r if
Si* ?<fi hino ti riJiw *f?oi yi <*> Jn|l
.l?jl?k| *i >? rf^riw i*rl ,i)(t ?ruuifl|al
"" -' -HjKap
holmo^ lo ftitabi k'slmml?.*? otwHr^
#?a ni nism^-i n>~t bolu'wio.ao A .yinv ;
0) b-*tf j*iia k#iili*)( full Ut)tw?(i? ,l)tml
J?^lnr.?bi?nb?.yU ?'> ?? ' b'"?v>*n^?
mmmmmmmjui ,JW I
ll^BH ftyil yiniini * .iiiKiiyimt oitt bi|t<
wmin imin
i,?,P JW&MAC**W? jC A 1
eeb*ertbw%o?Vwrk#ih*.|w^*'?t
%4twwNiMNi<i4H <eM iwdnl*,.,.,
^^UXttKlipfioi 4l*ifk dtM tft ?J*ah?o.
Poper* not ditcwnlinuod IomAmaI ?uboerib?re
iiMMitoni timt. For mwlMM it InMmh bf
dMiMfrts-nhdt (fe?fir*4i?iid?/rto1lftr
lid insert ed^ 'arid riharpfed ti l
rdemi W|.ro lv" ? ? m \ -w^ tfliiH
0*Th? poMige moot be paid ??n tatlors to the
*4ifr v.t
* i u*a 0MB?.a &X*BVW&Xm> , m
m ihibj ?i nw?
{ RXTWIV* MM*HNO I? (
_ > MirUlCAAJHtiNAi ir yt
(Joint Itrwiitrti ted for tho FarmW Register.
C&tota, & 6\, TVao. 3t>; Yin,'
^J^t?tt alTor^*'the jrfeai j?k?nVtl'1.1
>i:?i >.n t. ? ..!#& :, . * ?. r
VffP K ?# Wi W""',. V/ r.
niMti you with n ritutepifMit Ol my irutrUug
\UFWVuV/^fJii?M?t?;A!,n rtrnt year, u,orf the
INblPf .** SlMi l,ue,? ?*certMiiif
d..... .... '.I . \ i.
osl<<n*?meQC?d in Noy?>m!mr Inst to marl
inytpkuitntio"** Silver BhUf, on Savan.
nefcriver^ Titurn ik hti marl on tiro place.
I procured it froin Shell Mutton the mm?
river, n/id hnd*to hunt ft 12 mile*i Up the
afl-fcltm. f('i$(|;lfro4 prufrid tiaihU
{<> than (ho lift'ti I Use, and vVhen'.'tlio river
lift .li.ifl.'iy. Mi ..t ivt , i . <! > I.' ? ;
if not too hiirh IliHV make two trios a
Tdfli In: el . {' . . ' *
"'''""'("W I'^invol ves.
y M1 l,U:,lM:h aV '?
T*>fl W'tWJfoMVfJ ?l tt n>9t l^idow hi?U
flunoiji , the^Hrholo ?;rup
eiieon two other bauds and lw?j carta are
cmaMootly engaged itt hauling it.U>a place
of aecurity on the top of 4he hlu.'F. At <
other times it is hauled directly from the
nnttKrtjJdW/lhW ltiHUii Tnere are Hdwiy(?r"i^1oS(ids''and
2 mules lost to'tlie iroii' I
My n4?aV,''Wiifcii'ii? u common uolh'honi.'
VUo. toft : -|J. /V' > .!" , >-?i ,
Ulna III . 11 kIiiuHv lit/ niv Itu/lt mtllll H nti/l I
- i.Tni sn? r 7V * T~
c.W.iW* 8t)3i <'?? ?? lj?.
?W%> jrf>Frq ''."v.9 f?c?? jiicK^Hial cx.
^ nwcs to ttu! jirapunt^* ul<out ?2>|0 ihi*
3WHr.,,,j)Mrin? Mw yW/eP?J',w.)./An.ih??
8th of Ni?v,vo.d#fft H??ro vvct*: Q3 trip*
Mil *Mti. hUqviI 93f0t)u huahoia .brought
tapjid i tltiak I. can safely calculate ! on {
hrinjfing vp 10U,UD0:l>us!ieU pur annum ,
RerecrfWr, \viti? ro? aamo torco. I num. (
AWiC th&te fact# Uiut erSry t?n? nriy form
IftW'oVn citfiHfafe <?f the coat of pfhdtiring ,
mail under similar circumstances. My
AYcullu'tili i*'thiit it coitil rntv Hltoiit. fWu
eenu'a |?iish?;r iltliVereU on my bluff.?
