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I . ''ftwfr'' C * f $ t't $ * <MS?B ?Wm?<HW agg=== ===== . ==l~======== .' . .._ ..... - VOLUME VII. CHERAW. SOUTH-CAROLINA,TUESDAY, OCTOBER 4,1842. NUMBER 47. ; '^!g ' ^^ r ? . 1 jP for the causes i<> which wv im*g ly attributed the production of mildew may exist, w hen this* Wheat ia susceptible of being act* d upon by them, as well as the other kinds. These causes wc understand to he : 1. That state of the Plant when the grain is fully formed but very soil and u.ilky, the w hole energies of the plant di" rected to its perfection, and the sap vessels ait distended. 2. That state of the Atmosphere which * tends still farther to distend the vessels ; as heavy dew s, and fogs and clouds, which obscure the Sun for several hours after his rising. 3. A sudden ou'brenking of the Sun, with such power as to rupture the sap ves. sels of the plant, thereby giving it nidus for the Seeds ot the Parasite to take root. But be the causes what they may it is rarely injuied by the Fly or Rust; nor are these all its advantages over only Wheat among us. For it may be sown from the first of September to the middle of Octo. ber, and upon s?ul soihin that the farmer would not think of sowing any oilier kind of Wheat, and vet produce, a fair crop 1 have sown it tor two years, hut ? crop of corn and potatoes had been taken from the ground, and fully believe, that the yield after the potatoes, was upwards of thirty bushels to the acre. If binvn early one ;ind a half bushels per acre will be enough, but if not sown till in October, at least two bushels should be town. Now although the straw is so soft thai ^ it will most certainly fall in rich ground ^ stilf it ripens well, even should the timoth) grow up through it and hide it from view And although the k'rain is not so white ant mellow, as some other varieties of Wheat still, that it will produce more supertim flour to the acre for a given number o years than any other Wheat now extant 1 feel no hesitation in asserting. I shall be able to supply any moderat quantity in tune tor sowing, delivered a any place to be mentioned in Philadelphia With sentiinants of regard, I remai your friend, [ MOSES SMITH. | Hon. II. L. Ki^swohth, Comrrrissiont I By M. MACLEAN. i Tckxs:?Published weekly at three dollars a year; with an addition, when not paid nr.thin three months, of twenty per cent per annum. Two new subscribers may tuke the paper at fire dollars in advance; ana ten at twenty. Pour subscribers, n<?t receiving their papers in town, may pay a year's subscription with the dollars, In advance. A year's subscription always due in advance. Papers not discontinued to solvent subscribers . in arrears. Advertisements not exceeding 1 Mines inserted J * f>r one dollar the first time, and fifty cents each a lbseqitont time. For insertions at intervals of two weeks 75 cents after the first, and a dollar if the intervals aro longer. Payment due in adyance for advertisements. When the number of insertions is not marked on the copy, the adrertismnent will be inserted, and charged till ordemd out. 0*Tne postage must be paid on letters to the editor on the business of the office. MEDITERRANEAN' WHEAT. Wc have received from that public* spirited gentleman, the Hon. H. L. Ellsworth, Commissioner ?f Patents of the United States, a package of Meditorrari. can Wheat. We propose to divide this rnorceau between a coupleof skilful planters,?in order that it may have n fair ^ trial in our soil?and, ifit be found to equal the recommendations accompanying it, larger quantities can be procured next year for seeding, by sending on to Philadelphia. In order that nil the particulars con. cerning the nature of this wheat may be *eea at a glance, we lay before our readera the communication of Mr. Ellsworth : Patent Office. July *20. 