Farmers' gazette, and Cheraw advertiser. (Cheraw, S.C.) 1839-1843, January 10, 1843, Image 2
1
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V fy Jf. MACLEAN. b
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' fH(H:?NbiiihW makljitMrtc daUatran
JMtt vi|li m ?4dMk?, whaa not ftil within w
UlMi meaths, of twenty par mil per mho. f
T?* sew miWcHb?r? mm* (ik* the peper H "
(bi Mm* in edvaaoe; end ten *t twenty.
< fee wtnfUio, not teeeiviag their peper*
in town. *Mf pay n rear's subscription with ten ,
dollars. In sapanoo. t*
A yoar'annbscription always doe in adraner.
Papers net diiouatianad tonhmt subscriber*
in artoaro. *
i-4da*rMa*aasnfoaotose*sding 16 linos inserted
far en* dollar the first time, and fifty eents each
jMeequeal time. . For insertion* at interval* of j(
two weeks 7S sent* after the firat, and a dollar
if the intsrral* are longer. Payment doe in *
sitanbe Barfidrsttiaamenta. When the number t<
of in*s*tlan* la net marked on the espy, the (?
advertisement viM ha inserted, and charged till
? A VI
tTTke postage must be paid on letters to the ?
editnr en the hnaineea of the office:
*?waern>*>sw*#$,. i!
Pram the Western Farmer and Gardener. Cl
AX ESSAY Olf THE IMPOSTAXCiE OP LIME Q
IX SOILS.?KO. I. j|
ST DA*ICS UarilAM, Civil. BMUINEKR. W #
^ Tlte fnrnt on which tny father reside*, ^
in Champaign county, in this Slate, lies ^
in one of those lienutiful glades branch- m
ing off northwardly from the main valley
of King(s Creek, a large tributary ofM
Mad river. We camo into possession of n
? phrt of the present farm in 1630. Pre- j
vious to that timo this part had been Q
* croft" for many years with corn, wheat, .
ftr., without any regard to n rotation of
o* the addition of niunure, until
the acii had liccomo almost exhausted, or
worn ont,hy this constant drain upon its
resources. Since it has (icon in our possession
it has been dividml into rectangular
fields, of nearly equal ares, and tho
?? four crop" system has been pursued in
tho cultivation throughout, until each
field has M st least one crop of clover
ploughed into the soil, and several ?l I ^
them have had two crops of clover. Very
little stable manure has been used ; I Hit
whatever else the farm afforded, such as
thfate straw, cornstalk*, weeds, dec., have
. been added fe the soil aa manure. Some
ft#' nprimnita have been made with
gypsa m, and a Is# with leached ashes, but
Co no great extent?sufficient, however,
to show the benefit which clover derives
from the applicaton of tltese substances.
T>? experiment was likewise made of the
Application of Dp?Mn to Indian corn, by
Wttiti a small quantity in each hill at
?ho tins* of itUsCiiig, without producing (
any wwibh ?d?ct on the corn;?lm< two #
ymmtm oftorwards, wlten <k- same field hod
boon hud down in clover, the place* y
olm* the gypsum bod lieen applied to j
the corn, became very conspicuous hy the g
greater luxuriance and increased height ,
of the cfover at time places. .
Although by this system of management
there has been an evident improvement
in the fertility of the soil, on tins
part of the farm, since we have occupied
it. Still it cannot lie called fertile, as it *
will not raise good wheat, ami corn crops a
are below an average both in quantity
and quality. Oats and barley seem lodo ?
hatter than corn or wheat; hut it is necessary
that the soil should be rendered
at ill Wire productive before wo can expect
to realize much profit from it. lie.
apairing therefore ef restoring fertility
tiiy the means heretofore pursued, it lias
bean un object of constant enquiry and
research with me to ascertain the licst
mods of increasing the productiveness
sad fertility of this part of the farm.? ri
The first step ia the improvement of any "
noil, ia to olAain nn accurate analysis of '
to componeat ingredientn. Accordingly ~
1 wot n ?|ieciiMn of the soil, taken from ,
ft bo middle of ft cultivated field, to my ?
friend, Dr. J. L. Kiddell, whilst lie was
employed in making a geological survey r
wf the northwestern port of the State; and
by careful analysis he found that 100 ?
grains contained the following substances: .
