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1 ^ ?vj<(Jw ,?w-xi3 ' ?ia^>*.-.< iiittv .tit I, Wni .*> ! i ?-Vjj^^n.lKOiri ik n|i y ii uw jis ** fc?i'?i tuiUTWi -If-ow &KT .k?.;. .?* .? i lu ijjP^yKt ai j ft). * Wyw'u n< > .?'! < ..? n>:j muMn; VIII. V.' '?'*.1 L '.'" : ,: W ? : . I # ?} \ . A ; V fy Jf. MACLEAN. b ? ' fH(H:?NbiiihW makljitMrtc daUatran JMtt vi|li m ?4dMk?, whaa not ftil within w UlMi meaths, of twenty par mil per mho. f T?* sew miWcHb?r? mm* (ik* the peper H " (bi Mm* in edvaaoe; end ten *t twenty. < fee wtnfUio, not teeeiviag their peper* in town. *Mf pay n rear's subscription with ten , dollars. In sapanoo. t* A yoar'annbscription always doe in adraner. Papers net diiouatianad tonhmt subscriber* in artoaro. * i-4da*rMa*aasnfoaotose*sding 16 linos inserted far en* dollar the first time, and fifty eents each jMeequeal time. . For insertion* at interval* of j( two weeks 7S sent* after the firat, and a dollar if the intsrral* are longer. Payment doe in * sitanbe Barfidrsttiaamenta. When the number t< of in*s*tlan* la net marked on the espy, the (? advertisement viM ha inserted, and charged till ? A VI tTTke postage must be paid on letters to the ? editnr en the hnaineea of the office: *?waern>*>sw*#$,. i! Pram the Western Farmer and Gardener. Cl AX ESSAY Olf THE IMPOSTAXCiE OP LIME Q IX SOILS.?KO. I. j| ST DA*ICS UarilAM, Civil. BMUINEKR. W # ^ Tlte fnrnt on which tny father reside*, ^ in Champaign county, in this Slate, lies ^ in one of those lienutiful glades branch- m ing off northwardly from the main valley of King(s Creek, a large tributary ofM Mad river. We camo into possession of n ? phrt of the present farm in 1630. Pre- j vious to that timo this part had been Q * croft" for many years with corn, wheat, . ftr., without any regard to n rotation of o* the addition of niunure, until the acii had liccomo almost exhausted, or worn ont,hy this constant drain upon its resources. Since it has (icon in our possession it has been dividml into rectangular fields, of nearly equal ares, and tho ?? four crop" system has been pursued in tho cultivation throughout, until each field has M st least one crop of clover ploughed into the soil, and several ?l I ^ them have had two crops of clover. Very little stable manure has been used ; I Hit whatever else the farm afforded, such as thfate straw, cornstalk*, weeds, dec., have . been added fe the soil aa manure. Some ft#' nprimnita have been made with gypsa m, and a Is# with leached ashes, but Co no great extent?sufficient, however, to show the benefit which clover derives from the applicaton of tltese substances. T>? experiment was likewise made of the Application of Dp?Mn to Indian corn, by Wttiti a small quantity in each hill at ?ho tins* of itUsCiiig, without producing ( any wwibh ?d?ct on the corn;?lm< two # ymmtm oftorwards, wlten <k- same field hod boon hud down in clover, the place* y olm* the gypsum bod lieen applied to j the corn, became very conspicuous hy the g greater luxuriance and increased height , of the cfover at time places. . Although by this system of management there has been an evident improvement in the fertility of the soil, on tins part of the farm, since we have occupied it. Still it cannot lie called fertile, as it * will not raise good wheat, ami corn crops a are below an average both in quantity and quality. Oats and barley seem lodo ? hatter than corn or wheat; hut it is necessary that the soil should be rendered at ill Wire productive before wo can expect to realize much profit from it. lie. apairing therefore ef restoring fertility tiiy the means heretofore pursued, it lias bean un object of constant enquiry and research with me to ascertain the licst mods of increasing the productiveness sad fertility of this part of the farm.? ri The first step ia the improvement of any " noil, ia to olAain nn accurate analysis of ' to componeat ingredientn. Accordingly ~ 1 wot n ?|ieciiMn of the soil, taken from , ft bo middle of ft cultivated field, to my ? friend, Dr. J. L. Kiddell, whilst lie was employed in making a geological survey r wf the northwestern port of the State; and by careful analysis he found that 100 ? grains contained the following substances: . Water, .0 grains. Organic matter, - . 