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VOLUME VIII. CHERAW. SOUTII-CAROLINA, TUESDAY, DECEMBER 6, 1842. NUMBER 4.
- ... 1 gggasae*
By M. MACLEAN.
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iCTThe postago must be paid on loiters to the
editor on the business of tho office.
_? ? :
HIGH CULTIVATION MOST PKOiTTABLE.
The following is nn extract from a let.
terof E. Phinney, Esq. published in the
transactions of the Essex Agricultural
Society. Thousands of acres in this
country aro in annual cultivation, the
^ fertility of which has been so exhausted,
that the product will not pay for the first
ploughing. To continue to work without
improving them is the height of folly.
By reducing the quantity, and conccntra.
ting the manure, the same yield might
be obtained with half the force, and a
good profit made, where labor is now
thrown away. But how fur is this system
to be carried ? How much money
should m farmer lay out upon one acre be.
fore he begins to improve another? This*
will of course depend upon situation and j
circumstances. In the neighborhood of!
a city, where land is high, and a ready j
market afforded for vegetables, many of j
which can be crowded into a small space, j
it may be advisable to spend A hundred j
dollars upon the improvement of an acre.
But to a farmer in the interior, whose
land costs him eight or ten dollars an
acre, we should sny? divide it between two
or three. It is more likely that thirty bar- (
rels of corn will he obtained from three (
. ... r ,i.r
acres, man iwemv iruin une, * uc inference
will more than pay for (he extra (
work. i
An ounce of fact is worth a pound of i
theory, and notwithstanding ail wo have
seen and read of ?* extraordinary yields,"
we have observed, that your steady, prosperous
farmer, was generally your six or '
eight barrel man. When you hear of j
one who has made *4 nt the rate" of fifteen j
or twenty barrels to the acre, it is gene- j
rally done upon the tenth of an acre ; if j
effected upon a larger scale, and the cost
is counted, the o.xperiiucnter is ready to
exclaim with Pynrhin*, "one such achievement
more, and I am undone." Wc of
^ course refer to those products obtained
by imparting artificial fertility to worn-j
out land.
There is certainly a stopping point of j
expenditure per acre, and we believe, in i
a greater part even of our poor land, that |
it is a long way this side of a hundred
dollars. Nevertheless, wc shall ho glad
if Mr. Phinncy's observations shall have
the effect of stimulating our farmers to the
true point ; there is no great danger, yet
awhile, of their going beyond it.
So. Planter.
The question is often asked, How enn
Ko ftmrlo nrnfitubie ? I answer.
mining j-- by
liberal manuring, deep ami thorough j
ploughing, and clean culture. I will venture
to affirm, without fear of contradiction,
that no instance can be cited, where
a farmer who has manured his grounds
highly, made a judicious use of the
plough, and cultivated with care, has failed
to receive an ample remuneration for
the amount invested?nnv, more, that has
not received a greater advance upon his '
outlay than the average profit derived
from any other business. One great difficulty
is, that most farmors seem not to
be aware of the fact, that the greater the
outlay, to a reasonable extent, when skilfully
applied, the greater will be the profit; I
they, therefore, manure sparingly, plough !
shallow, and the consequence is, get poorly
paid for their labor. This has raised a
prejudice and given a disrelish to the business
of farming, especially among those j
who are in the habit and arc desirous of'
realizing something n ore from their occu. j
pa I ion than a naked return of the amount |
I
expended.
The farmer who is so sparing of his !
manure that he can get but thirty bushels j
JP of corn from an acre, gets barely enough i
to pay him for the expense of cultivation; I
and in addition to this, by tho ordinary !
method of ploughing, his field, at each j
successive rotation, is deteriorating, his I
crops becoming less, and in a few years |
he rinds ho must abandon his exhausted
and worn-out fields, to seek a subsistence j
for himself and family in some other bu- j
sincs8,'or in some other region, where the ;
hand of man has been less wasteful of the
bounties of nature.
