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same spirit by those who are most anxious to promote those interests, a unity of fool ing will exist thronghout tho confederacy, which will afford more stable, nod therefore more real and substantial protection to our own industry than any laws that; mav be passed under occasional and spas- j modic excitements, which will be sure to j intermit with the cessation of the stimulants that produced them. Should the tariff law that has been pas. j sedond received the signature offhePresi-; * ; or. _ : _ ; j prevent a subscription to the stock by; ihose sound and prudent capitalists whose j countenance and whose real wealth can' alone give it vitality. Such men will J never consent to place their property in a ] position to be the sport of ti^j alternate J triumphs and defeats of p^^s. The i chartering u bank under such circuin.' stances would but invite the cupidity of; those who intend to become borrowers: rather than lenders, and who by means of; the irresponsibility of a corporation and ! with the impunity that has marked former ! transactions of similar institutions, would plunder those whose confidence they had j t-' invited but to betray it. / Whatever may have been our opinions j heretofore of the utility of a national hank,! however we may have been compelled to I (.cquicscc in its supposed nec**fcity, the( dent, be louncl in practice 10 umcr m important particulars from the just and liberal principles advanced by him, he will I doubtless be found ready to sanction such J necessary amendments as may ho propos ed by that body, in which the constitution has exclusively vested the authority to j originate and pass revenue hills, 5th. The recommendations of the an- j nual message on the subject of currency j and exchanges next claim oir attention. I After pointing out the necessity of amedi- J iiiti of exchange, approximating to uni-1 formity of value in the different parts of ; the country, the President proceeds to redeem the pledge he had given nt the previous session of Congress, hy submitting the outlinesof a plan for the safe-keeping and disbursement of the public revenue > which shall ut the same time furnish n currency, . and thus indirectly regulate;* exchanges, The limits which I have as-'1 1 aigned to this communication forbid a icpetition of the details of the exchequer J plan as developed in the message and afterward more fully exhibited in the bill I submitted to Congress by the Secretary 1 of the Treasury. . This is the more regretted, because. I j nm confident it has not been sufficiently considered by my fellow.citizens generally, to he thoroughly understood. It i* 1 emphatically tlte plan of the President,!' IT originated and matured bv him, with a 1 single modification introduced on the nd- 1' vice of his Cabinet. It proposes to attain ;J its objects by the application of powers!1 acknowledged in practice to exist in the! Government from its foundation. The ! 1 Treasury Department was instituted for ' the collection of tho public revenue, ii5 (( safe keeping, and its disbursement nc- J ' cording to nets ofnppropriatiun by Con. ' ' gress. Too board of control under t he j4 superintendence of that Department, 1 therefore, was given the inimedintechargo ; I of this business, with authority to cstab. ' Jish agencies, or employ state banks in its ? transactions. To these was added the j 1 power of issuing Treasury rotes to the ' amount of fifteen millions, selling drafts,' < receiving deposits, and purchasing hills ; l>f a certain description. These were the i general features ; and tho President invi- I ted a discussion of its merits, while he ex- t pressed a readiness lo concur in any i modification that did not violate itscs-jj sentinl principles, particularly such as !; should by any constitutional means re- i lievc the Chief Magistrate from any con- j trolling power over the public Treasury. ' r You perceive how entirely this plan t constitutional objections, bv < t M f V.MV<? - O ' j providing that the functions of purchasing t and selling drafts, other than for the pur- < poses of the Government, should he exer- < vised in any state, only when not prohihi-1 ? ted by such state. All conflict w itii state < jurisdiction was prevented, the banking I priv ileges of the states were left without i intgpference, the operations of tho Treasury simplified Rnd facilitated, ;n! theij great interests of the