many years to the great inconvenience
of having no fixed rules whatever ?n that
subject; but oach House ot Congress
establishes regulations for the talcing ami
admission of nidenoe applicable to its
own elections, as the cases arise. Hence,
as gentlemen nre aware, contesters fro.
quently come in without a particle of
ndrnissable evidence in support of their
rlaims. The Committee of elections
prescribe rules which are sanctioned by
the House. The cor.iesters return to
their respective Urates, to attend to the
taking of cvtOchce; and the long session
has sometimes almost expired In-fore the
elections are determined. Shall we, who
have hhherto guarded our privileges on
the subject of elections with ho much
jealousy, allow this act of the President
to pneS without even a protest?
He congratulated the House upon the
prospect of having the subject referred to
a committee, with such an experienced
and well-qualified chairman as the gen. j
tleman frotn Massachusetts, [Mr. Adams.]
He hoped that the whole matter would
bo inquired into in all its hearings, and
that the committee would report what
measures we should adopt.
When the apportionment hill whs returned
to us a second time from the ?v-n. !
ate, with the amendment* of that body
Insisted on, he had, in common u ith many !
others, felt some excrement. But whim
he reflected (as he immediately did) that ;
that body had an equal light with the j
House to legislate and propose attentions ;
that it was equally interested in the sub !
jeet; that its tin mbcrs, as citizens of the
different States, composed a part of that
great constituent body which wc rcpre.
vented; when he also considcre 1 that
Iho true principle of representation consisted
less in the numbers than n the duo
responsibility of tno Representative?he j
was disposed, in a ppirit of compromise, !
to adopt a medium number. When, af. I
tarwards. n majority of the House deter- '
mined to accede to the amendments of
the Senate, he cheerfully acquiesced, and
felt that nothing had occurred to endanger
our privileges or to impair our dignity.
But if the Senate, not content with
amending, had proceeded, as a body, to j
file its interpretation of a law in the pti! ii
archives, intended exclusively for the re- I
gulation of the elect i? ns of tl.e moinbersof :
this H ouse?is there a gentleman here j
.who would not have resented the act as
an encroachment on our privileges? And
can any gentleman assign a reason why
?uch a course on the part of the Senate
wonld he either more absurd, or less authorized
by the ('?institution, than on ;
the part of the President ?
The gentleman from Virginia [Mr.
Wise] ha 1. it is true, attempted to shield i
the President under the mantle of (ion. j
Jackson, who once approved a hill, and j
put his reasons for so doing on it. The I
gentleman from Massachusetts, [Mr.
Adams,] in reply had shown that there
was no analogy between the two cases
n..? if thorn una. it would he no i list I fi
i? ii'v. w ?? 7 -.
!
cation, for precedent cannot sanction j
ierong. The hill alluded to, was a hill .
authorizing certain works of internal im- j
p'orement; and, am?ng other things,
the construction of a road from Detroit,
in tho then territory of Michigan, to Chi
Cflgo, in (ho Stale of Illinois, finnoral
Jackson approved it with a qualification, i
in effect, that it should not he cons?rued
as authorizing the construction of a mad i
in a Stale; in other words, he amended '
the bill! Surely, no one will l??r a wo i
mcnt contend that this was a constitutional
act on the part of tho old In ro. Ii
was a din ct usurpation of legislative power,
much more palpable tha i the qtnsi
exercise of the judicial function by Mr.
Tyler, in filing oa a separate j ieneof pap?r
ttu exposition of his reasons for s going the
apportionment bill; and had not Congress
been so ncar.ts adjournment, (half
an hour, as he was informed, of the end
of the aessioti,) it would, doubtless, no! j
have passed unrebukerl. He had no
doubt whatever that both (Jen. Jackson
and Mr. Tyler were actuated by fair and
honorable motives; but the assumption
of unauthorized legislative power in the
oae ca-e, and the encroachment on our i
privilege# in tlie other, are noi kss reui j
than if they had been des g ied.
i\ot content with defending the Prcsi. i
dent, the gentleman had, as was his cus- j
torn, Corned the war into trie enemy's
territory, and assailed the law upon i!h
merit#. He cottui not, however, regard
this assault as made in much sincerity;,
for, on reference to the journal winch he I
held in his hand, he found, upon the qurs- j
tion 44 Shall tie bill he engrossed, and !
read a third t me?" then;, me of" his friend j
?"Henry A. Wise"?recorded in the j
affirmative. This ivas after the districting
clause was incorporated. Not only
o; but after weeks of reflection?after
having hud all the advantage of the light 1
ihrnu-n noon the suhiect i>V thll duvilS
"? " - - - J /
ion in the other, a* well as in this branch,
of (ho Legislature?after the feature of
fractional representation had also been
in eluded. and the bill had assumed toe
precise shspe in which it he.cnmo a law*?
tbe gentleman again, in effect, voted for
It, when he voted against the mo'ion ol
"the gentleman from Maryland [Mr. V/m.
