Farmers' gazette, and Cheraw advertiser. (Cheraw, S.C.) 1839-1843, May 24, 1842, Page 314, Image 2
" masr.T? T ^i.-r"
^ ng evidence of I !?oir fertilizing proportion; I
for nil mound llu* edges of those liMle j
mounds the preen, ward Iind firmed a
strong and close turf. Will; this evidence
before mv eyes, I could not rcsi: t tlie
conviction. that i.us d?'-|?i>ed and neglcctcd
thin?v was a valuable manure. It also
occurcd to mo, that my white livcrv lands
were the very {dace to apply it. Accordingly
after grubbing and otherwise pre.
paring lhcs?e low places, m which I It <d a
g 'Oil deal oi labor,! began tocait on the
con I ashe.s. And here it is tell to ludicrous
what a subject of ridicule I speedily h('came
among my sapient neighbors. My
carts were sometimes stopped, and the
' ' I-- l i. / '.in i ii'ir inn j.
me a short homily on my neglect oi Jinm. un
this i have a word or two to shv. And, firsi,
I thank him for his remarks. I receive them
in the spirit of kindness, for this I know is he
spirit in which they were made. But let us
inquire wherein consists the great value of
lime as a in mure? And here oerhaps 1 may
advance some things which will deprive nv of
the good opinion which it s^ems that J)r Du
puy and others have formed ? f my mode of
fanning. If this be the case, I shall sincerely
regret it, but shall, notwithstanding, piocecd
in my simple but candid way.
No one, then, as far as I am informed,
pteterwis that imie is an enricher, or that it
hjm one single enriching quality. The early
opinion was that it acted as a stimuli)?, strong*
fy exiting a plant to seek for all the food that
might be in us reach. Cut this opinion is
now. 1 believe, pretty generai'y exploded; and
the more modern phrase is, th t it is c-liiefl'
useful in fixing the manures in the s il, and
thus rendering thetn permanent Tins, if 1
understand hiin aright, is the idea which the
editor intends to convey in his note Now in
this I do most cordially and fuNy agree with
him, and I do contend that my practice has
been uniformly in accordance with the 6amo.
The editor, and all the advocates for lime, will
admit that manure or vegetation of some
kind Is necessary as aprcparalnry application
No one, at. the present day, will think of ap plying
liitic to a naked soil. But the firs!
effort is ?o charge the soil with vegetation,
and then the lime w ili have something to act
*ipon. Now I have been doing this very
!t)iing ever since I became a farmer. My land,
as 1 before stated, was perfectly naked. It
would not do to report to lime, whilst it was
in that state. It needed manure, it needed a
cover, it now has boih ; and now, and not till
now, war it in a state to receive liine.
But it seems that manure will ^not be permanent
unless it has been fixed, by lime/This,
I confess, ! do not thoroughly under.-t-md.
Jlfy idea is, that tjic manutes fix themseives.
The reason why they are rot permanent, is
because there is a deficiency in the supply.
Make ilie supply ample, and I\iil guaranty
th it they will be p nnanent. In accordance
with this, we see that in ca?osofgroat f.-rtili.
ty the crop is uniformly a large one. Now
let this crop fall and rot on the land, and thufl
keep up the necessary su ply, and the conse.
quence will be, that fertility will not only be
permanent, but will actual'y increase. In
fores's, therefore, where the whole product is
iJepixsjted, and norhing is taken olF, the l-mds
question seriously uskcu,
ter l>e in his senses, in carrying out that
useless tliiM"!" 1 however [(reserved,
nud the very next season I reaped as
luxuriant a crop ot grass, from this poor
cold livery land, as I ever saw grow on
the rich bottoms in the upper country.
The tables are now completely turned, for
I frequently detect rnv neighbors in eom.
uniting the same folly, for which they
heaped on me such a load of ridicule.
There is also another circumstance
winch highly recommends the coach ashes
as a manure, and tiiat is, that they are
not only speedy, hut permanent in their
effects. How long they will last, and
still manifest their efficacy, I cannot tell,
lean point to places on my lann which
were enriched by them (en years ago and
these jdaces are rich still. Every time I
plough I hring up portions of these ashes,
end they appear as fresh as they were when
first applied. Whether they have the
faculty of fixing other manures in the soil.
I cannot tell; hut this I know that they
have the wonderful faculty of fixing
themselves. From the fact of their exceedingly
slow decomposition, one would
mppose that they hail hut little, if any
elTv ary. But when I see those places on
which thev have been deposited, closely
covered with a strong turf, I must conclude
1 hat there is a powerful influence at
work, though I cannot understand the
mode ol jia operation.