Water, .0 grains.
Organic matter, - . 3 **
1 Bilicious . . 80 **
Aluminous ** 8 "
Per .oxide of iron, . 3 * 'r
t?
?* r,' P. 1
Total, 100 " ?
Hh liLowinn Iliai iiu. miiU iu>I ''
to do tec ted in this soil: and tto amount n
??f saline matters was inappreciably small,
lie fbrther states that the soil seems to ?
tie n sediment from turbid mater. It has
udnttlVy i'darfc hrnwn, Or reddish brown a
cdldr, Consists of rather fine particles, a
and exhibits to the naked eye numberless
glimmering grains of sand.*
Having procuicd the foregoing anafy. '
ai* the neat step in this inquiry wan tu (
ascsrtaip which of the component parts *
of the soil required to Imj increased or di?
misishod, fr whstlier any other sulwtan- ^
w?jraro Tfl?|wi?wa 10 n mhmhi tn order m?
im rim link fertility ?f the noil. TIm pro. ?
tMntion of Itiifc impri*y led 1110 into (be /
filifelli Mid etmeet inexbountiblc eob- ''
fat* M egtieulforel cliemintry ; end (he '
p?#rt> of Oorvt Chnptol, R tiffin, end pro- *
fefetfb Hitchcock, mn?, Jecknon, Lie- 11
t. mi . i r<
' $c? Riddcir* i^coli^ictl Report to the Gen. "
AiKinUj of Ohio.' '
1
SBhdtfltL
'r ijr< A t>l :i'.t !>*<.< >**& yl ulfWtM !.im
Astm
'.? ?v?-n<}? ^ 1 :\^t K/*0 Hun;* bit* (fiWino.'J
i i 1 igaegg3gs=g
CHERj
eenBSRBSnBEE9E99Bn99ri
fj.;o :<ui ,[} .!
if, and several others, have kp?? connHed
during any investigations.
AH fertile eoile throughout the known
oriel, are composed essentially o( the
f 5 .
mowing mgreuranii
Water, by absorption.
Humus, decomposed animal and vegeible
matter.
Silicioue matter, or sand.
Aluminous matter, or clay.
Calcareous matter, or lime.
Magnesia, manganese, and oxide or
-on, are likewise frequently fuund in
iiU; but they are not deemed essential
> Fertility; and in certain states of comination
with other substance^ may be
ither injurious or beneficial to the growth
f plante.
The greatest degree of fertility which
is possible for any soil to attain, may
e prekfaced by a proper Admixture in
er'tain proportions of the fiVe-substan.
ca alNive named ; but the proportions
f the various ingredients may lie infinely
varied (avoiding extremes in any
nu substance,) and still the soil mny lie
ecmcd fertile ; hut, nevertheless, there
i a limit beyond which the fertility of u
ail cannot be carried. What the exact
roportions arc, and what degree of adlixture
and combination of the particles
re requisite, to obtain tlio greatest prouctivencss,
has never yet been precisely
scertnincd; and in order to form some
dca of this point, it is useful to have reoursa
to the analysis of soils of acktiowldged
fertility and prductivencss.
Professor Charles T. Jackson, in his
rport on the Geological survey of Rhode
sland, has given the analysis of ninetyMir
different cultivated soils, taken from
arious localities in nearly all parts of the
tate. and in eighty-nine of thoiu, lime
r?i present ns one of the ingredients,
(electing, promiscuously, the results of
j:<t. . :i. r_ .1 >.li < l _
Pll UIIIVRJm IHMin, irivill tliu IHIIIUQ III IIIC
jeological rpjvirt, and making an average,
re find that the proportions of the five
seen tin I ingredients composing the soils,
re, in 100 grains, as follows :
Vater, .... 2.0gra:ns.
lunras, .... 5.0 M
lilicious matter, (soluble,) - 3.5 **
lilicious matter, (insoluble,) 85.0 44
Uuminous mutter and iron, 3.5 ?