*1 o oho having rhaVl hi hisotfn premise*
t)f*rfy tIje wl?ol? pf this rxpuipn: would (
lw ,KaytvJMr I urn enabled, byomittingtp
pu* "I'd, (spread ,
tWiiaard, without interfering with ulher .
pjantntiou work, or lessening tho ninnher
ofarren'idanted par hand. In hauling ,
?lut-1 liave ?? hetm utile lo do us muoli |
de they do in Virginia. Mr. Ruftin, the
author of the marling ftyatuoi, hnnlod M \
load.* of 5| hushels with each cart per ,
day a distance of h'47 I have done ,
l?Mt little oyer half as well. 1,11Kb iiiules
howpvox, and land lining level carried 6J
liutditil* hi * load. [ found the mule*;,
could not stand ironing hack with (lie
empty cart. Th? marl wcigii? i^houl 103
|li?.vper iHluhal.. My |and wins laid oil'in
mjnaraa, to ?nany to un acre, and a h|t|d
dropped? ineach aqu ire. It wa? spread ,
hyhdtid; each negro tuking hi* square^ |
drttf tfttrying hi* marl on a hoard or in n I
*mad.ttiiy? nA primo fellow can spread I
IX> mni III ii- u?jn uui u n ? unr?l imtKj
M*!d htiunting (Ire gang round I have ho!
averaged over half mi anhi fur each work*
elV^The milrf spread* Imj*I when damp.
It wll'f tt?Mif,yie1d totho hand, and lumps
dV^ iit g<?itHtlal easdy eruahodi
'Shell felutf*!# ii bnld'chtt'nn Savannah
rldv^ oVfr 4dW foot hi^h nhd it* ^ontft
|ilao?j? tn-?r? than tOD foot perpendiculnr.
^r<>fc*ior Vmiuxem, who , exairiinfed it
socitOj yftartfrag; >t (?ea Fanner*' Register,
vbJ. K?|elfr ?*M> *o|. X. P- 4^7,)
dptvvttH*} 14 varieties of marU varying
ill quality from,37.2 to 9^.4 per cent. of
cnrlMtuaie of lime. In using the mm) |
hnvo excluded Urn inferior no tnuoh a
l?Ob-Hihlo, and have not found the very
bent in hnv arent quantity. I teatod tho
quantity M Cnrrbonatn of lime in one apo.
divnnn'takcrt at rntwlotn from en oh Ihihi
fond Wrought up ttii* xuinincr, end Ibbnd
flic' to^ofHge of *84 Jonflv to lw 02 8 per
d$il. varying'ffoin M to 77. In cvniy
packman there was a amall proportion of
"(.Wft'ty iron, and clay nod saml, usually
in alnoit equal quantities. There
were* no dould, other component parts
which I did not ascertain ; hut Isalistied
mfmir that' there wa^najthej^ttvuaum^
nor
"c
1IIW? OJ MKJ-lti*' I V I flvMOII )0-i? J.
odllo Inaitio '.mi ten JTY11
ndl Ift wilogel > rfSITliW.v
dhw f.Mlt.nl uivU 1>h?u oi <i ?? !? //
TiWTSffffT7TW1^TTK(M?nri"^rT?7?r?r7MNT?T^"^P
sill 3/Duj ? ,.? I * >4 vW.i
ullii! : >1 c !/(? )' > ) ul iii
i^hiihbhhihIpsiiwi^m^R^HR^W^BSHBQ^
M*4 ^. ? JHpmMr,J ?****?
mpfce fcmo,
tlhpegfejt *e,nne*c?llent eerneuL , Much
of that, which I have u-*ul h*? been cut
fro,nlhe face of Ike cliff wilfa (tick-nxee.
U fall* down sometime* in fine' grams,
MmdinM in mnwM, ? At every bandf.
injjfit Mtetoi iip^'ifltier, and exposure to
the air ftMifst* disintegration. f do not
burn'fir pndfld ii, or1 iiaepny preparation
whatever,' but' spread it all I get it.?
Where it Wile spread laSt winter, an pS.
Server would readily discover it,and lnni;?s
I is Jargons tin egg, and occasionally much
, urger are to l?e seen. A mere passor by,
hpweyyr, would not police that the land
had been marled. At every working it
H uipra and myrp mixed with, the poil.
But 1 'imagine it will hp several, years
before it is completely combined with it,
and' until then 4h? full effect of this marl
cannot be known, IA difference was ap,
parent in thin crop between the effects of
that sDfead earlv in Februarv antl that
spread rtt the fatter part "Of April.
' B^ thd 22d of April Ifjsf,' I had marled
175 acres at the rate of 200 bushel? to
the litre. Of thdso 1 planted 50 nijres in
corn on the 17th March, 50 acres in cot.
ton on the 10th Aprilj and 75 acre? in
cotton on the 22d April. These three
cui?*ru in the'eatne tieM, and ndjoining,
he.-no separated only by turn, rows, yet the
Soils ^ary considerably. In the corn, I
laid off fodfscpnfate ncfes'nfoiig the turnrow,
hh nearly equal in quality as possible.