Union promoted, by ! i the introduction of a currency founded 1 on the revenues of the country, and yet; j so limited as to he always equivalent to ^ - specie. This plan has been approved by : I sonic of the most competent Hnanciris of thiscouutry and Ungland,and pronounced j i to be adequate to all our wants, safe in its ; operations, nr.d calculated to furnish the;] most perfect currency that could be devised. So far as the opinion of an indivi- j i dual who has had some experience in such j matters, and who, it is known to you, lias had occasion to become acquainted with the abuses to which a national bank is JI from its nature exposed, so far as the I opinion of such an individual is of anvil value, it is unhesitatingly given, that this plan, in its essential features, is far pre. < ferable to any other that has been submitted, and that it will accomplish all the purposes for which it was designed, with- : out hazard to the Government, without danger to the people, and without stunu-i luting anew tlic reckless spirit of specula, ation whose excesses we have all such j cause to mourn. If, as seems to be generally conceded, the question lies between this plan and a national bank, tht|?cannot be much room for doubt or hesitation. Waiving for the ,' present the insuperable diflicultiespresen- ' I ted by tho* constitutional objections to i - such a b^rk operati-ng through the whole Unioq^objections so long entertained i by a large portion of our fellow citizens, ( and strengthened rather than diminished by discussion, and by sad experience of ff?e tremendous power, and the slid more tremendous corruptions of such an institution?waiving these,the very fact of the existence of such objections and of others 1 of a different character, w ill effectually j aggpBM IHMWM.3WIWW history of the last few year9 has, I should hope, convinced all who are ?pen to conviction, that any evils which may bo anticipated from the want of such an institution, however great, are more tolerable than the certain, positive and immeasura- i ble iniuries which we now know have J flowed from the existence of one that was instituted under the most favorable au. spices, and was committed to the charge of men at the time esteemed the most lion, cable and trustworthy in our land. Within four years of its existence, the last Bank of the United States became little better than a den of robbers. Its managers, with few exceptions, pursued a systematic scheme of plunder and fraud, which was arrested by the investigations 1 of a committee of Congress. Clemency, now believed to have boon mistaken, toward innocent stockholders, and a hope that the examplo which had been made of tho offenders would deter others from similar practices, saved the bank from dissolution. It was allowed to proceed under new restrictions designed to prevent the recurrence of similar frauds. In n few years, it was found at open war with the government of the country, seeking the renewal of its charier, subsidizing presses an.1 editors, squandering its trea. i sures in partisan elections and openly pur- ! chasing the support of tho venial in all : directions. The moral corruption which | thus flooded the wholo country was in itself an evil of the most fearful mngni- ( tude. It struck deep at the roots of pub. lie faith nnd private honor, and prepared j the way for that reckless and unbounded extravagance which the bank itseliVimu- j lated by the profuse distribution of it*' money, and the consequences of which I j we arc now reaping in individual suffer- j j ings from which a bankrupt law affords I but slight relief, and in the degradation of j * [hecharacter of our country by the fraudu- i ( lent insolvcnciesof ourpub!iccorporat:oi,s, | \ and by the shameless refusal of sovereign . slates to fulfil their obligations. C | The final extinction of the same institution under a state charter, hut managed j J by the same individuals, and the coaselucnt inevitable exposition of its affairs, j' linvc disclosed scenes of depravity and |1 fraud at which the whole country stands I' igliast. Who can look back at the im- | ^ nense amount of public funds which have % t seen entrusted to the fidelity ol the same j ncn, without a feeling of horror at the j ( ibyss which we have escaped ? And who ! v would again venture the integrity of any : )ody of individuals in an associate capa- I ^ itv, when wo have before us such reiter- \ . lied examples of the feebleness of the ! ' nost unspott< d public and private charae. i er to icsist the temptations which attend j * he control ofenormous wealth and inordi. j . late power? How can any government J ustify itself in thus transferring to corpor- " lie individuals the functions with which | t is entrusted for the welfare of the pec.i? ? 