afro!her member refuted an!
he had madron a good mixed '
in whirh the crop on the
H B|ttn w ith nitrate exceeded that !
hv six bushels per acre,
a^^gPa^^Bi^ffeated alike previously ; (here
straw, (a circumstance not
5||||Rly accounted f<?r) and the wheat not
Bpjp?pod in quality on the nitrated part of
ral||||^^d. Several o'lc r statements *ere J
which-its''application had been
atte^^^^rtlf success, on hinds varying
frou^fl^^^ight soil to h sti ong clay; i-n ,
?? oxrZW^Knt ft:i tho former dewcrii> 110'.|
of lund,^H3fem crease was at the ru*"o of
sixteen fl?Pnf., and in another, cm a
rfay increase <?f about fourteen
per vuL* obtained?theatraw on the
nitrfflTO p-j^ was also mx inches lunger
wliefl not nitrated. Instances of its
Tuccessftrpipplicntinn to clover layers and
alsgftn ararfs lajids wero stated ; in the
latter Case, stock were found afterwards
to eat down the coarse places where it
had been applied. The following resolution
was adopted: ?
. Resolved?" That on lands to which it
is applicable, nitrate of soda has the
effect of stimulating the plant, by
which means more straw and an in. j
cr^asett quantity of corn have almost
invariably been obtained. Prom ,
the siatemonts made, the w heat crop :
apftenrs to derive most bcnoHt; hut
on:rrch soils, and those in a high
state of cultivation, its application
has been found injurious to the qual-i
ity of the grain, and the qu; n ifv
not increased. It is therefore the
option of she meeting that strong
etaV and light soils ?r?' the most a da p.
' ' led for ita lic." **???*,
" The proper application of farm yard
manure, with regard to those crops to
(iwt beneficially applied,"
ect which engaged aticniber
introducing it,
r ? '7
e great importance at?
use of aiiim il mannrw,
mid at nil times depend
le soil to which it wo*:
d, (hat on strong and !
,wa? most essential to j
aauvely for the root and
^.regards liic latter, this
feet *>f benefiting the j
vhoai onJarids ot that J
igh? soils, it whs con- j
!>referab*e t-thbe. applied ,
wheat crop, and on.'v j
oots, as it uhs believed J
vy manuring for wheat J
?urie beneficial to the ;
BBCBfl* | !
rW was o~li~dh*Thi>. ir'*<7r,?*, i
dp a system desirable to j
ni, except >? good lands, |
piter s*?i ? it frfqus'itvtre
of hula or no bout fit .
?r -furred carrying 11is ma
leie/J il desirable lobe apr
tne lia* crop is c?1
rt v tamfe-d materially. to j
it an elq^ctrm (of much
farm) wai rait*ci to this
Id n ?l readily cat the her. i
this subject the meeting
i esolutioii:?
Ijgii no fixed plan <?an rx (
vrtich are tin most suitable
h.g fa?m yard manure, a J
I 'dtp^uuipp .?>? season- and
so. I; i?ut (1011 iho finirkibv
meeting i? of opinion ,
*d soil and heavy lands il
j to in-inurd well fo tiiu
n crops; hut that on j
nd where it is not '" on. ?
o manure extensively
bent fit will arise by '
media (el v to the wheat ,
in M . n?nii!: ii Javers,
stem the meeting doe*
desirable to adopt, e.xof
good quality and I
."f * * * " *
cling was engaged in
ub so it ploughing with
and practical efi" ? ts."
omrnended in the reg
year, now caule Une
.c'ub, lor reconsider;r
who brought it for- j
ward observed, that the opinion lie entertained
at the former discussion of the i
question was not confirmed by the practical
rrSiilts he had witnessed during the
eighteen months which had elapsed since
this subject was before the club, us where i
he had used the subsoil plough the crops j
Here not improved, neither bad the deeprooted
weeds been eradicated as ho had
anticipated; the only bum-tit ho had tic
rived, was by getting rid of the surface
water sooner, from the easier access giv.
en it to escape to the drains.
Another member, occupying mixed soil
and very light land, ii? J Hubsoiled his en*:?rJL.I?.?
........ r?.. r..il.... i??.
lire IHI 114 aa II imtic wn II1||U>T, u,n utij; n
email portion i-n each fi?ld onstibsoihtJ, hut
without perceiving any decided advantage
excepting that where ho has suhaoiied
there is leas labor in ploughing than hefore.