The one supposed to ho the best was left
without marl. The others were marled
m iih one, two, and throo hundred bushels
respectively. , It was all of the same
h<Mit load, a nil contained 54 per cent, of
carh?in^te of. lime. This land has heon
in cultivation more than nno hum I rod
yoa>s^ 1 have planted it myself 11 of tlio
last 12 ynors, and sowed it in oHts the
lllhltr Oft.t ? I hoot* ifiunn it llir?A ! ? !?*
J ?* ?-. -i ?! ??? ?????? It IIIIW 1^11%
coats of manure, the lent in 1839. It is
rt'Jigltt/ gray, sandy soil, *>f which tho
following Was the analysis before marIfHfii
n*.
W^ter lost at ,330 dogrces per coiit.
Vegetable matter 8
$diq? . . - 80
.. iAlipnimi, ... . 11
0|Xidp<rof iron , . 2
, i :Lt|S ;: 11 . < 2 .
M. >d 100
< Thris cut was til cotton last year, and
my expectation was that with common
masons it wojld produce 1*2 bushels of
corn per acre. And h id I not kept the
tinnmrled acre -as a test, I should have
jot down all over thitt 'quantity to the
credit of tbp mafl. The corn came up
hatliy,' and suffered by tint birds. The
four experimental acres were cultivated
precisely as the rest of the cut, nnd were
distinguished only by the posts which
marked the corners of each acre. From
the first however the marled corn exhibit,
sd u different appearance. It was stouter
and of a much deeper color. As tho
tcftsan advanced, the. difference became
greater. .The marled corn was as dark a
green as swamp corn usually is. The
lodder whi pulled on I ho 8 J August, and
ifter hanging two days and n half on the
Unite in rfrv und rulliftr uiinilv ivunlhor
weighed as follows:
Increase. Per cent.
ITatnarlod acre 250 lbs.
Marled, al 100 bushels 285 '* 35 lbs. 14
? ? 333 314 " 64 " 25 6
" ** 330 " 251 " 11 " 4.4
The corn was gut tiered on the 24 th of
Octnlier, being ih muighly dry and having
shrunk as much a* it would in .the held.
Thorn appeared to bo little or n.o difference
in point of soundness. It was shucked
clean nnd measured in n barrel. The
iinmaried corn shelled out 2 quarts leas
to the barrel (linn the inurlod. Tiio following
was. the result :
Increase. Per con)
Unmarled acre 17 bush.
Marlod, at 100 bushola 21 " 4 23.5
" XJU " XI " 4 23.3
" , " 3J0 " 18} * , 1J 8.8
From tl>?s? it would appear that 100
bushel* of marl was n* efficacious as 2()'?,
and perhaps in such land as this such inny
he the fact. It sirpenrs also probable tliut
300 bushel* to the acre is too much. I
ought however to state that this lust acre
had n slight sink in the centre, and that
tliQ slopes nrouud it ure much thinner
thsrt the average land. These constitute
shout one.fifth pf the acre, and were evidently
injured by the marl. It was a
bed selection for the hoaviest marling;
hut at the tune it was made I did not
suppose, judging bv the rates at which
they marled in Virginia, tiint 300 bushel*
would Injure nny land. My fear now i?
that 200 bushels may prove too inuoli foi
soil like this; nttd I have accordingly
determined to put only ii>0 bushels on
lha n.rn lif?rfn fl ?r. until I ilti fiirliim
I'"* l>?en a remnrkahl*
^i. tin
^^^^H^9p9P|hhMAdo at
B&ffitfHKiMri
* * V*
I ?I? IIIH I 'l'WJ|WWIiHlr ll>W> '!?gl%
,ro:)rt?vnr>?? ort) lo ?tnow :? ,?."iii i
.1-ilJo .?(' n *>1 I>-*!^/:r>iM vl. *<J l -l3tj>i? i
"I 1^1 HI U .111)1 III I ! .If IIII ll'l !! , III! | I
.li Ituj'/rgov l-iio m-jxiKv civ .cfr&l t
AW. SOUtll-CAKOUN A,
// j:n!?.irl .wv 1 ->? Hj'.xj v.-1'.ii m>\ J//AJ 11-.
