Farmers' gazette, and Cheraw advertiser. (Cheraw, S.C.) 1839-1843, January 24, 1843, Page 42, Image 6
1. ...J .. <M
OREGON TERRITORY. .o
From the National Intelligencer. I ci
an" ai.yms OF senate rKOCKKDINUB. ! I
Moxday, January 1), 18 12. '
After n variety of slighter matter*, tlie detail of ' p
Which will lie found in another column, the Sen- j a
ate returned to the bill providing for the occupa- 1 tl
turn of the Oregon Territory ; upon which a do- : r<
bate of Mime interest and importance ensued, j /
opened by the Senator who had desired the delay ti
of the bill that he might have time to examine its ; s
provisions. o
Mr. Calhoun was glad (ho said) to learn from . c
lie Senator reporting it that the bill wus not
designed to contravene our conventions with ft
Great Britain. He had now taken time carefully p
to comparo it with our subsisting engagements to ^ u
titui power; ana tlic result oi ins scrutiny was, t
that there was 011c provision in it which would ' t
completely violate those engagements. I t
The Senator proceeded to give, with his usual ' ji
power of analysis, a summary of the ullcdgcd ' t
rights of both parties to the territory, and of the j c
manner in which those rights arc claimed to have ' e
arisen. Our claim embraces the coast of the j \
Pacific from latitude 51 dg. -10 min. to 42 dg.; 1
and has three several grounds : r
1st. That of the priority of discovery by Cap- j i
tain Gray, of Boston, in 1783, of the mouth of ! f
the Columbia, trorn this, according to the uni. ; 1
versal rule among civilized natir;1(>( loHows t|,c ! ,
right to the country watered by such river to its , 1
sources. This discovery was afterwards more I
completely explored by the expedition under the ' i
command of Captains Lewis and Clarke. j I
2d. Tho cession by Spain of all her rights of j ,
territory north of the 42d parallel of latitude. j '
3d. Tile l'rcnch claim, to which we succeeded, i I
On the other hand, Britain seta up her title to ! |
the same territory on Iho following grounds : j :
1 st. That they can plead priority of discovery |
by Moors, sailing under Vancouver.
2d. That, by the convention of Nootka Sound .
in 1790, Spain yielded to Great Britain free mid , i
open access, trade and settlement to British sub. i i
jects, in common with her own, upon this coast. I i
3d. They claim also the French rights, ceded |
to Spain in 1S03 by treaty between those two na- <
tiona. | i
These were respectively the grounds of claim. ! <
Now, as to the nature of the claims themselves, s
there was a difference. (Jrcat Britain alleged only
a right of equal admittance of her citizens for all j 1
purposes of settlement, trade, or hunting; while (
we asserted a title to complete and exclusive pos- | (
session. I i
Siacc this conflict of titles began, various elForts i 1
by negotiation have been made amicably to adjust 1
our rights. They terminated, on our part, in an c
offer of fixing, as a compromise, the parallel of
it) dg. as the limit between us on that coast ; and :
they oa their part, offered to claim nothing south
of the mouth of the Columbia, which is in about
latitude 46 dg.
This last attempt failing, both sides withdrew
the propositions which they had made, and left
their rights as before.
in ldl7,by a fresh ncgociution, it was settled
that our rC6[*.ctivc claims should for ton years remain
on the ground pn which the treaty of Nootka .
Sound placed Britain and Spain witli regard to
the same territory ; that is, common enjoyment of
it for purposes of trade and hunting, or settlement
for those purposes.
In 1827 a fresh attempt, conducted by Mr. i
Gallatin, was made to adjust this conflict of
claims. It was again ineffectual, and the parties
returned, us a temporary arrangement, to the convention
of 1817, yielding cao.h other possession in
common, with liberty to renounce the arrangement
on either part upon a year's notice.
It thus appears that Great Britain makes 110
claim to the right of colonizing, und that we, by
the convention, havo prohibited oursrlvi s from
taking exclusive possession or jurisdiction.
Such being either the original rights of the parties,
or the footing upon which, by treaty, they
had consented to have tliciu stand, tlje Senator
must (lie said) hold that this bill violates (lie treaty
of 1827, by conferring u|>on our citizens fixed pos.
session in grants of land. We do not, it is true,
at once confer it, but we bind ourselves to do so.
I'utting them in possession with this pledge 011 our
part, we in reality take fixed possesion ourselves.
It is a errant forming a complete reality as to our
assuming posscosion. The grunt of lands is the
highest and complctcst act of possession which a
sovereign can perform.