Encouraged by mv success on the cold
livery lands. I determined to test the value
of this article on the higher and lighter
lands. And here the experiment was
equally sntisfactci y. On a part of a field
which f cultivated in corn 1 applied putre<*ent
manures ; on another purl, lying
-?ib?n?T ihe s?ch? of it. I annhed coal asiies.
e? - -i i
The season, especially the latter part of
it, was rather a bud one for com. About
the time of earinji.il was attached w ith
a drought from w hich the crop sulTerec;
scvciely. Tint I could but no'ire tin
striking difference in the two portions of
the field. \V here the manure was applied
the hlailes fired. n??W the product
was indillbrent; w hereas, where the ashes
was put, the eorn maintained a vigorous
green even to the lowest blade, and the
crop was a hcavv one.
But the chief value ofthis article is ns a
topdressing on the grasses. Ib-re its uniform
action it as a charm. Last spring I had the
pleasure of a visit from a highly valued fiiemi
from the upper country. Tins visit, as he
naul, was to the farm as well as to me. Afu r
passing over several fields, I conducted hen to
<mewhich had been covered with ashes flm
preceding winter. Aim! Jlrore he ? xpre s
ed his utter astonishment, deelarng thai fie
had never seen any tiling to equai it, except
under the strong influence of gypsum. I
ought to observe, that this field bad been
.seeded to timothy and herds-grass, but there
was a considerable sprinkling of volunteer
clover among it.
"TVw is, how ever, one gn-at. drawback to
lire value of this article, and that is ps great
weight. When sobbed by detrains of winter,
(and most of ft is in this condition ) 12 bushels
is a good load for an orebnary team. Indeed
inv mules oflen stiff r very much under their
task of three loads per day to the distance of
nlmut three miles. Upon the whole,! am so
thoroughly convinced of the enriching qualities
of coal ashes, that could 1 find a bed of them
on my farm, I sliould fee) myself atnniy compensated
for the w ant of the richest inarl.
But the ed tor has thought proper lo r^ad
w - r * ' 4 i lvr-mrwJK
! arc in a state of continual progressive improvement,
and that too without a particle oi lime j
i li> fix the manure.
Hut it wi'l l>o said that, according to this,
! the purposes of cultivation will he defeated;
that the object of tiling" js not merely to kf'P
i up /ertilify. hut to obtain supplies for the oilier
necessary purposes of life. This is all gran|
led, and at the same time 1 maintain that,
where the products are regular'.)' removed
from the land, depreciation will necessarily en:
sue, unless other vegetation is furnished to
j supply the deficiency, 'eme alone, without
! oih -r enriching1 substances for it to act upon,
i will not an* vr tli?* purpose. "The one
j ?Iii??or peed'ul." then, is n<?} lime, hut enriching
j vegetation to make fortili'y permanent. I
j will n ?\v inform tlio editor tint, some time ago,
| I did use lime to some e\tet t. My first exI
perimont was with hnrnt oyster shell?, and en
! a piece of land which had been recently clear[
ed. II-re the effects were evident and highly
j satisfactory. About thi* time I got. hold of
j the editor's invaluable Essay on Calcareous
j .Manures Other shorter productions, also,
setting forth the great value of lino as a manj
ure, were constantly coming under tr.v notice;
| from all which I concluded'hat this w is indeed
the "one thing1 needful" as an improver,
of the soil. A. Robinson, esq , my next neigh!
bor, had also taken tip the same opinion.
Accordingly we both procured lime, and without
regard to any previous preparation, made
our applications with the most confident expectations
of success. Cut mortifying to tell,
our effor's were without any benefn ial effect
I whatever. We had expended our money
! and labor, bo'h to a considerable ox'ent, and
( our on v rewaid was morliticatiou and di?ap~
j pointmeut.
I n connexion with the above views, and going
a great way towards confirming them. I
| wilistu'e that I lately made a visit to Mr. F.