'Plirt r?/,It/.r*11on. the nresorvsifinn. I . 'tC * ,,U W'/I.W.. J I " - - ? , | J mil Ihe disbursement of the public rtvon- j t jc is the business < fthe government itself, j f hrough its own agencies, with all the t esponsibilities of cilice, and u ith the se. niritics of oaths, bonds and constant :hock and supervision.?It might with . ?quul propriety relieve itself of the burden if governing its territories, by employing Ihe agency of corporations, and the Post Office and other departments might like- , wise bo consigro 1 to their care. If the ? ( government is inadequate to the entire management of its fiscal alfairs, should ( we not be bottc. employed in seeking and providing the necessary powers to enable it to discharge one of its highest duties, than in creating artificial bodies to whom , O I this same and still greater powers must he . confided ? If there ho danger in the e\crciseof such powers by the selected public ngentsoftho people, directI3* and period- 1 ically responsible to them foi all their nets, is the danger lessened by transferring their exercise with the secrecy which j invariably attends the proceedings of cor- j porations, to those who are not selected , by the people, and not responsible to them, : ^ hut who hold their chartered rights for a J , longer or shorter term, hv an immutable j ( law. which even the will of the people j r-nnnot rescind ? Is not the only plausible object ion which j | has been urged to the Exchequer plan, j | then?that it will increase the power of I the government and particularly of the , Executive Department?is it not un- j founded an I irmtional? All power is li- I able to perversion for improper purposes, J but since it must exist, the true question j is, where can it be most safely lodged ? j The American people have answered this j ouestion by declaring that their own re- | presentatives,and officers chosen by themselves, are the most safe depositories of those powers with which government | must he clothed, for the protection and j defence of all. If the constitution would permjt the selection of the superintending officers hy other means than the appoint, ing power which it has created, let those means he adopted, according to the invitation of the President. But until they can be derived or or obtained by the consent of the states, and the people, wo have the same and even greater security against the abuse of such powers, than we have against the abuse of nnv other power vested in the Executive. The means of obtaining full and perfeci knowledge of all the operations of the Exchequer board and its agencies, at any * ' ? i .? ! I ln\inL< Kif ( Vnnrrnce n rwl UlllU UI1U (11 (III ??? vwn^ivw ?"U ( by tiic people are provided. The system is capable of any modification or im- , provemenl which experience may suggest, and if, after all, serious evils should he feit or jus".ly anticipated, no vested i rights of any corporation can he interposed to prevent its instant repeal. No hu- 1 man institution is, or can he, free from liability to abuse, and the fair question 1 ie, whether the advantages to he gained by furnishing a sound currency to the country, are so important as to justify the employment of the powers given by the Constitution, to obtain them ? The ability of tiie government itself to accom. plisli this great object has never yet been fully and fairly tried. 1 have dwelt on this subject, my friends, because it has received so little examina. tion in or out of Congress, and because I it involves the most momentous interests to the nation and to its citizens. In the election of Representatives to Congress, you are called upon to determine whcth. or the Exchemier plan shall prevail, or " i ? whether a National Bank shall bo established, or whether the whole matter shall remain unregulated and unprovided for. A respectable portion of your fellow citi. zens avow tiieir desire for the incorporation of a Bank of tho United States, and have rallied under the name and banner of a distinguished statesman, who is pledged to effect 'hat object by all the political power which may be