor his experience were <
adequate, for three years, and then en mo I
the notico in the state paper for his ere- I
dilors to show cnusc, &c.
Tjerek Weasel's farm joined mine. lie
!/*z? ono of our best farmers, nnd under- .
_a I 1?- e - ?
niuou wie vaiuc 01 "come UOi/s," as well n? ,
any one. Good luck was mo constantly
by his side, that ho considered that any ,
mnn might get rich who had a min<l to.? ,
Hut ho could not let aicll enough alone? <
ho wished to no hkttkk. Ho therefore ,
removed to the village and opened n tnv. |
crn, nnd he had the promise of the justice j
courts and of tho stago custom. " Go i
boys," did not improve the farm, nnd it <
soon became neglected and unproductive. ,
By and by the courts were removed by ,
iuw, u?u mu-ju went 10 uic new noici, iinu j,
Iho temperance era wound up tho ta^prn business.
Tjerck has got back to {he
farm, with habits very much altered, and ^
h.s fortune not a little impaired. Yet ?e
consoles himself, that he is not hulf so ba<l
off ns
Joe Sledge, once our master blacksmith,
afterwards n merchant, nnd now a jnufr-] M<
neyninn. Joo was so famous for His ' ni
edgo tools, that tho people enme to | 1)1
him froin all pnrts. lie had his jour- j 01
ncymen and his apprentices, and was .nl- j ,l
ways present to ovorseu them, and to be , to
seen by his customers, us ull master ine- **
chanics ought to be. Joe got rich, he- 1)1
cause ho was adapted to his business, tjnd 11
bis business adapted to him. Joe thought, ^
willi Sum Patch, that some things could '
ho done as well as others?nnd that he- tu
cause every body liked biin as a black* ! t'.1
smith, tlicv must liko him ns any thing i c'
else, forgetting that it was his trade, and j rtl
not (lis mind nor his person, which had 01
brought him into notico. And ns mer- ,v
chant was rather more respectable than .
mechanic, and withal a more tidy employ- 1,1
men!, ho in fact sunk the blacksmith, and w
became a dcalor 111 tuj>ea and sugars. It tl
fared with Joo as it generally does with P'
others who embark in now business, of 11
which they know nothing, after they have c!
arrived at mature manhood. Those who
had heen bred to the business, proved sue- w
cessful rivals, mid the sheriff tiuully closed d
his mercantile concerns, by selling the '*
entire elfects of" a merchant unfortunato *
in business." Joe insists to this day, that n
if ho hud lei well enough alone, lie might ^
have la-en us well ulF us tho best of his ,
neighbors. w
From the Ntu> England Farmer. "
COWS AND CALVES.
I have always found high feeding im- Tmediately
before and immediately uflor *'
calving, to bo injurious. I know this is 01
contrary to the opinions and directions expressed
in all, I believe, the agricultural c<
works 1 havo ever rend ; still the fact
with me is ns stated. My cows always ?
do better at that time, if no alteration "
?_| 1 !_ a t !_ t* J * ? *11
iiikc'h j)iagu in uieir iccu. i wo yearn ^
since I determined to give a fuir cxperi- la
incnt. Two of my cows hnd calves in .
tho winter ; one of the calves won well
|-(i
housed and well tended ; of the other, ^
which was dropped upon the snow, no
care was taken, nor was the mother sheltered
at nil. The latter calf was decidedly
the hnttci animal, though for n day or m
two it lay upon the snow, or what was fo
w orse, 'slosh,' or inelted snow. Faot* are ru
stubborn things, and we must yield to ?