3 ** 1 Bilicious . . 80 ** Aluminous ** 8 " Per .oxide of iron, . 3 * 'r t? ?* r,' P. 1 Total, 100 " ? Hh liLowinn Iliai iiu. miiU iu>I '' to do tec ted in this soil: and tto amount n ??f saline matters was inappreciably small, lie fbrther states that the soil seems to ? tie n sediment from turbid mater. It has udnttlVy i'darfc hrnwn, Or reddish brown a cdldr, Consists of rather fine particles, a and exhibits to the naked eye numberless glimmering grains of sand.* Having procuicd the foregoing anafy. ' ai* the neat step in this inquiry wan tu ( ascsrtaip which of the component parts * of the soil required to Imj increased or di? misishod, fr whstlier any other sulwtan- ^ w?jraro Tfl?|wi?wa 10 n mhmhi tn order m? im rim link fertility ?f the noil. TIm pro. ? tMntion of Itiifc impri*y led 1110 into (be / filifelli Mid etmeet inexbountiblc eob- '' fat* M egtieulforel cliemintry ; end (he ' p?#rt> of Oorvt Chnptol, R tiffin, end pro- * fefetfb Hitchcock, mn?, Jecknon, Lie- 11 t. mi . i r< ' $c? Riddcir* i^coli^ictl Report to the Gen. " AiKinUj of Ohio.' ' 1 SBhdtfltL 'r ijr< A t>l :i'.t !>*<.< >**& yl ulfWtM !.im Astm '.? ?v?-n<}? ^ 1 :\^t K/*0 Hun;* bit* (fiWino.'J i i 1 igaegg3gs=g CHERj eenBSRBSnBEE9E99Bn99ri fj.;o :<ui ,[} .! if, and several others, have kp?? connHed during any investigations. AH fertile eoile throughout the known oriel, are composed essentially o( the f 5 . mowing mgreuranii Water, by absorption. Humus, decomposed animal and vegeible matter. Silicioue matter, or sand. Aluminous matter, or clay. Calcareous matter, or lime. Magnesia, manganese, and oxide or -on, are likewise frequently fuund in iiU; but they are not deemed essential > Fertility; and in certain states of comination with other substance^ may be ither injurious or beneficial to the growth f plante. The greatest degree of fertility which is possible for any soil to attain, may e prekfaced by a proper Admixture in er'tain proportions of the fiVe-substan. ca alNive named ; but the proportions f the various ingredients may lie infinely varied (avoiding extremes in any nu substance,) and still the soil mny lie ecmcd fertile ; hut, nevertheless, there i a limit beyond which the fertility of u ail cannot be carried. What the exact roportions arc, and what degree of adlixture and combination of the particles re requisite, to obtain tlio greatest prouctivencss, has never yet been precisely scertnincd; and in order to form some dca of this point, it is useful to have reoursa to the analysis of soils of acktiowldged fertility and prductivencss. Professor Charles T. Jackson, in his rport on the Geological survey of Rhode sland, has given the analysis of ninetyMir different cultivated soils, taken from arious localities in nearly all parts of the tate. and in eighty-nine of thoiu, lime r?i present ns one of the ingredients, (electing, promiscuously, the results of j:<t. . :i. r_ .1 >.li < l _ Pll UIIIVRJm IHMin, irivill tliu IHIIIUQ III IIIC jeological rpjvirt, and making an average, re find that the proportions of the five seen tin I ingredients composing the soils, re, in 100 grains, as follows : Vater, .... 2.0gra:ns. lunras, .... 5.0 M lilicious matter, (soluble,) - 3.5 ** lilicious matter, (insoluble,) 85.0 44 Uuminous mutter and iron, 3.5 ? Calcareous " (salts of lime,) 1.0 44 .1 Total, 100.0 44 A cultivated alluvial soil, taken from lie banks of I lie Mississippi, 100 miles Isive New Orleans, gave the following esalts by analysis of 100 grains : Vater, * 3.9 gr*. I urn u.% .... 3.0 ? lilicious matter, - . 81.4 44 llumiiious mutter and iron, 7.0 44 Calcareous 44 [salts of lime,] 2.8 44 Total, 08.7 44 The analysis of 100 grains of dried oil from the hanks of the Nile in Egypt, , soil celobrated from the remotest antipiity lor its luxuriant vegetation, nfibrdd tlie following results . Water, ... 0.00 Humus, ... 0.90 Silicious matter - - 47.39 Aluminous 44 32 10 Calcareous 44 2.02 Iron ... 11.20 Total, 99.01 Tlte following is an analysis of a very ich soil from llntavia. The analysis 'as made by Mr. Henry Sumner, of Bos>n, under the direction of Prof. Jackson. -100 grains of this soil yielded, Vater of absorption, . 