But since the claim which we set tip extends
notliward to latitude 51 dg., and since, hy this act,
we limit the settlers whom we invite only by our
own alleged territory, it follows that you, by this
hill, take |K>e?<ssion up to the extreme northern
extent of your supposed claim : so that you exclude
tGrcat Kritain, by this act, from the whole i
territory in debate with that (Government. To j j
this full extent, the bill is a complete taking of i i
possession. j i
Now if, on the other hand, you scrutinize the ' i
British acta, you will find that they have nothing ;
of equal extent or force. Their act of Parliament I
is not to take possession of the country, or grant |
its noil, hut to extend to British subject* there the j i
jurisdiction of their laws. jt
Mr. Calhoun, therefore, went on to contend
that we should violate the subsisting convention, 1 L
if, without giving the ycut's notice, to which it t!
hinds ut, we should put in force an act like tli.H. . li
He went on to insist upon the formidable issue to ! It
which such a course must bring us with a nation eve- ; tl
ry where dangerous to encounter, and more than a e
match for uh ou this distant coast, aceissible to v
our arms only l>y a land-march across the conti- lr
ncnt, while she can command it, not only from li
tliose Asiatic possessions where she has of late gi
been so successful, but with her liodics of Canadi- lo
n voyagers, themselves hardy and dangerous, but hi
wielding an unbounded influence over all the In- c>
dian races of tho northwest. With these to cut si
s?tf our eommunieatiens in the rear, the ditliculties hi
of any hostile cfTort overland would be to the hut ci
degree formidable. |?r
lie would, then pursue a jnster and surer policy: , th
not rush into a contest of which the event could j \v
scarcely be auspicious; hut leave to time and the ' lis
rapid march of our settlements the peaceful hut '
e.ertain enforcement of our rights. lx:ave the thing , to
to its own natural season, and, by.and.by, you h<
may us easily as one plucks a ripe peach gathe r w
what now it would he hardlv possible to tear 01
nway. I,ct us (said the Senator) recall a little v.
the vast and rapid sweep of that population which sr
we carry on, and you will sec whet her there is any ju
extravagance in that on which I insist. Remcm | l>l
ber that eighteen years ago Mr. Monror recoin- | tl
mended to cotonire the Indian tri'ues between the (
Ohio and Mississippi, where now is your Territory , ii
*?y*"1 1U-MW" II I LMMUII I? ;
f Wisconsin, fertile, cultivate*), and populous
nough speed.I) to add anotlier State to tire
Iiiion.
He could no), from sucli a step us this, but up.
rchctid a breach with Great Urituiu. We should,
t least, weigh the mutter, in all its forms, with
lie utmost deliberation. lie thought it should be
I'ferrcd to the Committee on Foreign Relations,
is to every thing else but the provision in qucs.
ion, lie looked on the bdl most favorably ; and
|?oke with a complete resolution to maintain all
ur rights over the territory, which could be exeriscd
in conformity with the treaty.
Mr. Hinn said that the Senator had, with great
urce and truth, compared the mighty tluw of
opulatioa westward to the rolling in of a great
nd wide stream, llut he should rcmcinlicr that
lie policy of the Government itself has of late, in
he disposition made of manv of the crrenter Indian
ribcs, raised up artificial barriers, wliicli have at
i risen I stopped that natural spread of population.
)n the South and the Southwest it lias reached
>ur limits. This outlet of the West must be openid,
or it will break across the liounds within which
vc have pledged ourselves that the expatriated
Indian tribes shall dwell securely. The Oregon
cgion must be opened to the adventurous and
nigratory spirit of our people, or the collected
lood must soon burst ovy, and sweep away the
Indian, to w limit we have pledged ourselves an
jndisturbed refuge in the home to which we have,
so humane a policy, transplanted bin).
The Senator regards this bill as going new and
langerous lengths. Yet the bills introduced with
the same object, long since, under Mr. Monroe and
Mr. Adams, by Gen. Floyd, were far stronger.?
They provided for the erecting forts and custom,
houses. As for that formidable and perpetual impediment,
the treaty, it existed then just as much
us now.
Adverting then to the English c lain if, as founded
on alleged discovery, .Mr. Linn treated the
pretended visit of Menrs and others to the mouth
of the Columbia as altogether preposterous. The
narrative itself, which describes a region bound uji
in ribs of ice in the month of June, malus it im.
x>86ible for any one now to believe that M ears'?
visit was to the Columbia?a coast never witness,
ng such regions of cold, even in mid.winter, and
mjoying a soft temperature even in the curliir
p-ing.
But, in truth, this whole British claim is recent,
it was never heard of as against the discovery of
Japt. Gray or the explorations of Iawis and
,'larkc. As late as 181:2, the question of our ?!is.
:ovcry was minutely examined in one of the
eadiitg British authorities on such questions, the
Edinburgh Review, and our claim admitted as in.
ran travel liblc.
As to what England may urge of the Nootka
Sound treaty with Spain, it issntUcieut to say that
any such claim must have fallen with that treaty
itscl", temporary in its character, and speedily
dissolved by the war which cccurred between the
two countries soon after. Our right he placed on
the strong and certain ground of discovery.
