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[ nn ^ n # HI # 0 *. <i& ii t 0 f &fs & J?? (Bmmmjiw.'&mrmmwiisim?* ::IS5~? '' ii ii ' ? n ??? i i $.. ~ ' ' ' 1 '. >' ' " Jl'ijfii i?iif^-:r??i><?i>j ii) tnt? Vr.yr YOJiJ7MI5 VIII. CHER AW. SOUTH-CAROLINA, TUESDAY, FEBRUARY. 1843. . ' ."1 V|"jf I . , II -BB III IB~-Wfag?1~??? ' i ' I I || ' llllY i ol'J II' 'I r! ? Jfr * MAtLBAM. - Tintus : ?fKibl|?h?d weekly at three doUara a fddtl with art Addition, when hot paid within three months, of twenty per eent per annam.i:? Tkrw new awhaaribere mar take the paper at 4fe dollar* ip e4r*noa; ,and ten at twenty. Keur.subscribers, not receiving their papera id town, miy pay a year's aabaoription with ten in advance. ;iA yeerhianheeriptlon always due in advance. . ipapers opt (lipcuntinuod te aolvent subscribers Advertisement a not oxeoeding 1 f? linos inserted far rtrt* Hollar the first time, nnd fifty cents each eirteeqasnt tame. For insertions at interval* of ttrtawrtake T* went* after the first, and a dollar if 41m intervale are longer. Payment due in advance for advertisements. When the number of TtiiMMions ii not marked on the copy, the advertisement Will he in sorted, and oharged till rdaml wot. n C7*The postage must he paid on lottcre to the editor ?nt|ie business of tlio office, ""I f I From ike Southern (Athena, Qa.) Whig, i .?* For the encouragement of manuring, I'rtrtnd you the following practical facta juat na they occurred: it you valuo thein as highly na [ do you will make room for them in your paper. A piece of the old. est, ponrcat nnd most worn out land I owned nnd thickly net with Bermuda graft* wo* Relucted*. (1 should observe the Bermuda graft* whoa well broke up in the winter gives very little further trouble Although it i* not killed,) the piece of land being well broke up twice in the winter, whs put in corn nnd well cultivated, it wm n good crop.year,. the corn including rotlet* nubbin* nnd nil made near one hnrrcl todhe ncro, next winter the field was made larger, well broke up and covered broad east with leave* froin the wood* nnd such other mjnuro as was nt coin. Aland, it wo* put in corn and made three barrel* per acre of good corn. It wns agnin well broke up in the winter, cover broad cast with Icavo* nnd soil from tbe wood*, with a little mnnuro from tlic horaa lot, a storm passed over tho field and blew it .very badly, it however mens, ured sevan barrel* of good sound corn {osueti of the cora being rotten nnd not measured,) .per acre. The whole field was now sowed in Oats without rnanu. ring, all who saw it said it was the best field of oat* they over snw, it -wa* very till and had to be cut with reap hook* ; JUiddlcton Thompson who is a good prac. Aical planter insist* if it had rnado one snore shock the ground could not have held.the shocks, it inadc three targe double stock* per acre; as the size of a stack of oats-is only comparative, to give a bolter idea of it* produce, I would say, on fresh land the best Outs I have cvor made ha* never produced more than one stack of the same size to every three acre*, so that this field made nine time* a* much per acre as tho best Innd I ever cultivated. The noxt winter this fi? Id .was partially covered broaden*! where it spteffipd most to need it, with litter from the wood* ns well as from tho horse lot, and directed to he twice broke up during the winter, another li.Lie field of fresh land was manured broad-cast where it (*>trai required il, wttn stable manure, which wiim givon to m? by one of my nejghborfl ; another little held of this bind woe put iq cotton, the rest or my cotton jcrop wnw 100 ucrcsnn another part of the plantation not connected with these three i'ltle fields ;-tI had a long spell of sickticks, and when 1 was tthlo to examine my crop, I was disappointed to find that the whole cotton crop was planted without breaking up tho ground in the winter, and covered in such a way as to throw the cotton seed out of tho rows instend of covering them in tho rows. I discharged my overseer immediately, employed Mr. Barber, a good practical planter, in his place, he was directed