7.8 grs. lumus, .... 24.9 44 >ilieious matter, . . 43.0 44 .luminous 44 . . 14.8 ? Calcareous 44 [phos. and ere. tiMIf* nf liirM* 1 _ O n u 'j - - * " " iir-oxidn of iron, - - 7.9 ? lagncsia, - - - 0,3 ? Total, 100.7 " The foregoing analysis of some of llie iohI fertile aoils of tho world, will serve i instruct us auto the nature and amount f different mutters that ought to I hi in* reduced into a given sod, in order to snder it more fertile. It is not expect* d that this will be done at n single oper. lion ; hut it is important that we nliould now the propor courso of improvements, nd then we can gradually eflccl them, ccording to our mcans.f By making a comparison between the ssults of the foregoing analyses of oil* ivatcd soils remarkable fur thoir great srtility, and I ho constituent parts of our nil in Champaign county, wo at once iscovor a Unking difference in the total btcnce of lime in our soil, an well a* a cticiency in tho proportion of humus, or rganic matter. The euin of ilio sili. ioua and aluminous matters in each be. tg very nearly the same. It is, there. >r<>, highly probable that an artificial ddition of the rcuuisite proportion of ino tiiid organic matter to our noil, w ill jsfore its fertility, and render it equal to t JackuMt'D Report on RhoJc I.UaJ. * i $ ijf iSfe"; J * "}P$ Lr:<VM?iifoVlW i ?l _' I lil?V i.. U ,ili? .?Vul :>! vwmmjntr VW. SOUTH-CAHOLINA ' " ->? . :>.u ct >4 ;. -T,.') to?. "? '' .! ?>: * .~j J, i /' .".inmtt+i if the general average ol the soils above no-led* But there are other considerations whiek reader it still more probable .that the deficiency of lime and organic mot. ter is tho principal, if not the eols cause of the unproductiveness of our aoik~Tltese considerations I ahall proceed te notice. If tlicro is any one principle settled in agriculture, it is thut sumo convertible salt of lime is essential to the fertility of soils, and that certain crops cannot be raised upon a soil destitute of liiqe.? When we consider the most favored gruin regions of tho earth, it cannot fail to be remarked, that the soila. are invariably charged with a notable proportion of lime. On the other hand, we note that where the soil is deficient in this re^icct, such crops are invnriably meagre, blighted, and unprofitable. A soil destitute of time, may produce straw, but't can never yield grain! It is an important question, nl present much discussed, whether salts of lime are essential to the nourishment of certain | cereal grains, and whether tlie amount1 of calcareous matter is diminished in a soil by raising upon it sueccssivo crops. It is evident, since all vegetables contain lime in their constitution, that if they ure raised on and removed flrom the noil after their growth, a certain proportion of the salts of lime must be abstracted. No I one, I presume, will in modern times contend that plants create any elementary sulistuncc. If thoy contain lime they must have drawn it from the soil, or from the manures that have l>ccn sprout' ujron it. One hundred grains of the ashes of the grain of wheat were analyzed hy Sir H. Davy, and ho obtained 44.5 per cent, of the earthy phosphates, chiefly phosphate of lime. The itxlirs nf tho nlrniv nf wlmiil contain six per cent, of the phosphite, and. one per cent, of the carbonate of line; In. dinn corn contains the phosphate tf lime, its ashes yielding no leas than thirty-six per rent. Clover contains the sulphate of lime; and nearly all the plants known, contain a small proportion of calcareous matter.% It is therefore proven lieynad all doubt, that LtrtR, in some of its various formsf is an essential ingredient in all fertile soils: ?