The Senator from South Carolina had urged
that we should, lirstof all, give the twelve mouths1
notice of our renunciation of the treaty, lie could
only answer that lie himself h id repeatedly urged
that eoursc in former years, hut always in vain.?
lie had ever been met with the answer: " This is
not the proper time?wait." Meanwhile the ad
verse English possession was going on, fortifying,
from year to year, the British claim and the Ilritisli
resources to make it good. Two successive
Presidenls had encouraged the hold and well-arranged
scheme of Astor to fortify and to colonize.
But we suffered him to he dispossessed, and the
nuclous of empire, which his establishment?
would have formed, to pass into the hands
of tho Hudson B ly Company, now the great in.
strumcnt of all the British scheme of possession.
The Senator insists that, by tiie treaty, there
should be a joint possession. Lie it so, if he will:
hut where is our part of this joint possession ? In
what does it consist or has it consisted ? We have
no post there, no agent, nobody to protect traders
?nay, in truth, no traders : for they are butchered
us soon as they appear there, cither by the British
agents, or those savages whom they can always
make the instruments of such systematic massacre
of adventurous rivals. Of the extent of these
murders, or of the regularity with which they were
employed, the Senator had prohahly but little no.
tion. lie could assure him that, before the year
lesxJD, there had perished in this way, as was well
ascertained, full live hundred men, and the yearly
slaughter has gone on ever since.
But what has ever been the history of your
peopling of these distant regions, always to he ilis.
puted with something which this Government
shrinks from encountering ! You have never
failed to turn your hack upon every such hardy
enterprise. The very navigation of the Mississippi,
for forty years, would have been yielded to
Great Britain but that it required the assent of
nine .States to bring it into the validity of a treaty.
Six Kastcrn States were ready to abandon it for
tn intirest the most wretchedly disproportionate.
If that mighty access to a new and greater cm.
lire of the Wist has been prcturvcd to you. it is
n spite of your Mipiiuness, in spile of your timidi.
y, in spite of your iui|>olicy.
As for me (said .Mr. I?.) I desire in this irresisti.
Jo advance of our popuiution, destined In carry to
lie very verge cf the continent the bene It's of our
roe laws, to march with every public right in the
;ad, while we carry to those regions of barbarism
ic iiihic and the plough-share. And I would
ven in these great pnrjiosts-, halt rut her than to
iolatc our national f.utli solemnly pledged in a
caty. Jtut I tell the Senator that we cannot
ins rigidly adhere to what our rival so little re.
arris. That Senator dor s not Know, or has over,
okt d, the progress \\ liieh British possession lias
en lor twenty years making against us, under
?ver of the Hudson Hay Company, the irresjmn.
Iile instrument o. Hritish |?ower in that rpiarter,
, means of which we ami this treaty are steadily
renin vent) a). There, as hi the Jvist, Britain
r pares her way t" iinclieekcd ilominioii through
ic stealthy advance of these trailing compallies,
Inch so utter tin* wi lls that an to spring up into a
irvest of powrr for hrr.
Finally, ho insisted that the hill i.'mn not attempt
dispossi sh (J ri-at Uritiin of any thing she now
?lds. It does not define our territory, 'l'iiat
o have some there is certain, ('an she object to
ir settling south of the t'oliiinbi.i on a territory to
Inch, with all her facility of claiming, she has
t up no title ' She herself has extended Iter
irisdiction over Oregon, built forts, set ii|> ?sta.fcliinciits,
willed lartiis. \\ hy cannot tve do
i?* same ?
Mr. Choatc rope next Ifr r< t out ,vitli express. ;
ig !iif ivgr-.t ut turning li.... .! M;?*
tin; Senator from South Carolina, to oppose the i
' provision in the lull for fixed grants of land, in t
| all other particulars, he was was warmly in favor i
; of the hill, lie went on to cite the words of our ?
convention with Great Britain in ltfld, which
stipulated that " any country west of the Stony i
1 (Rocky) Mountains shall he free to both nations." <
Neither Government was, as a Government, to i
do any thing to divest the citizens of the other of '
the enjoyment of the common freedom of that t
country. Certainly if wandering subjects of cither
1 made, at their own risk, establishments there, t
j neither was called on to interfere. But we, by I
i this hill, do an uct to hinder some part of this tract I
from being uny longer open, except to our own i
' people. We take and urc to maintain exclusive
posse ssion, guarantying to settlers, uftcr five years' t
[ residence, a fee simple of the lands they may oc- }
i cupy.
Mr. C. here entered into a minute view of one I
j interpretation of the treaty, which might at first i
: have seemed possible?that either Government
j was to he at liberty to invite colonization. As,
however, no such view was advanced on the other
side as warranting our measures of occupation,
and as Mr. C. certainly showed how little any
sucli purpose could have entered into the treaty,
I or was practicable in itself, we need not follow
j his very skilful and elaborate argument on that
, point.
j He went on to urge that there had been no ap.