placed in his hands. The appeal to the electors of the country, to confer such power upon him and those who concur with him, is rightfully and fairly made- Against the creation of any such institution the President and his administration have contended, and mean to contend, until the people in their wisdom shall deprive them of the power of further resistance. Con- . Tiding in the intelligent virtue and firmness of that people, they cheerfully abide tho issue. The policy of the Administration of President Tyler is farther indicated by the special messages which, during the ate session of Congf?S8? he deemed it his Juty to transmit to that uoJy. The first )f these, of general interest, reiafeo f? the :ondition of the Treasury, and tho impe."* i itivc necessity of speedy provision for ful-' illing our obligations to the public crediors, nnd defraying the current and una- | voidable expenses of the government. A I oan had been authorized for an amount } j scarcely equal to one half our ordinary { mnual revenuo, and this sum, relatively i to insignificant, it had been found im- i 1 i i iractieablc to obtain. The President relieved that a pledge of specific funds for j he payment of the interest nnd tho re- | lemption of the principal of the loan,! vould at once, relieve the country from the >d urn of such a failure, and replenish tho Treasury until adequate rovenues should >e provided by the passage of the proper aws- In the proceeds of the sales of the >uhlic lands, he perceived such n fund nleady provided, and he recommended to,1 Jongress the temporary appropriation of!1 t to the great public exigency which pre-' ;ented itself. He was well aware ot ihe ! 1 rlairn which had been interposed in be- ( lalf of the states to a distribution among ' hem of these proceeds. But on examinng the act of Sept. 1841, providing for hat distribution, ho found the principles >n which it should be made, settled by | hose who had been tho warmost advo:ates of the claim. The Whig majority in Congress had by j hat net determined that such distribution ihould not take place when the country -vas engaged in war with a foreign power, ior when an economical administration of hp (mvnrnment renuired the imnosition of i ? e? 1 i iuties exceeding twenty percent, on the j value of the articles taxed. Congress had j llius, in accordance with the constant | iractice which had prevailed fiom the \ foundation of the government, solemnly j re-asserted its authority to control the distribution of those proceeds, and to direct their employment for the benefit of the nation, whenever its exigencies demanded them. In his judgment that exigency had arrived ; and his recommendation was made accordingly to meet it. The recommendation was disregarded, and the loan is not yet taken. These views of the President were not [ new. In his first message to Congress at the extra session in June 1841, he said, 14 such a distribution of the proceeds of the sales of the public lands, provided such Jistribution does not force upon Congress the necessity of imposing upon commerce heavier burdens than those contemplated ! by the act of 1833, would net asancfti-j :iont remedial measure, by being brought directly in aid of the states." These sentiments were expressed to a new Congress n which there was a known majority in favor of a distribution, and at a time when io collision had taken place between the ! ('resident and tnat majority, j lie uocrines unci principles of that message met ivith universal favor from the Whig press, ind no exception wus at the time taken :o the passage above quoted. The act of , September 1841, for the distribution of he proceeds of the land sales, was passed, , cud embodied the identical principle thus stated by the President. Notwithstanding Congress was thus , ? ? distinctly apprised of the views of the Prejident, which they had sanctioned and adopted, and of his determination to a J. hero to them, that body passed two bills n succession, in direct conflict with the principles which it hud thus solemnly rer?nrr??ivr?rl_ Th? last of these blil.S bOTC - "? -- . conclusive cvidenco on its face that the contingency contemplated by the compromise act of September, 1841, had arrived, that rates of duties exceeding twenty per cent, had become necessary lor an economical administration of the govern, merit, and therefore a suspension of iho distribution of the land sales, for which that act had provided, followed