-frst* from the fact that it is almost uni. venmlly present in the most productive soils throughout tlie world ;?second* from the fnct that nil known plnnts contain more or less calcareous mutter it some form ns nn essentia! constituent. It is likewise proven that liinc, in some of its forms must be continually alwtrac. ted from the soil, by the constant growth and removal of those plants which contain in their constitution any no'ahlc proportion of the salts of limo ; and Itcncc it may tie inferred, that by canrtant cropping, the lime contained in (lie soil will in lime become exhausted ; and unices it Im again added artificially to the soil, it will become incapable of producing those plants which contain any considerable : l!?.? TLI- a I!t-? |r? wj/tii i miii ut Ills iaci IS IIKCWISC proven liy universal experience, in (he cultivation of wheat, Indian corn, clover, and other plants containing in their con. stitution, time in large proportions. Until very recently, it had not been suspected that any soil was wholly destitute of calcareous mutter; and more especially noils resting immediately on lime stone formations. Indeed, most of tho writers on agricultural chemistry, by the manner in which they have (rested of soils, and their constituent parts, wsuld induce their readers to infer the general presence, in very lurge proportions of this ingredient, in all soils. Mr. Kdinund It tiffin, of Virginia, was perhaps the first to discover the general absence of this substance in nil soils which are naturally unproductive, lie states that in 1817, when first attempting to analyze soils, it wus with surpriac and some degree of distrust, that lie found most specimens ticstilule of calcareous earth. And after re ^4. j j-!-!. - - jnmicu irinix, innue Willi grcut CilfO mid accuracy, ho concludes Hint no naturally poor noil [below tlio falls of Clio ri vera in Lower Virginia] contains the smallest proportion of carbonate of lime. After having made extensive experiments, on both rich and poor soils, from various parts of the country, Mr. Rodin arrives at the following conclusions ; ? That all calcareous soils are naturally fertile and durable in a very high degree."?And, " That r.ll soils, naturally poor, arc entirely destitute of calcareous earth." It, then, can scarcely he denied, [continues Mr. Kuflin,] that calcareous earth , must lie the cause of fertility ?if the one I f.liltM (if Uiilii. nnil ikn ivnnl a!" it y < * ?.?w ?? Wl % |'l I he poverty of tho other. Qualities that always thus accompany each other cannot lie otherwise than rauxe and rffrcl.? But howover deficient the soils in some parts of Virginia may lie in calcareous matter, many persons will be surprised to 1 Jackson's Report. b Kuftin'b E?mj. * Atormrnvsi -" 1' . . . , " )l". 'i i i i. , . TUESDAY, JANUARY ] ===3=s============as!S!tsBfea learn, that a large proportion of the toil$ of Ohio art likewise destitute of tikis essential ingredient. In the mond (iQAlogical Report of OImo? Dr. Loeke -states (bat tliu soil foffiml by the disintegration of the underlying limestone formations, in the southwestern parts of the state, docs not contain at the surface so much lime as we should I anticipate; and rarely, if ever, where un'disturberi, does it effervesce or foam with acids. On the tojw of the hills around Cincinnati!, the loam lies seven to nine feet deep, before any atones nrc mineled with it, and this loam is not rfferv^.xr.i j with acids. The vegetable acids,, (observes Dr. | Locke,) which exist in the natural juices | of plants, liecomc saturated with lime as I | iltifV iMtua llir/merli at oml fitrnk oolnKlo I -??-?jr i?| *i??m ?v? ?i? nviiMfiv saIIn, ^vliich are wnnhed away by the ruin*. 'IVoo causes, operating for ages, have evidently bloodied tlio surface, especially on the table lands, till, in my opinion, there is ?n absolute want of calcareous matter. II' this is the fact, the clay-marl, found every where botween the layers of rocks, would he a beneficial manure; and burnt slaked lime would tie still more useful, and would undoubtedly renovate the wheat and grass lands, which on the table lands, arc to some extent worn out. In a previous Geological Report of Ohio, Dr. Kiddull says, the bottom lands near the mouth of the Big Miami, are in some places destitute of carbonate of lime. The diluvinl soils of the extensive plains of Champaign and Logan counties, as I learned from frequently repented experiments, arc usually destitute of carbonate of lime. I have olten noticed, by repeated observation, while travelling north in Ohio, thut tho inner tracts of all large plains, whether tho margins are bounded by hills of limestone or not, present a soil in which carbnoatc of lime cannot be