them. My feelings, I confess, wore not ~
very pleasant while the experiment was 8,1
going on ; but I thought nature was audi- ' >
cient to take care ef itself: and tho op- al
portunity to try the experiment was so 83
lino, that I could not let it slip. 1 did l"
not expect to lose thecnlf?hut I hnd pre- ''
viously noticed (hat nil my cows if left to Bl
themselves, both summer and winter, 1,1
would always leave home nt calving time, j Bt
and he nbscnt from one to six cinys, when hl
they would come homo with tho calf nt f
their side. 1 huvo never housed a cow M
during my residence in the west. They
nrc rcgulurly fed twice a day in winter? t0
morning and night ; nnd after being SL
. lit
milked in the morning are turned out of
the burn ynrd, let tho wcntlicr ho as it
may ? rnin, snow or sunshine. I endenvor
always to have plenty of ashos nnd | M
salt in the troughs in tho bnrn yard, which
thev lnr> at will, nnrt mnrn ?>r Ine-a ilailu
Y i- - ? - ? / i j fl.
and this keeps them, I presume, in good . .
health. This is a very simplo matter ; i
fill a trough half full of ashes ; the cattle ;
unaccustomed to ashes, will lick (lie salt ;
nnd get a taste of the ashes ; they will l''
soon ho very fond of it, and will lick the l"
ashes alone if no salt bo there. If your fu
troughs (like mine) aro not under shelter, j"
and it should rain, no matter ; the salt will m
only dissolve and mix with tlio ashes. 1 cr
renew the ashes only as occasion may re- J ,l(
[juire, hut I salt onco a week, whether the j n'
old lull ho gono or not. ^
i*
Caxdlk and Oil Factory?I. vrd ! m
Markht.?We learn that the large roach I as
factory, belonging to the (.'union Compn- ov
ay of llaltiinoro, situated on the margin th
?f the Futapsco, a little South nnd West fa
r?f Kendall's, has been rented for the pur- w
pose of carrying on the manufneturo of po
candles and oil from laid, on a most <>v. ?
tensive scute. The machinery is now | tli
being put up, nnd in n short time we may ! tl?
sxpuct to see tli is interesting business con- 1 ?i
iliicteil in our city, under such auspices j ?p
is will make Baltimore owe of the best, if pr
not the very best market for lard in .Vine- A
ricn. The gentlemen who huvo engnged ?u
in this enterprise, lotve a very large cash ct
capital, and will ho able to conduct their pi
business upon the most liberal and ndvun- lx
tngeoua tonus. Amcr. Far. at
? m
Mode op Incrkahino tiie Growth op 1'ota.
roes.?Tlio flowers being eut ofl' as they appeared I1
mi tlio plants, the number of potatoes produced ro
was much greater than where the blossoms had w
remained untouched. Kurly in October, the stems '1C
and leaves of the plant which had not bore flowers m
were strong and green ; the others yellow and in a '10
state of dacay. The plants which had been stripped
of flowers produced (on the same spaco of
irmnnH) nSonf fnn' i - * - ' * ''c
^ .... .?W. M.uva HIV ni l^lliUI lurjrc* |K)la.
Iocs, very few sn?itll ones iKiinjf found. Those 0.1 '
which (lie (lowers and frui( were left, produced hut va
a small number of middle sized potatoes with a tu
^reat number of little ones, from the size of a common
filbert tu that of u ivultiui, it11
POLITICAL.
EPUIILICAN OR WHIG DEPARTMENT.
From the Charleston Courier.
Tnic Mkrcury and Mr. Ci.tr.?Our volatile
:ighbor in atlliclod with a fit of the spleen, at the
jar prospect of a visit to our ancient and hospita.
!c city, by " the great Statesman of the West,"
id seems in fear and trembling lest he should aclally
receive a dcrent share of democratic hospiility,
in the State that honors and is honored
? " the great Statesman of the South." We
retend not to know how this may comport with
to requirements and the measure of democratic
mpitality, but we do know that it is little in
eeping with Carolina feeling and Carolina hospiility,
ever rclcbratcd for a generous wclcomo to
ic distinguished stranger or the illustrious fellowtir.on
froin a sister Stato. The Mercury may
amiss all apprehensions as to any competition, i
i the p?rt of Mr. Clay, with Mr. Calhoun, for !