to ptss over the crop, examine and seo what had host ho done, his opinion was (hat 150 could produce no cotton and hud better bo plough vu up miu put in corn, mat on the other three little field*, by careful working, nl half stand might be waved ; so observe the cotton crop consisted of three little fields, making as we guess 15 acres ; by having In plough up 150 acres and plnnt it in corn, Iho cotton lost its first and most important Working, the Bermuda grass by losing its winter's breaking was very much in the way and done much injury, we think no jiart had more than half n stand. Now for the produce : when nearly all the cot'ton was picked out, I directed Mr. Barher, who, observe, is a good practical plunter, to get bngging sufficient and have it ginned and packed, in a few days he caine and said tho cotton would overgo his calculation, and required more bagging; tho quantity he wanted was got; in a few more dava hn auitiri f?*wl informed me the col ion still over went hie calculation, and he must have more bag. ging, he wns again directed to get it ( I * now wont to examine my cotton and rather found fault with Mr. Barber as a practical planter, in hi* judgment what the land would produco ; lie said he had made the crop and knew how much it had been injured, first, from loss of the first and most important working ; second, Bermuda grass from not being broke up in thu winter had been in tho wuy the wh?d? Mttuson and injured it greatly ; tliut put t of it \vh8 not manured nt nil, and that no part liad half n aland, that he ?tu? coii|id? i?t it hud nut made halt a crop, | that it was all now ginned up. that there j was, 16 5| ynvdbags or well packed cot- i ton that ha certainly never wns so much deceived, and was more fully convinced that tho study of the planter should bo how to manure. Is not the history of the little crop as I have given it, sufficient to put those who shall rend it, in tho notion that the proper system of planting is to cultivate leas land, make that rich, nnd put it in high culture, horc is (hy guess) 15 acres which we think l>y bad managemcnt has not mado half n crop, still produces 16 bales. Now tnkc the plnntn- tions such as we shall find them over the j< country, if a planter wishes to make fifty \< bales he will be unsafe in trusting to make it pn less thnn200 seres; make 25 seres rich and put in high culturo and ho will j be sure of his fifty bales (barring accidents, if he will put his whole crop under high .culture, he will have 7-8 of his time to muke manure, nnd still make a9 much as he now does ; the question is not where to find the manure, whoever begins will always find the materials at command, if ho will give sufficient lime and attention to it, 7-8 of his land will be at rest nnd he can select the best spots to manure? lightly manuring land is a waste of time and labor, the crop perhaps is improved, but the land is no better than before, to manure y?nr after year unttl the whole nature of tho laud is chemicnlly changed and poor laud mude rich : the field above alluded to was a (bin whito ridge, it now looks like dark low ground ; I have never yet mndo one acre rich, but by partially manuring a number of acics 1 Itnvo made in corn 40 bushels per acre, in oats the products have been increased nine fold, in wheat 45 bushels to the acre, 5 bushels is a passable crop, in cotton I have never made nil acre do its best,?I presume it 100 dollars was offered to him who would cultivate, the best aero of cotton not more than one would make 2 bales per acre. ttoBKBT R. NyUtDK.V, We think it probable, not to say certain, that the writer of the above article overrate* tho loss sustained by him in hi* crop of cotton from the tliinne** of tho stand. When good distance is allowed to cotton it branches much moro than when tho distance is small. The yield is not diminished, perhaps it is rather increased, by increasing the distance between the stalks, no long as the branches inlerloek. Most pluntcrs in Uiis neighborhood who plant land that yields so much 500 lbs. of seed cotton to tbo acre, allow too little distanced bet