1842. Sir: I have the honor to transmit a parcel of Mediterranean Wheat, respec. ting which much has lately been published,and the pecul.ur qualities of whicharc described in the accompanying letters from Dr. Smith of Philadelphia, and Mr. Powell, seedsman, in the sanae cify. i am, most respectfully vours, H. L. ELLSWORTH. Philadelphia, July 14th, 1842. Dear Sir : Yours of the Gth instant, came duly to hand, and 1 should have an# swered it sooner, had business and other circumstances permitted. Til at variety of ihe Mediterranean Wheat which 1 h ave sown lor several years past, I consider proof against the Fly. and almost proof ag mist the Rust. For the farmer, no rational explanation has thus far been given ; but the instances . have been so numerous where this and the other kinds of Wheat among us have been sown on adjoining lands in the same held, with cultivation precisely the same? where this has remained untouched by the Fly, producing a heavy crop, and the others almost entirely destroyed, that the most sceptical hive no longer any doubts j upon the subject Cuf that it should so generally escape the mildew we have endeavored to ex* plain from the fact, that it ripens front ten * ^-to twelve days earlier, than any Wheat now sown in the Middle oi Eastern States (as far as my knowledge extends.) But that this is a full and satisfactory explanation 1 am not entirely piepared to behove ; - ' ?- i?~ ..a..Qru|. Philadelphia, July 14th, 1842. H. L. Ellsworth Esq..?Dear Sir: So far as heard from, the Mediterranean Wheat grows more in favor as it becomes better known. Mr. White, formerly a merchant of our City, stated to me last fall that he had tested it side by side with i 2 or 3 others, and that this was the only oneescnped Rust, Flv, 6zc. It is an early IVhunt mlnnts itself to the generality of I * r soils, but especially to light land?and as it become-, acclimated assumes more the cast of our Orange Wheat. I find a con. ctirringopinion from many ncighhorhoo Is, thntti c Mediterranean Wheat this season, I exceeds by great odds, all other varieties. I can supply a clean good article, as per samjdt*, ai Si 75 per bushel. Very respec11uIIv. M. S. POW E LL, 25 Market Street. bommer's manure. We published some tune since, a no. ticeofMr. Bommer's "new method of making vegetable manures by ferment ation," wbtcii bad attracted some atten. tion, and been favorably received in some places in New Jersey and Con neeticut. Mr. Bominer, who is now in this city, has submitted a proposition to the Executive Committee of the State Agricultural Society, to perforin an experi. merit of converting vegetable matter, such as straw, cornstalks, weeds, &<\ whether green or dry, into good manure, in the space of fifteen days. The mate, rials for the manure are to lie collected and deposited^wndcr the superintendence of the Committee, on the 12th of September, and the heap is to he opened during the Fair, when the materials will he found reduced by the fermentation to an excellent manure. ** Tue manure is then to he weighed, so as to prove that the weight of the primitive materials has been increased four-fold." The experiment will tie made under the direction of a committee appointed by the Society, and in such a manner we trust, as fully to test the value of this new method of muking manures.?Cultivator. From the Cultivator. south downs. Beautiful as the improved SSort Horn cat lie certainly are, they do not exhibit a more marked superiority over the original animals of that breed, than doe.T the improved South Down over the indigenous -U( ck from which they originated; indeed. it may be questioned whether the difference in the latter case is not the most striking Of all the English breeders of South Downs, there are none more celebrated than Mr. Webb, of Babrahain, he having tanen the most of the prizes, at the meetings of the Royal Agricultural Society, offered for this breed of sheep. Mr. Allen has given an interesting nccount of his visit to iMr. Webb, in company with Mr. Stevenson, from which we I make a few extracts: To give an idea of the weight of Mr. Webb's animals, the buck selected for Mr. Rotch, though only six months old, weighed 152 lbs. on the scales ; Bishop Meade's, eighteen months old, 243 Ihs. ; and Mr. Stevenson's of the same ngn, 254 lbs.; while a wether exhibited nt Cambridge, on Christmas da), d840. i weighed, dressed with the head on, 200 i lbs., aside from yielding 23 Ihs. rough tab " r> low. The average weight of his wethers, however, at eighteen or twenty months old, is but about 30 to 35 lbs. per quarter. The bucks shear from 9 to 11 lbs., and the average shearing of the whole | flock is 3 lb. 15 ounces, and of a quality of wool that we thought belter than