Calcareous " (salts of lime,) 1.0 44
.1
Total, 100.0 44
A cultivated alluvial soil, taken from
lie banks of I lie Mississippi, 100 miles
Isive New Orleans, gave the following
esalts by analysis of 100 grains :
Vater, * 3.9 gr*.
I urn u.% .... 3.0 ?
lilicious matter, - . 81.4 44
llumiiious mutter and iron, 7.0 44
Calcareous 44 [salts of lime,] 2.8 44
Total, 08.7 44
The analysis of 100 grains of dried
oil from the hanks of the Nile in Egypt,
, soil celobrated from the remotest antipiity
lor its luxuriant vegetation, nfibrdd
tlie following results .
Water, ... 0.00
Humus, ... 0.90
Silicious matter - - 47.39
Aluminous 44 32 10
Calcareous 44 2.02
Iron ... 11.20
Total, 99.01
Tlte following is an analysis of a very
ich soil from llntavia. The analysis
'as made by Mr. Henry Sumner, of Bos>n,
under the direction of Prof. Jackson.
-100 grains of this soil yielded,
Vater of absorption, . 7.8 grs.
lumus, .... 24.9 44
>ilieious matter, . . 43.0 44
.luminous 44 . . 14.8 ?
Calcareous 44 [phos. and ere.
tiMIf* nf liirM* 1 _ O n u
'j - - * " "
iir-oxidn of iron, - - 7.9 ?
lagncsia, - - - 0,3 ?
Total, 100.7 "
The foregoing analysis of some of llie
iohI fertile aoils of tho world, will serve
i instruct us auto the nature and amount
f different mutters that ought to I hi in*
reduced into a given sod, in order to
snder it more fertile. It is not expect*
d that this will be done at n single oper.
lion ; hut it is important that we nliould
now the propor courso of improvements,
nd then we can gradually eflccl them,
ccording to our mcans.f
By making a comparison between the
ssults of the foregoing analyses of oil*
ivatcd soils remarkable fur thoir great
srtility, and I ho constituent parts of our
nil in Champaign county, wo at once
iscovor a Unking difference in the total
btcnce of lime in our soil, an well a* a
cticiency in tho proportion of humus, or
rganic matter. The euin of ilio sili.
ioua and aluminous matters in each be.
tg very nearly the same. It is, there.
>r<>, highly probable that an artificial
ddition of the rcuuisite proportion of
ino tiiid organic matter to our noil, w ill
jsfore its fertility, and render it equal to
t JackuMt'D Report on RhoJc I.UaJ.
*
i $ ijf iSfe";
J * "}P$ Lr:<VM?iifoVlW i ?l
_' I lil?V i.. U ,ili? .?Vul :>!
vwmmjntr
VW. SOUTH-CAHOLINA
' " ->? . :>.u ct >4 ;. -T,.')
to?. "? '' .! ?>: * .~j J, i /' .".inmtt+i if
the general average ol the soils above no-led*
But there are other considerations
whiek reader it still more probable .that
the deficiency of lime and organic mot.
ter is tho principal, if not the eols cause
of the unproductiveness of our aoik~Tltese
considerations I ahall proceed te
notice.
If tlicro is any one principle settled in
agriculture, it is thut sumo convertible
salt of lime is essential to the fertility of
soils, and that certain crops cannot be
raised upon a soil destitute of liiqe.?
When we consider the most favored gruin
regions of tho earth, it cannot fail to be
remarked, that the soila. are invariably
charged with a notable proportion of lime.
On the other hand, we note that where
the soil is deficient in this re^icct, such
crops are invnriably meagre, blighted,
and unprofitable. A soil destitute of time,
may produce straw, but't can never yield
grain!