a t*a> n*/ * >:< ji < ;Jv i j.sJ .'U*< )m. ;
I of thtifbur biwlwU tncreaMMl to thep*eu. i
. liiari tiv of ika ann^n niir*ji*>. tk?,h?.?l I
I i out wholly unable fw decide, 8upp<*ing
tho increase from thbeeaenrttobetlHtiiftffio' on
(ho marled nod utitaarlod Intitl, arid tieducting*
ft bushel* froth (ho product 'orf
each acre (here Will bo 33$ per cent" in '
favor bribe ton Insst marled uCroi. This
however is aU conjecture. The avbr'age
par acre of ^lii* whole cut was $8 bushels. I
The measurement of qU but the export- i
mental ucrcs was made however by wag- ]
gun loud* according to the usual plauta- ;
lion estimate, ui which (here is illiberal 1J
allowance for shrinking, &c. Had..(he i
whole been (Auaeiired In (lie same man- i
tier m (he experimental acrea were, the ,
produce would have appeared greater. 1 .j
have had tins cut plantod in corn once ]
before, hut having been absent the whole )
year, no nccodrit of ir wan preserved, and 1
I do not know whnt it produced.'!
I selected ulso and lutd otf sfiparatoly 4 <
ncren of cotton along the turn-row of the |
75 acre cut of cotton. At the tiino I
thought them nearly cquul in quality, and
the one supposed to ho the Unit of these
was left uuiiiarlcd, and 1, 2, and 300 Im.
shels of marl spread upon the other turce.
It turned out however that the ncre with
100 bushels was inferior to the average of
the cut, while the other two were fur su.
perior. I was deceived by the stalks
grown the year before. Toe two tirsl
named acres lioiiig somewhat rolling, and
the year a wet one, thoy produced us
good cotton as the other two which wore
Hal. The u'piiiarled acre was not much
if any superior to tho one marled with
3JU o.istieln, save that there was a spot
where fodder stacks tiad stood to 1^5ri0,
which produced pearly duuole the colton
of any other upot of the same size to
either uere, und added proUuhly 31) l os*. to
the amount gathered from that ucru.??
The marl on these acres contained, like
that on the corn cut, an average of 54
per cent, of carbonate of lunu. This
land is of the kind commonly known ns
mulatto soil, and was clearly lit least us
euiiy as the corn cut. It wns certainly
plauiud hy .tho Indians in 1740. Toe
louowing vviia mo analysis 01 it oeiorc e
marling, lor which, ns well us lor the an. ,
ulysis of (he corn cut, I am indebted to c
the kindness of Prof. Rllet ; r
Water at 300 degrees - 3 >
Vegetnldu matter .4.5 I
Silica''' . - - 74;f *
Alumina . . -*1 ' 14.5 ?
Oxide of iron - " 4 1
. > .{ J fi ' t
This cut was not planted until the 22d
April, because it could not he mnrled be- v
fore. A dry apell occurring immediately "
after, at the end of two weeks very little
cotton had mine up except in the marled ''
acre in which there was about half ii c
stand.' My overseer becoming alarmed 8
in my atMenco replanted the wholesnlnd 11
threw out the whole seed wherever it had
not come up. This wn9 done on the 0th 11
May, so thnt the crop of this cut dates 8
from that period, which is at least a '
month later than I should have preferred. '
For my Axperiencn is that early cotton, 1
like early corn, s* almost always the best. 11
( consider the two weeks snrt which ono "
half the unmnrled acre obtained in this 1
instance as of considerable consequence 1
to it. These early stalks could bo dis- '
tinguishod until the bolls hegan to open. \
Tt.o difference between the marled and '
unmarlcd cotton tvas ns obvious as it was 1
. in tho corn. The leaf too appeared |
broader and the stalk stouter from the 1
first. The following was tho production 1
of tbos i four acres. I state the pdoduc. ^
tion of all, though tlmt of tho 1 and *200 1
bushel* acres ought not to ho compared 1
with that of the other two, on account of *
the relative inferiority nf the sod.
The unmartcd acre 1111 lbs. in tho seed.
M tried do nt. 100 hu. 840 " ?
" ? at 200 1003 ??
a. ?t at300 " 1318 ?? ?
The difference between tho unmnrled
I acre and that with 800 bushels of marl,
i was 17.7 percent, in favor of the latter.
It would have been grontnr perhaps any '
other year than this, which has been nl. *
most as favorable for cotton as corn. The 1
average production of the whole 75 acres I
was 086 lbs. per acre. I havo had this (
cut in cotton 10 of the Inst 12 year? ; in |
corn 1, and in out* 1, and the following (
is a ktatemvut of its production of cotton ^
for 6 of the 10 yonrs; that of the other (
years not having heon preserved.
1633 av'gc p. acre in aeed 731 Iba. manured lightly.
1634 14 44 f* 784 f*
1835 44 44 " 951 44 manured light[y.
173d 44 " 44 451 M
1840 44 " 44 497 44
1841 44 44 44 500 44 manured.