the generality of South J)owns. The fleece j is clo-e and compact, ant! we should think, would resi.st rain, sleet, and snow, ncaily | as well as the best Merino." .Mr. Allen adds respecting Mr. Webb's sheep,? They are very hardy, and are never ; boused in winter, but lie in the open fields i aud are led upon bay, w ith cut turnips, sugar heel, or mangel wortzcl. In the summer, they are taken to i poor pasture by day, at a distant part of the farm, for change and exercise, and towards night are brought near home, and folded on vetcnes. clover or rape. The larubs after ! wi-anmv. are turned into fair pasture, and ; ? leu about a pint each per tiny, of beans, oil cake, or some kiml of grain. Mr. Webb sa\s he is an advocate for good feeding, and that a good animal always . pays for it. This is our doctrine, and il people want South Downs to starve, they . iiad better tske up with the smallest of the I old unimproved race." Messrs. Dement and M'Intyrc, in the vicinity of this city, have beautiful flocks j of South Downs, and the flock of Mr. Rolc.h, of Butternuts.in this state, is out of the best in the Union, embracing, as il docs, tne blood of"the Duke of Kicjimondb and Messrs. Eilm.in's and (iranthain'i flocks, and now that of Mr, Webb's? B specimens of which we presume Mr. R will send to Hie State Fair. Mr. Rotcli' sheep have proved perfectly hardy, win ' Coring finely on nothing but hay ; an< we have lntle doubt that where fine qua! j ities of wool are not thegrat object ii sheep growing, the- tSouiti Downs wil prove to be one of the best breeds for th farmer. " ' ? A V^rmnnt nancr 6tatCB?that tf JU djplrt O Of "XX V V< *MV?? ? J.?| r r j maple sugar produced in that State last spring, i | 5 cents per pound, would amount to $1,009,00 From the Western Farmer and Gardener. COST OF A CROP OF CORN IN OHIO. Mr. Affleck: In almost every Agricultural paper of the day, we find accounts of large crops of corn, which though very interesting, as ^proving what can ho done with an acre of land, would ho still more so if the mode of cultivation, and more particularly the exoen.se of ihe crop, were given. Below, I give you my first experiment I in raising corn ; if the yield is not so great as some of your correspondent* can | boast of, it may come up to theirs in cheapness. The field 1 speak ot wa9 in oats t:?e year previous. The ground was broken up (mi the usual skinning manner) in May; was furrowed out lcngthway* three feet apart ; the 'corn was then thrown (or sown) thickly along the furrows, and was covered with a cultivator? the front tooth having been removed, and leaving the rows perfectly level. A man and horse, with cultivator, covered up thA corn as fast as two men could drop. When the corn was fairly up, the harrow whs passed through the field. Twice afterwards the cultivator , was taken through up and down each row; finally the corn was thinned out, and the earth around the stalk hoed?not hoed up to the stalk, so as to inake a hill, hut simply loosened and the weeds removed. Care was taken from first to last, to koep the ground level. The large quantity of corn planted (five bushels to eight acres) rendered replanting (which is much trouble and little profit) unnecessary. When the corn was about eighteen inches high, it was thinned our, so as to leave the stalks about eight inches apart in the rows; as much as two waggon beds full of voung corn stalks were putb.d up. The crop looked well till that long drought in the summer, when it began to droop, nnd I was lc.1 to believe 1 bad planted too thickly, and was about to tint out again, when a copious rain revived my hope* and the corn together; from that tune until ripe it went on improving. So badly did it look at one tunc, that it was considered hy those who saw it, a com. plete failure. As it was the first field of corn that had been cultivated in this manner around here, it was wn'ched with some interest; hut hy none more than myself, as I entered upon the experiment against all the advice and experience ui tne older furint rs. July 11 we had a very severe gale, and tho'the corn would averuge thirteen feet m height (I pulled many sixteen feet) it stood iue * pollings of the pitilessstorm" as well if not belter, than most of the com around me culnvaieJ. or rather ploughed and hilled in the usual manner. 