detected. Between Clarksvillo and Springfield, tho noil docs not often contain any appreciable amount of carbonate of lime. Near Upper Sandusky I tried with acids, portions of the upland soil from several places, but no carbonate of lime was indicated. Neither would tho black mould effervesce, when submitted to the same experiment. The soil about Monroe, in Huron county, docs not effervesce with acids; and would probably admit of improvement by the application of calcareous manure. || Farmers of the West! We beg of you to reflect upon thuso facts. Is it true, that your farms contain little or no lime or calcareous cnrlli? A lip's worth of nitric acid, poured upon the soil, will inform you. Is it also true, that the presence of time in some of its forms, is essential to the proper growth and pcrfec lion of nearly every vegetable known, and more especially of those that are cultivated and used as food for man and animals? If you should not be convinced of this font, from the brief considerations above given, read the invaluable works of Davy, Cnnptal, and many others, on agricultural chemistry. And should you succeed in convincing yourselves of these important truths as I have dono, you will naturally inquire, Wltnt is to he done to remedy this defect in our soils ? In the next number, I propose to aid you in your researches for the proper remedy, as well as to otTer some further and more important facts and reasons upon the necessity of the applica'ion of calcareous earth to poor and exhausted soils. (To be continued.] TNK ritOPRK CULTIVATION OP, AND ANNUAL CHOI'S FOR PKACH ORCHARDS. To the Editor of the Farmers' Register. During the last twenty some odd years, n communication has been almost annually going the rounds of agricultural pa|?ers the production of a worthy man and a' zealous, enterprising agriculturist of Pennsylvania, a Mr. Collar, on the subject of cultivating Iho peach tree. Many years ago I determined on the cultivation of that fruit, with n view to distillation and tho fabrication of brniuly ; hut, be lore my orchard had become productive, as the result of observation and much serious reflection, I determined that, next to original sin, ardent spirits was the greatest curse on earth ; nnd, theretore, determined to tind some other outlet for my littlo portion of industry and enterprise, less objectionable. Tossing through Virginia and North Carolina about the same tiine, 1 found to my agreeable surpriso that, us an article in Iho production of animal J'ood, Iho pencil, if judiciously selected, and managed, was not excelled, when every thing was tuken into view. I found, however, that the method suggested by Mr. Colter was opposed to a judicious nnd economical management of both fruit and soil. About the Inst of July, I found my littlo orchard cultivated on this gentleman's plan perfectly prostrated?the trees lapnivl ?? ll urn* ? * ' r? -- | ?; " 6" ?SM "?",,u (he loud of I'ruil lying on (ho ground, pur( among (ho grits* and weed*. For, (o give (ho soil (hut degree of cultivation necessary to keep it clean, wm impossible. 1 became still further satisfied, from facta before mc, (hat the ground umongst fruit trees canaol be kept too loose, or too || Riddcll'i, Uudngical IUport mnpy in i 10 ^ jyWKaey l>#lf $$ Q^oi ; t-?. Mio:: 711 <11^1 *? rn "?' *<? M?fl Jrr A : lfl "' 1 >' II Ml i I I ' | 'j Tito T.!>. . Hi"-! .Yicwiiiii. ; 10. 1843. tl .*?. . ?< M' . (J I k IYJ - * ' c J i!1'.'"1' char of (ran and wood*. I determined, | kivtvivicf iiHit auuia ainviipriiinK crnp mint bo round and annually cultivated among my fruit tree* to ilurttre good fruit, and abundant crop*, a* abo hating tram. In ieleetiqg this crop to carry out my plan, which was to raise the poach for the production or pork, I Found that aome of the pea tribe, after the IreM arrive it the bearing state, and I ho potato, proWoqiir, wore the only plants unobjectionable; and I found in this section of the Union varieties of both, fully answering my views, coming to full maturity, it the peaches began to ripen in June. I found a pea that produced admirably, and evon under the trees, running up their bodies, spreading through the limbs and bearing wetland uninjurodby