Instead then of his scanty manuring of
ten cart loads to the acre, which will give j
him hut thirty bushels of corn, let him ap. j
ply thirty loads. This additional twenty
loads ?t the usual price of manure in tins
* -' . . .?! . i : . I
i-r.Hui nit :ou?|jrv, v jii mm
i
dollars. But he now, instead of thirty |
bushels of corn, gets sixty bushels, and i
the increased quantity of stover will more j
than pay for the excess of labor required j
in cultivating and harvesting the large I
crop over that of the small one. fie has I
then added thirty bushels of corn to his |
crop by means of twenty loads of manure, j
which at the usual price of one dollar per I
bushel, pays him in the first crop for his i
extra outlay. His aero of land is laid to
grass after taking offthecorn, and the effect
of his twenty loads of additional manuring,
will be to give him, at tho lowest
*' '1 ? -tnna nf hnv in I
estimate, mrcc uuuiuuuai ,u?o v. ...
the three first years of mowing it, worth
fifteen dollars a ton standing in tho field.
Now look at the result. His thirty dol- ,
lars expended for extra manuring was
paid for in the first year's crop, and at the
end of threo years more ho will have re*
ceived forty-five dollars profit on his out.
lay of thirty dollars: and in addition to
this, his land is improved, and in much
better condition for a second rotation.?
There is no delusion in this. It is a prac- 1
tical result, of tho reality of which any far- <
mcr may satisfy himself, who will take I
the troublo to try the experiment. I
From no item of outlays can the farmer j
derive so ample and so certain u profit, as j
from his expenditures for manure to a ccr- ,
tain extent. This has been most stri- (
kingly verified by some of our West Cambridge
farmers. It is not uncommon
among some of our farmers in that town,
to put on their grounds one hundred dol.
lore* unrih nf mnnnro to the acre, and in i !
more instances than one, the gross sales '
of produce from ten acres under the 5
plough, have amounted to five thousand <
dollars in one season. This is the result <
of high manuring and judicious cultiva- r
tion of a soil too which is exceedingly poor i
and sandy. ,
" (
From the Farmers' Cabinet. {
I
COOKING FOOD FOR STOCK. j <
At length a duo regard to the impor-( (
tance of cooking food for stock seems to '
he uwakoning up amongst us, and many '
me the inquiries for the best mode of con- I
ducting the process?whether by steaming j
or boiling?as also for the beat and most r
convenient and economical apparatus for ;
the purpose. Steaming has generally
obtained the preference in the estimation f
of those who have boon cogitating on the .
O ??
subject, but I am inclined to believe that
when it becomes gonerally practised, boiling,
will be preferred, and chiefly for these j *
reasons:?first, all articles may be prop- '
crly and eavily cooked by boiling, but not I I
by steaming?witness cabbage, men', and j I
the flesh of animals, that might often he j ?
devoted as food for hogs, under circum *
stances that would not warrant its use for ;
man. And, second, the water in which t
these and all other articles are boiled will ,
he found to contain a very large portion i
of their essence : consequently, it ought r
to be retained for use; the opinion that r
k*. ??>? in u/liioh uritiitoes have bcon
uiu n aivi hi ? ^v?
' (
boiled is deleterious, being without foun
r ^
dation. And in this a quantity of meal
should always be boiled lor the whole of c
the time the operation is going on, when, '
at the end, the soup will be of greater irn- s
portance, as an article of food, than any 4
steaming could be nude to produce?the '
dead carcass of h sheep, for instance, with ?
a dozen large heads of cabbage cut fine, j r
and a bushel or two of corn and cob meal ; t
stewed together in a couple of hogsheads j j
of water, until the whole forms an amnl- ,
gain?what could constitute a more lus. (
cious repast to fatting hogs ? and in a proper
apparatus the cooking could be per
formed slowly and effectually for a very
trifling cost of fuel. Then, again, the
cooking of cornstalks?how much better 1
could this he done by boiling, when a small (
quantity of corn and cob meal might be 1
added, and a thick soup prepared that, 1
with a small quantity of cut hay mixed. }
would form altogether the most palatable t
food either for cows or horses. There np. <
pears to me no question which would be <
the best mode of preparing cut food, while I r
those who advocate steaming seem to have ! j
been biassed bv the consideration tnai u ;
# J
is a quicker mode of proceeding. Mr. !