C. Johnson] to lay it on the table; the
last vote taken by ayes and noes on the
bill. After these repeated votes, bv
which this law had received his most so!- J
sanction, he was surprised to hear j
denounce it an being passed by a j
* KrnfA rnrrp." and a 44 Fed ra' maiuritv." I
that wa? endeavoring to break w:wn the
'terriers of the ConatituJion. arid trample j
?p*m the rights of the States. If it was
|?a?scd by a brute force, the gentleman)
had added to that force, the momentum ]
of bis weight. If it was passed by h j
Federal majority, the gentleman bed Ion' j
his name to swell the verv niHjopitv "I .
jvhioh ho complained. If fH*- "entli ma*! j
iatrnded any thw^ beyond eloquent de'
' t
cln mation in those !oud-9ounding epithets
and realiv repented of the votes which
he had given in favor of this law. he
j *vould r< coumumd h'tn to soothe Ins con*
j science by reading the admirable speech
of his friend and colleague [Mr. 3. H. ;
i Buiier ] in its support?a gentleman of as
' pure <lt mocratic pi meipies, and as devoted
! aitachmeiit to the rights of the States,
I as is to be found in tins House, or ei.-e
Uu^re. r"artlcuiariy uiu ne couunenu 10
the gentleman, "as a fiiend of State
! rights," that part of his colleague'*speech
j where he savs that ho does " not wonder
I at tsneers constantly thrown at the
: doctrine of State rights, when such ridicu- I
[ lous pretensions are set op by men who '
i profess to he their peculiar guardians."
J Mr. C. here referred to a number of the
j Democratic members by name, (passing j
j high eulogies on several of them.) who
hah voted for the engrossment of this i
apportionment hill, against which so much <
complaint had recently been made, and 1
which the country was persuaded to he- '
j lieve was passed by a party vote. When (
the question was oil ordering the bill to a
j thir.l reading, (districting clause inclu- (
ded,) it was voted for by several Demo- j
I nratie members. After the fractional
principle had also been introduced, the 1
follow ing gentlemen, bv voting agalf.st I '
the motion of the gentleman from Maryland
[Mr. \V. Cost Johnson] to lay the
oil I on toe table, in effect voted lor its j
passage: j
(Messrs. A. V. Brown. John Campbell, |
tt.Mil.Hii I 'liiitiin-iii Iv r I u.-:. rel flrdM. 'I'. VV . I
i?:1 iner, Charles J. Ingersoll, Wm. \V. '
irv\ in. Cave Johnson, John W. Jones,
John Thompson Mason, William Pa rim n- (
'er, George fi. Profitt, Alnion II. R< ad, (
Hykins L. Turney, Harvey M. Walterso
f, aim Henry A. Wise?1G voting for I
the law. '
i\o!withstanding those facts, an effort
was making to produce the impression |
that the Democratic party had voted i ,
against the measure cn masse. The jour- j \
r.al would show that, without their aid, s
tiic hill could not have been pissed.
The gentleman from Virginia [Mr. '
W isej had said that some regarded this J *
lull as recommendatory, and some as s
mandatory; and that many of those j
' O ing for it would not have done so, had c
they considered it in the nature of a man- |
ilale to the States to district themselves.
s
ouch the geotlemin from Aiahama [Mr. j
?>nield>] tiad declared to he his posi. ' I
lion. | v
The President's exposition of his rea- ;
sons for approving the hill was not yet i
printed ; hut he had made an extract j
from it, from which he would read the , t
following passage: v
C? ^
?*0.ie of the prominent features of the bill j
is that which purports to he mandatory on a
the States to form districts for the choice i
of R presentatives to Congress in single )
districts. That Congress itself has pow- | *
er, hv law, io alter stalcTrrgutatiOTis res- |
pectiog the manner of holding elections J
for Representatives, is clear; hut its pow. g
er to command the States to make new I
regulations, or alter their existing regutsu j
(ions, is the question upon witicii 1 Ifii j j
deep and strong doubts. I h.ivo yielded)
these doubts, however, to the opinion of: f
the Legislature, giving effect to their J
enactment as fur as depends on my up- ( ?
probation, and leaving q lestions which j
tnav arise hereafter, (;f unhappily such j r
should arise.) to he settled hy full consirj. ! 1
nation of the several provisions of the !