thowinterrains. And,bere I will add, aa the result of nt> slight experience, thst, notwithstanding the peach tree-is so highly benefitted by etirnng the earth around its mots, to produce the best effect it must be done only in the fall, wintor, and in the spring after the blossom is off. And, to sottle this part of the subject, as far as regards ray practice. I will state, that as soon as the vines of the potato or pen cultivated in tha orchard, are sufficiently rotton to turn under with tlio bnr-sharo, the first ploughing takes pliice, the next previous to planting, and the lust on the cultivation of the crop.? t ana fully satisfied thnt the roots of the tree require to be kept cool and at rest (w hen the tree is in tlio bearing state) the balance of the summer, for which the on. Iv two crops I can admit are admirably calculated. The little bunch potato comes to maturity with us in June, and produces admirably. The vine hardly runs, but covers tho earth with a mass of leaf and short vine. Not wishing to take up too tnuch of your valuable celumns, I will continue the subject in other numbers. Cultivator. Alabama, 1st Sept. 1840. drv mka8urks of cafac1tv. To the Editor of the Farmer*' Register. Very few things are more useful in house-keeping than such articles. Yet, I believe, it 'may truly be said, that very few if any families are provided with more than one or two uf litem; say, a half-bushel, which rarely agrees with the standard, and something called a quart-can, together, perhaps, with one which is supposed to contain a pint. These last, how. ever, are always of the wine measure size. Consequently, every one who receives any article measured by them?-meal or flour, for instance?loses very nearly'ten cubic inches in every quart which he purchases, there being that difference between tho wot and tlio dry moasure quart. But this is not the worst of iI; for I believe that almost all, probably all the measures we mako for ourselves, (if indeed we make any,) of a smaller size than the half-bush, el, such as the peck and half-peck measures used in our mills, are graduated from the tin quart-cans which we pur. chnse from tho tin-shops, and never think of examining so as to ascertain what they contain. I know not what is the cause of this carelessness and neglect, unless it bo that most house-keepers are either too lazy, or too ignorant of common arithmctic to direct the making of their own measures, especially in a round form, and ka Iaiiva thnmaplvai anftmlir wilhnut in,. J - J Bui be this as it may, 1 have thought that ( might perhaps ronder nn acceptable service to aome of our agricultural brethren, as well as to othors, by furnishing them with the dimensions of boxes nearly square, which would contain tho following quantities: a bushel, half-bushel, peck, half-peck or gallon, half-gallon, and quart ?barrel (of 5 bushels) and half-barrel. All these can easily bo made by any common enrpenter, who can use the ordinary tools of his vocation, and can procure a smnll quantity of very well seasoned plank of some wood which is least linblo to shrink or to swell. You, my good sir, and many others know, that no inensure of capacity can be mado with absolute accuracy, for reasons with which it is needless here to trouble your readers in general, and 1 shall therefore omit them. But thu fractions in the measures here given, are quite near enough for all coinn on purposes, as all of thcin coiuo within n very few perls of a cubic inch of containing the exact quantities which each is designed to conlain. None are in use of greater accuracy. TV u intensions. A box 1G in. by 1G.8.tenth* and 8 in. deep will contain a standard bushel, or 2150 cub. inches 4 tenth*.* A box 12 in. by 11 2-trnths and 8 in. deep will contain a half-bushel, or 1075 cub. inch 2 tenth*. A box 8 in. hy 8.4 tenths nnd 8 in. deep will contain ono peck, or 537.6 cub. in. A box 8 in. by 8 and 4.2 tenths deep will contain half a peck, or 268 cub. in. 6 tenths. A box 5 in. hy 5.6 tenths and 4 in. deep will contain half a gallon, or 134 cub. in. 4 tenths. A box 4 in. by 4 and 4 2-tenth* in. deep will contain one ausit. or 67 cuh. in. 2.tenth*. A box 24 in. by 16 and 28 in. deep will contain a barrel, or 10752 cub. in. A box 24 in. by 17 nnd 14 deep will con* TIicm calculation* arc for a but-hcl of 33 quart*. The S. Car. Ac JN. Car. bushel U nearly 40 quail* >* I'jr.eV? ?olrniil?n otto<!b tuTT J V ,:ib)?; -.6t; itiii 'lo "iT>liBl>pil)f ??