Other instance* were given, where
the subsoil plough had been used, w ithout
nuy beneficial effects being perceptible: _
one case only was mentioned in which
it had proved of any advantage; on a piece j
of pasture land recently brought into eul- !
tivation, and previously drained and subrown
(rra^-trinils?Fr>. F R.
prew utiiig this opinion of practical
M Vs. wb mnst protest against its soundness ! '
~ a. t its soundness, at least tor litis I 1
||S AdSxpt'ricnce and observation have con |
i"P ,u convince uk that it is ,
>irw h? tup dressing to grass |
tESSt?Bl83BWf ?i i
IffliMWf' to mrTTJinrm. ..u
d And though !
tur\ we almuM
89Br^wi^Bnff^PISWW^~M end ?.!lsuo3u. !
fffffii B^'0" fur t. 'e'r I
tiio latttr I
l;ul on 'I fie firm tu ,
||^^SBfiBmTO^^M(^dvii?o the applying the farm*
MEm^^^Mfli^app'.c it ion to grass and in
Crf>p9, were a' convenient,
the ?U!|t arid leaf, and the
SBM^^EB^^Kjyrplai'tB more than their seeds;
Id be given especially to (hose
ired to incrcisj the g- nor- |
yW|Sp. j PP^^Hho^e o( which the H'-eda i
oh'.Ct
i 1
?BP? CtKJgaWMHW*iaCTlM^Mp^^ ?
soiled, it had been attended with success, v
although it was inferred that she drain. I f
ing as well as the subsoiling tended to t
produce this result. The disappointment v
of members was general, as it was be- s
lieved :o l>e of no use where the subsoil is t
of a sterile nature, but requiring a greater t
quantity of manure to render it productive,
fully proving that on lands where it c
has answered, a hotter soil wai in some c
measure hvought into action than before. ?
I he following resolution was ultimately s
passed, still leaving the question open for ?
any light which may eventually be thrown >
upon it. }
Resolved?14 As far as (lie experiment i 1
L : !_ ! I
nave given hi mis nci^iiuuihuvui
pecuniary advantage lias resulted t
from the use of the subsoil plough;
at the same time, the meeting j *
does not consider itself possessed of <
urtieient information to come to a
satisfactory decision on the subject."
"The breed ofcattlo best adapted for <
grazing purposes," was a subject occupy- | t
ing the attention of the club in September, i
The member introducing it having bad ' I
many years' experience in grazing Scotch, j <
j Devon, and short-horn bollocks, at one |
time was in tho habit of grazing the for- j i
tner kind, but considors the beasts now I
obtained from Scotland to be generally of |
an inferior description ; they must also
be b"Ught at a higher rate than others.
A well-bred Devon is a good boast for I
grazing, but he prefers the short-born i
breed to either of I he above kinds, as he t
has generally found them to make more J s
growth, and also to possess super.or fat- i t
temng properties. The consumption of | |
food bv a short-born was undoubtedly I
greater than that of a Scot, but the increase
obtained in size and weight by tho <
former fully compensated for the extra
food consumed. In a trial made by
another member between tlieso two breeds,
it was ascertained that the short-horns |
consumed five bushels of turnips per day, j 1
- f \ t
and the Scots but three; the Htiorr-norns, : v
however, grazed decidedly the fattest, so I
that there was but liltle difference in tho
end. Hereford* were noticed as possessing
much disposition to fatten, hut of j I
these there was not sufficient experience !
to judge, as they are not much grazed in this
neighborhood. The meeting adopted
the' following resolution:? ! A
'r i
Resolved?"That the short horn breed j J
of cattle is the most approved for 1 C
grazing pm poses, from the circum- F
stances of their making more growth, ! 1'
and also possessing greater fattening A
properties than the other kinds; and
although found to consume more
ihis has generally been com- (.
p*n$?tcv. ."*** fattening b
in a shorter period.