I ^
roust.tution and the laws, and i [
and the authority ofeach fl ?n-e to judge)
of the elect ons, ri turns, and qualifications '
of its own members."
Thus it is obvious that the President re. j
g rds this law as a command from Con. |
grc?s to the States. But, before proceed. ! t
ir>? to examine {.he constructions put tip. * 11
on r? either by him or by the gentlemen I ,
fruin Virginia and Alabama, Mr. C. i ,j
would req test gentlemen to bear in mind ! a
that there was no question of urignal c
f
State rights involved in the matter.? ;
Tne right In send members to Congress
could no more exist its a State before she |
adopted the Federal constitution, and be- | Jj
came a member of the political sisterhood, ''
than to send members to the Parliament j1
of K' gland. All the powers wiiichean he j jj
exercised, citlier l?y the Slate Legisla. ; t
tares or hy Congress, in prescribing "the ; a
times, places, and manner of holding eloc. r
turns" is confered in the same c.Ianse of d
* . I a
tiie C'Onstitulion, in language so plain, ,j
that he wito runs may road," provided he h
wjll first slrip from his eyes the film of P
prejudice. j 1
Butti.c President and the gentlemen c
[Continued on page 4.] > e
?7 |JI
Correspondencefit 'he N. Commercial Ad- j v
vv'iwer. j j,
Washington. Jtih 21. ) I "
"i'nnrbilay, 3 P. M. j j t
SENATE. _ j 8
Mr. C ilhotn presented a petition from cit- j H
izens <?t Virginia, in favor of free Cad", ap j 11
pe dad to winch wa? a Jett'-r from General 1
Harrison wnt'eri at Z-nesvilin, in ISdii, with r<
regard to the compromise act, declaring an ' ''
m.t ntion to sustain it in fpirit and in letter. 1
The letter being read by the secretary, n
Vi. 'i.olf Ilit; <rroli!)d that had (Jo- I
II I W rjjiiwwn - nen)
IJarrieon lived, tiie couirrcjni.se act "
would now be in full force, and no other law, n
aft'Ttincj it any way, could have received h.e
sanction; and that the whig?, by giving hhn
their eupj-O't, were pledged to this same
con-so of -action.
Mr. Crittenden commented po;ntedly upon
th:s pus: humous advocacy of G? n ral Har.
risen s polity, on the part of one f those who
took an active part against him, while a
candidate fo. she P CRMon *y,?and all this, ''
f.?r the purpose of carrying, now, a particular *
ldvorne nn a.-ure.
Mr. Calimtui denied that lie had ever had ^
other to iii ?!)" highest person tl respect foi
i};?'deceased President, how inurh soever lie
had hern comp??i;:,i! t'?? ppase hi? election. Cl
H'i ctnt nuid, at eomo length, hu former
I
views of the binding effect of Gen. Harrison's
pledge* upon the successful political party of
which f?r* was the candidate.
;Mr. Archer would su>k th Senator from
South Carolina, if, in the event of the inability
of thegovernrnen* to get on wiih such rove,
nue as the compromise act would alone raise,
lie would still cling to the 20 per cent, as the
max mum of duties on imports.
Mr. Ca houri would answer the Senator,
fie would never vote for more than 20 per
cent, duties, tiJi the distribution bill was repealed,
and tiil the government, exercising
tnet economy, could not get on without
more.
A disposition for retrenchment and reform
in expenditure, in the administration of the
government, must first be exhibited before he
could give any other reply to the Senator's
query.
/inif a loaaend f a
iur. v>ruiri:u*'ii nr-ciiiuu muicpuocu iv
listen to this kind of arrogant lecturing on the
part of .Mr. Calhoun.
He (.Mr. Crittenden,) did not object to rereiving
counsel ii the discharge of his public
Ju'iey, but he was in the habit of valuing
such counsel in proportion to his estimata of
the capability of his lecturer to teach He
then reviewed very critically and pungently,
too, the course of Mr. Calhoun's politics, and
his consistency in relation to various questions
3f* pubiic policy, siuce he had been in public
stations.