' *V 'S ?n?'.'1 tny niosi industrious and
j enterprising neighbors. I found liiin, just
i where 1 like to see very \ottug a.nl healthy
farmer, in'he mid'-t of Ins negroes not sitting
?\r? n cl uinn lU/lttirtinflT hie own indolence
n r- ^
whilst taxing their exertions, hut ar.ttial'y ho'd'n<r
the handles of the plough and tukmjf his
j full part in the labors of the (Uy. Whilst
j there, besides several piles ol manure which
I were d-posit* H in his at convenient points
j for his crop, / observed a considerable quintii
ty of oyster site I Is, somn already burnt,
i and others in a situation readv to undergo
that necessary operation. 1 ought to
inform the reader that, for two years or
more, Mr. Staples has been in the hahil
j of making considerable usa of (his article
on his farm. And here \ could not hut
I be struck with the remarkable coincidence
J that without any previous observation
! leading to the remark, thisj'idicj
ions manager, pointing to the lime
| did say, 44 I have been greatly
! disappointed in that article." Having
j been disappointed myself in the same
I manner, 1 was at no loss to exp nin the
^utsoof his failure. It was simply he
cause his land was not prepared for it.
It needed the great prerequisite, manure :
and all doses of lime administered in this
state, instead of curing the patient, did
j hut aggravate the m?lndv. Here then
isa distinction which I th iik of paramount
rn port a nee, and I hereby givn it all the
I prominence of which I air. capable. ITy
not attending to this d.stinction, I am
O ,
j fully convinced that much mischief has
been done, and the only way to counteri
act the evil is to arrest it at once. How
j much my neighbors and others may have
J stifli-red in this way 1 cannot t? 11, but in
j inv own ease I am confident that $100
! would not cover the I ?s?. The editor,
i therefore, and all others w ho are so earni
est about firing manures with lime, will
I see to it, that the manures are in the land
' / . . , , / .I
dejore tlicy attempt to n.\ incm.
Rut it will he objected, tlint according
to mv own account of the matter, one experiment
in the use of lime was a successfill
one. To this I reply, that this only
confirms the position taken ahovc. It
will he recollected that this experiment
was on land newly cleared. Hero there
were many small roots and other litter
for the lime to aet on, without which, I
hesitate not to saw there would have been
tiie cairie disappointment as in the other
cases.
And here perhans T ought to conclude,
hut still I am unwilling to stop, fearing
that I inav not have been fully understood,
J
and thus may draw upon myself the ani
madversions of others for sentiments
which I do not entertain. I do therefore
candidly state, that whilst I regard lima
under some circumstances as a most valuable
article, I do at the same tiinc consider
it a most dangerous one, especially in
the hands of the inexperienced. We
j now know that it is a most caustic thing,
j but we did not know it (ill we had first
j hurnt our fingers with it. And as no one
I is disposed to blame himself, but ifpossij
hie to fix it on olhcrs, we arc disposed to
j give a portion of tbc blame to the editor,
J who, by representing it " as the one thing
j needful," has unintentionally induced
i some of us Iyroes to inflict this injurv on
! ourselves. In mv next, (unle s I have
i to defend myself from l lie attacks of others
! 1 shall detail my course of cropping.*
J. II. Trunks.
DOCUMENTS
i relating to affairs of rhode island.
statement
Submitted by Messrs. Whipple, Francis,
and Poller, to the President of the Failed
Stales.
The undersigned, having been deputed
by Samuel W. King, the (governor of
! the State of lihodc Island, to lay before
j you the present alarming condition in
which the people ol the Mate are placed,
and to request from you the adoption of
such prudential measures as, in yonr
i opinion, may tend to prevent domestic
! violence, hog leave most respectfully to
I state the following, among the leading
i facts, to which your attention is more
! particularly invited :
That the people of Rhode Island have
no fundamental law except the charter ot
King Charles the Second, granted in
IGt>.'3, and ttie usage of the Legislature
I under it. Legislative usage under their
I their charters has been decided hv the I
' Supreme Court of the Cnitod States to
y < <? ' -?-? w- TSJwr'.-v !"/ " -
he the fun Itmental law, both in Conncc- |
ticot and Rhode Island.
That, from the (late of the Rhode Island
charter down to the year IS41, a period
of nearly two hundred years, no person
has been allowed to vote for town or State :
I officers unless possessed ol competent es.
! tales, ami admitted free in the several j
i towns in which they resided.
That, since the statute of 1723, no |
i person could be admitted a freeman of I
! any town unless he owned a freehold cs- J
| tale of the value fixed by law, (now one !
' hundred and thirty four dollars,) or was
j the eldest son of such a freeholder.
That, until the past year, no attempt
I Imx boon made, to our knowledge, to cs.
| tablish any other fundamental law, bv
: force, than tiic one under which the pco!
pie have lived for so long a period.