Editor, all our proceedings are marked by j
a hurry that would almost deserve the t
name of recklessness?we cannot be con- i
tent to do a thing well, it must be dono j
quickly and cheaply and often indeed ;
without regard to any other consideration. ;
It is granted that steaming may bo made j
a quicker process, but by properly con. j
structed boilers working in pairs, accord, i
ing to a plan that has been proposed a suf- j
ficient quantity of food for a very large t
stock of cattle and hogs could be prepared r
by a lad of fifteen, the cost of labor being 1 i
more than repaid even by the superior L
quality of manure produced?a consider*- I j
tion which some of our friends might de- i ,
signatc as a trading in trifles?well, be it ! <
so ; 1 am sure that the manure prepared j <
by such a process would be found very I j
essential to the raising of heavy crops. j
I find that Mull's portable cast-iron fur- j f
naces are getting much into vogue for this j'
purpose; they are very convenient and ! J
economical, but it is objected that their |:
egg-shaped bottom robs the boiler of its j 1
capacity, and is not the best fonn toecon- j t
omizefuil. The patent consists in on-' i
closing a common iron boiler in a cast- j <
iron jacket, by which the heat is given out, i
and not retained* as is the case when boil- I r
?-rp nrr set in brick-wurk ; iron being a ,
I
conductor of float?brick a non-conductor.
If, therefore, nny one hnving a boil- |
er were to surround it with a sheet of thin i
boiler-iron bent into circular form and riv- |
eted, leaving a space between it and the
boiler about two inches wide, for the heat |
nnd smoke to pass, and build up hisbricks
against it, he would find a great saving of ^
time as well as fuel to arise from the alteration.
At all events, the cooking of food (
for stock, by some mode or other, ought
to be adopted, by which an additional
profit could bo obtained without an addi- 1
tionnl outlay of capital?an important 1
consideration. '
JOSIAH KENT. 5
? ??^ ~ s
GOVERNOR'S MESSAGE, NO. 1. [
EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT { t
ll^lit'91 UUIIW Ci.u uwii^uuuiivj vii Iiivn
cgiance ; by dignifying and elevating a
ler official stations, (aud thereby improv- 1
ng their opportunities of usefulness,) to r
i standard worthy of the highest intellect,
is well as the most honorable ambition. I
Happily for our interest, the wisdom 0
>f the late legislature has provided the s
nost amp'e and permanent means for im- v
iroving one of these enumerated and es. s
icntial resources of our strength, our a
>eacc, and our security. The now com- c
>lete organization of our militia, accom- r>anied
hy a judicious and intelligible dijest
of all the acts regulating it, together "
vith the restoration of the practical op. y
lortunitics of improvement afforded by f'
he camp drill, hus more than realized M
ts anticipated benefits, and presents us 1
n an attiude of defence, to command the ^
espect of the world. Its influence has ar- *
ouscd the spirit and tiie emulation of our c
ifficcrs, inspired a sense of duty in our c
soldiery, and animated the patriotism and
:onfidcnce in all our people. Built upon
he experience of more than forty years, 0
iince the first organization of our militia a
system?educed from the accumulated 11
abors and opinions of many of our ablest n
ind most efficient officers?the deliberate *
esult of the popular will, and reflected hy n
ho firm convictions of two legislatures, s
t ought to he regarded with a sacred vr. a
leratior, which no supposed perception
if slight imperfections or inconveniences, ~
O '
ihould ever induce us to abandon, or to c
nnovate. I'
.* ? . n
INo scepticism in tnc morals, or patriot- sm,
or capacity of the people for self.gov. e
irnmenf, is more dangerous or unjust, P
han that which depreciates and derides ,s
heir ability for self-defence. If, in the r
lbsenco of all constitutional power to rc- v
ain a standing military force, the States P
?f this Union possess no means but that '
if'a polemical argument to maintain their 9
ights as sovereigns, those rights would c
ndeed he found to he vain, shadowy, and u
inprofitable before the arbitrament of an ri
irmed federal potentate. In our late conest
with federal power, it was not to the a
nere efficacy of its laws, or the sanctity (
)f its ordinances?to the justice of her c
:ause, or the strength of her arguments? l'
>ut to the uplifted arms of her citizens, 0
eady to strike in hor defence, that the ^
?tatc looked at last for protection. And ^
,vere the dangers of the past to recur, or 8
he unfavorable forebodings of the future ^
<> hp realized, it is to the hold henrtsand ^
lerved and disciplined patriotism of the c
nilitia, that South Carolina would again
ippeal, ns the first to feci and to sympa.
hizc for her wrongs, and as the only filially
available source of defending her.