It is an important question, nl present
much discussed, whether salts of lime are
essential to the nourishment of certain |
cereal grains, and whether tlie amount1
of calcareous matter is diminished in a
soil by raising upon it sueccssivo crops.
It is evident, since all vegetables contain
lime in their constitution, that if they
ure raised on and removed flrom the noil
after their growth, a certain proportion of
the salts of lime must be abstracted. No I
one, I presume, will in modern times contend
that plants create any elementary
sulistuncc. If thoy contain lime they
must have drawn it from the soil, or from
the manures that have l>ccn sprout' ujron
it.
One hundred grains of the ashes of the
grain of wheat were analyzed hy Sir H.
Davy, and ho obtained 44.5 per cent, of
the earthy phosphates, chiefly phosphate of
lime. The itxlirs nf tho nlrniv nf wlmiil
contain six per cent, of the phosphite, and.
one per cent, of the carbonate of line; In.
dinn corn contains the phosphate tf lime,
its ashes yielding no leas than thirty-six
per rent. Clover contains the sulphate
of lime; and nearly all the plants known,
contain a small proportion of calcareous
matter.%
It is therefore proven lieynad all doubt,
that LtrtR, in some of its various formsf is
an essential ingredient in all fertile soils:
?-frst* from the fact that it is almost uni.
venmlly present in the most productive
soils throughout tlie world ;?second* from
the fnct that nil known plnnts contain
more or less calcareous mutter it some
form ns nn essentia! constituent.
It is likewise proven that liinc, in some
of its forms must be continually alwtrac.
ted from the soil, by the constant growth
and removal of those plants which contain
in their constitution any no'ahlc
proportion of the salts of limo ; and Itcncc
it may tie inferred, that by canrtant cropping,
the lime contained in (lie soil will
in lime become exhausted ; and unices it
Im again added artificially to the soil, it
will become incapable of producing those
plants which contain any considerable
: l!?.? TLI- a I!t-?
|r? wj/tii i miii ut Ills iaci IS IIKCWISC
proven liy universal experience, in (he
cultivation of wheat, Indian corn, clover,
and other plants containing in their con.
stitution, time in large proportions.
Until very recently, it had not been
suspected that any soil was wholly destitute
of calcareous mutter; and more especially
noils resting immediately on
lime stone formations. Indeed, most of
tho writers on agricultural chemistry, by
the manner in which they have (rested
of soils, and their constituent parts, wsuld
induce their readers to infer the general
presence, in very lurge proportions of
this ingredient, in all soils. Mr. Kdinund
It tiffin, of Virginia, was perhaps the first
to discover the general absence of this
substance in nil soils which are naturally
unproductive, lie states that in 1817,
when first attempting to analyze soils,
it wus with surpriac and some degree of
distrust, that lie found most specimens ticstilule
of calcareous earth. And after re
^4. j j-!-!. - -
jnmicu irinix, innue Willi grcut CilfO mid
accuracy, ho concludes Hint no naturally
poor noil [below tlio falls of Clio ri vera in
Lower Virginia] contains the smallest proportion
of carbonate of lime. After having
made extensive experiments, on both
rich and poor soils, from various parts of
the country, Mr. Rodin arrives at the
following conclusions ;
? That all calcareous soils are naturally
fertile and durable in a very high degree."?And,
" That r.ll soils, naturally poor, arc entirely
destitute of calcareous earth."
It, then, can scarcely he denied, [continues
Mr. Kuflin,] that calcareous earth
, must lie the cause of fertility ?if the one
I f.liltM (if Uiilii. nnil ikn ivnnl a!" it
y < * ?.?w ?? Wl % |'l
I he poverty of tho other. Qualities that
always thus accompany each other cannot
lie otherwise than rauxe and rffrcl.?
But howover deficient the soils in some
parts of Virginia may lie in calcareous
matter, many persons will be surprised to
1 Jackson's Report.
b Kuftin'b E?mj.