The following meeting \va?
a discussion on 44 Tho breed of sheep A
host adapted to this district, combining
weight and quality of fleece with o.ptitnijO J
to fatten." The member bringing this l C
subject before the club contended that, ' C
for all nnrnoses. the DUrO S?Uthdo\vn |
r? i i j
breed was in ercrv respect to be prefer. | L
red. As regards a cro^s that between j S
the I)<?w n and Leicester was undoubtedly | S
the best, hut not equal to the pura breed j 'V
of the former. The quality of the mutton N
of Down sheep was superior to thftt of, s
any oilier breed (the' Norfolk &\crj;|rn.i j
and generally ^."lied (He highest price I
in S.JiiLl'ticld market; he believed they
vv<M*Id make a better return to tlie grazier, )
and instanced a case of Downs and half- I
bred Icice&ters having been bought from
the same flock and kept together; the
Downs beating the Leicester considerably. E
Me thought there had not been that at- j ir
J*
tcmunn paid to the improvement of the , s<
breed of S mthdmvns which there i o
had been to that of the improved Leiecs- ' >
ters. Crosses between the Norfolk and j ci
Southdow n, and between the Norfolk and j ir
Leicester, were also noticed, but not con- n
sidered equal to the pure Southdown,fo- si
quiring longer time to fatten, and when
tat not so saleable as the latter. The m
Down wool was equal in quality to any j
other, and if kept well, will clip nearly j el
as much as a cross bred sheep. I tl
Ou the other hand, it was contended ei
that there was no breed of sheep, for graz- i hi
i ig purposes, belter suited to this district, j ti
particularly where early maturity is an \ ni
object, than the first cross between the j sf
Southdown ewe und the Leicester tup, j c|
uud a,-: both breed* 5rftat a,nli- !
turie to fatten, (the Leicester in the great- j
ei degree), the stock obtained 'from such ai
a cross could not be inferior to either pa- vv
rents. There were some sheep called jc
halt-bred Lriccsters, hut partaking of sev. tj
era! crosses, whose fattening properties a)
were greatly inferior to those of the first c,
cross, neither is the mutton so good in M
quality. It was also argued that I towns |>|
require more time, and although it was t,(
allowed they possessed more hardihood j rr(
than hulf-bred sheep, and can be kept to | it
inme arhantnge in greater quantities, still T
they w ould never produce so much weight C
of wool; and as sheep in this neighborhood CJ
are generally returned at from twelve to jj;
fiteen months old, and many are often oj
sold in the wool, there were none so sui- j ir]
ted for these purposes as the latter breed. ! a
An animated discussion took place on this g,
subject, occupying this and part of a sub- C(
sequent evening, which ended in the a- th
doption of the following resolution:? j n?
Resolved?14 That for the purposes of a j hi
breeding fiuck, the pure Southdown j gj
is lilt; best; aruitnat lor grazing ana hi
where early maturity rs an object, the j Sf
first cross between the pure South- jr
down and pure Leicester is the most qi
da&irul)i^ as possessing more apti- ^
tude to fatten, and producing greater hi
weight of fleece; hut where a large ?|
quantity are kept and a longer time 0I
allowed for fattening, there is no g,
description of sheep than the pure m
Southdown." * w
[From Isle of Tha net Farmers' Cluh.j 8
A discussion took place respecting tur- | gi
dps, when the genera! opinion expressed u|
ras, 44 That manuring immediately beore
the seed is sown, will produce a b?ter
crop than dunging the Iartd in lite
vinter; and that drilling Swede turnip
ecd at ten furrrows to the rod, and other
urnipsat twelve or thirteen furrows, is
he preferable method,"
The subject for discussion on the 5th
>f January was, 44 The best time for
Topping the land." There were only
even members present, one of whom sUited,44
That to his knowledge some barley
own in January, was better when harvested
than that sown in March, the some
fear." Another statod, 44Thnt he
inejw barley sown in February, better
ban that sown in April," The following
egnlntinn wag unanimously agreed to: ?
44 That nil spring corn ahull lin sown
is early as possible, provided that the
jround is in a proper state to roccivc it."
* * * +
At the meeting on the 9th of March,
>n the subject of44 making manure," it
was contended by some members, uThat
t is best to allow the animals that are
'atting to go loose in the furmyard." It
was also contended, ,4 That it is a good
)!an to keep a sufficient number of bub
oeks tied up fatting, and have others
oose in the yard, ready to take the
11oo of the f?i uiivs as lliuy go v(T.
The following resolution was agreed to:?r
44 That it is the opinion of this Club,
hat to make the most and best manure
n the yard, it is to feed beasts with Swede
urnips arid oil cake, with cut hny and
draw, about a quarter part of the latter,
o exclude as much superfluous water as
jossible, allowing the animals to run
oose."
;ONTENTS OF THK FARMF.Rs' REGISTER,
NO. 4, VOL. 10.