I propriation of territory until 1632, the country be)
ing freely used, on both parts only us a hunting'
ground; that the language of our own envoys,
; Messrs. Gallatin and Rush, inado it clear that
j they regarded ull occupation of the country for
J any purpose more fixed, as prohibited by the conl
vention ; that Rnglaiul has been equally guarded
in the sort of poss-.ssion which she allow ed her j
I subjects to derive? from her, limiting her licenses !
' to them, always to the right of hunting, and guard. |
I ing even in such licenses against all exclusion of '
our citizens.
i The Senator from South Carolina was there- i
i fore right; our legislation vif we pasH such a bill
. i as this) will not compare, injustice and faith, with ' '
> , that of Great Urituiu. I i
I.et us then build forts : that is nortnilird liv :
j our engagements; and as England sends her ju- <
nsdiction thither to Iter citizens, let us send ours i
j to our own.
! Mr. Linn answered briefly that the gentleman
was but reviving against land.grants, the very arI
guincnts used in 1821 against what he was now 1
' willing to admit, the erection ol' torts. Hut lite 1
j Hritish (Government, us a (Government, has never 1
built a fort tin re. Will it not object to our doing
j it ? :
j Mr. L. then gave vent to something of that in- 1
dignation with which he often sjteaks of the over,
bearing and grasping spirit of England, and the <
omnipotence and ubiquity of that little island. I'or 1 |
his pait, he did not intend to submit our rights en- j
; J tirely to the view which she might, in Iter policy,
1 take of them, lie did not intend to slop to eon.
1 sidcr " what .Mrs. (Grundy thinks." lie would <
I go us far as (heat iirilaiii herself went, and then
' a little fat titer.
I i At this innincnt site is doing, through iter Hud- 1
I i son Hay Company, all that you wish not to do. j
, fcjhc is there employing the same policy and the 1
i same mechanism, of a great trading company, hv j1
. 1 means of which site made Iter way to the domiii,
j ion of all India. She lias already practically
; taken possession of all Flte ever claimed of us,
I southward to the mouth of tho Columbia. Ilcr
j agents here have directly avowed that she could
i not give up the establishments which site lias al.
lowed Iter people to form there. Ilcr later mca.
euros, however, are still nioro decisive of her p?>li.
: cv. A branch of her Hudson llav Company lias.
! within a lew years, ' een established in the tcrrito1
ry for farming purposes?a settlement already so
flourishing as to liavc entered into large contracts
: for supplying the Russian possessions with lumber,
taller, and sueli produce. Here is her fixed point, J
! from which she is to work the lever of her looser j
; ' population, spreading itself out over your whole '
territory, and reaching to the very borders of vour
; .Slates themselves.
Mr. Me Roberts considered the provision to
which the Senators objected as a capital feature
of the bill. Citizens could not lie carried to the
country without the inducements there held out.
Hut the Senators from South Carolina and Mas.
! sachusctts have considered Croat liritain as oiler- 1
i .
I j ing us, in her conduct, an example of scrupulous
i forbearance to do any thing in contravention of j
j the subsisting treaty. Now, let the Senators con- '
suit the correspondence of Mr. lluskisson, and |
' they will there find that he pljuily says that
Croat Britain has authorised the settlements which i
| have been made, the posts which have been csta- I ,
blished, and that botli will be protected.
The Senator proceeded to aruue. with much !
. force, th:?t since the formation of the convention I
in which this territory was looked on as a common j
hunting.ground, an entirely different state of!
tilings had, by our long supincncss, come about.? '
It was a hunting.ground no longer. The game !
' former!}- pursued there for the sakr. of its furs has ' (
heen, by dcgrrcs, almost exterminated; and its, ,
chase no long< r warrants the scttlcnu nts original. J
' ly made for that purpose. Another mode of occu. j
J pan'y, with oilier objects, and looking to etationa. ' |
ry employments, has gradually ronic about. The ' ,
possess on now maintained by the English is ob. j
viously of a fixed character, because its purposes ' j
arc* no longer hunting and fishing, as of old. when I ,
1 i '
the convention was made. If they now occupy ' |
it, it cannot he for the. purposes of the chase, for v
11 io plain reason that lite ch.isc there lias ceased , ij
to ho vjlinblo. Vet tlioir settlements arc prow j
ing, iu*t in proportion an the clusc of the fur am- |
inuls declines.