1843 44 44 986 marled.
The other 51) acre out of marled land
was planted in cotton on the 10th April,
[t ctinic up in good tirno and wna a tine
stand. This is also a light gray soil, with
less clay than the mulatto land, nnd less
sand than the corn cut. It is probably as
..lit iiu i.it lif>r_ n nrt tin* lirnn fill I i vnlc.fl in
Kmy. Although phntod
n some other fields, nnd
*iw.i M iO?iii<fc vrw --
rTT'j^fe. ,^lf"'
Ciun^KDlK .fMjw..
isiti/v ,fclc? I'.i (li'Ji't'l Iatri'O ,(?... ti/n . >
& l&'WWMWtt
?) ,*i?i . . o,-? J t. ?# ,?tw )a 'furr- Vvi) 1 J?J?'
CHSfflaHCaMHBJHSSBHHSSSB^pfflHMIO
itf 4(> moiiill OOCRttM v 1 > n iti r ...
TUESDAY, JANUARY
ix!l ,*? ./ ? ?? ?? ?*. (? ia -In >
>0\l iiill1 > tisq - .o ci .' a Hi' oi> (li>v! s :)
after all of iheny?*eef?t the 7ft acre cut
il anon appeared tr> be the oldeAt cotton,
and certainly matured the earliest of any.
immndhitff ry?fte4'tH* cold \r*ntl>er, about
the lat August, tlie rust commenced ih it,
and by the20th of that month it hud the
nppcnrnncc of a fiekl After front. Forms,
Small bfitfll. Mti/1'nviSn ill"
, '.y... V'", " ",v?
Must persons Who iiaw it thought it had
hcqn ciit off onoi half. I think myself it
suffered .Jto the extent of one-fourth at
tqnft* But I hnvu made on this cut this
year 810 Hi*-., of weed cotton, which is
nearly 00 per pent, more than I over hud
made on it hotoro. The following is the
tvnrage of tU production (or 4 other yearn.
1838 ar*g* p. serein Wad SOS lbs. manured.
[834 435 ?
1840 " " M 358
1841 " - **> 858 ? Mattered lightly.
1043 m it ? ? marled.
I think tho injury from the mat nearly
>r quite equal to the beftcfit derived from
he favorable season. And that tho in.
:reuse from the marl was grcnter on this
Hit than on aliy other, because the oarli;st
marled and most seasonably planted.
The rust here was more injurious than
n any other field, and I inigiit have at*
rjbuted it to the marl, hut that the 75
tcrc cut also marled suffered least of all.
[ am inclined to think ihnl the most mini
need cotton was most affected, and the
,mnngent least; and that marl had no in.
lucnco one way or tho other. It is worhy
of rcmnrk, that while all my other
otton suffered from lice and the worm
>oth, neither made their appearance on
he marled land,
I have troubled you with this lengthmod
detail of my operations, because this
wing tho first serious experiment with
narl in South Carolina (that 1 know of),
t may be interesting to those who have
his earth within thoir reach, to know
lie particulars. From the facts 1 have
;tnted, each one can form his opinion on
ifcitrly es good data as I can my own.?
can only add that my expectations for
lie first yea* have been fully answered,
did not calculate on any of those magi.
:nl results which agricultural experimentrs
so often look for, and so seldom real.
20 to tho full extent. I regard an in:rcase
of 2(1 per cent, as a very handsome
earn, and if it only docs as well another
oar, 1 ahull at all events he repaid for my
itbor even if tne beneficial cflcct of the
narl ceases then. But the experience
if nil who have mod U is, that it continics
to improve the soil cverv venr. until
hornughly disintegrated and combined
nth it ; and (hut with proper culture it
lover declines from its maximum. Unfer
thcso circumstances, and with theso
topes, I shall continue mjselt to proseute
the business vigorously during the
ummer. I have hauled marl over 100
cres, and have now at my landing enough
o cover 300 acres more. My great regret
* that I did not engage in thn business
ooncr. I have long known Shell Blul!'.
llid for some years had heard of Mr.
India's successful introduction of marl
uto the culture of Virginia. Hut I had
ml read his * K>say on Calcareous Matures,*
nor examined Shell Blurt*, until
he summer of 1841. The idea of obtain,
ng marl from that spot was first suggestid
to me by my friend Mr. Dickenson, of
jreorgia ; and afier a careful perusal of
Mr. Rndin's Essnv, nnd an analysis of
uarli there, I determined to try the ex.
jcrimcnt. I have, during the course of
it, received much encouragement and valLialilo
practical information from Mr.
Ruftiti h imself, to whom, in common with
ill other beneficiaries of this inestimable
treasure, I owe a debt of gratitude which
cannot bo easily cancelled.