Mr. Calhoun responded, in an attempt at
'indication of his cousistency. During this,
ii/r. Preston was saying something to Mr.
Crittenden, and this seemed to nettle Mr.
Calhuun somewhat; he said something to the
effect that he wou'd pause, and give his colleague
an opportunity to speak, if he wished,
n corroboration or in contradiction of h.s
[Mr Calhoun's) remarks.
Mr. Preston rose and asked what his coleague
had said.
Mr. Calhoun merely said, " Let it pass."
But Mr. Pre.-ton remarked that he should j
nake a more direct and personal call on his
colleague as to wh it had fallen from him.
Mr. Calhoun proceeded, ana, closing, cnai
enged any Senator lo show that he had been
n the Jeast inconsistent in his course, for
ourteen vears !
Mr. Preston then ro?r, in some excite
nenf, arid formally demanded of Ins colleague
vhat that observation was which the lattei
iad made in relation to him, during his
speech.
Mr. Calhoun explained. He thought Mr.
?. had something to say, by his talking to
Mr. Crittenden, while he (Mr. Calhoun) was
ipeaking, and he wished to give his colleague
m opportunity to do so.
Mr. Preston said that the conduct of his
:olleague, in alluding to the private transac.
ions of Senators upon lhat floor, was a gross
ireach of the order of the body, which forbids
uch allusions ^xpi'citly.
And Mr. Pieston said that lie would give
Hr. Calhoun to understand that, when there
vas any rail tor him to speak on that floor, he
hould do it in his own lime and manner,
vithout watting for the invitation of that Sen.
Ltor.
And he went onto rebuke Mr. Calhoun for
he reference he had made to his private conversation
with a Senator. If he said any
hing to the Senate, in relation to his col
eague, his colleague had a right to demand
in explanation there, if out of the Senate,
here, too.
And m either case, he would And him (Mr.
\) entirely responsible.
Mr. Crtinuuo. VIr. President, "iny colcague
h is assumed a lofty tone,?but "
Mr. Preston. 44 Your remark* were alto[ether
unparliamentary."
Mr. Calhoun 44 The Senator should have
?een 8*ti?.fied with my explanation."
Mr. Preston again ro^e, and wa* proceedng
to .-oy something, when
Mr. Calhoun insisted upon not being anv
arth, r interrupted.
ri.o (nhtained order: hut there was
ni i n.? i o auvuu IU UC
larried to the Count do Pierre.
Several shocks of an eanhquake have re.
vntiy bcetvfelt at. M??roero, nod id the pf>uiii
f .Suain and Portuja!.
I
..... w.... ?
threat deal of excitement observable on the
[ ?>r.
Mr. Calhoun then wont on to explain llic
easnn why he had made toe allusion he did
o Ins colleague*. He had intended, simply,
n ask his colleague tocontrad'ct, if he could,
iny thing lie was saying. That was all, and !
;m colleague might make the most of it !
Mr. lJr? sion still insisted that. Mr. C.'ti aU
usion was ent.rely unparliamentary.
Mr. Calhoun remarked that that wag a
[uesiion fur the tSen ile to decide, and not
us colle igue.
Mr. Arcner hoped this difference between
he Senators liom ISouth Carolina mightier. !
ninale here. And here it dropped.
Alter some more conversation between
dr. Crittenden and Mr. Calhoun, upon the j
naiti iopic, the mat er was laid on 'he table,
nd the Senate was acting on private?or
ale.-,Uar?busm?'St?, when the hour arrived :
or the closing up of this letter.
FORK1GN.
The news from Lngland is down to the
nil July. The punishment of Francis who
iad shot at the Queen has been commuted ;
o banishment for life to one of the inosi rigid
f the penal settlements. Another ft how
las been apprehended on suspicion of an inentiou
to assassinate her majes'y. The
mount of evidence against him is that he
epeatediy justified the attempt of Francis,
nd wished that he had succeeded. Ho was
forwards lound near tne place at which
lie Queen passed in her carriage, having in
s possession a rusty pistol loaded with coarsp
owder, and broken pipe stems. Some allege
hat he snapped the pis ol at the carriage.