>pul;tr favor in this State. In the language of |
Ir. Pktigru, in his late speech, at the Clay meet- I
ig in this city?"South Carolina, probably, nay,
V 111j v nay, |?wiiivnjf, uum prrier ner own aisbguishcd
boh to ull competitors for the highest
Iacc " and in the propriety of this preference
Ic handful of Whigs among as cheerfully acqui.
lee, for they all allow Mr. Calhoun to bo one of
|c leading and master minds of the nation, posIsscd
of administrative talents of the highest or.
tr, and that, if the Executive mantle should be
heed on his shoulders, by the free choice of the
Jncrican People, he would administer the govern!:nt
to his own famo ami the good of his native
antry?of our wide spreud and glorious Union,
lowing these facts, Mr. Clay, if he honors us
th his presence, 0:1 his journey northward, will
lit us only as a private citizen, nnd we doubt
t, the ungracious vaticinations of the Mercury
( the contrary notwithstanding, will receive cvojt
mark of welcome and respect, due to him as an
lustrious son of our common country, and worthy
l*our city and her proverbial hospitality.
But has the Mercury never contemplated the
jut ingeney, not a very remote one, that the tricks
ad jugglery of a certain northern magician may
holly push its illustrious favorite for the l'rcsi.
:ncy from the platform of democratic candidacy,
id confine the coming issue to himself and Mr.
lay f In that event, would not the Mercury
iko neighborly counsel?nay take counsel from
s former und its better self ? Would it not say.
u;,?n;.w, ;u -- i?:
?TKII wn II gvui-iuua CliUIIIMaXIII UI
ily 8, 1837, (rce editorial of Mercury of that
ito)
" If we cannot have a Southern State Rights'
an?if John C. Calhoun, by going upon the
rlorn hope of truth is (politically) dead upon the
mparts?like a gallant steed fallen in front rank
-borne down and trampled upon by the base rear
-and can only hope for justice, fiom those who
lull look upon these disjointed times, with the
res of posterity. If, for a disinterestedness above
id political sagacity 1/cyond the age, he is to be
.crificcd a martyr to principle?at least call upon
i to support same man iearthy of an enthusiastic
ust. (Jive us a man of some noble traits, a hold,
t ave, gallant, high-minded man* os genius, ic/lO,
iough we sco his political errors, we can yet asire
ourselves, can do nothing mean. Civk us
fell a man, for instance, as IIe.nrv Cur. He
ould hare our respect, our admiration. There
something heroic in him. Not solitary chieftain
rro'.Ki.i. Oh, no! but of a kind not at all related
, ?!,?> a>f?>/> n* aa* i-i ?? <? ?
?nv uuiiij'* ? v nuuiu uui iiiiuw uur.
Ives ii;to the arena for his support, but we would
>t quarrel with the Northern Whigs for offering
;cu a man for the suffrages of the opposition.?
ie tell the Northern Whigs, in: is tiik only
AX ON WHOM tiikv CAN iiA li.v A COXai'ERINa
,htv, unless the |>eople come more suddenly to
icir h. iisvs than we have a right to expect, and
once do themselves the honor of rendering jusso
to tho first man in the country" 1
Will not the Mercury bepureuaded?can it not
; coaxed then, to take counsel of itself?and, if
c people?the democratic people?should con.
iuc so senseless and stupid as obstinately to re.
sc to " do themselves the honor of rendering
stiec to the first first man, [one of tho first men
ost certainly] in the country," will it not be
intent with " some man worthy of an cnlhu9ias:
trust?a bold, brave, high-minded man of go.
us ?seen a MAN, SOU INSTANCE, AS IIk.nry clay"?
nr in Rn rlmnir ttriliilil III#. ,t/*iv-in*i# ,1*1 1 ? I*.. I
?? VCIHy UCili(
vp, run counter to tlic real wishes of liic great
njority of tlic people of this State?for, united
I titer are in the support of the claims of their
en illustrious statesman to the highest office in
c gift of the nation, we shrewdly suspect that,
iling in this darling purpose of their hearts, they
rtuld infinitely prefer and would willingly sup.