*'t ^ \ , ?nr* w!v ,l'.>vi?m*v{ ?! Mio 'i ?h . ? \ \ j^n 'id infforne ijf) * no*' \ * I I I* ?>! itw-; b ; ?f? wlrtem ?* \\ i. i ' . v ! ,!> i--j ?i 1 I'" t V 11*. x. -4vmiliw mu? ?;>I i"i I'mea?AiM jtu * ,f?v*4M.*i j; -??;In > r , /yfc JiV'tr l(rt NUMBSR 9 ;'1?1 1111 11111 juyi tain half* b4Mf,?r?tH^ft. t' "" "M If thoee wbe may #Ui 4 Roiwf iwiamM nblch if# iMrte't# flMip4 in an? book tfttff ?*?? em eee^tWT# tycopythem i. their peek*.I iliijWil AjiirrtumMmiiIiiii JyLj they may alwa?a bp mMM' afcft directions for mefchm thin#. #ttiM ?* trouble of re ferri ng to yew Register. t venture to giv# tilt# 8*c#w6t I know, by fcng experience, lat merry df u? will rather go without any Wftnailk# we may want, then eah t h# slope *Fter book in which wo or# ?iKu#k lw? bo found. Such ia tho ?w ?ssrftm--4Rv highly culpnhlo neth) torpor of (hoMMt^e among us. who will moko Ml oJfert to 96rroet this ahnmnftii fecit, ohhsugh ddS\y sensible of its existence, ond very Iroqwohfly suffering, not only inconvenience, Mft considerable injury from its injwohoo. I llut I Mint fetbeer lo morel iso Mhsrtb such s subject, loot oomo of yourwdtinuV readers mey occuoo mo of ** tnrollio| en# of tho record" farther than need how I will therefore cow#h>do with renewed #9surenccs that 1 shift over nmh yotw. Very oincecely. JAMBS M. Garxbtt. RErtHT OX TUB VlltAWM. Letter from the Secretary of the IVMNsyntkr etate of the Fiaanere. Tiwsuit D?r>i i nan i. Dee. IS, IMS. Sir : In obedience to tho direction of tho net of Cnngreooof Itie 10th May,MRfe ontitled *An net supplementary to thar act entitled * An not to ootablish the Treasury Deportment,'" and nn not entitled *' An act to establish the fiscal year," fee. approve J the 26th August, IMS, the flowerets ry of the Treeeury respectfully eub mita tho following report: /.?Of the public revenue ami expendithmi Tl?o balance in the Treasury ee tbs 1st Jan'y, 1842, (exclusive of the mount deposited with the states^ trait funds, and indemnities.) was ?230,461*68 Tim receipts into the Treasury dating the first three qaartcre of the preeent year amount to $96,614^83178 Viz Plain eustoeia filtJIBLRlt u. From lands 1,091,636 95From auaocllansosa " ic incid'l sources 112,967 17 From Tr'y notes per act Feb. IS, 1461 1J086JM6 66 From do. do, per -.it ' est Job. 31,1846 ".TTI.BB1 St . From loan of 1841 and 1842 2?66,198 61 The receipts of the fourth quarter. it is estimated, will amount to |7J86JS# 69 Vb\ From customs 4,000,600 09 From lands 368,000 00 From miscellaneous &. incid'l so or oss 90^666 09 fnim tr?.-.a.. n enn aaa ?a From loan 1,000,000 00 Making the total estimated receipts for the year 70 And with the balance in the Trenmiry on the first of January laat, an aggregate of #>4,733,077 46 The expenditure for the fint thee* quarter* of the presont ynar hare amounted to #36,964^03 30 Vix:? Civil list, foreign in. tercourae, fo naisecUaaeous #4^71,933 93 Army-fortification*, pensions, fulfil, inent of Indian treaties, suppress. ;1| ing Indian hostilities, foe. 7,065,036 95 Naval service 6,717,064 17 Treasury notes redeemed,including inl?rrS IBOllMVt f(Vwv^v/v mm I'ublic debt, including interest on low 354,137 80 The expenditures fee the fpsrth quarter, are estimated: from data furnished by the respective department* M38^7?1S Via Civil, foreign intercourse, and miscellaneous,[ including the amounts duo to states for distribution of the sales of public lands, &. amounts duo to Mississippi dc. Alabama, unA ?i -f a?t A ?"Vi avtui 1841,J 2,144,013 97 Army,fortification*, pension*,fufilmcot of Indian treaties, suppressing Indi. an hostilities, tw.. 3,710,436 45 Naval service 1JB28.385, IS Interest on loan 152.442,66 Unclaimed dividends 3,000 00 _ . Principal und interest on Treasury notes 400,000 00 To which add outstanding war- . rants issued prior to Jan. 1,1842, 805,474 03 Making $35,308,634 38 Leaving a deficiency in the Treaaury on 31?t Doc., 1813, of $575.55* 9ft ,* * -