At the annual dinner of the Uritish Assoiat.on,
compose.! of many of the most influntial
men in the kingdom, tho American
Minister war present, and toasted. The toast
/as introduced by the chairman, Lord Kger
on, with a series of remarks highly complilentary
and conciliatory, and was drank by
he company standing and with much entnu
iao.i Mr. -R verett reohed vprv annrotiri. I
. ....... . ... ?-- _r ^ -rr; r ?
tely and took his seat amidst tlio cheering of
he assembly
The accounts from all parts of the country
pspectmg I lie prospects of I he harvest, aro of
ic most cheering dheracter.
The6tate of trade is about the same. The
larkets iiave a downward tendency in consquence
of the promising state of the crops,
le easy rates of money, and the general stag,
ation of business.
'I tie o.d ruinor that the Queen of Engind
is again in a delicate fix, ik repealed.
rI lie reports of Russian successes in Cir.
assia are not confirmed.
Tiic difficulties in 1 lie Turkish provinces of
losina and Mervia appear to be quieted.
The French claim to have gained some
ew successes in Algeria, out these successes,
ke those achieved by our own troops in
'mrida. do not always "stay" successful.
The rich and beautiful American heiress,
1 'Pk?..?ivA Itivlll Of D J IU uk/Vllf t/v U.k
Meetings of the shop keepers of Manches*
fer, Wolverhampton, Leice?ter, and other
large towns, have been held to consider the
prevailing distress.
The extensive firm of Messrs. Hay and
& Ogilvie, merchants and bankers of Berwick.
have suspended payment.
Upwards of thirty persons, of a fishing party,
were drowned near Bangor, Wales, on the
24th, under circumstances winch rendered
the calamity in the highest degree afflictive.
The troubles in Ireland still continue. Even
: the prospect of an abundant harvest does not
appear to allay the murmurs of discontent.
Twenty houses and a quantiiy of valuable
property were burnt and damaged at Rotherite
some lime since.
More than five thousand operatives were
out of employ in the mining districts of Truro,
and about an equal number of women and
boys whose services had been connected With
mining operations. The distress among them
was unparalleled.
Latest accounts from Spain speak of rencweti
difficulties on the formation of a new
| Cabinet. In the mean time the public business
is suffering, the public treasury empty,
confidence lust, and the laws openly dened.
The crops and the vintage, however, give
promise of an abundant harvest, in most ol the
provinces.
The ratification of the long ponding treatics
between Great Britain a id Texas ?ere
exchanged on the 27th, by the Earl of Aberdeen,
Plenipotentiary ol Great Britain, and
the Hon. Abel Smith, Plenipotentiary of
Texas.
THK NORTHKA3TKRN BOUNDARY.
Our paragraph m Saturday s paper,
respecting the Boundary Negotiation,
turns out to have been well founded. It
is now generally known that all the Commissioners
from the two States interested
n it have signified their assent to the line
proposed. If no unforeseen or unexpeced
difficulty should arise, this very important
transaction will ere long receive
us completion. What the line agreed on
is, or what are its terms or conditions, we
lave not yet learnt. We take it for
granted that all these are fair and honorable;
and as they are satisfactory to the
parties principally concerned, we douhl
not they will prove equally so to (he
country. And most sincerely do we
congratulate the country on tho settlement
of a controversy of. we may say,
fifty years dura!ion?a controversy which
uas even threatened to involve the country
in the calamities ol war.
All those who have labored successful,
i i.. i..: ......u .. ........o n..-#...,..
I y III LMlll>? ii uiJU l nui.il it icau.i vic?at;i ? u iiiu
unstinted thanks of tne country. Toe
settlement of this and other interesting
questions, winch we trust will also he satis
tnctorily adjusted, wnl he an event equally
honorable and fortunate to the Executive
administration. We hear from all sides.
| and it gives lis pleasure to rcpcut it, that
the President has manifested a sincere Ue
sire to arrange the questions in difference
bet ween the U nited States and England
in a manner honorable and satislucloiy.
| And we cheerfully use this occasion to
say, that while we have been obliged to
e*|>ress our disapprobation of other unpOi*
taut acts of the present Chief Magistrate,
we know nothing which we do not approve
in Ins conduct of our Foreign Relations.