1 mention this because I was told that unless i hilled my corn, the least blast would throw it over. The crop was gathered early in October ; and yielded 1063 j bushels of ears of corn. T"c field was very unequal in its pro. duce. On one third, four rows gave me 36 bushels of cars?equal to 182 bushels to the acre. On another third, six rows gave me 36 bushels of ears?equal to 121 bushels to tne,acn-. The other third, gave me 3(5 bushel* to seven rows?equal to 105 bushels to the acre. Tins last third of the field was more exposed to the wind than the other parts, the corn was blown down and aid not ripen ; and also at four different tunes '24 head of cattle broke into the field at this pnrt, and at each tune must have been in the entire day, as they never were discovered liii evening. Expense of cultivating eight acres of | Indian corn. . t> days plo. iug, man, and 2 "] | hor?. *, $9,00 j Putting j 2 do furrow ng out, 1 do 8,25 j j 2J do covering vvuh cultivator l.lio ^ 2^ do Looping com men auJ noy) 1.50 I in Crop. 5 bushels corn 1,00 J 8 5.43 9 May 31. ?1 day harrowing, 2 I 1.50 horses .in I m u? ) r 44 I dayman selling up, 63 " Juno 7, 8,9.?24 da)$, man } Mnd horse wiili > 2,81 cultivator, ) 14 44 2 days, boy sctting up, 50 4* 9, 10.?3 uays thinning 1 out 2 men and > 2,00 boy. ) 44 22,23.? I 4 d.'s m in and ^ horse with cut- > 1,68 livutnr, } 4' 25, to 29.?7 days homing j and cleaning / 4.41 out, ) I Tending Corn, $13.53 Expense of cultivation, $26,96 do of ombing. 1 2 men, 1,12 I '20 bu. ? t Y?ke of oxen 50 f care i ? i i,jr d<vy 162 J 14 62 Total expense ol ii,b3 bu. ear* of ' corn, or 4 l-li) cm per bush. 43, Eight acres gave me 10G3 bushels eari or 233 busnels per acre. Since writing the aunre, I hnvo tin some of lliccorn shelled, ('aken indiscrui 1 ately from the heap) and three half bust els of ears gave 1 bushel shelled con l" So that the eight acres yielded me 70 bushels shelL-d corn, ut G 1-7 cents pi tc bushel. lt More than halflhecorn was measun 0. in baskets?the balance w&s measured the waggon, the bed holding 22 bushels shelled corn. Yours Respectfully F. M. MELINE. " Solitude," Butler County, O., ) 23d February, 1842. $ (The above is from a young farmer, whose practice is of n very recent date. If he goes on at this rate he will soon outstrip his plodding compeers of the old school. We.saw his cr?p growing and know hisstatement tobe throughout correct?un> les* perhaps in the rates of cost and wages, and presume these to be so. From the Cultivator. RACK3 FOR SHEEP, &LC. Mtttrt. Oaylord Tucker?A writer from Poughkeepsic, withes information of me relative to feeding sheep at stacks. He inquires if the rails, on which the stack is built, rest on the bottom rails of the pen, or on the ground; what is ! the effect of dust and grass seed on the wool, ! and whether there is not danger of the stack fal. ling down and killing the sheep ? The rails are I laid on the ground; the only use of them is to keep j the hay off the ground. With regard to hay seed and dust, they will get more or less in the wool on the head and neck; and so they will if fed on board boxes or in racks, or in any way that I am acquainted with, except feeding on the ground.? As to the settling of the stack, there is no danger, (unless the blocks on which the pen is built, fall down,) until the stack is eat down so small that the top will go inside of the pen ; and to prevent ! this. I generally put three or four rails through the' j pen under the stack ; but I think the better way wiil be, when building the stack after the pen is full and the hay a little higher than the top, to lay j two rails on each side of the pole at equal distances, so that the upper part of the stack will rest on six rails, including the two outside ones of the pen. I design to build all my stacks in this way the ensuing summer. There is very little i danger of the blocks on which the pen is built i falling dpwn, if they are as much as 18 inches in { diameter, and both ends sawed off square and set I level on the ground, and the two first rails to lay level on the top of the blocks; the two next that crosi them should have wedges of wood or stones, the thickness of the first rail, put under them on the outer edge of the blocks. If