Original Communications.
The farm and firming of the Rev. J. H.
Turner, Nos. 2, and 3,
firming at West over,
)n the different schemes of rotation,
lomarks on thd present condition and op.
eration of the banks of Virginia, and
their prospects,
tcmarks in reply to inquiries and strictures,
tnothcr mode of harping sweet potatoes,
Selections.
Uhes as manure,
o make hens lay perpetually,
rain?Practical hints,
'roteclion of corn n<?ainnt errors.
j miicn weigoi its a p?mi 01 uruci 1 uui;c
t'nrd raised bv a gentleman from Vir.
inia. The House was about to divide,
id the ayes and noes were demanded by
>me member; to which the member
oin Virginia raised the constitutional
jestion, that ayes and noes were unnown
in the Constitution?-yeasand nays
sing the words therein used. There was
lout as moch merit in his constitutional
ejection, as there exists in those which
L*ntlemon hive urged against this amendicnt.
Truly, Mr. Chairman, in the
ords of the immortal Samuel Slick, of
lickvjjle, " we are a great rfati.in?n
reat pcpjVle :v and f have no doubt some
our constitutional enpojudcra would
n
'orcing fruit trees to bear,
in essav on the b( st system of rotation
of crops, (hogs,) pork being the chief
surplus of the I'artn,
>n gay ting clover, -e
"urther contributions to our resources in
manure. Stercorized bark for nitrogen
nivt y1 ?? -
kn essay on the importance and proper
manner of rearing sheep, suited to the
condition of Kentucky,
til and steariue from lard. Ac.
IpinioBS pf northern farmers concerning
lime,
if mixed earths and Creek mud,
ugnrfrom corn stalks,
omething nhout tvestcrn prairies,
larling in South Carolina,
10 guessing?cutting of liny.
CONGRESSIONAL.
REMARKS OF MR. S. ?. BCTLER,
OF SOVTft CAROLINA,
n the. House of Representatives, May 3,
1342?On the apportionment bill.
The question, on the motion of Mr.
)verett, having been taken and decided
i the affirmative, the llouso again re.
dved itself into Committee of the Whole
n the state of the Cnron (Mr. Allen, ol
faiae, ift the chair,) and resumed the
onsideration of the bill for tho apportion,
icnt of Representatives among the seve11
States, according to the sixth ccn
IS.
Mr. Campbell, South Carolina, had
loved the lolloping amendment:
"That \n every rase where a State is
Rilled to more than one Representative,
te number to which each State shall he
ntitlod, under this apportionment, shall
b elected by district*, eooijiosed of conguous
territory, equal in number to the
umber of Representatives to which said
ate may be entitled ; no one district
ucting more than one Representative."
Mr. :S. !!. Dt'TLKit rose and said :
Mr. C'UAIRMA" : I hf\d suppo^d, "
ay question could arise in this House
liich would not assume a party complex-,
?n, it was the one now under consider^.,
on. I did not think it possible that, by
iy party manoeuvring, this question
>u!d be tortured iuto a partizan contest,
/hen it was first proposed by my honorae
colleague. [ Jfr. Campbell,] it seemed
i meet with such general favor from
jntlemnn of all sides that 1 had believed
would receive general acquiescence.?
he constitutional right and power of
ongress to pass this amendment am ?oj
ear and explicit, that I could not anticiite
any difference of opinion would arise
1 this subject. Rut, sir, to my astonishlent,
I find this whole subject has become
party question, and the power of Conress
to enact the amendment seriously
mtestcd and disputed. To my mind,
iese constitutional objections have about
? i . _ -:_. _c i__ i
| argup very learnedly to convifae us that | \
' four and four did not make eiofit. You I
.1 v-annot tie their) down to thon^in, corn. I ;
' rnon *n?p?rt of the fjnglish Ju^guage.? i
I No, sir; l7??v Pan give qs njany intcrpre. :
tations to a sho.'1 Eog!j*?h sentence as J,
there were language Ihe confusion of) j
the tower of Hahel. WonJcrNl people I j J
And, si& this debate has enveloped i!
atfrh a blaze of abstractions, that f
almost forgotten what my mother tongue I
had taught me. - i I
The rulqrftcon^Pr which I have pre- I
scribed to in my humble history of I
legislation, is, first, to inquire if a proj>osed ; I
measure is constitutional; and, next, is , I
it expedient ? Now, sir, I wish to direct |
' attention to the first branch of these in- I
quiries, I take the Constitution for-mv I
guide, and, under section fourth, I find j
the following clause : i
"The times, places, and manner of I
holding elections for Senators and R^p- 1
rcsentatives shall be prescribed in each !