>rt Teucro Duce, their great leader pointing the
ay, the plough-hoy of Hanover; the mill-hoy of
e slashes; the amanuensis of Chancellor Wythe;
c grocer s clerk at Richmond ; " the great comoncr"
of Kentucky; the trumpet tongucd inirer
of the late war, and able negotiator of the
csent enduring |>cacc with Great Britain; the
mericun Secretary of State, managing with ronimmato
ability, 11 to diplomatic relations of his
>untrv, mid counselling tin: chief of u sister relblic
to imitate the immortal Wahiii.noton, and
i like hiin the Father of his country; the great
id persuasive advocate, taking captive the judg.
cnl9 nnd the hearts of jurymen?the patriot
ulcsmun, electrifying the Senate with his cln.
lencc, and wielding a |>otcnt influence over the
)iincil9 and tho destinies of the country, over
liich he may sliorlly he culled to preside in repub.
:an snprcntaey?yes, they would prefer " such a
an" to the cnimintr Marriciau of tlm ?ti.?
lished and the udroit Van Kuren?skilled in the
nnagement of the cups and balls, and in the prac.
:u of every other art and triek of political lcgormain,
for tho undermining and overthrow of his
is cautious and more open adversary, and the ele.
lion and consolidation of his own political for.
lie.
Iii reference of the flings of the Mercury at onr
liiihlc rtlf, tiny n;c matters of .'mall monunt.
Suffice it to say, it has much magnified, in its own
Mercurial fashion, our hannlesa pleasantries,.per.
pet rated, rather in mirth than malice, against its
great leader, in by-gono days, when our preference
was for service under another chieftain. But distasteful
as our lampoons and jests may have been
to the delicate palate of Jove's winged mcsscn.
gcr, we arc sure Jove himself regarded them, if
not with complacency, at least as fair hits in tho
rough game of politics. We are sure, too, we
never descended to abuse of Mr. Calhoun, in tho
very fiercest mood of our parly warfare?nor ever
gave him such sweet morsels to roll under his
tongue, ns the following, applied by tho Mercury
to Mr. Van Burcti, (whom it has since lauded and
supported for the Presidency, and is now ready to i
revile again, if thwarted by him in its favorite
purpose), on the 30th August, 1837:
" Martin Van Buren'is the spawn of Jackson's
tyranny?the successor to Jackson's usurpation? |
the fabric of ' the simple machine' into which the I
hero retrenched tho govcrnmonl"??" brought .
into power on the servile shoulders of the subservient
democracy, and unworthy the nupport, therefore,
of any freeman." !!!
DEMOCRATIC OR IXJCO FOCO DEPARTMENT.
PUBLIC OPINION RIGHTING IN RKOARD TO J
THE BLESSING OF PATCH MONEY BANKING. !
Tho nnnnxnd article, from the New '
York Herald's money writer, puis in a !
strong light the main point which in pro. i
ducing such a change in the mind of tho
people in regard to tho paper-issuing
banks. It is not only the fraud and ruin
growing out of the expansions, specula,
tions, contraction*, and depreciations,
which belong to the banks of paper, hut
the oppression of the tax which wears
down (ho productive industry of the nn- 1
lion, to support the drones who hivo in
hanks. This is the mischief which is incurable*
Wo do not object to men who
hnve amassed surplus capital investing it
it in loans, and establishing banking partnerships
for tho purpose. Tho alnise
grows out of tho privilege by which men
who hnve no capital, make it out of paper,
and of those who have, doubling it in the
same way ; and then taxing the community
to pny interest on their promises to
p:iy me unnK mitigations issued as currency,
which they nre not able to pnv.
(Jrlobc.
From the New York Herald.
The greut revolution which has ticcn
going on for n few years in bnnking, will
produce the most beneficial efil ets on the
industrious classes. The country has
been impoverished and swindled to an
almost inconceivable extent, by a small
class of bnnkcrs, under the pretence ol
facilitating trade. The once wealthy
State of Virginia has been impoverished j
by this villanous system. In bringing !
together figures, the results are absolutely i
astonishing, even to those who nre in
some degree prepared for it. We will
look at the actual slate of affairs in Vir.
ginia. The following is a list of five
hanks, with thoir capitals, and that of
(liuir branches, also the total numticr of
stockholders.