as a necessary and inevitable consequence, and yet the bill directed that distribution to be made. Could the approbation of the President to such a bill have been expected by uny rational man ? Nothing had occurred between September, 1841, and July, 184*2, which could by any possibility affect tho principles on which distribution should take place. Congress had been prc-monishod thntnn empty treasury and a dishonored credit demanded the application of all the means of the government to the supply of the one and the restoration of the other. Is the conclusion an unfair one, that the proposition to violate theprinciples of tho act of September was made with the design to compel its rejection, in order to conimuo the agitation whicti nan been commenced by Mr. Clay, at an early day of the session, against the veto power, nnd that it was coupled with provisions for levying duties on imports, in the expectation that the interests and feelings of those who wero to be benefited by those pro. visions, would thus bo connected with the ngitation already existing, and that by these means, the double purpose of gain, ing fr e ids for the abolition of the veto, and of aggravating to the utmost extent hostile feelings against the President, would be accomplished ? Could the effort to pass a tariff Inw containing a distribution clause, under such circumstances, havo been a sincere one? To the President's mind theporlentousal. ternative was presented, of sanctioning a distribution of public money in violation of a compact to which he had been a par. ty, and when every dollar of thut money was imperiously demanded by the necessities of the Treasury,?or of incurring the hazard of leaving the country without adequate revenue by the refusal of Con gross to pass a Ml confined to thut subject alone. Upon this question lie did not ask the opinions of his Cabinet. Ho considered the pnth of duty too clear to be mistaken ; between principle on the ono side, and expediency on the otlier, he had no hesitation ; and he determined to return the bill with his objections. His firmness triumphed, and the same Congress passed the same bill, without the distribution clause, which he instantly and cheerfully signed. Thus was dissipated jn ri breath the allegation of his hostility to a ta.in. It i* passing strange, that while competuC* a.rQ springing up in all directions, among tho members of Congress, for the honor of having savC^ this bill, no credit, no applause is bestowed C'1 bim, who not only saved it by the intrepidity of his courso, but who gavo v itality to it by his signature, and who also saved the proceeds of the land sales from a diversion that would have been most injurious to the credit of the country. [Concludedon page 4//i.j "ggg""""!:' 7/.jr.ii""iii TTHiijt CHL35AW GAZKTTE. Cheraw, Tuesday, November b, We give up a great part of this week's paper to the letter of Mr. Secretary Srr.NCEa in defence of the course of the President. It is due alike to the Administration and to the country that such a paper, in the circumstances, should be circulated as extensively as possible amonj; the people. There are a few points in the letter on which it was our intention to make some remarks, but want of room prevents th:.3 week. A letter has been addressed to Mr. Webster pinned by nearly all the prominent merchants of New York, olfering him a public dinner, in token of respect for the manner in which ho conducted the late negotiation with Lord Ashburton. Since the above was in type we have received the correspondence, from which it appears that Mr. Webster declines the compliment, having been already detained by indisposition and other causes, longer from his post at Washington than he expected when he left it. Gen. Cass, Minister to France, has written to his friends that he expects soon to return home. Movements are already making to procure his nomination as a Democratic candidate for the Presidency. He may prove a more formidable opponent of Mr. Calhoun than Mr. Van Buren. The Editor being unavoidably absent from the ofHcc when the outside of last week's paper went to press, so many errors occurred in Col. Marshall's statement of his experiment with corn sown broadcast that wc insert it this week again. The quantity of forage from so small a parcel of land is greater than perhaps any of our readers would cxDeet. A want of attention to cattle is a fault of \ vr ?!