ween the stalks. Cotton eunnot root so writ, nor, of courso, stand drought so well when the otolks are small and stand closely as . when they are larger, and have more distance and I more foliage. Ed. Far. Gaz. From the Albany Cultivator. HINTS TO YOtJNG FAH.HKRS. NO. I. On lenving the pntcrnnl roof, to seek my fortune in the wide world, when nbout 18 years of ngo, my father gave mo this parting admonition : "My son, take enre always to let xcell enough alone." The occasion served to impress the advice deeply on my mind, and nmid tho diversified scenes of thirty-five years, it has seldom been forgotten ; and I huve renson to believe it has had n veiy salutary influence upon my prosperity nnd happiness. It hns afforded, withal, something of a standard by which to guagc the indiscretions of others. How often has n disregard, in others, to this maxim, reminded me of lite Italian epitaph : " I was well. wished to ho belter, took physic, and here I am." The true philosophy of hnppi. ncsa is to depend on one's self for tha blcs. sing?on the livtdy exercise of the virtues which enn alone confer it. The man who is industrious and frugal, and who scrupulously fulfils the relative and social duties, whatever be his condition or pro- i fession, stands the best chance of enjoy. , ing n goodly portion of tho comforts and pleasures of life, and of pcrprtunting in ( his children his habits and his virtues.? , While he who would live by the industry of others, or who expects to find happiness in the frail applause which wealth or ostentation may extort from those around I him, seldom succeeds in his desires. i Tom Tape was my schoolmate. Tom < had rather high notions from his hoy. < hood ; and persuaded his fnthcr to put him | to a merchant. In due limo Tom became < the master of a slicp of goods, was at ten- I tivo and fortunate, nnd acquired n snug I estate. Had he let well enough alone, he < might now have heen the head man of our town. Dut pride got tho better of prti- > donee, and persuaded him that he might i do better at New York. Ho went there, figured ns a wholesale merchant, for which 1 neither his capital nor his experience were < adequate, for three years, and then en mo I the notico in the state paper for his ere- I dilors to show cnusc, &c. Tjerek Weasel's farm joined mine. lie !/*z? ono of our best farmers, nnd under- . _a I 1?- e - ? niuou wie vaiuc 01 "come UOi/s," as well n? , any one. Good luck was mo constantly by his side, that ho considered that any , mnn might get rich who had a min<l to.? , Hut ho could not let aicll enough alone? < ho wished to no hkttkk. Ho therefore , removed to the village and opened n tnv. | crn, nnd he had the promise of the justice j courts and of tho stago custom. " Go i boys," did not improve the farm, nnd it < soon became neglected and unproductive. , By and by the courts were removed by , iuw, u?u mu-ju went 10 uic new noici, iinu j, Iho temperance era wound up tho ta^prn business. Tjerck has got back to {he farm, with habits very much altered, and ^ h.s fortune not a little impaired. Yet ?e consoles himself, that he is not hulf so ba<l off ns Joe Sledge, once our master blacksmith, afterwards n merchant, nnd now a jnufr-] M< neyninn. Joo was so famous for His ' ni edgo tools, that tho people enme to | 1)1 him froin all pnrts. lie had his jour- j 01 ncymen and his apprentices, and was .nl- j ,l ways present to ovorseu them, and to be , to seen by his customers, us ull master ine- ** chanics ought to be. Joe got rich, he- 1)1 cause ho was adapted to his business, tjnd 11 bis business adapted to him. Joe thought, ^ willi Sum Patch, that some things could ' ho done as well as others?nnd that he- tu cause every body liked biin as a black* ! t'.1 smith, tlicv must liko him ns any thing i c' else, forgetting that it was his trade, and j rtl not (lis mind nor his person, which had 01 brought him into notico. And ns mer- ,v chant was rather more respectable than . mechanic, and withal a more tidy employ- 1,1 men!, ho in fact sunk the blacksmith, and w became a dcalor 111 tuj>ea and sugars. It tl fared with Joo as it