The Senator from South Carolina line given a i
brief view of the several modes of claim alleged
| by ourselves and (treat Hritain in regard to tins |
j territory. Hut let him look, not to the vague al- |
legations of right, hut to such claims as can he j
| sustained in tin; in tit u 11 scrutiny of a negotiation, j
| Now, as to the rights which Hritain derives from | ^
Spain, Mr. Iluskisson writes, in 182<i, in the negotiation
with Mr. Adams, "Tito rights of H.itain
| in that quarter are defined hy the treaty of li'JII j
' with Spain;" and llicy embrace (ho further says j ^
i *' i.iiofi' llaitirr I v 111' r IWlftll hi fill* Iil.ifN A r )(* t * I r > 11-11 In
* " * V - I 1 .? | ,,
1 Spain iii ll1"".!.' Now, it in perfectly certain thai,
at the lime in question, Spain hail neenpied no j
i point south of Nootka Sound; which in lull three
hiiridrcil miles north of the mouth of the ('oluni. i
v
i I ]
Nor war if difficult to show that her claim of '
discovery was equally untenable. Who, ii|io> that
point, can l>i: a more decisive witness than Van.
| eouvi r himsi II the commander whose subordinate,
\[, claimed :ir the dis-vivetcr. Vancouver, ,l
IUIWIHI IIMWUMWMBMJj IISI1 ?Ij l llll I I I IJ
n his Journal, in 179:1, distinctly admits Cap. i
uin CJray to have made the prior discovery of Uio j
noutli of the Columbia, which he himself had for j
ionic time completely discredited.
Kcciting. then, the words ol the convention, 1
Mr. Mcll. proceeded to nrgue that they would gjvc
Jreut Britain no reason to complain so long as
icithcr party attempted to dispossess the other.?
N'o man would be able, under this bill, to go upon
lie farm of u British citizen and appropriate it. j
In truth, Creat Britain has for ten years done
ill that you now propose to do. Hitherto we
lave slept over our rights, while she has been vigi- |
ant aud active. Let notice now be given that we
enounce the convention of lttlti. It will be a
nil twelvemonth bctorc our citizens can get tliitli.
r : the Lxcculivc will of course in the interval
jivu the proper notice to Croat Britain,
But, in reality, this bill will embrace every inlabitant
of the country, whether British or Amcrcan.
It can therefore dispossess nobody. IS'or,
in the other hand, do titles arise under it before ]
.he expiration of live years.
Ah to the enormous display of strength, which
we are told that she will malic in that quarter, 1
?cc no probability of any such gigantic ctlbrt.?
Two facts render it most unlikely : in the first
place, there is little or nothing there to tight for ;
and in the second, wo shall have nobody there for
her to fight.
Mr. Henderson, of Mississippi, succeeded Mr.
Mcltobcrts, in a short but exceedingly well.argued
speech, principally oil the question of mutual po*.
session and rights under the convention.
lis >1...... I lit.I lit., t.ol /? ' i I..... t llrlluin
Lending Iter jurisdiction over tlic country was a
real and practical taking of possession.
Mr. Choatc here interposed. Ureal Britain but
put in practice by her law Iter rights over her own
citizens, and assumed nothing else.
Mr. Henderson resumed. Suppose, then, a ease
where one of our citizens commits an assault on a
British inhabitant, will he not be. seized and tried
before a British magistrate? ("an you doubt it ?
No, her act of extending her jurisdiction over her
cm n subjects must either imply the absence of any
such legal equality 011 our part?in which ease
she lakes legal control and jurisdiction over our
citizens?or else it implies that wo too have tribunals
there, asserting our rights of jurisdiction;
which latter state, of things is at once a conflict of
jurisdictions, incapable of being reconciled, l'orls
we might exclusively occupy ; but it would be lieccssary
to beware of going out of them ? for who.
ever stepped abroad might fall within British jurisdiction
or encounter a British suhjeet.
It was clear that the convention looked to no
such state of things, and provided only for a free
trade of both parties to the territory. The acts of
the Hudson Bay Company must too, be held those
of the British Covenumlit. Its possession is her
possession. Her setting up a legal jurisdiction im.
plies that she takes possession of the country unless
we do the same. Un our taking that step, a con.
diet of jurisdiction ensues, which must at once
compel the adjustment of our linul claims of right.
She has asserted her right by these steps of possession.
We must do the same; and, by this hill,
we arc going no faster than she.
Mr. Bayard here proposed a modified provision
.is to grants of laud. But, before any fuillicr pro.
cccding, the Senate adjourned.
f . . ........ ... ..j
TK X AS.
Mew .lull 1
By tlic steamer Now York, Capt.
Wright, 31 hours from Galveston arrivud
yesterday, we have dates to the blh inst.
The commercial treaty concluded hy Maj.
Keilly with our Government has been rutiliad
hy the Texas Senate, and is, so far
us the Republic is concerned, the law of
the land- This is an important treaty tor
Texas, and promises good to llio merchants
and shippers of this city, it uilows
(as we stated several weeks ago,) the introduction
of Texas cotton into the Uni
ted States free ol duly. We shall therefore
ship n large portion of the crop ol
Texas, and furnish Us planteis abundantly
with the ordinary latin supplies.