>?? * o ntvij.nDA fUft VVI V< [ BRR. Original Communications i Report to the State Board of Agriculture; j j 1. On the farming of Rockbridge county, 2. With reference to part of Nansemoiid county; Value of clover as food for hogs; Marl and soft limestone of South Carolina. " Chalk hills," improperiy so called. New Jersey green 6and, <tc.; Statement of the ! number of acres of land marled in King Wil. liam county ; Est mate of the increased value 01 property in King William county cauBed by marling; " Amende honorable;" Inquiry concerning hemp. SELECTIONS. Steam plough; Pouitry inquiries ; Another i humbug exploded; Artificial manures; Storing j small gram; Improved agriculture. Lecture by Mr. Smith on drainage ; Experiment* with ' manures ; Change of seed ; Ancient and modern aqueducts; On the improper use of the -i l .i.~ ?I.:..-.:? j I puiigfi ill Hit- uuiiivrtciuri us luuiail cuni ,* LilCC | on chickens; The polar planl of the western pratries. A vegetable compass; Manure; Preservation of peach trees; Use of camels on the western prairies ; Shoeing the horse ; Butter making in New York ; Sowed corn ; I The floating ifiand in Perwrent lake, n^ar all pi inters in this region. The cause probably is the want of grasses suited to our soil and climate for hay. M ?y not Indian corn sown for forage answer the purpose of the best northern grasses ? Two or three tons of hay is a heavy crop from the best northern grasses, grown on tho best land.? May not Indian corn be made to yield in our climate more than an equivalent quantity of forage ? If salt wcro added to the green corn in time of stacking, the greater part of the stalks would be eaten by cattle. Experiment of John J. Marshall with Buoaccast Corn?1842. The land selected was about 5-8ths of an acre on the river bank just above tho mouth of Whor. tlcbcrry Creek. It had been planted in corn for several years and badly cultivated, so that it was very foul. It was broken up for the first time on tho 17th of May, with a two-horse plough, there being a heavy coat of grass and weeds 011 it, the latter as high as a tall horse. It was cross ploughed with a single horse turning plough on the 3Jtb May. The corn was6o\vcd on rhc 18th of June, at the rate of very nearly four bushels of our common seed corn to the acre, and covered with a small turning plough very shallow?Each ploughing, and the planting was after a rain. The corn came up in u few days and grew off rapidly. When about a month old (the 21st July) boing from 5 to 6 feet high on the richest part of the land, it began to lodge just as very rank oats somettmcs do, and in a few weeks nearly all the best of the patch was very much fallen and tangled. It continued green and growing however pTpnnt fhif immcdiatrlv on the trroiind. which rot ted. The fodder having begun to ripen, the corn was cut on the 19th September, wiih grass blades and weeding hoes. Two spots wero selected which were deemed to be u fair average of the whole patch, each 9 feet equare : On one the stalks weighed 65/6. and on tho other 100/6. being an a\crage of 82 1-2/6. to 9 square yard?, and at the rata of 44,3^7/6. to the arre. A ?pol trfe* ??l?Tt?d ' 3 foat square on which the corn hail not fallen ; down, tho' it did not stand as thick as the land would have borne it, on which the stalks weighed I 27lb. being at the rate of l33,6SD/6. to the acre, estimating an acre to contain 4340 square ' yards. The day on which tho corn was cut, proving ' cloudy, it was left on the ground till the middle of, ! the next day, when it was put up like a top stack, j the layer of stalks about 18 inches tliick, and both j ; ends left open. It has cured very nicely. There j I arc no ears of corn except a few very small and , ' imperfect. JOHN J. MARSHALL. Choraw S. C., Oct. 14, 1842. I P. S. It has been suggested to ma to add to j tho above, that there was no manuro used in the experiment; and it may be proper to mention ' that tho land has been cleared more than 70 years, and most probaby has never been manured. ; To the Editor of the Farmer's Gazette. Dear Sir :?There is an omission in the pub- | 1 lished proceedings of the " Pee Dee Agricultural j Society" which it is the object of this note to recti| */ \ Col. Marshall obtained another premium of a j silvtr cup, of the value of ?10, for the best yearI ling Bull. It is not less an act of justico to tho j splendid and thoroughbred animal himself than to I his public spirited owner that this