generally does with P' others who embark in now business, of 11 which they know nothing, after they have c! arrived at mature manhood. Those who had heen bred to the business, proved sue- w cessful rivals, mid the sheriff tiuully closed d his mercantile concerns, by selling the '* entire elfects of" a merchant unfortunato * in business." Joe insists to this day, that n if ho hud lei well enough alone, lie might ^ have la-en us well ulF us tho best of his , neighbors. w From the Ntu> England Farmer. " COWS AND CALVES. I have always found high feeding im- Tmediately before and immediately uflor *' calving, to bo injurious. I know this is 01 contrary to the opinions and directions expressed in all, I believe, the agricultural c< works 1 havo ever rend ; still the fact with me is ns stated. My cows always ? do better at that time, if no alteration " ?_| 1 !_ a t !_ t* J * ? *11 iiikc'h j)iagu in uieir iccu. i wo yearn ^ since I determined to give a fuir cxperi- la incnt. Two of my cows hnd calves in . tho winter ; one of the calves won well |-(i housed and well tended ; of the other, ^ which was dropped upon the snow, no care was taken, nor was the mother sheltered at nil. The latter calf was decidedly the hnttci animal, though for n day or m two it lay upon the snow, or what was fo w orse, 'slosh,' or inelted snow. Faot* are ru stubborn things, and we must yield to ? them. My feelings, I confess, wore not ~ very pleasant while the experiment was 8,1 going on ; but I thought nature was audi- ' > cient to take care ef itself: and tho op- al portunity to try the experiment was so 83 lino, that I could not let it slip. 1 did l" not expect to lose thecnlf?hut I hnd pre- '' viously noticed (hat nil my cows if left to Bl themselves, both summer and winter, 1,1 would always leave home nt calving time, j Bt and he nbscnt from one to six cinys, when hl they would come homo with tho calf nt f their side. 1 huvo never housed a cow M during my residence in the west. They nrc rcgulurly fed twice a day in winter? t0 morning and night ; nnd after being SL . lit milked in the morning are turned out of the burn ynrd, let tho wcntlicr ho as it may ? rnin, snow or sunshine. I endenvor always to have plenty of ashos nnd | M salt in the troughs in tho bnrn yard, which thev lnr> at will, nnrt mnrn ?>r Ine-a ilailu Y i- - ? - ? / i j fl. and this keeps them, I presume, in good . . health. This is a very simplo matter ; i fill a trough half full of ashes ; the cattle ; unaccustomed to ashes, will lick (lie salt ; nnd get a taste of the ashes ; they will l'' soon ho very fond of it, and will lick the l" ashes alone if no salt bo there. If your fu troughs (like mine) aro not under shelter, j" and it should rain, no matter ; the salt will m only dissolve and mix with tlio ashes. 1 cr renew the ashes only as occasion may re- J ,l( [juire, hut I salt onco a week, whether the j n' old lull ho gono or not. ^ i* Caxdlk and Oil Factory?I. vrd ! m Markht.?We learn that the large roach I as factory, belonging to the (.'union Compn- ov ay of llaltiinoro, situated on the margin th ?f the Futapsco, a little South nnd West fa r?f Kendall's, has been rented for the pur- w pose of carrying on the manufneturo of po candles and oil from laid, on a most <>v. ? tensive scute. The machinery is now | tli being put up, nnd in n short time we may ! tl? sxpuct to see tli is interesting business con- 1 ?i iliicteil in our city, under such auspices j ?p is will make Baltimore owe of the best, if pr not the very best market for lard in .Vine- A ricn. The gentlemen who huvo engnged ?u in this enterprise, lotve a very large cash ct capital, and will ho able to conduct their pi business upon the most liberal and ndvun- lx tngeoua tonus. Amcr. Far. at ? m Mode op Incrkahino tiie Growth op 1'ota. roes.?Tlio flowers being eut ofl' as they appeared I1 mi tlio plants, the number of potatoes produced ro was much greater than where the blossoms had w remained untouched. Kurly in October, the stems '1C and leaves of the plant which had not bore flowers m were strong and green ; the others yellow and in a '10 state of