1 am, iny dear sir,
Willi great rcgaru anu esteem,
Ymir f.la'dicnt servant,
J. H. Hammond
Hon. Wiixtrmarsii B. Skabkook,
Pres't of the State Agr. Soc.
** NATIVE," AND OTHER CATTLE.
Messrs. Gaylord. 4* Tucker,?I havo
cad, wilii great interest, the drat volume
if the TrnnsaclionH of the New York Ag.
-icullural Society ; and with none of lliu
tapers tnercin contained have I been
more pleased, than with the one on " Neat
Cattle," by Henry S. Randall, in which
?re many iinufill suggestions in regard to
the improvement of our cattle, and the
production of n breed or breed* suited to
niir climate and purpose*.
Mr. R. fears that too tunny are 44 too
prone to underrate our native stock,"
which ho thinks 44 has produced animals
that would suffer little by comparison with
those of any other breed." In hoiiio remarks
on Mr. Randall's ideas, by Mr.
Win. H. Solhain. in the Sept. No. of the
Cultivator, is the follnwinir rnlhcr tillm
expression : " llo [Mr, R.J inny select
the I Hint [of the nnli ve Htock ] if he chooses.
And breed (hem until hn i* of the age ol
men, nnd my word for it, he will never
breed n beast that n good judge would
condescend to put his hand upon."
There may be a difficulty, I confess, in
deciding such a proposition. In the first
place, the premises should ho understood
and admitted by the parties. What, then,
J I, 1 I
* " -n
fKk YJfo n> ,i ><!? >!^rm ,]?>.?! <Ja I^Qi
ifeHUW J ? v !*.' > t?rtl
: .!>: >'1 MO ?->Ui tttU?#"J Mb t>J LsmVll ' ?!
Mini mm u III ungtMaante
i .'H.'trt !' >' ' : " bitfOCI
24, 1843. . .Jo! / I, j. nu v jjioij) | ?
r. >J hit vl' iiiU' , 1:1} ill lr.o lily;. ii?-j 1
, . I II Mil mi1 Ml sac-g
J,;-.-j ir;-w .' t(i "k.'ii . <4 >-.:! .Ajrij hi.\? t n\f ilt t J
, ii ^natw* slock?" H?ra ? tlib fjimH! n
, point; and they may a* watt du>pel? i
aboat'the merits of British ahmp^w Pay i
ollwt species of animal ?hibh ?(nb|ow I
varieties very widely difleront in their i|
characters, aa to attempt to dueide that I
matter until thia point in aeHled. <i
If Mr. Randall in to be allowed^and I
thia ia obviously hin intention,) to lake I
hucH animal* aa Mr. Runt's fat ox as ape* f
cimens of the scrub Or " ostivo" bread, if
appears 16 ine ho would bo tinder no toot r.
cossity of brooding till ho- io three ecore y
year* and ten, before he could "produce a
an animal that a good judge would condm ti
bconil to put his hand upon." While ?0 t<
my Into trip to the East, I saw this ox of sj
Mr. Rust's. He is truly a most superb tl
animal. He has, both in shnpo and color,
all the lending characteristics of a Hero. j(
ford ; his shoulders are well sot, his chime ?
full, hack short, loin sod hips Very wide, |4
rump long, lugs clean awl sinewy, and lie e
is considerably heavier than any other
animal I over saw of so litlje hone and ..
offiil. At the timo I saw him, Mr. Rust ^
thought his weight could not he loss than '
3,700 pounds; and it had been ascertained
hy repeated weighing, that his gain ?
was at leant three pounds per day. Not
withstanding hisimmenso weight, he was,
from tho justness of his proportions, very
activo. When lying down, ho would get
up us quick as a sucking calf.
I saw the inan who snid he raised this
ox ; and the history which ho gavo of him,
was that the bull which sired liirn was w
"part Hereford " In this, both he and p
Mr. Rust agreed. I cannot seo why tliis ^
statement need be doubted ; for according
to an account which Mr. Bement has ^
published, some Herefords were introduced
into this part of tho country several 8
years ago. But history and tradition out
of tho question, it appears to mo there n
would bo as much propriety in taking an >r
animal which should show all the princi- n
pal points in shape and color of nn itn- ^
proved Short Morn, as a specimen of the
" native stock," as there is in taking this
ox as such. An example of this kihd ?l
would probably be rcgardud by the ndvo- hi
cutes of the dhort Hoi ns as not altogether e<
fair. I"
Your reviewer. Commentator, in the ?'