Occupying this important relation to the
State, they have asked and received from '
icr confidence and liberality, the means 1
ind tho opportunities, of acquiring nil the
lccomplishmcnts, as well as performing
ill the toils, of their laborious vocation.
\fo capricious spirit of change?no serv- e
1c deference to popular clamors?no ig- ri
loble homage to party pride or interest? ?
io deluded sense of security...I trust, will 11
jver induce you to revoke it.
It affords me a similar satisfaction, to 0
eport tho favorable condition and ade- 11
juuto rupplv of our arm", arsenals, and ^
Columbia, November 29, 1842. i ^
Fellow Citizens of the Senate, c
and House of Representatives : t
f ? j- c?u r l.~ r
V/OIIIIIIg 113 )Ull UU| IIV9II I I Will HID w
aorn ofihe People, imbued with the high- I
est and latest confidence of your consti- '
tucnts ; guided by an enlightened percep- r
tion of thoir interests, and heedful of the L
aspect of recent events, the occasion may ?
!>e regarded as favorable as it is import. r
int, to invite your attention to some of I
[he means of promoting the weal and pros- d
pcrity of the State and its institutions.
Among the most obvious and the most '
iscful, are, doubtless, an effective prcpar- u
11ion for defence, in our military organ- r
zation and munitions of war ; the diffu- P
don of the advantages of a liberal and n
mlightencJ education ; the improvement i1
if the morals of our people ; the judicious I1
egulation of our currency ; the develop- d
nent of the sources, and an equalization 'i
>f the burdens of revenue ; the encour- e
igemcnt of agricultural industry and im- r
irovement ; and, finally, the attraction f
if the tnlent, patriotism, and aspirations r
>f our citizens, to the performance of the f
. ..I. f I <> n/l /?!?! I rro t i/Mlu f tltAir ill fl
vliicn, in ine nuainineni ?i two (injects ni ?
uch pnmary importance to the safety *
nd prosperity of the State, would nmply f
ompcnsate for the liberal and mumfi. t
ent expenditures which she has hitherto i
icurrcd, in maintaining one only. lam g
lore especially encouraged to hope for s
our co-operation in promoting this view, r
rorn the favorable manner in which it t
/as received by your predecessors?from a
he almost universal approbation of our t
ellow.citizens?and from the very satis, s
iictory success of the short and limited t<
xperimenf, which it was within my offi. o
ial discretion to institute. a
Requiring no additional appropriation a
?supplied as our arsenals now are, with v
fficcrs whose qualifications, both moral ti
nd scientific, fdi instruction or com. a
land, are unsurpassed, if equalled, in o
ny similar institution in the Union?afording
a standard of education, as they r
lay, immeasurably beyond our free
cbools, and inferior only to our college? d
nnually diffusing light and intelligence F
0 more than fifty of our youthful citizens t
-and all this without a single detracting y
ircumstance, either in the safety or the t
reservation of the public arms, or in the t
mount or fidelity of the services render, a
d to the State, I cannot conceive any r
ossiblc objection to the change which it e
1 now proposed to introduce. The expe- e
ience of other States, under great disad- c
antages, and at a very considerable ex. (
ease, has not only conduced to the con. e
inuance of their fostering patronage of g
imiiar institutions, but to the grntifying p
onviction, that they are among the most a
seful and instructive of all their semina* a
ies of learning. a
If U'nnl.i k?? a r?/?i i nrVi In rlnlprminn thfl H
1% "UUIU l/V, VllWUjj I | ?vr WVIVI IMIMW ...? dvantages
of the alterations proposed, t
and which have been partially common. cd,)
to contrast the usefulness of more li
lian fifty of our most promising young a
itizens ; educated in the service of the v
itate, with the ennobling consciousness of fi
aving paid for that education by their tl
erviccs; going abroad under the first c
L-eling of a proud and manly indopen. s
ence, to occupy their high places in so- p
iety ; imbued with a State patriotism, as t<
ie nurselings of her institutions; com- h
ining the enterprise and decision of a o
lilitary character, with the acquirements h
f their scholastic opportunities; disponsrig
knowledge and intelligence through e
II tl?H vocations of life which thev are u
j - I
estmcd to till; and perhaps most useful* | S
i, ?ind appropriately diffusing them, as j c
ie instructors of succeeding generations. S
Vith this view of the effects and influ- P
nee of these institutions upon the morals u
nd happiness, as well as upon the safety ^
f the State, we have but to contrast the !