HANK CAPITAL OF VIRGINIA AND THE MMME
It OF STOCKHOLDERS.
Stock. Stockholders
holders
in Vir- out of
Capital, ginia. Virg. Total.
Bank of Virginia $3,1)42,000 609 33 701
Farmers' Bank 2,653,650 582 28 610
Bank of the Valley 1,076,100 137 29 266
v Hinir onn w ?a i k?
Mcrch'ts &. Mt-ch's 516, ">(10 111 43 153 J
((<,635,430 1,551 223 1,773
In these 1,773 people, of whom 222
arc foreign to the State, has been vested
by law the solo privilege of furnishing f
the people of Virginia (whoso population, |
in 1830, was 1,211,403; and, in 1840, j
1,239,71)7?showing scarcely any in. j
crease) with a paper currency. In the .
last ten years, then, 1,703 people have reccived
of the proceeds of the industry of !
the remaining 1,238,034, 87,000,000 in j
dividends, of which 8912,000 has lamn [
sent out of the State. This sum has been i
iinwl fi?r llip nriviloon nf iwinir n.>n? I
I 1 6" '"""b |? i|?ui
promises as currency, instead of the constitutional
currency of gold and silvct.?
The operation will he made more clear
by taking the largest bank separately?
the Bank of Virginia. That concern
went into opuralion in 1805; and during
the time since elapsed (heing thirty.sev.
en venrs) has actually divided and paid
among 704 individuals, according to its '
own sworn returns, $17,179,080. This
sum was paid by Virginians, in the pro.
coeds of their labor, for the privilege of
using an annual avcrago of $8'^9,100
tif the paper promises of the associated
<u-i persons, us a currency. In the yei r
1818, tlie circulation of (lie brink was
$1,030,080, a nil (he Richmond office
paid u dividend of 23 per cent, fn 1821,
the circulation f II to $114,470, and the |
Kichinond otlico paid hut 5 per cent, in I
1837, the circulation ngnin reached $1,. ;
197,000, and ngaiu the hank paid 20 per
cent, dividend. What an ah< tninahlc
swindle is this! If the hank had never
existen, and the people, instead of giving
$17,170,000 to the hankers lor nothing,
[ 11nil Kneritf5,0d0,tl?0 Co*
I would now luiv? lYrtd * *nira
and not only been *1IWMM
in hard cash, (cqunj U Uifc.rb1.^
of tobacco.) hut wpuld havo
lasseH that liava prawn opt of%, *M\VMU/i
ual fluctuations of t|l? hook* ria.dv/ fcpB ?
No v, wltilo people submit tn(tM?dp?n
mcn? taxation for the henof?t of ,? hdMs
fill of indvidunl*t they ntfu?? to pfWtMNl!
debts contracted by the
the Inx, though ?raall in cotnpartaani
loviod inn direct manner. Thbi'icuserje
marked in the case
Tnke the case of the Ut?itot''<?* ??
I Bank. The number dfrtWfckH&hfctfcfkrtltl
as follows : ' ' '" **
In Philadelphia, l.?*?
Elsewhere in Htc United States 1,052
In Europe ' or mi 1,390
Total ' "' ? 4,523
| > I W:. Sy
The capital of this bnhk wrtt $35,Q0t>,
000, and the profits in 20 'yenrs hi'
| its existence amounted (b ffO.OOO.bOO1
! whereof thirty per cent, pt
was sent from Europe, and 40 per Vfeht.
or $29,000,000 paid out of PonrisylVJilrtfa
?making $49,000,000 paid VtlUfotniTO
l>y the people who were iltcnitlng' hbwn?