dacay. The plants which had been stripped of flowers produced (on the same spaco of irmnnH) nSonf fnn' i - * - ' * ''c ^ .... .?W. M.uva HIV ni l^lliUI lurjrc* |K)la. Iocs, very few sn?itll ones iKiinjf found. Those 0.1 ' which (lie (lowers and frui( were left, produced hut va a small number of middle sized potatoes with a tu ^reat number of little ones, from the size of a common filbert tu that of u ivultiui, it11 POLITICAL. EPUIILICAN OR WHIG DEPARTMENT. From the Charleston Courier. Tnic Mkrcury and Mr. Ci.tr.?Our volatile :ighbor in atlliclod with a fit of the spleen, at the jar prospect of a visit to our ancient and hospita. !c city, by " the great Statesman of the West," id seems in fear and trembling lest he should aclally receive a dcrent share of democratic hospiility, in the State that honors and is honored ? " the great Statesman of the South." We retend not to know how this may comport with to requirements and the measure of democratic mpitality, but we do know that it is little in eeping with Carolina feeling and Carolina hospiility, ever rclcbratcd for a generous wclcomo to ic distinguished stranger or the illustrious fellowtir.on froin a sister Stato. The Mercury may amiss all apprehensions as to any competition, i i the p?rt of Mr. Clay, with Mr. Calhoun, for ! >pul;tr favor in this State. In the language of | Ir. Pktigru, in his late speech, at the Clay meet- I ig in this city?"South Carolina, probably, nay, V 111j v nay, |?wiiivnjf, uum prrier ner own aisbguishcd boh to ull competitors for the highest Iacc " and in the propriety of this preference Ic handful of Whigs among as cheerfully acqui. lee, for they all allow Mr. Calhoun to bo one of |c leading and master minds of the nation, posIsscd of administrative talents of the highest or. tr, and that, if the Executive mantle should be heed on his shoulders, by the free choice of the Jncrican People, he would administer the govern!:nt to his own famo ami the good of his native antry?of our wide spreud and glorious Union, lowing these facts, Mr. Clay, if he honors us th his presence, 0:1 his journey northward, will lit us only as a private citizen, nnd we doubt t, the ungracious vaticinations of the Mercury ( the contrary notwithstanding, will receive cvojt mark of welcome and respect, due to him as an lustrious son of our common country, and worthy l*our city and her proverbial hospitality. But has the Mercury never contemplated the jut ingeney, not a very remote one, that the tricks ad jugglery of a certain northern magician may holly push its illustrious favorite for the l'rcsi. :ncy from the platform of democratic candidacy, id confine the coming issue to himself and Mr. lay f In that event, would not the Mercury iko neighborly counsel?nay take counsel from s former und its better self ? Would it not say. u;,?n;.w, ;u -- i?: ?TKII wn II gvui-iuua CliUIIIMaXIII UI ily 8, 1837, (rce editorial of Mercury of that ito) " If we cannot have a Southern State Rights' an?if John C. Calhoun, by going upon the rlorn hope of truth is (politically) dead upon the mparts?like a gallant steed fallen in front rank -borne down and trampled upon by the base rear -and can only hope for justice, fiom those who lull look upon these disjointed times, with the res of posterity. If, for a disinterestedness above id political sagacity 1/cyond the age, he is to be .crificcd a martyr to principle?at least call upon i to support same man iearthy of an enthusiastic ust. (Jive us a man of some noble traits, a hold, t ave, gallant, high-minded man* os genius, ic/lO, iough we sco his political errors, we can yet asire ourselves, can do nothing mean. Civk us fell a man, for instance, as IIe.nrv Cur. He ould hare our respect, our admiration. There something heroic in him. Not solitary chieftain rro'.Ki.i. Oh, no! but of a kind not at all related , ?!,?> a>f?