built in this way, I think there will be but little danger of accidents; at any rate I have not met with any this winter. After the bottom is eat out, and the sheep have cat out between the rails on which the stack rests, it will be necessary to knock the rails a few inches to the right or left, that the stack may Kttle* little; if an axe is not heavy enough, a heavy rail, used as a battering ram, will be sure to answer the purpose. There arc several advantages in feeding at the stack, and not the least is that the sheep are always foddered and fed, all, and no more, than they will cat; it cannot rain or snow on the hay that they are eating; the top of the stacks are not opened at all, and of course are not exposed to rain and snow. There is also a considerable saving of labor. I have a cheap fixture for feeding straw or stalks, which I will describe. It consists of four round posts, about 8 or 9 inches in diameter, 9? feet long, set 2? feet in the ground; the upper ends champcrcd nearly to an edge, and as large a * 1 - e -1- ?4 ? ?U? <0)1111 (imK?r Trill noica or lor & CUl 111 UIG Siiiuv uaiuu H>u"va ...? allow ; in these notches lay two round poles 7 or 8 inches in diameter, for plates, and across the ends of these lay two similar poles; notch and addle them together in the usual way of build, ing a log house; then dig a trench from post to post 18 inches deep, and take small sized rails or round poles, set them in the trench about 9 inches apart, champer the upper end so thin that a ten. penny nail will confine them to the plate; ram the dirt firm around the bottom of the rails, and pin on a piece of strapping to the plates to confine the upper ends, and put on a roof of split clapboards, or whatever is cheapest, leaving the gable ends of the roof open. Such fixture, placed in the barnyard near the threshing floor, I found very con. venicnt white I threshed wheat in the barn ; and even now I find it very convenient to haul a few loads of straw or stalks, and throw in for oxen and cows that arc stabled nights, to pick upon in the day time. Nicholas Titus. Rutland, Meigs Co., 0., March 14, 1842. ADDRESS Be/ore Morlboro' District Temperance Society. bv ciiauncey p. judd. Mr. President, Ladies and Gentlemen: The temperance reformation has always excited a deep interest: no one could look upon it with indifference ; and most persons have given it a warm support. The reform brought prosperity to individuals, and crowned the nation with glory. But at the present time, the cause submits higher, nobler, and far more important claims to our con. sideration. Formerly, it was partial in its opera, tions; now it is universal, spreading a panoply oi sobriety and happiness over tho whole human race, Once it cared only for the mode-ate drinker ; bu1 now it seizes the drunkard in the midst of hii foaming cups, throws a shield of more than trip pie buss around him, and elevates him to the dig nity and freedom of an immortal being. In th< infancy of Achilles, his mother plunged him int< | the river Styx, whose waters made him invulnera ! blc except in his heel where she held him. During ; the Trojan war, this hero was killed by an arrov ' aimed at this defenceless place. It has been ? with the partial pledge. It has warded off th attack of ardent spirits, but left unprotected weak, defenceless spot, where wine and cordial have entered, to slay their thousands and tens c thousands. > The fact of total abstinence is by no means s ' new as many suppose. More than two thousan years ago, John the Baptist preached it in the wi '9 dcrncssof Judea; and our Saviour formed the fin cr tee.tital society at the l ist supper, whe n the dii i ciplcs were told that " I will not drink henrefort iti of the fruit of the vine, until that day when in ' drink it new with you in the kingdom of heaven, I In I Si*.centuries afterwards, Mahomet, also, forbid I his followers from using intoxicating liquors.? From that day to this, when any deed of heroism was to be performed, when glaring danger was to be faced, when the entire mind was concentrated in the investigation of truth; then all intoxicating stimulants have been banished. Alcohol is ever out of place, save when used in the preparation of the artisan, or under a physician's label. The Christian needs no