^discriminate enlistment of many of the e
lost profligate, licentious, and abandoned J t|
f society?men without local attach.1 0
,ients?the indolent, intemperate, and ti
epraved?outcasts from society, and d
munitions of war. Procured at an ex. i
pense to the State of not less than half a <
million, and requiring an annual appro* j
priation of twenty.four thousand dollars, I
or their caro and supervision, as well as ' I
for the indispensable police duties incid. j
ent to a military depot, they necessarily <
occupy an important portion of the soli. I
situde of the Executive, to whose control a
they are almost exclusively subjected.
Under this responsibility, I instituted an t
investigation, to ascertain if no part of i
this annual burden on tho treasury could i
le judiciously dispensed with. Tho re. 1
lult of a minute and dispassionate inquiry S
loon satisfied me of the falacy of this ex. r
lectatiou. A ruinous neglect of arms, t
ordnance, and military stores, to the val. s
je of more than half a million-.the dan. n
jer arising from the neglect or injudicious a
;are of powder, to the amount of more i
han fifty thousand pounds, (with the nd? fc
lition of the entire supply of the city, al. j.
owed by law, and required by the regu. p
ations of council, to be deposited in our v
nagazines)?and the dilapidation and t
lecny of our valuable and co9tly buildings t
vould, of course, ensue, and prove in its c
esults, the most unprofitable of all ays. 1
ems of economy, and could not be regar. a
led as a policy which a people, vigilant t
>f their rights, and provident of the pub. I
ic weal, would approve. The value and
itility of these military institutions, de- c
nonstrated as thev are by time, by ex- f
eriencc, and by emergencies that must h
gain recur, are, however, but secondary v
n their importance, to the necessity of h
iroviding ndequatc protection for their 8
lefence, in the inidst of a population b
ike ours. In either view, not a dollar's c
xponse could be safely or judiciously di. a
ninishec!,...not n supernumerary discliar.
;ed?not a ninn, or an officer, who docs r
lot occupy an important post, and per- t
orm an indispensable duty. And after \
n investigation, conducted in all the zeal t
nd spirit of reform, I am irresistibly led i
o tho conviction, that a wise or prudent r
etrenchmcnt is practically impossible. ti
Under this impression, I have cuntcm. t
dated the expediency of combining the
riginal duties and purposes of these in. f
ti tut ions, with a system of education, a
1 - 1 . f. l! -
sometimes fugitives from justice, whose i
:rimes impel to this last resource for em* |
ployment, whose passions prompt to tho j
first occasion of treachery or insubordina- j
tion, and whoso character, however tern* i
)orari!y subdued by the restraints of discipline,
can never be reclaimed, or fitted
or the duties and obligations of useful cit*
sens.
I should be unjust, howevor, were I not
o add, that there aro manv honorable
' 0 I
md distinguished exceptions to this gene*
al depravity of character and of morals.
iut were tho benefits derived by the i
Jtate, from the former and the proposed
node of performing tho police duties of (
?er arsenals, precisely equal in other re- (
pects, who can hesitate as to tho wisdom 1
ind propriety of adding the advantages of 1
i liberal and moral education, to the mil* '
tnry services which she requires, when
>oth may be nccomplishecaJMi same fx* (
tense? If the education of our indigent ^
K)or be indeed an object commensurate ,
vith the annual expenditure of thirty-six ,
liousand dollars, would it not be unwise |
o omit this opportunity of adding (with- <
>ut burden to the people, or draft on tho i
rreasury, and with the most gratifying <
ssurance of much moro useful results,) |
wenty-four thousand moro, to promote 1
he objects of that benefaction ? (
The discretion now vested in tho Exc- I
utive by law, is deemed sufficient to efectuatc
the arrnngfments to which I
iave alluded. But other legislative pro- '
isionsaro necessary to perpetuate them, ,
eyond the fluctuating contingencies ari.
ing out of Executivo discretion, and per.
iaps, to impart that strength, permaneny,
and dignity, which State confidence
nd patronage always confer.