correction should ' be made. By giving this an insertion in your j next paper, you will oblige, Very Respectfully, Yours, W. T. ELLERBE, Sect'y P. D. A. S. j Stats Elections are held in New York, Dclaj ware, and Mississippi to-day, and in Massachu. i setts on the 14th, after which thero will bo no ! other in any of the states before March. ______ Samuel C. Crafts has been elected U. S. Sen! tor by tho Legislature of Vermont. He previously held the oHlce by temporary appointment of the Governor. Tho Mxgnolia and Literary Messenger for Novembcr have both been received, and sustain the character of tho works. Both may be seen by calling at the Drug Store under our office. I Slwe fUsES.?Two suits for damages have lately come off in Pennsylvania, in one of which a Mr. Hall, of MaryiunJ, obtained damages to j to the amount of ?1003 from an ^hohtiomst or aiding runaway slaves who had been capi-1"? in Pennsylvania to escape ; in the other case damigCb , to the amount of ?330 were recovered for a similar offence. [The following communication came too late for ? - r 1 ' _i_ _ * 1 last wccK'8 paper, xor wiucri u wan unciiueu.j Society IIill, Oct. 31, 1812. Dr. M'Lean, Dear Sir:?I observe in your last paper a communication in relations cotton picking, in the neighborhood, with an intimation, that they would like to sec it beat, if possible. I am authorized by Mr. Abel Gandey, who manages my 14 Barn ; Plantation," to say, that he has done so?four hands having picked a few days after on said plantation as follows: Anarchy, 409/6.; Lycurgus, 395 ; Eighty, 375; Pompey, 355. Yours, &c., JOHN N. WILLIAMS. The following correspondence has been sent to j us for publication. v Ben.vettsville, S. C., Oct. 4th, 1842. Dear Sir,?We had the pleasure, in common with the large and highly respectable audience present yesterday at the Baptist Church in this place, to hear vour address before the 44 Marlboro* i . . District Temperance Society," and have now the higii gratification of presenting to you by special appointment the thanks of the Society for your services on that occasion. We are moreover ini strutted to solicit a copy for publica'ion. In the discharge of this duty we ptesumc to express our individual admiration as well of the { sentiments, as me nappy manner in wuicii you j presented them, and we beg that you will regard us sincere when wc insist upon your allowing the address to be publisaed. With great respect and esteem, we remain sini cerely your friends. WM. J. COOIC, B. I). TOWNS END, j C. r. JUDD. ; To Maj. Wm. T. El%be. Mahl'joim>cg:i, Oct. 11th, 1842. Gentlemen,?In reply to your note of the 4th inst., soliciting a ropy of an address delivered by me before the " Marlborough District Temperance \ SocietyI have to say that the very hasty and j imperfect manner in which it was written, will ! prevent an immediate complyanco ; but so soon as leisure will permit me to revise it, it shall bo i placed at your disposal. Permit me to thank you for the complimentary | manner in which your request has been made. Very sineercly, Yours, WM. T. ELLERBE. To Messrs. W. J. Cook, \ B. D. Townsend, ? Committee. C. P. Judd. > Keswick; On a method o( destroying thrf ?ner* ker worm ; The Ohio ever-bearing raspberry t New England banking/ Agricultural letter from Qen. Washington to hia overseers,- Od the cultivation of the raspberry; Squirrel* aud a sigrvof a hard winter. Sperm Oil?About half a dozen casks of prime winter strained Sperm Oil were sold at auction yesterday, by our neighbor James Cooper, at from GO to 6G cents per gallon. This is about the same price as Lee's best Lard Oil. These (wo kinds of nil arc now sold at the same price in this city? 1 through the lard oil is generally preferred, as it bums equally a9 bright as the sperm, aqd totally ! free from any unpleasant smell of smoke, Cineinnafti Republican* The magnificent country retreat of Nicholas Biddle, on the banks of the river Delaware, about twelve miles above the city of Philadelphia, known as ' Andalusia,' is advertised in a Doylestmvn paper, by the Sheriff ct Bucks county, to be sold on the 4th day of November next?comprising lie- _ twecn ninety and a hundred acres of land, green houses, graperies, &lc. The Legislature ?f New Jersey have rc-eleotod Governor Pennington by a majority of 9 votes over his Democratic opponent. They havo also elected William L. Dayton (Whig) U. S. Senator, in place of the Hon. Saml. L. Southard, deceits* ed. 