intoxicating I *> i * i? i >i<. <u. i... annK, wnen, raui-iute, ne iuuuiim^w mc muu uw vena, wrapt in the ineffable glories and deep-hid. den mysteries of the Godhead. When the philosopher calculates, with telescopic eye, the height of the mountains in the silvery orb of the Queen of night, or measures the distance of yon twinkling star, he asks for no excitement except the grandeur of his own glorious conceptions. The farmer can do more work and endure fatigue better, if he drinks pure water gushing cool from the mossgrown spring. Think you the mechanic executes less skilful work, remote from the fumes of the whiskey bottle ? Parties of pleasure, meeting of friends, do you denrnd the " tcild-fire" to make your greetings more cordial, and your happiness more abundant ? Are neighbors less kind, 6ince the decanter has been removed from the mantlepiece? Parents, metliinks intoxication does not increase your love for your children. When your sons, before leaving the sweets of home, and about to break from the fond endearments of the fire-side to set out in tjiis life of toil, gather around you supplicating a paternal blessing, do you not try to engrave on the tablets of their hearts, as with the point of a diamond, " touch not, taste not, handle not,"~the unhallowed thing ? Mother*, as the smiling babe nestles in your lap, and full of hope you turn with joyful hearts to ths 44 dim dig. 1 tant future," do you not silently raise youf soul | to God in prayer, that this pride of your bosom may not end in a drunkard's grave? Many, many, is the scalding tear intemperance has caused to course down the cheeks of mothers. Cast a glance over this vast globe, and we shall see that no profession, no employment, and no kind of labor requires intoxicating drinks as a beverage. Stop 1 stop!! Ami not too sweeping in my conclusion? Yes, I am. Some beings iftust have the liquid poison speeding hot blood through their veins. When fighters, brawlers, and fiends in human shape stalk over the land, they sit long at the bowl to inflame their hellish pas. sions enough to commit any horrible deed. The robber about to enter his neighbor's dwelling, takes deep draughts to drown the remonstrances of a goading conscience: would the murderer nerve his faltering ann to plunge the dagger in his victim, rum is his strength, and Bacchus his God, The tce-total pledge is disliked by many indi. viduals, because it excludes wine as a common drink. Objectors say that Christ turned water into wine, and would he have done this miracle if wine was not good ? They put this question as a poser, and strut off, laying the flattering unction to their souls, that they have knocked tce-totalism in the head. They cannot conjecture how a ra. tional man will risk his reputation for wisdom by advocating such a "pledge. But let us make a statement before you cast us out among the fool. iah. In Palestine there were two kinds of wine. One was called strong drink, and the other was known simply bj the name of wine. The former was lull of drunkenness, while the latter came from the grape growing wild, and abundantly all over Pa. lestine. It was a mild drink, made in large quan. titles, and used by all classes of people, and in all circumstances. It had but little spirit in it, and of courso men could not drink enough to become drunk without great difficulty. Now, it is pro. bablc Christ made one of the two kinds of wine. Which did he make? Docs one reply, "the strong kind ?" If this can be proved, then Christ, tne light of the world, left the bliss of heaven to come into the world to produce beastly drunken, ncss. See where the supposition is leading you. Is it not more suitable to suppose the mild wine was made at the marriage ? If this conclusion is correct, all can see that no argument can' drawn from the example of Christ, to favor the use of the wine we have in this country. There is no rc. semblance between the two. Our wine is entirely unlike that of Palestine. That contained little alcohol in it, but ours, according to Mr. Drande, a distinguished English chemist, has nearly one. fourth alcohol. In every 100 parts, Champagne has 12$ parts of alcohol, Madeira has 22, and Port has 22. The purest foreign wines contain so great a proportion of alcohol. The difference is very