That, at the January session of the
Legislature in 1841, a petition, signed by
live or six hundred male inhabitants, pray* j
ing for such an extension of sulFrage as |
the Legislature might, in their wisdom,j
I deem expedient to propose, was present- j
! ed. :
That, influenced l?y that petition, as
j well as by other considerations, the Leg*
' isluture, at that session, requested the
; qualified voters, or freemen, as they are
called with us, to choose delegates at their
regular town meetings to be liolden' in
i o r*
August, 1840, for n convention, to hefl
liolden in November, 1841, to frame a
written constitution.
That the result of the last meeting of
this legal convention, in February, 1842,
I Wis the constitution accompanying this
1 statement, marked ?, which, in case of
; its adoption by the people, would have
1 been the supreme law of the State.
Most of the above facts are contained
in the printed report of a numerous committee
of the Legislature, at their session
in March, 1842, which report was adopj
ted by the Legislature.
That, in May, 1841, after said legal
convention had been provided for by ttic
i Legislature, and before the time appoint*
i cd for the choice of delegates by tho quali*
j tied voters, (August, 1811.) a mass meeting
was held by the friends of an ex ten*
I sion of suffrage at Newport, at which
; meeting a committee was appointed, call*
! ed the State Committee, W^o were air*
; thorized bv said mass meeting to take
i measures for calling a convention to
frame a constitution.
That this committee, thus authorized,
! issued a request for a meeting of the male
: citizens in the several towns to appoint
j delegates to the proposed convention.
That me tings, ?f unqualified voters
principally, (as we believe.) were accordingly
holden in the several towns, unaoj
thorized by law, and contrary to the invariable
custom and usage of tljc State
j from 1063 down to that period. That
the aggregate votes appointing the deloj
nines tt? timi eoi*', itcctirutrtg
| to their own estimate, about 7,200;
whereas the whole number of . male citi-,
i zens, over twenty-one years of nge, after
! making a deduction for foreigners, paupers,
&e., was, also according to their
own estimate, over 22,000.
That this conven'ion, thus constituted,
convened in Providence in October, 1841,
! and the constitution called the 44 people's
f constitution" was the result of their dc'
liberations.
That, at subsequent meetings of portions
of the people, in December, 1841.
' bv the authority of this convention alone,
| (elected, as its delegates had been, by
about one-third of the voters, according
to their standard of qualification.) all
males over twenty one years of age were
j admitted to vote for the adoption of the
| people's constitution. That these meet
: ings were not under presiding officers
whose legal duty or legal right it was to
interpose any check or restraint as to
age, residence, property, or color.
- r i ?u -1.! _i_ _ r 41 :
! tfV i?e lotineenin nrucic 01 uiuir constitution
it was provided, that "This
! constitution shall he submitted to the pen.
|>le, Tor their adoption or rejection, on
| Monday, ?he 27lU of December next, and
j on the two succeeding flays." * * "And
j every person entitled to vote as aforesaid,
j who, from sickness or ulher causes, may
| be unable to attend and vote in the town
or ward meetings assembled for voting
| upon said constitution, on the days tifnrcsail],
is requested to write his name on a
i ticket, and to obtain the signature upon
the back of the same of a person who has
given in his vote as n witness thereto.?
' And the moderator or clerk of any town
) or ward meeting, convened for the purI
pose aforesaid, shall receive such va,e on
I either of the three days next succeeding
j the three davs before named for voting
j for said constitution."
During the first three days about nine
j thousand votes were received from the
I hands of the voters in the open town
'meetings. fly the pi ivilege granted to
I every and all the friends of the con>tifn[
tion, of bringing into their meetings the
j namks of voters during ihe three followj
ing davs, five thousand votes more were
I obtained, making an aggregate of about
( fourteen thousand voles.
This constitution, thus originating and
thus formed, was subsequently declared
by this convention to be the supreme law
of the land. I?v its provisions, a Gov-,
ornment is to be organized under it, by
the choice of a Governor, D'cut. Governor,
Sennto's and Representatives, on I
me .ilonuny piereaing me intra H ednes- ;
; (lav in April, 1^42.
f5y llie provisions of the " I;ini]?io!cIer.s9 j
I constitution," as the legal ennstirutinn is!