Oct. No. of the Cultivator, in his remarks at
on Mr. Sothnn's expression, given above, fr
says Mr. Bakewell made n similar experi- 81
ment in England to that proposed by Mr.
| Randall, **und il is prcsumuhlo With no hi
better cattle to begin with than Mr. Kim- fc
datl might probably Hnd among what is ri
called tho native broed' in New York." pi
Now it may bo pretty near true that tr
Rikewcll began to breed with cattle lil
which were not belter than thoso which bi
wmc Imvo called native in this country; I
but from the beat evidence to bo had, il fi
seems to inn certain, that the animals with It
which Rukowell began to breed, were not tl
only very good in themselves, but belonged tl
to n race whoso superior excellence had g
been long acknowledged. Tnnt under w
his master mind they attained still higher w
improvement, is neither denied nor doubt* hi
ed ; but that the originals were altogether nt
superior to our common catlljvis plain, if 1
we admit testimony on this subject. qi
The first great advnntoge which Mr. u!
Rakcwel! possessed over uny ono who w
might attempt n similar experiment, con. gi
fining himself to the common entile of ft
this country, was the fixed character of it
his stock. Their leading points had been tr
thesaine, without admixture, us far as wc ol
learn, for uges. Hor.ce ho might caleti- in
late on a certain transmission of the quali* g
ties possessed by those he fi st selected, hi
hereditarily, to their offspring. The ori- ai
ginsls of our common cuttle have been it
brought from almost every country and pi
district from which this country has ever in
received emigrants. These animals, so al
heterogeneous in their character, have Is
generally hern bred in art indiscriminate, I
haphazard manner, until they have, in sc
most cases, lost all marked resemblance tl
to any distinct breed. o!
louatt, in the work on British Cuttle, I ui
gives n very interesting account of the I tr
stock from which Mr. Bakowell made his g
original selections. Under the head of it
the "Long Horns," ho says: "In the hi
district of Craven, a fertile corner of the fr
West Riding of Yorkshire, bordering on cl
Lancashire, and separated from West* 01
inoreland chictly by Iho western moor tt
lands, there has been froin the earliest re- k
cords of British agriculture a peculiar and c<
valuable breed of cattle." At paga 1(59 n
is given a portrait of a Craven hull, "sup- si
posod to bear about him many of the f<
characters of the old brood." The por- k
trait conveys an idea of a most excellent I
animal; one of Iho heat in the hook ; the a
body and limbs indicating surprising r
strength, with a rich, mellow coat of '1
hair. t
In 17*20, it is stated (lint a blacksmith 'I
by the name of Wilby, commenced the i
uuir 1/ nf irnorAVinrr tits* i 'vu ?sil., - ? l
? ?. ?h? vin?rii unuir, Willi f
noino cow* which ho procured from Sir cJ
Thomas Gresley. * Soon after this," says
Mr. Ymiatt, "Mr. Webster, of Canluy, u
near Coventry, distinguished himself as a '1
breeder, lie. too, worked upon Sir y
Thomas Grosley's stock. He wasnt con* g
sidurablc trouble in procuring hulls from g
Lancashire and Westmoreland ; and he is t
said to have had (he best stock of cattle t
then known'" At pages 191, 192, it is a
said, "improvement had hitherto boon
attempted to be produced by snlocting fe.
males from the native etocK rf the coun
>y any nrifWHWJjC
wm ??d'jwdi?h?M WwjMm WW*MP
HM>f*r?hk*d t?? ft***
>ot?: Mr. Wntoto* ?rnh%? M?u??fj>
worn Ming Long BiWllH>i#Wiii ibM
honriuink To ilteMr-aml their d*%ra*d?
on ft had fcimdeW ??*>>' *>>! *?w*
ears did not pah*b*fmt^MwOidMi
inn wiled for4kdtt>tand*eh?^rt'iA,fiect?,
ho*mallnd**?fitatbonojmntl itsjftttvtf#
a.acquire external ,4ot,>i?rfcit0./ h?jrI'fMl
mall consumer* 4f food in ympocAMM#
leir 9tX&, . .,,J fceV-' XT' UUC9'Hf'l nt
The object in inaking-.-llkie* qnotaii?
I to ahow ihat tHeatocpsttraOf Mf.Sofco*
ell's Mock hhiHasiMosii^ttdd?H?l
tag before he be|S*hiie?SM?stfblitd
r. . .. : >. . u i .likiiH; t aHj dt>-r; ryX
In vrbntlhwir# a*ki,ld?e<5ltjka?oy&?irtiinrt
fb " tthflder?l?*> the n?ti?a ***,"
ut Imve beOrt influenced only by-wearit
lot the ^libfie may be ?M tight in>rhat?4re
f fmjf itSo iouV <M intHf -*<i
J.
jCfcany Cu/twafor.