On these subjects, Hie general
(one and character of tne Executive mes
_ - / ? -..J i. 11
sages .11 i/iurgress, uiiu uiucr puonc com
municaiions, Have been pair.otic, digm
tied, and well considered. We mi?ht udd,
too, tiiut looking to some of the |irnicipui
! missions aoroad, we do not know when
they have been tilled?certainly not lor a
longtime pa>t?by incumbents more use(ill
and honorable to the nation. We most
sincerely hope that tli Adniinistralion
may enjoy iheenviahie distinction ot pulling
at rest difficulties which have so long
existed,and wnieii at times seemed to
thre.tcn trie general peace.
The Commissioners to arrange for a
convention line, were, on the pari of
Maine, Edicard Kuoannagh Kent, i\. P.
Preble^ and John Olls ; o.i the part of
M; issacnuseits, Aobotl Latere nee, John
Mills, and Charles Allen. These moM
respectable gentlemen, high in (he confidence
of tneir respective Stall s, appointed
without reference to political parties,
and confined to none, wih, we are conv
need, he tound to have executed the
trust reposed in them in the most desirable
and honorable mariner.
We know nothing ol lhe particular
proceejings which have taken place in this
negotiation since the publication of trie
letter of the Secretary of State to the Gov
or ii/iru of Mmrio sinfi l\l '.issacllsct Is. Ill
May last. The business, as we then fell
and said, was well begun, tnough we liesi.
tated to indulge in any very sanguine hop.
ea of bunging so many diiicreni nileresis
to agree. That Ibey have agreed, is
creditable alike to the patriotism ana good
sense of all parlies.
The States interested desorve eminent
commendation for tne manner in which
they appointed and gavo lull powers to
their Commissioners, as well as for the
selection of individuals so tilled for their
high trust.
And, while giving duo credit to all who
have been instrumental in bringing about
the happy result which we took up our
pen to announce, we must not pass by
mm who, it is to be presumed, guided
and was the chiel counsellor in the negotiation.
We mean of course the decre-j
tory of State. The task which devolved
upon him was a most ditiiculi one.?
I'ne courage arising from a high sense
of duty was necessary to embolden bun
10 attempt w hat so many had failed I
in : and prudence, wise conduct, and J
tirm determination must have been re- j
quisite to success. We are greatly
deceived in our judgement and our in'or.
uicilion in this matter, it when the histoiy
of tins negotiation is pubi.shed, the Secretary
does not hate tins piaisc uwuidcd him
by the unanimous public voice.
in conclusion, we congratulate the
British Envoy upon the honorable result
of ins difficult mission, w hich cannot but
confirm to him the respect and regard that
hi." urbanity ami acceptable drportinem
i
, have won from all who have had occasion
to know him.
Correspondence N. Y. Commcrcioal Advertiser.
Washington, Saturday. July 23.
The Negotiatonm.
i This important matter has at length
reached a definitive point. Maine, the;
state most deeply interested, has agreed
to a convention, provided the senate of
the United States shall confirm it.
The items of the convention arc in substance,
as follows
Maine and Massachusetts relinquish
m/tn tilvr nil t lin Iapi-i V/^rt U m\C t ho flf
' 11C ?l i \ j Ull II1C Itl I UUI > 41UI 111 VI HIV
\ John's. That which they do not relinquish
is a segment hetween that river and
the St. Francis.
The free navigation of the St. John's
river is ceded by Grent Britain to the
United States.
In consideration of such relinquish,
men Is on the part of the two states, the
sum of 8300,000, to be equally divided
between them, is paid by Great Britain,
which government also stipulates to pay
the expcnces to which Main has been put,!
in defence of the disputed territory.? j
8200,000 more.
A Liberal arrangement of the North,
ern boundary line, on the New Hampshire
Vermont and New York frontiers, has
been acquiesced in by Great BritainThese
are the main features of the convention.
A short time will enable me to
give the details exactly as they are.
Great Britain* and Texas.
We learn by the Acadia that the ratifications
of the long.pending treaties between
Great Britain and Texas were exchanged
on Tuesday the 28th ultimo by
(he Earl of Aberdeen, Plenipotentiary of
Great Britain, and the Hon. Ashbel Smith
Tionipotedtiary of the Republic of Tex
as;
These treaties arc threo in number: a
treaty of amity, navigation, and com-1
tucrce?a treaty undertaking mediation J
by (treat Brtta.n between tiio republics
of Mexico and Texas?and a treaty granting
reciprocal rigiit of searc'i for the .suppression
of the African slave trade.