*
Atormrnvsi
-" 1' . . . ,
" )l". 'i i i i. ,
. TUESDAY, JANUARY ]
===3=s============as!S!tsBfea
learn, that a large proportion of the toil$ of
Ohio art likewise destitute of tikis essential
ingredient.
In the mond (iQAlogical Report of
OImo? Dr. Loeke -states (bat tliu soil
foffiml by the disintegration of the underlying
limestone formations, in the southwestern
parts of the state, docs not contain
at the surface so much lime as we should
I anticipate; and rarely, if ever, where un'disturberi,
does it effervesce or foam with
acids. On the tojw of the hills around
Cincinnati!, the loam lies seven to nine
feet deep, before any atones nrc mineled
with it, and this loam is not rfferv^.xr.i j
with acids.
The vegetable acids,, (observes Dr. |
Locke,) which exist in the natural juices |
of plants, liecomc saturated with lime as I
| iltifV iMtua llir/merli at oml fitrnk oolnKlo I
-??-?jr i?| *i??m ?v? ?i? nviiMfiv
saIIn, ^vliich are wnnhed away by the
ruin*. 'IVoo causes, operating for ages,
have evidently bloodied tlio surface, especially
on the table lands, till, in my
opinion, there is ?n absolute want of calcareous
matter. II' this is the fact, the
clay-marl, found every where botween
the layers of rocks, would he a beneficial
manure; and burnt slaked lime would
tie still more useful, and would undoubtedly
renovate the wheat and grass lands,
which on the table lands, arc to some extent
worn out.
In a previous Geological Report of
Ohio, Dr. Kiddull says, the bottom lands
near the mouth of the Big Miami, are in
some places destitute of carbonate of lime.
The diluvinl soils of the extensive plains
of Champaign and Logan counties, as I
learned from frequently repented experiments,
arc usually destitute of carbonate
of lime. I have olten noticed, by repeated
observation, while travelling north in
Ohio, thut tho inner tracts of all large
plains, whether tho margins are bounded
by hills of limestone or not, present a soil
in which carbnoatc of lime cannot be detected.
Between Clarksvillo and Springfield,
tho noil docs not often contain any
appreciable amount of carbonate of lime.
Near Upper Sandusky I tried with acids,
portions of the upland soil from several
places, but no carbonate of lime was indicated.
Neither would tho black mould
effervesce, when submitted to the same
experiment. The soil about Monroe, in
Huron county, docs not effervesce with
acids; and would probably admit of improvement
by the application of calcareous
manure. ||
Farmers of the West! We beg of you
to reflect upon thuso facts. Is it true,
that your farms contain little or no lime
or calcareous cnrlli? A lip's worth of
nitric acid, poured upon the soil, will inform
you. Is it also true, that the presence
of time in some of its forms, is essential
to the proper growth and pcrfec
lion of nearly every vegetable known, and
more especially of those that are cultivated
and used as food for man and animals?
If you should not be convinced of this
font, from the brief considerations above
given, read the invaluable works of Davy,
Cnnptal, and many others, on agricultural
chemistry. And should you succeed
in convincing yourselves of these important
truths as I have dono, you will naturally
inquire, Wltnt is to he done to remedy
this defect in our soils ? In the next number,
I propose to aid you in your researches
for the proper remedy, as well as to otTer
some further and more important facts
and reasons upon the necessity of the applica'ion
of calcareous earth to poor and
exhausted soils.
(To be continued.]
TNK ritOPRK CULTIVATION OP, AND ANNUAL
CHOI'S FOR PKACH ORCHARDS.
To the Editor of the Farmers' Register.
During the last twenty some odd years,
n communication has been almost annually
going the rounds of agricultural pa|?ers
the production of a worthy man and a'
zealous, enterprising agriculturist of Pennsylvania,
a Mr. Collar, on the subject of
cultivating Iho peach tree.