William Bryan, Ksq., has been confirm,
ed by the Senate as Texiun Consul at
this port. Texas lSxelu-quer Bills are
daily rising in vulue, as they are coming
in veiy fast at the dillerent custom houses
and land others. Mr. Borden, the Collector
at Galveston, carried to Washington
lately, 8:20,OSJl) of them, leaving only
$0,000 outstanding.
(?. W. Terrell, lisq., Attorney-General
for the Republic, has written out a loii"
arid lucid opinion upon the validity of I lie
Cherokee Land Titles. He concludes
lliut none of (lie locations made upon tiio
lands occupied by t ic Cherokee Indians
subsequent to tiic date of the guarantee
innde by the Consultation to llio Indians
in 180"), are valid and legal ; and cun-f.
piently that none made since that date
ire legally exempt from survey and sale
inder the act of Congress of February
lb 10.
Much doubt still exists in relation to the
ocation of the seat of Government. It
nay ho regarded as certain, however,
hiit the Government wdl not return to
lustm during the present year. The geloral
opinion among the people seems to
ie, (hat it Mill he locatid temporarily
ithvr at Washington, San Felipe, or some
loint hot ween the two places.
Den. Souicrvillo, Willi an army oi boo
noii, captured tiiu Mexican town ol Do- .
cilo on tlio bill December. Tho lew
Mexican troops who occupied the place,
mile a hasty retreat witlioul firing a gun.
leliig notified of this, tiic aimy sent a
Messenger to (lie Alcade to make rcipiisilous
lor necessaries, which were prompt,
y fiirnishcd. Alter Inking the town, a
ew of the troops crossed the Kio Grande,
ilid planted the haiiner ol the .Single Stur
mi the West bank.
It is further stated, that ahout 000 ?f
lie troops crossed the river on the l'Jih,
ind took the line of match for (ineirero,
i Don I 70 miles Iroui Loredo : tfio balance, i
10, returned iiouie. limn Guerrero, it
s presumed they will proceed rapidly on
irard and lake* .Micr, Couiargo, and Itliiioso.
I?y which tunc il is to ho hoped i
lia( reinforcements w II join ihcni to on- ,
ourngn a descent oil .Malamoian.
Il is reported lli.it the Apache Indians
re committing fiesh Hepnnations in Chi* |
v
y , *w
| huahun, nnd thought (lint noarly all the;
Mexican troops under Woll have been
ordered there to drive them hnck. It is ;
even rumored that Texas has a secret
agent among these Indians to control
tin ir operations, and that the object of the
various tribes gathered together at the
Waco village, is to enter into treaties with
the Government, defensive and offensive,
! against Mexico. If this prove true, the i
army will have to encounter little opposi.
lion in capturing all the towns and villa|
ges between Loredo and Matamoras, ifj
they inarch with proper speed.
(treat numbers of runaway negroes
from Texas, Arkansas, and Louisiana, j
I have escaped to the bordering States of
I Mexico; nod if the invading army be j
i promptly reinforced, much valuable pro- i
I perty ot this kind will be recovered.? '
W ere the sutiVrers alone to unite and :
! speed to the rescue, a considerable force
would thereby be marshalled into service.
It is ruiunicd that the President will re- ,
commend to (Jongross tho passage of a I
' liill providing for ihu sale of nil tbo ves'
v/-1W* ,.r W-ir !k 11 r I llkitlif Biilliirl'ilnlMii
! ""V """6 I'I'VKHMMI'jj ,
lo (lie Navy,
i The Texas Times says:?"We fear
' that wo shall he reluctantly compelled to
believe the rumors of his co-operation with !
Mexico."
i The steamer Mushing has returned
! from the Upper Brazos to Vtlnsco with a !
cargo of 250 hales cotton ?At <ialvcston,
| the ship Khro had arrived in G2 days from i
) Havre, Franco, with 117 emigrants. An j
, other vessel from the same place, which j
| left previously, was expected every day. j
| Two others were up there for that port J
j when the Elno left. Moiis. Castro will .
j despatch a vessel each month during the
| season with emigrants. His colony is ;
j to be located in Bexar county.
i II I .1.1 ? |T
j I'OUCHii.X.
j SKV F.N DAYS I. AT Kit I ItOM KXGl.AXD.
By the arrival of the packet.ship (Jar- !
! rick nt New York, intelligence has been J
'received to the 15th December. '1 lie ;
news is however of little importance.
I.ord Hill, the late commander in chief, ;
j died on the Itltli. in the 7ht year of his i
| age, at his scat, ilardwick Cirnngc, Shrop. !
| shire,
' An accident occurred on the London i
| and Birmingham railroad. Dec. 8th, hv 1
| which one person was killed and three otli* '
| crs were dangerously wounded.