>/> n* aa* i-i ?? <? ? ?nv uuiiij'* ? v nuuiu uui iiiiuw uur. Ives ii;to the arena for his support, but we would >t quarrel with the Northern Whigs for offering ;cu a man for the suffrages of the opposition.? ie tell the Northern Whigs, in: is tiik only AX ON WHOM tiikv CAN iiA li.v A COXai'ERINa ,htv, unless the |>eople come more suddenly to icir h. iisvs than we have a right to expect, and once do themselves the honor of rendering jusso to tho first man in the country" 1 Will not the Mercury bepureuaded?can it not ; coaxed then, to take counsel of itself?and, if c people?the democratic people?should con. iuc so senseless and stupid as obstinately to re. sc to " do themselves the honor of rendering stiec to the first first man, [one of tho first men ost certainly] in the country," will it not be intent with " some man worthy of an cnlhu9ias: trust?a bold, brave, high-minded man of go. us ?seen a MAN, SOU INSTANCE, AS IIk.nry clay"? nr in Rn rlmnir ttriliilil III#. ,t/*iv-in*i# ,1*1 1 ? I*.. I ?? VCIHy UCili( vp, run counter to tlic real wishes of liic great njority of tlic people of this State?for, united I titer are in the support of the claims of their en illustrious statesman to the highest office in c gift of the nation, we shrewdly suspect that, iling in this darling purpose of their hearts, they rtuld infinitely prefer and would willingly sup. >rt Teucro Duce, their great leader pointing the ay, the plough-hoy of Hanover; the mill-hoy of e slashes; the amanuensis of Chancellor Wythe; c grocer s clerk at Richmond ; " the great comoncr" of Kentucky; the trumpet tongucd inirer of the late war, and able negotiator of the csent enduring |>cacc with Great Britain; the mericun Secretary of State, managing with ronimmato ability, 11 to diplomatic relations of his >untrv, mid counselling tin: chief of u sister relblic to imitate the immortal Wahiii.noton, and i like hiin the Father of his country; the great id persuasive advocate, taking captive the judg. cnl9 nnd the hearts of jurymen?the patriot ulcsmun, electrifying the Senate with his cln. lencc, and wielding a |>otcnt influence over the )iincil9 and tho destinies of the country, over liich he may sliorlly he culled to preside in repub. :an snprcntaey?yes, they would prefer " such a an" to the cnimintr Marriciau of tlm ?ti.? lished and the udroit Van Kuren?skilled in the nnagement of the cups and balls, and in the prac. :u of every other art and triek of political lcgormain, for tho undermining and overthrow of his is cautious and more open adversary, and the ele. lion and consolidation of his own political for. lie. Iii reference of the flings of the Mercury at onr liiihlc rtlf, tiny n;c matters of .'mall monunt. Suffice it to say, it has much magnified, in its own Mercurial fashion, our hannlesa pleasantries,.per. pet rated, rather in mirth than malice, against its great leader, in by-gono days, when our preference was for service under another chieftain. But distasteful as our lampoons and jests may have been to the delicate palate of Jove's winged mcsscn. gcr, we arc sure Jove himself regarded them, if not with complacency, at least as fair hits in tho rough game of politics. We are sure, too, we never descended to abuse of Mr. Calhoun, in tho very fiercest mood of our parly warfare?nor ever gave him such sweet morsels to roll under his tongue, ns the following, applied by tho Mercury to Mr. Van Burcti, (whom it has since lauded and supported for the Presidency, and is now ready to i revile again, if thwarted by him in its favorite purpose), on the 30th August, 1837: " Martin Van Buren'is the spawn of Jackson's tyranny?the successor to Jackson's usurpation? | the fabric of ' the simple machine' into which the I hero retrenched tho govcrnmonl"??" brought . into power on the servile shoulders of the subservient democracy, and unworthy the nupport, therefore, of any freeman." !!! DEMOCRATIC OR IXJCO FOCO DEPARTMENT. PUBLIC OPINION RIGHTING IN RKOARD TO J THE BLESSING OF PATCH MONEY BANKING. ! Tho nnnnxnd article, from the New ' York Herald's money writer, puis in a ! strong light the main point which in pro. i ducing such a change in the mind of tho people in regard to tho paper-issuing banks. It is not only the fraud and ruin growing out of the expansions, specula, tions, contraction*, and depreciations, which belong to the banks of paper, hut the