Many years ago I determined on the
cultivation of that fruit, with n view to
distillation and tho fabrication of brniuly ;
hut, be lore my orchard had become productive,
as the result of observation and
much serious reflection, I determined that,
next to original sin, ardent spirits was
the greatest curse on earth ; nnd, theretore,
determined to tind some other outlet
for my littlo portion of industry and enterprise,
less objectionable. Tossing
through Virginia and North Carolina
about the same tiine, 1 found to my agreeable
surpriso that, us an article in Iho production
of animal J'ood, Iho pencil, if judiciously
selected, and managed, was not
excelled, when every thing was tuken
into view. I found, however, that the
method suggested by Mr. Colter was opposed
to a judicious nnd economical management
of both fruit and soil.
About the Inst of July, I found my littlo
orchard cultivated on this gentleman's
plan perfectly prostrated?the trees lapnivl
?? ll urn* ? * '
r? -- | ?; " 6" ?SM "?",,u
(he loud of I'ruil lying on (ho ground, pur(
among (ho grits* and weed*. For, (o give
(ho soil (hut degree of cultivation necessary
to keep it clean, wm impossible.
1 became still further satisfied, from
facta before mc, (hat the ground umongst
fruit trees canaol be kept too loose, or too
|| Riddcll'i, Uudngical IUport
mnpy in i 10 ^ jyWKaey
l>#lf $$
Q^oi ; t-?. Mio:: 711 <11^1
*? rn "?' *<?
M?fl Jrr A :
lfl "' 1 >' II Ml i I I ' |
'j Tito T.!>. . Hi"-! .Yicwiiiii. ;
10. 1843.
tl .*?. . ?< M' . (J I k IYJ - * ' c
J i!1'.'"1'
char of (ran and wood*. I determined, |
kivtvivicf iiHit auuia ainviipriiinK crnp
mint bo round and annually cultivated
among my fruit tree* to ilurttre good fruit,
and abundant crop*, a* abo hating tram.
In ieleetiqg this crop to carry out my
plan, which was to raise the poach for the
production or pork, I Found that aome of
the pea tribe, after the IreM arrive it the
bearing state, and I ho potato, proWoqiir,
wore the only plants unobjectionable; and
I found in this section of the Union varieties
of both, fully answering my views,
coming to full maturity, it the peaches
began to ripen in June. I found a pea
that produced admirably, and evon under
the trees, running up their bodies, spreading
through the limbs and bearing wetland
uninjurodby thowinterrains. And,bere
I will add, aa the result of nt> slight experience,
thst, notwithstanding the peach
tree-is so highly benefitted by etirnng the
earth around its mots, to produce the best
effect it must be done only in the fall,
wintor, and in the spring after the blossom
is off. And, to sottle this part of the
subject, as far as regards ray practice. I
will state, that as soon as the vines of the
potato or pen cultivated in tha orchard,
are sufficiently rotton to turn under with
tlio bnr-sharo, the first ploughing takes
pliice, the next previous to planting, and
the lust on the cultivation of the crop.?
t ana fully satisfied thnt the roots of the
tree require to be kept cool and at rest
(w hen the tree is in tlio bearing state) the
balance of the summer, for which the on.
Iv two crops I can admit are admirably
calculated. The little bunch potato comes
to maturity with us in June, and produces
admirably. The vine hardly runs, but
covers tho earth with a mass of leaf and
short vine. Not wishing to take up too
tnuch of your valuable celumns, I will
continue the subject in other numbers.
Cultivator.
Alabama, 1st Sept. 1840.
drv mka8urks of cafac1tv.
To the Editor of the Farmer*' Register.
Very few things are more useful in
house-keeping than such articles. Yet,
I believe, it 'may truly be said, that very
few if any families are provided with more
than one or two uf litem; say, a half-bushel,
which rarely agrees with the standard,
and something called a quart-can, together,
perhaps, with one which is supposed
to contain a pint. These last, how.
ever, are always of the wine measure size.