The failure of J. I,. Fernand< a cV Son, ;
j corn dealers, vYc.. nt Wakefield, is an. i
. nounccd. Their liabilities arc ?90,000. j
Mission to China.?The Society for i
the Propagation of tin; (lospel in Foreign !
1 Parts intend establishing a mission at '
' Hong Kong, and will raise n special fund ,
' fur that pin pose.
Loau Moui'etii.? It his been stated J
' in a paragraph which originated (we be- !
lieve) with the Shctlicld Iris, that Lord '
] Morpeth was preparing a woik on the j
subject of the United States. We may |
; say with confidence that there is no j
I ground for the statement.?Leeds Merc, i
1 Arrival of Mnj. Malcolm with the Chinese I
j Treaty. j
Plymouth, Dec. 0. ? Major Malcolm, j
j of the 3d dritgoony, secretary to the iega- j
; tmil at China, and ('apt. Utchards, of Her j
J Majesty's ship Cut nwnllis. 81, arrived ;
> note nils riinrmn<r Iroin (Jlunn, in Hit: Ld ;
i imisC steam vtsnel, Lieut. Commander |
Lunn.
.Major Malcolm is the bearer of the !
| treaty of pence concluded by her Majes.
i ly's plenipotentiary, Sir Henry l't)ttinj?er.
J villi (lie Emperor id* China. It bears the j
: signatures (?f tin; three iii^h commis-aon
crs deputed bv the Emperor and sent to j
J Nankin to arran<?e the terms, <Sic. Major j
' Maleotn brin*;-- a letter of assent from the j
Emperor himself. solemnly cnuajiinij to ,
j ratify the treaty as s?.on as it shall he returned
to linn with the signature of her ;
j .Majesty atlnelieil then to.
J The Blonde frigate, !(}, (.'apt. I?miehier.
had sailed from t'hina for England, with |
: two millions and a half of doilais of the
Chinese compensation money.
i W.Vftlir.S MA llti IIV M.w.iiinkhv.
The London correspondent of tin; New
j 1
York Journal ol Commerce says thai some :
eentleman has hoen devoting twenty
j years of his iilu to the inventions, where. |
| try he is now enabled, by a variety of ma- j
chines, to construct an incrcd.hlc number j
i of watches, of every variety ol sizes, in a I
i day ! By one uiae'iuiu MOUUperfi cl plates !
can he pioilimed in one day?and bv five j
machines, also centre, third and fourth I
j wheels crossed, polished and cut ? with
balances for Mdtl movements. By another, ;
MOO pinions are cut and rounded?another
ftllll< till* I ml I *?4 lint 1 II Hill i? if u,? III I.I I
'holes, iVi',, planting the depths anil es
! cape men's. Four other maehiin s will j
make pivots for 00 movements a day.?
20 other machines lor every description |
ol'woik connected with watch-making,!
make up tin: set. The hcsl chronometer |
makers in London have ?let*I iretl that ev- ;
cry part produced by litem is far superior
to anything that has been, or can he, pro- ,
dueed l>y other means at the present day.
Miciiioan am) iii:k I>knr.?Clovornor
Harry, in his lale .Message to the Legisla
litre, stales the whole amount of the d?:l?t 1
of Michigan at $0,0:10,001. of which sum j
$011,HID is due to the ctlt/.uns, tno court- 1
ties, and the school and university funds 1
of the State. The (iovernor says : "Mich. 1
igan, while the virtue of Iter population
remains, will never refuse acknowledge.
iHcnt of Iter just debts, nor fail to make
payment when the means are in her
power. '
A curious thing occurred in I'iiiladul-pliui,
ii lew d:tyn since. A swung womnn
actually pawned "a hnbv. and got two
dollars oil this "pledge" of love. The
i n la nt wns so enveloped tlint?^oDnw,H^>
look lifcfo^Mfie *jM
plied uftcrvviirds with tho
guardinns ?f the poor, but they refused t
have nny thing to do with it until the six
months are up, for which it is pledged.
Comfort.?People's ideas of comfort
vary. A celebrated hangman in England,
showing the gallows attached to
Newgate, observed to tho by-standersthat
he had hung twenlv persona on it nt one k
time! Some one suggested that it wns
ton small. "Oh, no! bless your honor,'*
said tho hangman, " twenty.five people
could swing on that gallows, comfortably.
A Qvack's Kxfkdiknt ?A quack
doctor was once called in to sec n sick
child. II o looked at the patient, felt his
pulse, shook his head, hemmed thrice,
and took a seat, rose again, hernmod,
shook his noddle ominously, felt the patient's
pulse, and cast ins eyes upon the
patient.
" What ails my clidJ ?" asked tho fnth
Ul
441 don't know," replied saddle bugs. '
44 ('mi yon do nothing for hiui?" breathed
the anxious sire.