oppression of the tax which wears down (ho productive industry of the nn- 1 lion, to support the drones who hivo in hanks. This is the mischief which is incurable* Wo do not object to men who hnve amassed surplus capital investing it it in loans, and establishing banking partnerships for tho purpose. Tho alnise grows out of tho privilege by which men who hnve no capital, make it out of paper, and of those who have, doubling it in the same way ; and then taxing the community to pny interest on their promises to p:iy me unnK mitigations issued as currency, which they nre not able to pnv. (Jrlobc. From the New York Herald. The greut revolution which has ticcn going on for n few years in bnnking, will produce the most beneficial efil ets on the industrious classes. The country has been impoverished and swindled to an almost inconceivable extent, by a small class of bnnkcrs, under the pretence ol facilitating trade. The once wealthy State of Virginia has been impoverished j by this villanous system. In bringing ! together figures, the results are absolutely i astonishing, even to those who nre in some degree prepared for it. We will look at the actual slate of affairs in Vir. ginia. The following is a list of five hanks, with thoir capitals, and that of (liuir branches, also the total numticr of stockholders. HANK CAPITAL OF VIRGINIA AND THE MMME It OF STOCKHOLDERS. Stock. Stockholders holders in Vir- out of Capital, ginia. Virg. Total. Bank of Virginia $3,1)42,000 609 33 701 Farmers' Bank 2,653,650 582 28 610 Bank of the Valley 1,076,100 137 29 266 v Hinir onn w ?a i k? Mcrch'ts &. Mt-ch's 516, ">(10 111 43 153 J ((<,635,430 1,551 223 1,773 In these 1,773 people, of whom 222 arc foreign to the State, has been vested by law the solo privilege of furnishing f the people of Virginia (whoso population, | in 1830, was 1,211,403; and, in 1840, j 1,239,71)7?showing scarcely any in. j crease) with a paper currency. In the . last ten years, then, 1,703 people have reccived of the proceeds of the industry of ! the remaining 1,238,034, 87,000,000 in j dividends, of which 8912,000 has lamn [ sent out of the State. This sum has been i iinwl fi?r llip nriviloon nf iwinir n.>n? I I 1 6" '"""b |? i|?ui promises as currency, instead of the constitutional currency of gold and silvct.? The operation will he made more clear by taking the largest bank separately? the Bank of Virginia. That concern went into opuralion in 1805; and during the time since elapsed (heing thirty.sev. en venrs) has actually divided and paid among 704 individuals, according to its ' own sworn returns, $17,179,080. This sum was paid by Virginians, in the pro. coeds of their labor, for the privilege of using an annual avcrago of $8'^9,100 tif the paper promises of the associated <u-i persons, us a currency. In the yei r 1818, tlie circulation of (lie brink was $1,030,080, a nil (he Richmond office paid u dividend of 23 per cent, fn 1821, the circulation f II to $114,470, and the | Kichinond otlico paid hut 5 per cent, in I 1837, the circulation ngnin reached $1,. ; 197,000, and ngaiu the hank paid 20 per cent, dividend. What an ah< tninahlc swindle is this! If the hank had never existen, and the people, instead of giving $17,170,000 to the hankers lor nothing, [ 11nil Kneritf5,0d0,tl?0 Co* I would now luiv? lYrtd * *nira and not only been *1IWMM in hard cash, (cqunj U Uifc.rb1.^ of tobacco.) hut wpuld havo lasseH that liava prawn opt of%, *M\VMU/i ual fluctuations of t|l? hook* ria.dv/ fcpB ? No v, wltilo people submit tn(tM?dp?n mcn? taxation for the henof?t of ,? hdMs fill of indvidunl*t they ntfu?? to pfWtMNl! debts contracted by the the Inx, though ?raall in cotnpartaani loviod inn direct manner. Thbi'icuserje marked in the case Tnke the case of the Ut?itot''<?* ?? I Bank. The number dfrtWfckH&hfctfcfkrtltl as follows : ' ' '" ** In Philadelphia, l.?*? Elsewhere in Htc United States 1,052 In Europe ' or mi 1,390 Total ' "' ? 