great, and weakens the argument of the objector. But this argument can be weakened much more. You all know New Jersey makes a great quanti. ty of cider. Well, they mix brandy, logwood and cider together, the cider furnishing the liquid, the i brandy the strong taste, and the logwood the col. or. After it has settled, it is strained, then bottled, , and sold all over the country as Madeira anc , Champagne wine. Much of the cheap winci , come from that State; the rich nabob only car f pay enough to get the pure juice of the grape.? , Now let us see where our bible wine-bibber is witl t his argument. Since Chnst made wine in Cama o i Gallilce, therefore we must drink New Jersey ci der mixed with brandy and logwood. It is righ to use this spurious, poisonous, damnable stuff, be 5 cause Christ made a harmless wine in Judea.? > Again, all imported wine has pure alcohol put int< - it to preserve it during the transportation over. thi r ocean, and has much worse effects here than ii v the country v. herc it was made. Though I could o I will not pursue the matter farther: enough ha c been said, I trust, to destroy the argument at a tempted to be built on analogy. And, if thes s statements arc true, will the preacher of righteous >f nws, whom God has set as a light between th 1 nn tKi? hroki?n hearter Jiving una m' ucau, w ^w.v. ?r ? 0 to wipe away the tears of sorrow, to give consolt d tion to the despairing, to pour the oil of ghdnej I. into the bosom of wretchedness, and to proclain it amid the eliout of angels, peace upon earth an ?. good will to men,?will such a raair, I say, adv< h cate the use of wine, thfe monster pregnant with: 1 many evils as Sin was at the gate of Hell, by r fercnce to scripture ? Would it not be " stcalir ?. ' i the livery of heaven to serve the Devil in 7" " I JSj .?> speak as unto wise men: judge ye.M JH Many true friends of temperance refuse to join m r" this society, because it will deprive them of some 1 of their rights. True, in signing the pledge one ^ does surrender a portion of his rights; but he gains ' just as many privileges. Temperance is no tyrant; ; | she pays her servants well. Some rights can not i be enjoyed in a civilized community : every mem. i ber of it has to surrender some. All sureties, good and bad, are foundpd on the same principle?the individual gives up some of his own right*to society, and, in return, society bestows favors < i_ ? _ _ A _ _ r a.' i "rH on mm. in a rnaie 01 nature, every man na* the right to punish all the injuries done to him.? I 'jm But it is otherw ise in societies; he can not use all his natural liberty?lie can not revenge his wrongs ?he must let it be done by public authority. Ex- > 5 | amp lea in proof could be taken in abundance in j every day life. If a person tries to murder you . ^rJ and escapes, you can not pursue and murder him; this is a right you have abandoned; you must hand him over to the penalty of a violated law.? I To steal your negro isdeath, but the owner can 3 not inflict it ; public justice executes the punishment. It wotnd seem as if a man could do what he has a mind with his own land, but it is not so* - ^ The law would make you a nuisance to build a - i liouse on your own land so as to cut off youriieigtn bor's light, or to leave a carcas whose decay would . ' cause sickness to his family. Let no one, then, tickle his fancy with the charm that he is mdepen. dent. We all surrender our independence every ~ hour. -Oh ye wise men, who plume your feathers ui> * -t pride, and strut in your strength, who chueklc'at theweaknessofyoarneighborashesignsthcpledge, >.' > bear it in remembrance, that to exercise all your \ } Jj rights, you must live in the mud holes of the filthy Hottentot of Africa, cat men raw with the New Zcalander, or drink human gore from an enemy's skull among the western savages. To be entirely independent is to-live lawless, act the brute, arid Iq die in violence. Besides, it is the dictate of reason, it is the com. mand of revelation, to forego individual good- to promote public happiness. Selfishness should bo silenced when benevolence speaks; private interest should yield to the superior claims of duly. Did alcohol affect those only who make use of it^ . ,* fain would we let it alone to consume itself witn its own