4 Nothing," was the response : 44 but/'
added the distiller of roots and yarbs, 44 I
have some medicine with mn that will
throw him into tits, and then 1 can cure
him, for I'm a perfect tiger on fits!"
An Ii.linois Court Sgknk.?A constable
thnl bad lately been inducted into
office, was in attendance on the Court,
and wa> ? r lcicd by the Judge to coll John
Hell and Klizalieth !> II. lie irninedinto.
Iv began at the lip of his lungs ?
"John Hell and I'ilc/abelli Bell!"
41 One at a time," said the Judge.
44 One at a lime?one at a time?one at
a lime,'' shouted the constable,
" Now you've done it," exclaimed tho
judge, out of patience.
44 Now vou've done it?now ynu'vo
done it?note you're if one. it," yelled I be
constable. There was no withstanding
(hi-; the court, bar, and by slanders broke
into a heart) laugh, to the perfect surprise
and dismay of the astonished constable.
f'i.NOKMors lVnn, ?The Ozark Stan,
dard, (Springfield, Mo.,) sa\ s : 4- We hnvo
in cur office a jaw tooth of an animal, dug
up near Warsaw, in Benton county, that
weighs 1112 pounds. Tun tusks found
at the sain place, and supposed to belong
(o the same monster, are about 13 feet
long According to the best calculation
that can he made, the skeleton when completed.
will he about 40 feet in length,
and 2s feet high."
Intkhestini: Tacts in I'llvs10i.0cv.?
We tiud the following statements in tho
Boston Medic..?I and Surgical Journal :
1st. That the longevity of the puro
African is greater thnn that of the inhabitants
of any other portion of the (ilnhc.
2d. That iiinlattocM, i. c. those horn
of parents one being African and tho other
Caucasian or white, are decidedly tho
.lw..l.. . i 1 ' - i
.-VII. MUX 11 v 1*11 ill lilt! Mil mil II riM'O.
3d. Tlint mulattms nro no more liable
to die Hurler the :i?jo of 25. than the ? bile*
or blacks, hut lr< hi til) to -10, their death*
me ns It) to 1 of either Dm white* or
bl'iek*, lie!ween lho.*n n?w?from 40 to
50 to 1?and fiotn 55 to 00, 100 to
1.
4th. Tnat the mortality of the frco
|h ojile of color, hi the (jutted Stulea, i*
more than 100 per cent, gicater than thut
of the slaves.
fjlli. Tnat those of the unmixed African
extraction in the I'm e Slate*,' nro
not more liable to sickness or prematura
death, than I ho white* of theii rank and
condition in society : hut that the striking
mortality so manifest among the free people
of lab* -, is in every community and
section of the country invariably confined
to the iMiiluttocs.
... ... 1
I.LI NOJS.
In a J.cm turn hefore the Mechanics ' Institute
of Chicago, l>v Isaac X. Arnold,
occur the following paragraphs, showing
the resources of the State of Illinois.?
Snrelv such a state is, or soon will he,
able to pay its debts.
"The S'atc of Illinois contains 35,*
911 902 acres of a* fertile land as any
where exists, or 59.154) square miles.?
It i* larger than New V,.rk Ohio, or I'eiin.
sylvanirt. It contains more arable land
than all New Kri?land, and more than ??ld
Rngland and Wales together. 'I'welvo
such Slate* n* Connecticut could bo
carved o | of it. and a fraction left. Tho
Missi*?int?i wasbe* its whole western fron ier.
It has the Ohio river on the South,
the Wabash on the SonDi.Ra.st, and T.ako
Michigan on tho North Rasl. The Fox,
the Rock, the Illinois rivers, and other
navipnbl" streams pn?*through the intcrinr.
For productivene.s.* of soil it is without
a rival. Its mine* of lend and coal
are itie\fian*tahlo. It had in 1 a.10. 157,000
and in I HO. 470.000 inhabitants.??
Were it as densely settled a* Massachitsclf*
it would now contain 5,000.000 of
people It can. under proper cultivation
sustain 10.000 000 of inhabitants, better
than if now does its present population.
"There are now prohnhlv about 15 000,.
000 of nitres of taxable lands in this State;
and the whole taxable properly of the
State, real and personal, cannot bo lean
than $75,000,009. A ml this amount is
rapidlv increasing. Rvery year is adding
thousands of acres to the taxable proper.
Iv of the Stale, and its value is fast increasing
by improvement, by tho intra
duction ol labor and cnpital.
makisk oi/T..
KxnrriinfiilK li:?v?- Ih i ii made in Kn^lnnd with a
view to teat tho adhesive qujIituH of a compoa-.
lion invented by Mr. Jcflfery, bearing Uie above
fume, whicl^ rceulled in Itowing it te tie
.^^HEblc in water, but of m binding a
gwny^Qwo ao^id pie.
^.c