The interesting reports of the Com.;
nandnnts in charge of those posts, with j
he views of the Adjutant General, are
lerewith submitted, and will be found, I
rust, to furnish that full and satisfactory
nformation, which the enlightoned expeience
and observation of such sagacious
ind competent officers may be supposed
o supply.
The unprofitable use of the annual ap.
)ropriations of the State to establish a
tystem of public instruction, constitutes
mother strong inducement to prosecute
in experiment, which promises, by its
Vuits, to form one exception, at lensf, to
ho hitherto entire ar.d unmitigated fail. ,
ire of all her efforts to educate her indi. i
;ent youth. If the success of these in. 1
titulions should form the basis of future I
md important improvements, which may
>c judiciously extended to our free 1
chools : if thev should sunniv hotter i'
eachcrs from their alumni; if they should j1
uggest higher standards and better sysems
of morals and tuition ; or if they
inly awaken greater nrdor in the people,
nd a warmer interest in our rulers, to
dvance the cause of education ; they
vill achieve more for the weal and honor :
four State, than nil the other labors and
ppliancesofour government could in any
ithcr manner confer.
In the meantime, 1 cannot too seriously
epeat the invocation of my last annual
Jessuge, to remedy some of the glaring
efocts and unprofitable results of our
Vee School system. Is there nothing to
o awaken your attention, or dissatisfy :
our hopes, in the facts, developed by
he statistics of the late federal census,
hat more than twenty thousand of the
dull citizens of this State, havo not even
eceived the advantages of an imperfect
ducatiun ? Is it nothing, that this un.
ducated portion of our population exeeds
that of any other State in the Union
except one), while at the same time our /
xpenditures havo been proportionately
reater ? Is it nothing, that, after an ex.
crience of more than thirty years, and
n expenditure of more than a million and {
, half on Free Schools, their benefits j
houldhave been so unprofitable dispellsd
? that a research into the statistics of
he Stnte exhibits so melancholy a result
?such a blemish on tho age in which wc
ive?so benighted a condition of so large
portion of our population, and so dopraed
and extensive an abuse of tho muniicence
and liberality of the State. I,
hcrefore, respectfully reiterate tho reommendation
of the appointment of a
nn.i
lipCI Vising Ulll^Ci | nnuoc iriouuiu UIIU rA>
erience, after a year's exclusive devotion f
o that subject, will unquestionably enable r
im to present many valuable suggestions 8
n which to base judicious and efficient j J
:gis!ation.
One ol the greatest difficulties hitherto j
xisting to the successful operation of a j ^
niform and practical system of Free i ^
[chords, has arisen from tho infiuenco of : j
limate and population, on the health, re* i r
uirements, and opportunities, of different i (
ortions of the State. In (he interior and ; (
pper districts, the rstablishment cf a j j
ublic school within the square of every six (
nles, would not only be generally prac- : (
icable, but would perhaps be eminently (
xpedient and useful; even if carried to (
he extent of substituting an entire system ,
f education at the expense of the public ' ,
reasury. The causes w hich would rcn*'
cr it inconveniently impracticable on .
i
the scA'board, are loo obvidtis to rtqotra
enumeration. But whilo the obaervmtMM
of a supervising officer would suggest Ike
ordinary correction of many existing
ubuses and defects, his experience may at
the same time enablo him le devise, and
submit to your consideration, some system
more happily varied and accommodated,
to the diversified requirements and cir*
cumstances of every portion of tha State.