I called, every white male native citizen, J
possessing the freehold qualification, and
over twenty-one years of age, may vote, !
upon a residence of oxi: year; nnd with- j
out any freehold, may vote upon a residence
of two years, except in the case of
votes for town taxes, in winch case the'
voter must possess the freehold qualification,
or he taxed for other property of the
[ vuluc'of.$ 150, i j
By the "people's constitution," "eve.
ry white male citizen of the United
States of thence oftwenty-one years, who
has resided in this State for ovi: year,
and in the town wliere he votes for six
months," shall he permitted to vote, with
the same exception as to voting lor town
taxes ns is contained in the other constitution.
The provision, therefore, in relation (o
the ?;re:il subject in dispute, the elective
franchise, is substantially the same in
the two constitutions.
. Oa the 21sl, 22d, and 23d .March last,
tlie legal constitution, hy an act of the
Legislature, was submitted to all the pet.
t i i i. _
sons wno, ny iis provisions, wouiu nc entilled
to vote under it, after its adoption,
for their ratification. It was rejected by
a majority of G7G, the number of votes
polled being over 10,000. It is believed
that many freeholders voted against it,
because they were attached to the old
form of government, and were against
any new constitution whatever. I?oth
parties used uncommon exertions to bring
I all their voters to the polls; and the result
of the vote was, under the scrutiny
: of opposing interests, in legal town meet-ings,
that the friends of the people's constitution
brought to polls probably not
over 7,000 to 7,500 votes. The whole
j vole against the legal constitution was
"about 8,000. If we allow 1.000 as the
number of freeholders who voted against
j the legal constitution, because Ihuy are
j opposed to any constitution, it would
leave the number ol the friends of the
people's constitution 7,000, or one-third
of the State under the new qualification
proposed by cither constitution.
?- " .l_? i I K.,
j policy winch seem to have given rise to
i the unfortunate controversies between a
! portion of the citizens and the existing
I Government of the State. They are
questions of municipal regulation, the
adjustment of which belongs exclusively
to the people of Rhode Island, and with
which this Government can have nothing
to do. For the regulation of my conduct,
in nnv interposition which I may he called
mnn to make, between the Government
of a State and any portion of its citizens
who may assail it with domestic violence,
or may he in actual insurrection against
it, I con only look to the Cons itution and
laws of the United plates, which plainly
declare the obligations of the Bxecnt;ve
Department, ari l leave il no aher.ialtcc r/s!
ij the crane ft shall pursue.
I u srpms increuime uiiii nu-iu^.m w*.
14.006 friends of the people's constitution
j in the State, animated as they are hy a
j most extraordinary and enthusiastic feelj
ing and vet, upon this trial, in the usual
i open and fair way of voting, thev should
have obtained hut about 7,600 votes.
The unanimity of the subs-q i rnt ac
tion of the Legislature, comprehending as
/it did both the great political parties?
the II ouse of Representatives giving a
vote of sixty in favor of maintaining the
existing (Government of the State and
onlv six on the other side, with a tinani,
mous vote in the Senate?the unanimous
and decided opinion of the supreme court
"declaring this extraordinary movement to
be in all its stages, a majority of
that couri b'd'ig of the democratic party,
with other facts of a similar character,
j have freed this question ot a mere party
| character, and enabled us to present it as
I a great constitutional question,
i Without presuming to discuss the clc|
inontary fundamental principles o( gov;
emmont, we deem it our duty to remind
vmi of the fact that the existing Govern,
merit of Rhode '? * o,.vernment
! that adopted the Constitution of the Lntj
irti orates, became a member of the Confederacy,
and has'ever since been represented
in the Senate and lfcu.se of Rep.
rescntntivcs. It is at this moment the
existing Government of Rhode Island,
both dr. farto and de jure, and is the only
Government in that Slate entitled to
the protection of the Constitution of the
Unitcd Slates.
It is that Government which now ca!U
upon the General Government for its interference:
and even if the lo^al effecl
' P
of there being an ascertained majority of
unqualified voters against the existing
(Government was as is contended for by
the opposing party, yet, upon their own
principle, ought not that majority, in
point of fact, to l?e clearly ascertained,
not by assertion, but by proof, in order to
'!"* rlonnr^l ('flt'Ormllcnl in With.
JU3lll> iiiv; ur.ni;iui uvi -
drawing its legal and moral influence to
~ P
prevent domestic violence ?
That a domestic war of the most ferocious
character will speedily ensue, unless
prevented by a prompt expression of
opinion here, cannot be doubted. In relation
to this we ri Per to the numerous
resolutions passed at meetings of the
frion Is of the pimple's constitution, and
more especially to the Cumberland resoluI
tions, herewith presented, and the aflulavits
marked ?, and to repeated expresj
sions of a similar reliance upon the judgj
mcnt of the Chief Magistrate of the na|
fion.