fires. But it does not stop there. It casta a mildew co the whole community, blighting its * ^ < fairest hopes. By it, our taxes are multiplied, ?us . iJ peace broken up, and our prisons filicd, It stalks . abroad, deadly fit the leprosy, leaving a plague spot to eat out 'die vitals of youth, sap the vigor of ' manhood, and bring the hoary ncao, pcrcnancc ne reaches old age, to the grure dishonored, unwept, and unsung. Lover of cay countryPatriotism calls, and cn her altar every true citizen will lay his offering. The tec-total pledge is the only rock the unfortunate victim of intemperance can build sure hopes for the future upon. To the old pledge give thanks for the good it has done, but it has spent its ". ^ energies. The inscription is stamped on its fere- ~ v h ad, * Menc, Mene, Tekcl Upharain. Thy kingdom is numbered; tliou art weighed in thi bal. , anccs and found wanting." It is a mocker. I!y partially elevating the drunkard it prepares hioj for a greater fall; if it spares its trusting devotee, J it is but to gain time to make a plunge. Many and many a staggerer has tried it, aye! mote, has * >lived up to it, and yet still reels like a drunken man. To the intemperate it is. treacherous and > fatal. Its hopes are as little realized as hisj who chased the end of the rainbow; its resolutions aro as the "baseless fubric pf a dream." The intcmpex1 ate will no longer trifle with it j they now demand * jfc \ the tec-total pledge. The cry comes from all dircc. *?' I* tions. Friends of temperance! sober men! will - | you give it to them by your example ? Much of i the responsibility of this reformation rests on you. 1 Of the prcscn4 flrunkar is in this district, you were the accomplices. In by-gone days, young in years ' : n I light of heart, t id you not keep their company ? Did you not drink with them in the fe'.d, in the 1 shop, and by the way-side ? Did not your con. duct countenance them in the public gatherings ' : and on the muster ground ? When, on the 44 light ? -i 1 .i . 4- I fantastic toe," youui anu pleasure shook uie house with Scotch reels, Irish jig*, and country I ' dances, did you not drink to their sentiments and make the welkin nng in applaudirir their bumpers? ^ You drank with them in forming their habits; jf! 1 they have fallen but you are safe. Will, tlien, I: your skirts be clear of their ruin,jf you are unwill, * ing to make a pitiful sacrifice to raise them from 4 ?, , ' I the degradation you led them into ? I speak to B- wise men : judge ye. It is objected to this society, Uiat it goes ahc&<^ - of the people, and in the advance of. public sccti. ' ment. Can this objection weigh with an intclli1 gent mind, who has studied the progress of all re. ' * ' formations ? Instead of an objection, it is the so. ? ciety's brightest honor. There is something on. . . ' ward in this measure that agrees w ith the times, . 3". ? This is an age of improvement: nothing is station. 1 ary, except?heaven save the mark !?the old , " pledge: every thing is op the advance. The mind, 1 bursting the bonds of ignorance, is now/pressing f on in its might, and asserting its own supremacy.' - Education i6 progressing with giant strides. The t child but two feet high can 6our from planet to ' -r 3 * planet like Newton; the iron-handed blacksmith - can guide the forked lightening as well as Frank*, lin; the stripling|in the Sabbath 6chool knows more e doctrine than the grey haired saint did twenty 1 years ago; a girl in the factory can spin in a day i as much as a dozen of our good hard,working 9 grandmothers could. In fanning there is no end - to the inventions. And in these stirring times shall e temperance alone remain stationary? Shall v/e r* stop where our fathers did ? Thank God, no !?? ^ ? a daiintr snirits have seized the flag of tppi " ""' "b ~? _ _ i, pcram e and nailed her to the mast-head, Th.s is l- a wise coarse; it shows you arc true reformers, y 53 E .cr/ moral reformer has darted far in adrance i, of his age. His doctrines are new, his conclusions * d arc astounding, the multitude luugh at liim, the > 6elcct few 6hake their heads waggishly, while here ib and there an obscure sou! is ail on fire by the glo. e- ry of these new-born truths. The Grecians poi. 'o sened Socrates because he taught the Athenian I # ,