I nns to the 4,523 persons \vfiO reoeived
, this enormous amount of mortoy' iWrnt
| them, ns if they imparted softtd grist
blessing by so doing.
vania was on the point of failure fot Wtfwtf
$900,000 to pay her interest. Thel^i^
islaturo on the 11th June liriwtf a MX im
personal property, estimatdil'to yield on#
| million dollars. In Jan lift ry, 1341V ^
Governor, in his mesftige, athlcd thPt1
none of the tax Imd been qblleeted/ Mntf
that tho countv officers lind tiirken 'AM
steps in the matter. This waif-betttuW
taxation was unpopular. fn tfite mes*s.ijjri
of January, 1842, the profcridils' klf inw
tax arc stated at 8?3,000i irtsttnxt of tttttt'
million. Now, why are dispeople ttfllifc?
lo giro eighty million dollar* tA
people, for the use of th*irfctff*3vfttid Wirt
not pny one million dollato-lot^ %
of the State 1 It is beeafew thrfitobbeil**?
of tho banks have left thchfrtf itfiout' Wie!
means. ' 4V*1 I oi/W si *iil> 'll
.. -r-? -.to I .jiom
?,flT " vn>j58rt*?H>u. wi
THE KXCOUHAOKHRIfl' OF MAXUFAC*'TURKS.
A Pennsylvania papwr, u'fth
hcmence declares itself friendly ttt{,HW?'
encouragement of manufactures,
also are in favor of the eneeurageMebttif
manufactures, as warmly, ns voheinOrttlu*
ns tho Pennsylvania journalist. niliWa
should be glad to see all tho neceeoMHM
and comfoils-of life,, which come ytithiifc
the denomination of manufacture*, pr(^
duccd in still greater abundance, of. *
belter quality, and nt a cheaper rate ttinn
they now arc. But how is this to be el'?
fee ted 7 Oafj
Tho answer is obvious. ' It is to bo effected
by opening the markets to tmiraio
sal competition, nnd buying of:him eh??
brings articles of tile best quality nod most
reasonable price. Thus you encourage
manufactures ; you reward the industry
and the ingenuity of him who, whatever
bo his country, makes the grcntqst cont^ibution
to the wants and the comfeft of
mankind, for the smallest compensation.
You ensure the production of the grcntbkt
amount of wealth with the least labor. 1
On the other hnnd, if yon exclude from
the markets the most skilful competitors
who offer you the productions of their in*
duslry ? ?|)0 lowest cost, wliicii in the efIbcl
of high duties, you discourngo raanu^
facturos. You repulse Iho most successful
artisan ; you impose n penalty on hi**
skill, or upon those advantages of hi* situation,
which enable liim to furnish what
you want on better terms than others,-**
If you persist in this policy, you must oxy
peel to find your manufactured' urtitleai
deur in price and inferior in quntify. '
We have an cxnmploof this liefurt rtUr
eyes. The manufacture of silk, In R?gland,
as long ns il win protected1 ngahuft
foreign competition, never flourished.
While British artisans l>n?l the mn?<frfy
of tho British market, they F**? their
customers fabrics which were scandatoow.
ly and disgracefully inferior to the stllM of
other countries. At length the monopo*
ly was token off, and the silk inarvnfitettrre
immediately took a new face ; ite trtisnns
began to exert their ingenuity^ end
its fabrics, under the right sort of endow*
ngemcnt, competition front ell aides, be*
mine excellent. We quote tho following
account of tho matter from a lute English
paper lying before ns j
" Tho demise of tho silk monopoly,
Iifl??r nn ilLoi?*.??t ! !?. - e , ?**
- 111 i?u yi'ors, if in
I ho recollection of most of us, for it is an
uflairof 1(5 your* buck. Under tHo'rrb*
atrictivo system tho silk of England wna
the worst nml tho dearest in the world,
and a dUgrncj to (lie indit-dry of tho coontry
of cloth, cotton nml hardware. It is
now, under freedom, tho grcfttost silk
manufacture of Kurorts, and, with the exccplion
of a few fancy articles, its fabric*
are tho best in f|unlrty. Under the mo.
nop'tlv, wo consumed toss than two millions
mid a l?.It- ?>r ?:~L* * '
_ ni IMU
raw material. Under freedom, we contiiiiiiu
twice thi* quantity. Under tho
first, we exported about h hundred em1
lifiy thousand pounds wufiit to colonics