All which is respectfully submitted bv
John VVinrw.F.,
John Brown Francis,
Llisii a R. Pottkk.
To bis Excellency Jort.v Tvlkr,
President of lhe United States.
lkttf.r from mr. tvlkk.
To his Excellency,
the Governor of II. Island:
Sir : Your letter, dated the 4th instant,
was banded me on Friday by Mr. Whip,
pie, who. in company with Mr. Francis
and .Mr. Potter, called upon mc on Saturday*
and placed ine, both verbally and bv
writing, in possession of the prominent
1 facts which have led to the present unhap'
pv condition of tilings in Rhode Island?
! a state of things which every lover of
I peace and good order must deplore. 1
shall not adventure the expression of an
I opinion upon those questions of domestic
Rv* (ho fourtli section of the fot r'h ar- I
tide of the Constitution of the United
j Si at OS, it is provided that the U ?i:ed
' States shall guaranty to rvcrv Slate in |
this Union a rep .blican form of govern- |
i ment, and shall profeo.t each of them
against invasion; and on the application 1
of llu: Legislature, or Executive when the
j Eegidatu*' cannot be convened, against
! domestic violence. And by the act of
CYn gross, approved on iheUSlh ofl'ebruarv,
17Dj, it is declared that, in case of
j an insurrection in any State again?/ the
Government thereof, it shall ho lawful for
, the President of the United States, tipon
application of the Legislature of such
State, or of the Executive when the Log- i
i.-dature cannot he convinced, to call lort.h i
I such number of the militia of any other
State or Slates ns may be applied for, as |
he may judge sufficient to sup. '
press sucli insurrection, Fly the third
o..nl i/vm aI I no unmn net if nr/iVItlptl f hff*.
; "" v-,,w" v" I ~ ' |
; whenever it may he necessary, in the
i judgment of the President, to use the
| military force hereby directed to he called
forth, the President shall forthwith, bv
proclamation, command such insurgents
to disperse, and retire peaceably to their
respective abodes within a reasonable tirno
By the .act of March 3, 1807, it is pro
vided " that in all cases of insurrection
j or obstruction to the laws, either of the
! United States or any individual State or
Territory, where it is lawful for the Presilient
of the United States to call forth |
the militia for the purpose of suppressing!
j such insurrection, or of causing tin? laws I
to be duly executed, it shall be lawful for
j hiin to employ, for the same purposes,
such part of the land or naval force of
j the United S'atcs as shall be judged nej
ccssarv, Inving first observed al! the prerequisite
of the law in that respect."
j This is the first occasion, so far a* the
C5overninent of a Slate and its people are
! concerned, on which it has become no
oessnrv to consider of the prop dot v of exI
ercising these high nnrl most important
1
i constitutional and legal functions. By a
: careful consideration of the above recited
! acts of Congress, your Excellency will
1 not fail to see that no power is vested in
the Executive of the United States to an|
ticipato insurrectionary movements
against the Government of Rhode Isbtnd.
I f
j so as to.sanction the interposition of the
military authority, but that there m is*
, be an actna! insurrection, mm fested by
I law h'ss assemblages of the people, or
! otherwise, to whom a proclamation may
be addressed, and who may be required to
j betake themselves to their respective
abodes. I have, however, to assure your
j Excellency that, should the time arrive
I (and mv fervent prayer is that it may
i never come) when an insurrection shall
exist against the Government of Rhode
: [slann, and a requisition shall be made
upon the Executive of lb? United Stares
j to furnish that protection whi.-h is guaranfed
to each ?State by the Constitution
(and laws, I shati not he found to shrink
f from the performance of a dufv which,
' while it would he the most painful, is at
j the same time the most imperative. I
have also to say. that, jn such a rnnfingen
-v, the Executive coU'd not look into
real or supposed defects of the existing
j Government, in order to ascot" ain wheth|
er someothi r plan of government propnwd
for adoption was better silitcd in the
j wantsand more in accordance witb the
] w shes of anv portion of her ritize.x.
To throw the Executive power of thig
I Government into any such controversy
1 would 1)0 to make the President the armed
arbitrator between the People of the
' different States and their constituted nil
' thorilies, and might lend to an usurped
power, dnnacrous alike to thostahilitv of
' the State Governments and the liberties
j of the People.