Consequently, every one who receives any
article measured by them?-meal or flour,
for instance?loses very nearly'ten cubic
inches in every quart which he purchases,
there being that difference between tho
wot and tlio dry moasure quart. But this
is not the worst of iI; for I believe that
almost all, probably all the measures we
mako for ourselves, (if indeed we make
any,) of a smaller size than the half-bush,
el, such as the peck and half-peck measures
used in our mills, are graduated
from the tin quart-cans which we pur.
chnse from tho tin-shops, and never think
of examining so as to ascertain what they
contain. I know not what is the cause
of this carelessness and neglect, unless it
bo that most house-keepers are either too
lazy, or too ignorant of common arithmctic
to direct the making of their own
measures, especially in a round form, and
ka Iaiiva thnmaplvai anftmlir wilhnut in,.
J - J
Bui be this as it may, 1 have thought that
( might perhaps ronder nn acceptable service
to aome of our agricultural brethren,
as well as to othors, by furnishing them
with the dimensions of boxes nearly
square, which would contain tho following
quantities: a bushel, half-bushel, peck,
half-peck or gallon, half-gallon, and quart
?barrel (of 5 bushels) and half-barrel.
All these can easily bo made by any
common enrpenter, who can use the ordinary
tools of his vocation, and can procure
a smnll quantity of very well seasoned
plank of some wood which is least linblo
to shrink or to swell.
You, my good sir, and many others
know, that no inensure of capacity can
be mado with absolute accuracy, for reasons
with which it is needless here to
trouble your readers in general, and 1
shall therefore omit them. But thu fractions
in the measures here given, are quite
near enough for all coinn on purposes, as
all of thcin coiuo within n very few perls
of a cubic inch of containing the exact
quantities which each is designed to conlain.
None are in use of greater accuracy.
TV
u intensions.
A box 1G in. by 1G.8.tenth* and 8 in. deep
will contain a standard bushel, or 2150
cub. inches 4 tenth*.*
A box 12 in. by 11 2-trnths and 8 in.
deep will contain a half-bushel, or 1075
cub. inch 2 tenth*.
A box 8 in. hy 8.4 tenths nnd 8 in. deep
will contain ono peck, or 537.6 cub. in.
A box 8 in. by 8 and 4.2 tenths deep will
contain half a peck, or 268 cub. in. 6
tenths.
A box 5 in. hy 5.6 tenths and 4 in. deep
will contain half a gallon, or 134 cub.
in. 4 tenths.
A box 4 in. by 4 and 4 2-tenth* in. deep
will contain one ausit. or 67 cuh. in.
2.tenth*.
A box 24 in. by 16 and 28 in. deep will
contain a barrel, or 10752 cub. in.
A box 24 in. by 17 nnd 14 deep will con*
TIicm calculation* arc for a but-hcl of 33 quart*.
The S. Car. Ac JN. Car. bushel U nearly 40 quail*
>* I'jr.eV? ?olrniil?n otto<!b tuTT J V
,:ib)?; -.6t; itiii 'lo "iT>liBl>pil)f ??*'t ^ \ ,
?nr* w!v ,l'.>vi?m*v{ ?! Mio 'i ?h . ? \ \
j^n 'id infforne ijf) * no*' \ *
I I I* ?>! itw-; b ; ?f? wlrtem ?* \\
i. i ' . v ! ,!> i--j ?i 1 I'" t V
11*. x. -4vmiliw mu? ?;>I
i"i I'mea?AiM
jtu * ,f?v*4M.*i j; -??;In > r , /yfc JiV'tr l(rt
NUMBSR 9
;'1?1 1111 11111 juyi
tain half* b4Mf,?r?tH^ft. t' "" "M
If thoee wbe may #Ui 4
Roiwf iwiamM nblch if# iMrte't# flMip4
in an? book tfttff ?*?? em eee^tWT#
tycopythem i. their peek*.I iliijWil
AjiirrtumMmiiIiiii JyLj
they may alwa?a bp mMM' afcft
directions for mefchm thin#. #ttiM ?*
trouble of re ferri ng to yew Register. t
venture to giv# tilt# 8*c#w6t
I know, by fcng experience, lat merry df
u? will rather go without any Wftnailk#
we may want, then eah t h# slope *Fter
book in which wo or# ?iKu#k lw?