Tiiey were negotiated in IS40, and conI
eluded in November of that year, by Viscoiint
Pal.nerston and General James}
Hamilton. The powers to ratify the two
brst have been considerable time in Kngland,
but their completion has been delayed
until the ratifications of the treaty
granting ih? right of search could !>e
simultaneously exchanged.
The following are published as article*
of the treaiy of mediation ;
Art. 1. The republic of Tcxaa agree
I hat if, by means of tho mediation of her
Britannic Majesty, an unlimited truce
shall be established between Mexico nnd '
f Texas within thirty days after this pres
ent eonvention shall have been common .
rated to the Mexican Government by her
Britannic Majesty's mission at Mexico,
and if within six mouths from tho day on
which that communication shall have
I been so made, Mexico shall have conclu
filed a treaty of peace "with Texas, then,
and in such case, the republic of Texas
! will take upon itself a portion, .amounting
f to one million pounds sterling, oflhocapi1
till of the foreign debt contracted by th^
! republic of Mexico before the 1st of Feb- 1
I rnnrv' 18H.1.
Art. 2. The mnnncr in which the
capital of one million pounds sterling of '
foreign debt, mentioned in the preceding
article, shall he transferred from the re. 1
public of Mexico to the republic of Texas
shall be settled hereafter by special 1
agreement between the republic of Texas '
and the republic of Mexico, under the '
mediation of her Britannic Majesty.
From the N. O. Piciyuno, July 2S. ? <
a ml'kdkhkk s attrkst. (
Under this caption in our paper of
Tuesday we briefly noticed the arrest of i
one Wiley Freeman, for the murder of <
his wife. Tne particulars we received at I
too an late hour on the previous evening t
to give them .in full. They were yester- I
day 44 crowded out," louse a technical, <
phrase, hy news from Mexico, Texas, 1
Tiiey arc of an extraordinary char- j
actor, and inasmuch as they show that >
the Omniscient eye is ever on the mur- i
derer, they point a moral on which it is f s
well to reflect.
Freeman is about forty-eight years of \
age; his countenance bespeaks shrewd- t
ncss and intelligence, and it also plainly r
j t? lis of a mind harrowed up with feelings j
I of intense agony and bitter, biting re
morse. He was raised in Kdgefield, SCarolina,
and was married at tho early
age of twenty-one or twenty-two years. I
His wife he had known from early infancy i
?thev went to school together and <
' # # w
; together p;irticipatod iti the village sports. -t
Their union seemed to be such a one as (
would insure perpetual happiness?undy- |
mg love. Tlie poet says?
'* Bat hippy Ihey, tho luppiist nf thoir kind, ,
Whom gentle stars unite, and in one fa'o
Their hearts, their furtunei and their beings j 1
bleud.* j I
But, alas ! though early association and ?
! similarity of tastes and ages would seern I
! to have combined to render .Mr. Freeman (
! and his wife blissful and happy, feelings ,
j apparently at war with nature rose up and | |
! mmltj Ihein miserable. After having lived t
| together for some twenty.two years, and ; (
after having given to the world eleven!
children, the marriage vow, mutually t?i- j
ken. was broken, and the parties who;
pledged themselves to live and love to- *'
gether ir, sickness and in health?through *
good and evil tortune?became severed, *
disunited. I
r reeirmn, it appears, became the sottish "
slave of intemperance, and, as a nocessa- I1
ry cons'qm ncc, failed to discharge the s
I v
duties incumbent on every husband?on
every father. The mother (Mrs. Free. C
man)?hh mothers ever do?clang to her
children, a.id used her every exertion to
supply them with those necessaries and
that education and protection which it
was the duty of a father to provide.
Freeman would sometimes come and
take from hi9 wife the younger members
of the family; and thia would eeem to
have been done more with a view of her.
rowing the mothe.'a feelings than for any
paternal affection which he felt for hia
cmidren.
On one occasion he look off the young
er children and placed them at the house
of a sister of his. Their mother, feeling
soiicitious for their welfare, sent one of
her soiis, a young man seventeen years
old, after them, who brought thein back
to their mother. Th*y had not long left
when Freeman returned to his sister's and ^
found them gone-?his mind dethroned by
rum, and his soul tired by an unfounded
jealousy, (for this cursed pasaion, too,
preyed on him) he hastily seized his rifle,
swearing that he would take the life of his
own son ! He loaded his piece with two
halls, hurried after his children with the
design of spilling their blood, but failed to
overtake them.