I I?mill he m r dur*/ on llin ron'ranj. fa
j resped the req*>i<i'ions of fh i' Go'ernmrnt
I which has been recognised as fhe cxis'inLr
Gircf.imrn'of the Stale through all lime.
! past, tinfif. I sh ill he. ad ised, in regular
j manner,
thai if h is hern a'lrrrd and abnlI
ished, and ann'hrr substituted in its -place,
i hi; legal and peaceable, proc.vc lings a fop\
id and pursued, by the authori icsjaud
| people of the State.
Nor can I readily bring myself to he.
lievethat anvsueh contingency will a.ise
as shall render the interference of this
Government at all necessary. The penpie
of the State of Rhode Island have
been too lonj; distinguished f<>r their love
j of order ami of regular government to
rush into revolution, in order t ? obtain a
j redress of grievances, real or supposed,
' which a Government under which their
! fnthr t;n lived in pence would n*?t in due
season redress. No portion of her people
will he willing to drench her fair fields
j with the blond of their own brethren, in
to obtain a redress of grievances which
inuir cnnsiiiuieu uiiiuoriur^ <hiii?", on
any length of tirne, resist, if propi-rly ap
i pealed to hv the popular voice. N??ne <>i
thein will So willing to sot an example, in
! the bosom of this Union, of snob frightful
; disorder, such needless convulsions of society,
such danger to life, liberty, and
property, and likely to bring so mueli discredit
on the character of popular (rovi
criimcnts. My reliance on the virtue, intelligence.
and patriotism of her citizens
is great and abiding and I will not doubt
hut that a great of spirit of reconciliation
i will prevail over rash counsels; th it ail |
| actual grievances will he promptly rcdres- !
i sod by the existing (lovernment; an I that |
another bright example wili he added to J
| the many already prevailing among the
North American Republics of change
without revolution, and a redress of griev.
| nnees without force or violence,
i I tender to your Excellency assurances
of rnv high respect and consideration.
JoriN tyler.
! Washington Aran. 11, 181*2.
lett kg from 3ir. u ii! pi'lr.
Tj his J'lxcellencu Samlkl W. K: no,
*' f
(j over nor of l\h<; lr Ia'anM I
' W o trausihii to y?><u Uwc'Ic.k-v ',iC
Idler of the President of (he United ^
Slates, in reply to yours ohhe 4th instant,
in relation to our rmo'.utim txry movements
in Ivhovie Island. You will observe with
pleasure that thi? opinion of the President
is firm, clear, and decided. It was expressed
after a statement of facts, accompanied
by a number of documents from
both parties, and is iu accordance with
tlie unanimous opinion of the menilnrrsof
the Cabinet, and wc believe with that of
every member of Congress to whom the
case has been fairly stated.
At the same time we observe that great
and unweared pains have been taken by
the insurrectionists to forestall public
opinion, by loading the newspapers in the
different cities with statememonts so im?
hlushi'igly false, that we refer to your
Excellency the expediency of adopting
some mode of giving publicity to the truth.
TheV represent, in most of ihe newspa.
pers that have come under cu* observation,
that th? party in favor of the people's
constitution his a large majority of the
whole people in its favor, and that a very
small portion of the people have pertirw,
,i i . _ .L r i-_?J t.C
cionsty aiiucrefi rr? me oiu jrceuoui i|iiaiui<
cation, tliiM rendering a peacenik? nntl
legal change of Government wholly irn.
practicable. 7*hi* is their case, as they
have caused it to lx; stated in most of
the cities in llio Union. They seek to
justify revolution ii|H>n the facts that a
majorit y ?.f iho 2"J,(W0 voters of the State
are in favor of their con-ttTnrtrmr*Ttttttiat
there is no other mode of reJress than f?y
revolution.
Your I'jxceflertry well knows that both
those statements are wholly false. That
party brought every man to the pnff* who
was in favor of their constitution, in order
to vote against tlie leg tl constitution,
in March last. The whole number of
votes polled against it waa 9,600, or there
about*. It is well known that at least ^
1,000 freeholder*. vo ed against the legal
| constitution, not because th< y were in
i fivor of the peopled constitution, but becau*et
being op|?osed to any extension of
suffrage, I hey were against both constitutions.
Deduct these 1,000 votes, and
. there rem ain I ur 7.000 in favor of thn
j people's constitution, or about one third of
j the ro'ers in the Stole.