bo found. Such ia tho ?w ?ssrftm--4Rv
highly culpnhlo neth) torpor of (hoMMt^e
among us. who will moko Ml oJfert to 96rroet
this ahnmnftii fecit, ohhsugh ddS\y
sensible of its existence, ond very Iroqwohfly
suffering, not only inconvenience, Mft
considerable injury from its injwohoo. I
llut I Mint fetbeer lo morel iso Mhsrtb
such s subject, loot oomo of yourwdtinuV
readers mey occuoo mo of ** tnrollio| en#
of tho record" farther than need how I
will therefore cow#h>do with renewed #9surenccs
that 1 shift over nmh yotw.
Very oincecely.
JAMBS M. Garxbtt.
RErtHT OX TUB VlltAWM.
Letter from the Secretary of the IVMNsyntkr
etate of the Fiaanere.
Tiwsuit D?r>i i nan i. Dee. IS, IMS.
Sir : In obedience to tho direction of
tho net of Cnngreooof Itie 10th May,MRfe
ontitled *An net supplementary to thar
act entitled * An not to ootablish the Treasury
Deportment,'" and nn not entitled
*' An act to establish the fiscal year," fee.
approve J the 26th August, IMS, the flowerets
ry of the Treeeury respectfully eub
mita tho following report:
/.?Of the public revenue ami expendithmi
Tl?o balance in the Treasury ee tbs
1st Jan'y, 1842, (exclusive of the
mount deposited with the states^
trait funds, and indemnities.) was ?230,461*68
Tim receipts into the
Treasury dating
the first three qaartcre
of the preeent
year amount to $96,614^83178
Viz
Plain eustoeia filtJIBLRlt u.
From lands 1,091,636 95From
auaocllansosa "
ic incid'l sources 112,967 17
From Tr'y notes per
act Feb. IS, 1461 1J086JM6 66
From do. do, per -.it
' est Job. 31,1846 ".TTI.BB1 St .
From loan of 1841
and 1842 2?66,198 61
The receipts of the fourth quarter.
it is estimated, will amount to |7J86JS# 69
Vb\
From customs 4,000,600 09
From lands 368,000 00
From miscellaneous
&. incid'l so or oss 90^666 09
fnim tr?.-.a.. n enn aaa ?a
From loan 1,000,000 00
Making the total estimated receipts
for the year 70
And with the balance in the Trenmiry
on the first of January laat,
an aggregate of #>4,733,077 46
The expenditure for the fint thee*
quarter* of the presont ynar hare
amounted to #36,964^03 30
Vix:?
Civil list, foreign in.
tercourae, fo naisecUaaeous
#4^71,933 93
Army-fortification*,
pensions, fulfil,
inent of Indian
treaties, suppress. ;1|
ing Indian hostilities,
foe. 7,065,036 95
Naval service 6,717,064 17
Treasury notes redeemed,including
inl?rrS IBOllMVt
f(Vwv^v/v mm
I'ublic debt, including
interest on low 354,137 80
The expenditures fee the fpsrth
quarter, are estimated: from data
furnished by the respective department*
M38^7?1S
Via
Civil, foreign intercourse,
and miscellaneous,[
including
the amounts
duo to states for
distribution of the
sales of public
lands, &. amounts
duo to Mississippi
dc. Alabama, unA
?i -f a?t A
?"Vi avtui
1841,J 2,144,013 97
Army,fortification*,
pension*,fufilmcot
of Indian treaties,
suppressing Indi.
an hostilities, tw.. 3,710,436 45
Naval service 1JB28.385, IS
Interest on loan 152.442,66
Unclaimed dividends 3,000 00
_ .
Principal und interest
on Treasury notes 400,000 00
To which add outstanding war- .
rants issued prior to Jan. 1,1842, 805,474 03
Making $35,308,634 38
Leaving a deficiency in the Treaaury
on 31?t Doc., 1813, of $575.55* 9ft
,* * -