I.State by the Legislature thereof; but
! the Congress may at any time, by law, 1
, make or alter such regulations/' &r, 1
j Now, sir, what plain, unsophisticated '
| inan, reading this clause, would for a mo. >
. inent doubt the power of Congress to j _
"fcontrol the whole subject, whenever, in ! !
'jits discretion, it shall see tit to rtnso {
j Could language he more di.ect, full, and j j
j explicit ? It cannot, by any sophistry, he j (
| tortured into nny meaning other than I I
have given it. IT words are capable ol a
definite interpretation, it seems to me |
. they nre here used and employed by the j
, framers of the Constitution so as to si- (
i lenco all caviling. No one of the Slates, ,
] in their separate, independent, and sover- j (
! oreign character, could possess this power;
tl.e potver was ea I led into existence
by tho adoption of the Constitution, and the
consequent formation of the General '
, Government. No one State could pos- J
, sess this power, because it could only be j |
I created by their joint action ; and no ne- j
I cessity existed for such n power before!,
the Constitution was adopted. What (
- they could not do in their separate charae- j ,
ter as independent States, was transfer- j (
red by jf>int concession, to the Congress | (
of the United States; and these separate j (
States, in their individual capacity, were 1
as incapable of exercising the power now 1
claimed for them, as they were to make j ,
the Congress or the General Govern j (
inent, as it now exists: it involves npliy- j
sical impossibility. Where was the power
to elect Senators and Representatives -
| to Congress previous lo the adoption ol ; |
| the constitution ? Did each one of the i ,
j States possess it in whole or in part only ? j ,
and was this whole, or part of the whole, .
! surrendered to Qvnzi*-** |
' reservation ot so rnueh os each one of the I
' rmgrct "choose to claim at some ; (
future period I Why, sir, it is clear to j .
mv own mind, at least, that if neither the 1
Confederation or the Constitution had j ,
j been adopted, no such power would ever j,
have been heard of, because, as I haven
attempt^ to show, it is a power incident . j
lo the constitution alone, hv the joint act- ,
tion of all the States. The States, in ,
forming this Constitution, created a Gov ^
em-rent fur Certain great purposes, pari- ,
ing with some of the powers which each
one possessed, and impaiting others to fl
! the Constitution, which. by inevitable ! j
necessity, they never could have exercised i j
i in their se.|?arate characters. And such, j v
. s r, is one of the powers now under dis ;
cussion. All?the whole, and entire
power, which the slates posses* ovwr this j
subject, is derived and exercised from lint |
clause of the Constitution 1 have jus! j
quoted, it is hv virtue of this clause that I
each of the States has been elating Sena- j
tors and Representatives to Congress for j
"the last half -century ; some electing by i.
general Ticket, others by the district sys.
| tcW, some electing a year in advance of the ^
meeting of Congress, and others after the
commencement of the congressional term.
Could any one douht, under this clause of the 11
Constitution, that Congress might direct all li
elections for Representatives to take place on r
the first .Monday in October, or on any other
given time, preceding the meeting of Congress! 1 ;J
That would be to fix the time as prescribed, j
f n ..ii r* ?j__ .i.... . i.^,, 1
?Ulil IJOl trrt? ?]imj uncvi nut uiioc i
elections of the*everul counties nnd (lis- !
tricts of the States? That would he the
I place as prescribed. I have heard no ;
one in this debate question this power in a
Congress, and I presume there is no dis- j c
pute upon these points. Well, sir, is it : *
' not equally clear, Congress may also *
point out the manner of holding elections, i
and designate, as is done in this amend- '
Aiont, that:ftopro?CT?t?%li*<'o ?butl be dec- j 11
ttKl bv districts? That would be the j 5
Manner as prescribed. Sir, the whole ^
clause?the " times, places, and manner" ! '*
?must go together; they aro mutually j '
dependent, inseparably connected; nnd if; ?
you strike one from the list, all must full ' j*
with it. I must confess I have been as- j 1
tonished to bear gentlemen seriously con. ! a
tend that each of the States posse sed e
this power exclusively, derived, as they *
admit, from the Constitution; but that
" ??i :~u* ,~ t u a
Uongress iiau no uuw 10 iuucu uiu i
question, ns the States had been so long ;
in the occupancy of it. This is a new
principle to me, and involves an absurdity .
inlaw. The argument, if I understand rl
it, is this the common agents have certain *
powers conferred on them by the princi. ^
pal, an<l, from long use, have acquired P
higher and greater powers than the prin- n
cipaJ. I had thought, if thero was any !'
principle well settled and defined, it was 11
the reverse of this doctrine.