Hut their case would stand upon no
belter ground were their majority clear
and undisputed. N t ling but necestiltf
will revolution. 'Puis ih<iy admit, and
therefore they attempt, in their different
statements in various parts of the Union,
to impress upon the public mind another
jrross and malicious falsehood, which W
that the freeholders refuse an extension
of lilt: elective franchise ; whereas every
lUiode 1*11 id man knows that there is no
substantial difference between the extent
of that franchise under the legal constitif|
f:nn, proposed to the people by the co.iven"jT7iJ/i
of freeholders, and the extent of the
same franchise provided for in the peo.
pies constitution; Both constitutions, a
milled every native born 'white male citizen
of the (Jutted States, wtiH tw?- s#eher
J qualification but residence, to the elective
j franchise. The legal constitution requirf
ed a rcsiJenccof two years, and (ho pen.
! i ? ? : i ..c Tl,- U?,.l
pie s a resilience m tmc^wi, i?*constitution
admitted naturalized foreign*
ers who owned a froehol I estate c?f $134
in vaijic; I!?o people's admitted thein upon
! one year's residence.
We believe that tiie citizens of other
; Slates will learn w ith surprise and abhor*
' encc thai a party of men, generally, as
[ ,\-e believe, orderly an I well disposed,
; hac' been organized in It'iode Island, and
made Vi believe by a few selfish and am*
bilious leaders, belonging some to ono^
and some to tlie other of the two political
I parties, that ifi^y are r mlly and truly the
in ijo. ity, andlhj' fb -v hare a ri^hf. hy
: o.cc, to usurp the iToyoreignfy of the
S a'o, in order to csJabh'h a principle
once led by the constituted authorities,
and rejected by tliern, because Ibe lxH>n
p occt-dcd from a legal convention, in >tei
1 of its being tl?c work of their revo*
lutionarv hands.
Under the operation of such principles
no Government can exist a single year.
; It is not merely revolution, but revolution
' after all the objects revolution can achieve
have been attained. It is a princ pie not
only subversive of a representative republican
governrnant, hot fatal lo the contin
ii :nee of a democracy in any and ull its
lc;rru> of real or fancied pcrlection.
If a revolution, based upon such prin*
nit?h?s_ si ion 1,1 siim^nd in Rhode Island.
tlie saint! sure law of force will inevitably
prostrate every State Government in lho
(Jnion; for lln. ro is not a State in the
Union iii which the actual grievances of
I portions of the people are not quite as numerous
ami quite as groat as those complained
of in the Stale of Rhode Island*
JOilN WMIPPLfi. for the Committee*
HVBIfS BY TUG WHOLESALE.
We find in a Loudon paper the following
account of the birth of six children at once*
which is copied circumstantially from ilie Port
Pniltp GaZ'.-tie, in the neighborhood of which
place the event is stated to have occttred.
44 EXTRAORDINARY Dili Til.
44 A wosnau of the name of Terrers, living
mi the district of the Grange, was brought to
tied on the 31 of Jjly last, of six children at
one birth; a circumstance, we suppose, unparallcd
mi the records of medical history.
mother is wife to an honest and industrious man
I following the Lit 0 s of spiitter and fencer;
is r.itlicr a small Women than otherwise. an4 .
prof*8S2? to li ivc f t no more in? M'V :nien?a j
;?r vious to couii CMiOM'. tl? in iii ot / ir/
1 Iw.f nrm. It or
j J'lIC J) ijj JjL'('l) 4 lllutiior |>V .j
height is five /bet foci, iin'h ?, Heir cwnp'exion,
and freckled, li<*nl b uc ere#, brown Inir, ami
an ineliig nt ? Apr fl?con off?CJ J?lw is 1 rv^lt
by bi<t?, ejaic out m ono of MubIijII'*
j and is 26' years uf age. Tiie only renurk .hie
*ympfoiii cx^r .iced was in tiic growth of
an inn >linitot*pj?;tit<s, ber InHtmnd h iving been ;
obliged to parch ??fan extra rufion for her ono
d.inng pfrgniiwf. ^:k? lirs?t taken ill op
the i?l ol July, lind *>ver?l pain* during ih.t|
and 16c fo lowing d y., and was iu octoai |j|w
-ix een hours. The chiftir. a arc, or rather
wa.c. affgir's, one liowvrer. lb* * ,* rti l
/, rn. i ot.vo Jit.l afterward*. Kerfnutaly Hw
poor wo.nan iiuJ tevoral uc<i'idmtdijcr s who
iu.-k ';.u o! iSic little b'in:ig-n anil coipolctl
I
T*
y