1 From the Baltimore Patriot. TUB FIRST APPLICATION OF STEAM TO NAVIOATIOV. A pamphlet first published in 1788 by Mr. f James Rurnsey, of Berkeley county, Virginia, doscribing a boat and engine constructed by hka for ? the application of steam to navigation, has been lately reprinted by order of the House of Representatives, at the instance of Mr. Underwood, of Kentucky. It purports to be u A Short Treatise H on the Application of steam, wlicrcby it is clearly shown from actual experiments, that steam may 1 be applied to propel boats or vessels of any burthen A against rapid currents with great velocity, ** 41 "BID'NT 1 DRUM WELL 11 Many of your readers, doubtless, have read lb* i anecdote of the justly celebrateu merchant of Boa* ^ ton, Billy Gray, as he was familiarly called ; but, lest all your readers may not have seen it, I will take the liberty to givo the substance here. When 9 Mr. Gray was somewhat advanced in years, he 9 was one day superintending a piece of carpenter 9 work?for nothing about him was permitted to et~ cape his vigilant eye; he had occasion to nepri* H mand the man who was performing it, for not do* H ing h:s work well. The carpenter turned upon 1 ,*J?u; he and " Billy" being known to each other | in their y^tli?and said," Billy Gray, what do you I presume to scolu HO for ? you are a rich man, 'tis jk true, but did'nt I know you when you were uoth* 9 ing but a drummer V M Well, sir, did'i 11 drum M well, eh, did'nt I drum well ?" The carpenter was silenced, and went on to do his work belter, agreeably to Billy's orders.?Billy Gray commenced his career a poor boy, and began early and continued through his long life to act on the prin* ciple of always drumming well, or otherwise, of doing every thing as it ought to be done, and not by halves ; and the result was, that he died worth his millions of dollars. A number of years since, I heard from his nephew, who received bis mercantilc education in his uncle's counting-house, several anecdotes connected with his habits qf carly rising, untiring industry, personal supervision of his immense business, and the clock-work manner in which'every thing about him had to..move?in- ^ deed, always " drumming weU.n This is a text from which much, very much, mi^ht be deduced ^ to the advantage of every farmer. Let us, ono j *nd all. endeavor through the comincr vear to drum I better than we have ever drummed before; and an increased reward to our labors will be the sure result.?Albany Cultivator. ELECTION JOKE. It is stated in the New York Tribune that at the recent election in Luzerne county, (Pa.,) which is strongly Locofoco, the regular ticket had on it for the Legislature a Dutchman named KoonaThe Locos swore they would not go it?they were against 'coons tooth and nail. So Mr. Koons was t bac :ed off and a Loco named Broadhcad put in I his place. This incensed tocne of Koons's friends, g who instigated Chester Butler, a Whig, to come 2 out as a stump candidate, and helped to elect J him, though tho Whigs had not deemed it worth 4 while to make any nomination. - ?<?- - ? ? DISPROPORTION# By th* rccont census of Wi*kon?an, it appears that the territory has 7,341 more \ i*?en than womett. ARRIVED, Yestcrday, Steamer Oscola's Lighter John Ir- . win, with goods for sundry persons of this place, and for Kendall 6c Stacy, D. C. Lilly, B. J. Covington, D. Park, John Smith 6c Son, E. S. 6c G. S. Hubbard, W. T. Leak, S. W. Cete, Rufus Read, J. M. Waddle, H. Richardson and others, of the Interior. ^ CHERAW TRICES CURRENT. novkmtjer 8, 1842. Articles. rica | $ C. | $ C. Beefin market, lb 0 34 * Bacon from wagon*, lb 7 a 7} by retail, lb 7 a ? Butter lb 12} a IS Beeswax lb a 25 Nagging yard 20 a 25 Bale Rope fb 10 a 12 J Coflce lb 12} a IS Cotton, lb 5^ i 7 Corn.scarco bush 60 a 62 Flour, Country, bH 5 a k 9 Feathers fin wag. nono lb 3?'} a 32 Fodder. lOOiba 75 a 1 00 Class, window 8x10, 50ft 3 25 a 3 374 , ? 10x12, 50T\ 3 50 a 3 75 Hides, groen 1b 5 a dry lb 10 a fron tOQib* 5 * 6 Indigo lb l - a 2 5(? Lime cask. 4 a 4 50 Lard ucsrea lb 7 a H Leather, sole lb 22 a 28 ficad, bac ib 8 a 10 Loeword lb 10 a IS Mol?j5es N. (!>, gal 35 a 4* , gal 28 % 53 Nails, cut, assorted . lb 7 ft 8 The River is navigable for light boats. : fitocKFisfi SHEKTIIGS and SHIRTINGS. ^ yffi BALFS 3-4 and 4.4 Domestics just JL * received on consignment Tom the uociirish Factory and for sale on favorable m terms by the Hale. A D. M ALLOY, M