4,523 | > I W:. Sy The capital of this bnhk wrtt $35,Q0t>, 000, and the profits in 20 'yenrs hi' | its existence amounted (b ffO.OOO.bOO1 ! whereof thirty per cent, pt was sent from Europe, and 40 per Vfeht. or $29,000,000 paid out of PonrisylVJilrtfa ?making $49,000,000 paid VtlUfotniTO l>y the people who were iltcnitlng' hbwn? I nns to the 4,523 persons \vfiO reoeived , this enormous amount of mortoy' iWrnt | them, ns if they imparted softtd grist blessing by so doing. vania was on the point of failure fot Wtfwtf $900,000 to pay her interest. Thel^i^ islaturo on the 11th June liriwtf a MX im personal property, estimatdil'to yield on# | million dollars. In Jan lift ry, 1341V ^ Governor, in his mesftige, athlcd thPt1 none of the tax Imd been qblleeted/ Mntf that tho countv officers lind tiirken 'AM steps in the matter. This waif-betttuW taxation was unpopular. fn tfite mes*s.ijjri of January, 1842, the profcridils' klf inw tax arc stated at 8?3,000i irtsttnxt of tttttt' million. Now, why are dispeople ttfllifc? lo giro eighty million dollar* tA people, for the use of th*irfctff*3vfttid Wirt not pny one million dollato-lot^ % of the State 1 It is beeafew thrfitobbeil**? of tho banks have left thchfrtf itfiout' Wie! means. ' 4V*1 I oi/W si *iil> 'll .. -r-? -.to I .jiom ?,flT " vn>j58rt*?H>u. wi THE KXCOUHAOKHRIfl' OF MAXUFAC*'TURKS. A Pennsylvania papwr, u'fth hcmence declares itself friendly ttt{,HW?' encouragement of manufactures, also are in favor of the eneeurageMebttif manufactures, as warmly, ns voheinOrttlu* ns tho Pennsylvania journalist. niliWa should be glad to see all tho neceeoMHM and comfoils-of life,, which come ytithiifc the denomination of manufacture*, pr(^ duccd in still greater abundance, of. * belter quality, and nt a cheaper rate ttinn they now arc. But how is this to be el'? fee ted 7 Oafj Tho answer is obvious. ' It is to bo effected by opening the markets to tmiraio sal competition, nnd buying of:him eh?? brings articles of tile best quality nod most reasonable price. Thus you encourage manufactures ; you reward the industry and the ingenuity of him who, whatever bo his country, makes the grcntqst cont^ibution to the wants and the comfeft of mankind, for the smallest compensation. You ensure the production of the grcntbkt amount of wealth with the least labor. 1 On the other hnnd, if yon exclude from the markets the most skilful competitors who offer you the productions of their in* duslry ? ?|)0 lowest cost, wliicii in the efIbcl of high duties, you discourngo raanu^ facturos. You repulse Iho most successful artisan ; you impose n penalty on hi** skill, or upon those advantages of hi* situation, which enable liim to furnish what you want on better terms than others,-** If you persist in this policy, you must oxy peel to find your manufactured' urtitleai deur in price and inferior in quntify. ' We have an cxnmploof this liefurt rtUr eyes. The manufacture of silk, In R?gland, as long ns il win protected1 ngahuft foreign competition, never flourished. While British artisans l>n?l the mn?<frfy of tho British market, they F**? their customers fabrics which were scandatoow. ly and disgracefully inferior to the stllM of other countries. At length the monopo* ly was token off, and the silk inarvnfitettrre immediately took a new face ; ite trtisnns began to exert their ingenuity^ end its fabrics, under the right sort of endow* ngemcnt, competition front ell aides, be* mine excellent. We quote tho following account of tho matter from a lute English paper lying before ns j " Tho demise of tho silk monopoly, Iifl??r nn ilLoi?*.??t ! !?. - e , ?** - 111 i?u yi'ors, if in I ho recollection of most of us, for it is an uflairof 1(5 your* buck. Under tHo'rrb* atrictivo system tho silk of England wna the worst nml tho dearest in the world, and a dUgrncj to (lie indit-dry of tho coontry of cloth, cotton nml hardware. It is now, under freedom, tho grcfttost silk manufacture of Kurorts, and, with the exccplion of a few fancy articles, its fabric* are tho best in f|unlrty. Under the mo. nop'tlv, wo consumed toss than two millions mid a l?.It- ?>r ?:~L* * ' _ ni IMU raw material. Under freedom, we contiiiiiiu twice thi* quantity. Under tho first, we exported about h hundred em1 lifiy thousand pounds wufiit to colonics