:"";u ,t; .vi' 1 'i| Hit*1 ?,i Al?t
l.b- r> .th'jFV-omtft iSeniAam WmH^r,eT ?.
f - OVIKBA >11? o)
Along with some graea roots, for wHMl
c nro indebted to (ho pubHcajftrft Ufid
ohioncn ?(>%*> totftfr. .fsmrn
tic following H0ff0 49iii>)h?c.Sr i?> ritgii
fetmra. Borrsd* fttrfeytoW!
GVntfmeh.^I how send yblHhoO#?ntNt
rass roots which your North C r f
lend requested jm\J t& pr&tOT# tbf UMi :
nd, withyo?fr potmi'?wion, ;l Wiltaeeff
ry<K?lf of thio occasion ta ffeblrnhaonaff
lore what I thirth? of fhi# gmsif
int some of my good frfdftda^Hr* dhAt
a ted lo me opintaiis whieh t IMtt# Wt
irtninod.- Not that I dototdsr tMfcfe
[unions at nil important to amy aF' Mji
rothor farmers; but having oftco pufeffch.
J them, and perceiving that wm pinoaK
ivc thereby beon induced to malt* atrial
f the Guinea gram, I owe it bptb totbdm
id to myself to guard them,,if. IcMr
om forming an ccronoeua epiaiaa ?db
ihject* - i1-'. nif Lvo'miU)
The good friend# to'whmh'f llWidt.1
ive curled it "my fhfbrfl*
rring tliia, I presume, to ItNfliOniewhat
Idcr term? !. AoWy,w ah bough Snfeedoa
City much the namie fhingS ^Bad (hat
uth is, that if ( mttat hat* ? hobby n
ko most of my brothren-^f^hliaN'hcdlMm
s of grass nor strait); n nd at to tho gta#M* .
have beon contort! to rabhthem aaritoaaa
uvo done who have meat a ttpahlnnnsto wa
i?ir culture. What -f formerly adirflof
to Guinea gram I still thihkq and it i*l
a> 11 nm |iiuuuvu *1 grwwiW WW>g?U -*H
rccn food?counting th?r tbur Mtlin^
hieh it will Certainly bear, st un kMrCgo
eight of between two and threwfeet, in
igh, dry land, of ordinary quality, thaa
11 y graaa of which 1 have any kaowtedgm
infer from this, it will yield a/gMMaias
unntity of such food, on high, dap Jasad,
f any quality, I have aleo.aaid* that> it
ill standtdrought better ^haaoar.aftkct
rnsscs, that horse* and catiiaeat it very
eely, for I have noon theeideewa^ He it
would compare with other graaaeoioJMfc
itivo properties-1 do not fiooat,rne eeyta
f them, I believe, have yet been aaodyaod
i litis country. It is .certainlynenetae
rasa, if suffered to reach a greater-Heigbt
sforo cutting than I have mentioned,
id therefore leaa suitable lor hay thaa
tu grasses commonly used, far/that gnr*
mo. It isalso hard to<HM*r|NMft'hohe?et
tore so than the red top, phial* mgQMr*
lly preferred to all ol horn, far ,aery,rivet
nd. From ell these facte, then, arhitth
have noticed tor four years, I dmaagi^
tlf authorized to aay of tho&oinpp grips,
tat in all high, dry, and even aendjhSMtb
f ordinary quality, such a* ere .unfit for
I !t<*r rInVPr nfi'kn?rl Itvana liM'Jh,* ? -
ip, or meadow oat, it wit) proriuoe e much
renter weight of green food than any of
lein ; that it will stand drought much
litter, and that horses and ustljo eat H
coly. But in ail situations whcro4he
Innate nBd soil aro well adapted to plover,
rchard grass, and timothy, it might com
snt any farmer to cultivate no other
inda. Still, the knowledge of their
ellence should not prevent email e*peri?
tents with other grasses ; far our maxim
lion Id bo, that thero ia no stopping, place
i>r those who wish to acquire a thorough
nowtedge of husbandry in slUts br*ncbt?4
j?'t your friend then, proceed to make m
mall experiment with the Guinea great
oots, which 1 now eond you for hjovn
[ hey should be buried in the oarth until
he ground cosmos to frecae in the epripg.
I'hen cut tho roots into pieces two or three
nvhoa long, and plant them in well pre.
inrcd land, between two and, tbrea jackaff
leep. Lot tho rowe bo twelve ipekae
part, and place lit* cutting# ? each ?*W,
I the distance of eight or nino inches,
["ho plants will require working,|h?
ear; but after that they will occupy the
round to the exclusion of #i\y olhif
rowth, and will beer cutting at ispst four
imns a year. In one season I qui it liva
imes. With sincere wishes for Ike cue*
eee of your paper,
I remain, gentlemen, iit?9 v.u
Yout nhedieet, servant*
Ja*W M vuGjtp^aTT .