But it is said, that, although Congress ;
might rightfully exercise this power ol ( T
districting the States by itx own legislation,
it haw no power, in this indirect way, S
to order the States what th':y shall or not V
do. I should be the last man in,this ^
House to send out orders to th? State '
Legislatures; and I would bo foremost to 1
resist such an innovation upon th? rights S
of the States* - Nor do I consider this a- M
mendmetit in that odious light. 1 hud : 11
the Constitution htvs committed certain'a
. _A M .4 ill(4lAU A tit A C 1 I.. f
pOWCrS HIJU Ulll?*73 >" me oiillU I
tnres, reserving to Congress the right * to
make or alter" by law, these duties, when- '
ever it rnav be deemed expedient. The i
States have exercised these rights thus i
given to them, ns it suited the whims.cn. .
prices, or interest of the dominant party
(hereof; and hqjw it is proposed, by the a j
rnendment, to^ure this defect. Jf Con. i
greatf can district the States by its omq*
'egislatn?1*^* follows that it cart anncJJ
this conditiort to the law it Tnav enact? 1
the greater power always implying the
lesser. Should any of the States; ID
their mad forty, choose to disregard tluV
law, passed in conformity to the plain
irovisions of the Constitution, upon their
lends he the consequences. I do not
licsitate to say, if this amendment becomes
the law of the land, and a State should
iend her Representives here, elected by
general ticket, I would rcfuso to recognise
them as members of Congress.
The gentleman from Georgia, [Mr,
Colquitt,] and the gentleman from Ala.
[>ama, [M r. Payne.] have both contended j
that it would he unconstitutional for Con* !
gross to district the States, because it I
would interfere with the qualification of j
member*. If this argument be true, then j
ill the States, except .Missouri, Mississippi. I
[i/'.nrjria. Xew Jersey, Rhode Island, and I
New Hampshire, have been in open via. 1
lation of the Constitution?some of them !
for the last fifty years. But, sir, this J
argument is utterly fallacious, because, so j
far, the States have pursued their own j
policy in this measure, under the express I
provisions of the Constitution; and until,
^ fl%A oouio? OIL'Pfl III
siijii'i.ii;yr.i nit? |#vfu? ????.? ?w
the States, oil her system is not only conjtilutioual,
hut lawful. Besides, the a- :
mend men t does not propose to fix the re- |
sidonce of a member lo any district oft
the Slate; but simply that the elections!
shall he held by districts. The residence
uf the member elect may he, as it ha*;
been, in another district than that from !
which he is elected. The gentieman j
frtmi Georgia has even gone farther, and 1
denied that Congress ran district a State
it all. If Congress cannot, the State i
sannot; for the power no where exceed |
until the Constilniion conferred it upon j
the States, reserving to Congress a con- i
[rolling or superseding power. This I
irgiirnent of the honorable gentlemen
was to me so visionary; that I was star!led
at the utterance of <l; and I am '
<ure the gentleman is entitled to all the |
credit of being the original rljaeoverer.
I'be power of Congress over this auhjeet
a s been generally conceded by those
who have opposed the amendment; and
well it might for it is ton obvious to merit
,i nvtiuuA ?U?-m4? gentlemen i
inve conceded the povcr, (hey have dis j
tilled with zeal and ability, the expedien |
*.v of an interference by Congress. To.'
hat point I shall direct my attention, nfler
naking a short quotation from that illus
rious and eminent statesman, that true j
ind incorruptible pitriot. George :Mo-j?
;)ufTie, in a report which he ma le to ti
" J n,l 1 .. .... I tr 1
c/lf II I It cr it nunui'.u imi n?v.mf ,
hrce; in winch this subje *t, in connexion
v-irh choosing elector* for f'rcsidi nt and
f* ! <
fice President of cho United S alts, was j(
rented. In thit report he says:
"fr has been seen thnt the times, places,
md manner of electing members of this
louse, are now liable to he prescribed ]
>V the Legislatures of I ho several States,
ubieel io fkr con/raJlirig and superseding
totrrrs of Congress."