Having so failed, and having determined
to do a foul and bloody deed, he went
on to the house of his wife, whom he found
engaged at her domestic duties?he levelled
his rifle at her, and ere she had
time to 8ay,44 God have mercy on in*!"
he lo Iged the fatal bullets in her body.
She lived but a few hours afterwards.
This, as we said on Tuesday was on
the 10th of June, 1837. He fled. The
authorities ef the state offered a reward
for him, and he was taken in the state of
Alabama. He was sent back and imprisoned
in the district jail of Edgefleld.
From lhn he managed to escape before
the time for his trial came on ; and made
his way through Tennessee and Mississippi
to this city. Here, being an active
rrinrhunir. he worked for a considerable
#IU VII ?MW ? . ..w..y ?? ?
icss. and returned the same evening to
i neighbor's house in Lexington District,
n the vicinity of the plantation, whero
ic remained during the night. In (tie
norning, after an early breakfast, he loft
or the ferry where he usually crossed tho
Jonguree; and from that time nothing
.vas hoard of luni until Saturday evening
ust, when his body was found in the rivr,
about ten miles below this place, bearng
evident marks tiiat violence had l?een
isoii to cause his death. Ho was soerely
bruised on the breast and shoulder,
iiul a severe wound had lieen indicted on
us neck, ?supposed to have heeu done
vith ii hatchet or ux,? winch h <d comilctrly
severed the tendons, and even
eft an indentation of the vertehr*. His
n.r*e had been previously found, and his
addle, coat, waistcoat, boo's, aad watch
i-eie discovered on ^a'tirday, ahout forty
time with Mr. Sewell, tho builder, end
in tho construction of the Nashville Railroad.
But, though he found employment,
found not peace?:he canker-worm of
guilt gnawed at his heart, and the spirit
of a murdered wife haunted hi* walking
tbnugnf* and sleeping hour#. Urged on,
therefore, hy n spirit of disquietude, he
went to Texas ; troin thence he travelled
with a caravan to Mexico?worked at various
employment* there, but still*') per.
torbed was his mind that the labor of the
day brought not sleep to hi* eyelid*.
In endeavoring to fly, ant were, from
his own infamy, he came back to this city
remained here wo know not how longleft
and was making hi* way through tha
interior of the state, when he was arrested
in the parish of Rapides on the 15th instant
And here a new feature in this extraordinary
story presents itself to the reflective
mind, and one showing forth, in color*
too perceptible to be mist*U?nf the
retributive justice that belongs to Omnipotence.
At the time that Freeman murdered
his wife, she had an only brother, named
John Crawford, resoling in the State of
Ah.lmmn. some Ave hundred miles distant
from Rdgefield. Having heard of the
fatal affair and of Freeman's escape from
prison, he left ins home resolved to pursue
him unto death and avenge a sisters
blood. He followed "> his wake in this
city, Texas, arid elsewhere; but never
coul I he lay his eyes on him.
After a four years'crusade of this kind
?end a holy one it was?he became
broken in spirit and bankrupt in means.
and with a View of recruiting both, he offered
his services to Mr. Tanner of Rnpidia
as an assistant or overseer, and in this
capacity ho was when a providential
fate?
n?at aliapr* wr en''?,
Rou,;!i hew ihem how wo wi'J"?
Jrove Freemen in his path, who was then
jn his way to Texas.
N"w we come to a close. Crawford
saw Freeman pass, hut had some doubt
>f his identity. They soon vanished,
lowevcr; and taking down his gun, and
oqucsting Mr. Tanner to accompany
urn, he followed after Freeman, and prleringhimto
stand, he added?44 Well,
Wiley Freeman. I have come up with
r ou nt last!" The other, apparently in a
late of paralysis, replied?44 Don't kill
ne, Jack!? 1 give up. I did kill your
iistcr, hut it was all Tompkins' fault!"
fie was arrested, and is now on his
vay to Sooth-Carolina, to make reparation
o the laws oi his country for his bloody
irnl inhuman deed. We wish him a
ust deliverance.
MUKDJCR.
It becomes our raHancholly duty to
ecord the murder of an estimable young
nan named Daniot McCaskill, late an
)versecr in the employment of Col. Richlrd
Singleton, on one of his plantations
n this District. He had visited Colum .;?
\f imilnu thn I aril i nsf - on bllfM.