He would, indeed, be the greatest of all
benefactors to our age and State, whose
labours and researches should develop#
some mode of rendering the application
of this fund proportionally profitable and
useful. If, in the view of establishing aft
entire and vniform system of public od*?
cation, our State revenue was even
obliged to be increased, at least a third of
its present amount; still, by diffusing its
advantages within the reach of every
man's dwelling and family, it would per*
baps more than compensate for any adds*
lional burdens which it might be eey*.
posed to impose on tho people, by diintn*
ishing the heavy and indispensable
3.xpenses of board and instruction, wbich
necessarily enter into every computation
jf domestic economy ; and which, oppressive
as they are to the rich, operate se an
exclusion of light and knowledge to tho
poor. Even as a question of economy*
therefore, it may perhaps be satisfactorily
demonstrated, that it would produce the
greatest results, wun me least expense,
both to the State ant! (be citixen. And
while, according to our present system of
taxation, its burdens would devolve chiefly
Dn wealth, it would, at tbe tame time,
diminish the contributions, which ara oow
extorted from tho rich, to obtain a more
imperfect erudition abroad, and would
practically extend the benefits of a liberal,
and even of a classical education, within
every man's moans, family, and opportunities.
Thus, would the factitious distinctions
of rank in society be obliterated,
by ihe moral elevation of all clatsee, to
tho same high standard of knowledge and
intelligence. Thus, would tho association
and affinity of ingeniousyouth in theaame
seminaries of learning, reciprocally exercise
a beneficial influenco on tbe minds
and morals of each other, and result in
the formation of a high national and democratic
character and feeling. And thu*
with less expense to the opulent, with no
burthen to the poor, would the blessing# -?
and advantages of the best system ofeducation,
bo universally diffused, to indi.
gence as well as to wealth; from thn
grammar school, to the college; from the
first rudiments of learning, to the latest
and highest developments of science aad
philosophy.
Contrasted with these just causes of
dissatisfaction, as to the benefits and application
of the Free Srhnnl f.m/t
k ? .WW w _w w. W MMf nv Ml mj
contemplate with a pride and gratification
proportionate toils eminentusefulnessand
iuceess, the continued resultcof the libenl
and enlightened patronage bestowed
jpon our College. The most munificent
>f all our State endowments?-the moat
lonorable of all its bencfactiona?the moat
jseful of all its institutions?the moat im)?rishable
monument of its wisdom and
ibcrality?its continued and uninterrupted
career of success and prosperity,
sven amidst the unusual disadvantages of
he present year, cannot but bo a source
)f the most heartfelt gratification to its
official patrons. Adding its annual tribute
of learning to the general intelligence
>f the State?the perennial source of its
itcrature, its erudition, and its eloquence
?contributing its successive generations
>f enlightened youth to commence their
irdent career of usefulness and of honor,
ind to occupy their distinguished placet
n society?we have just reason to exult
n the unabated prosperity which it manicsts,
in the number, the morals, and the
icquirements of its students, and in the
ical, erudition, and judicious management
)f its faculty. Receiving an amount lesa
han half the annual endowment bestowed
>n Free Schools, the benefits of a single
rear; the attainments of a tingle class ;
he acquirements of one only of its ripe
icholars; the fruit of a single one of thoin
rreat minds, whose energies it has deed>ped
; would not only compensate for at!
he patronage which has hitherto been
, i a. L... t ?
ixisnuea 10 n, uui is immeasurably more
valuable to tho State, than the result# of
ill her other benefaction* to advance tbo
irogress of education. Under the recent
icrenvemcnt of a venerated head~conending
with all the embarrassments of a
iro tempore appointment of its presiding
ifficer?an appointment most heavily imlosing
the arduous responsibilities of tho
>ffice, without ita corresponding dignity,
ind authority?it is a subject of joyful
urprLe and congratulation, that its affiurs
mve been so ably and satisfactorily coo*
lucted.
All our projected works of interna! im*
irovement being now in a state of coca*
>Ietion, it dovolvcs upon you to consider
lie means of instituting some permanent
ind necessary arrangement for their ee*
rurity and preservation. Whether the
lutio* hitlierto discharged by the Super*
ntene'ent, may not be devolved, without
ietriment to the public service, on district
Jommissionora, the Comptroller General,
>r the Executive: or whether the inter*
ist of the 8tate in these works c&o&ot be
idvaHtageously disposed of, are tu^jarts
worthy of your deliberations.
Io the Charters of Roa^ Badges,
ind Ferries, usually granted to Compi.