This sentiment fuliv corrol-orates tie
'iew I have taken ; and if I err. I a n vvil- i 1
inglotahe protection under the broad J i
eintie of tins great aikd noble-minded ' i
nan.
It has befit alleged in thi# debate, by :
nost of those opposed to the measure, <
hat it-was ultra federal in its character, <
itiH a prostration of Stale-rights. I pro. ' j
ess, sir. and have always professed, to i j
>c what is called an ultra Stale-rights j
nan; and if (his i.> a federal mrasurc, I ; <
lave all along mistaken the Hue S-'ate. i
ights doctrine, or am in an egregious 1 1
rror now as to the true character of the j <
mendment. ' |
' Vithoul intending to enter into a full 11
. (
iscussion of that doctrine. 1 may be per- |
uittcd to state briefly my opinion. The : j
Jlatcs are sovereign ami independent in <
II powers inci lent to Gm'ernm* n's, not j*
xpresslv granted by the Constitution to |
he United States. Neither Congress, |?
or any department of the Government, j*
if,ve a right to exercise anv power not f
xpresslv granted, or which may become t
penssnrvTo iinrrv ih?.?o gm?i.<* ??<<# cw* (j
ution. Neither have they the right toil
iterfcre in the internal regulations of a j(
! at *; and if Congress exceed the express ?
owers thus granted, the States can and |
ught to refuse obedienco to a law not.
assod in pursuance of the Constitution, ! <
ecause, having no such pow-jr, it is null : t
nd void. The State aD'l General Gov. 1 <
rnments are each to !>e kept within the j- f
trict limits of their several spheres. The j 1
Ifatcs have lull power in all questions f
? . .
Heeling ttieir own internal pohev, ar* i|
in General Government only such pow. ! a
rs as wcro imparted Iry the States. The j i
Jcnernl Government lias the undoubted J
ight to coin money, or mako post.roads; 1 H
nd it woirld bo a usurpation of power | [
jr u State to exercise cither of these ; r
owers, or any other equally plainly de. r
icd to them by the Constitution. I be- 1i
eve the General Government is supreme a
i all powers expressly granted, bke the j <
wo mentioned ; and 1 solemnly believe i'j
hat the power of Congress to. coin inon,vy i
r to make post.roads i,s n<?t% more palpa. r
le than the power to control this whole j |
ubject, I do not wonder at the sneers J
rhieh are constantly thrown at the doc- ra
riuc of Stiite.rights, when such ridicu- j j;
jus pretensions are set [up hy .none gen- j t
lemon who, profess to he the peculiar
uardiaus of the rights of the Slates. I j (
fish gentlemen had rnnnitested a little ?
lore at tltufrf peculiar love for this much- a
ihii'lrnu' uLm n t .i (.1! hliJW V
struck at them in a celebrated proclamation,
and when the "bloody hill" was ^
enacted within these walls. Then was
the tiinr to do bat tic in the cause of the
injured States. "Show me thy faitii *
without works, and I will show thee my
faith l?y my works."
The district system already exists in4P
twenty-six, and has been in upetatfbi t
in ten of of the old States for about bPni
century; and yeHhese friends par es&L
lenct oT State rights, have conjured up a
"raw-head and bloody.bone* opposition
to the amendment, and denounced it as
ultra federal, and anti.r?ouUir*B. *1"
throw Imck the denunciation, and alrgs
that the general ticket system, except lie.
ing unconstitutional, is all that theybavw :
pronounced "gait at the district avsfam*
Some of these gentlemen have had iWa
candor to admit that Reprosetitutive^^k
ought U^ic elected hy districts; that thaler
svstei^B^s right; but that we ought not
to say so; that we should not tell the penpie,
hut leave them t^fcd it out^fjbbest
they may. Why, a r^fflo not dlmeratand
this dnctrint?this blowing hut and
blowing cold in the same breath, ff it
is right, in the n imo of common sense
let ussnv so, and act aecor ling, I takn
it for granted, (hat uniformity and jw*r? .
manency in the mode of electing R?-prs,
tentative* were the intent and design uf
the Constitution ; and that sound polio/requires
this reform should lis adopted.
This uniformity can be attained in no
other way than that proposed hv the a,
uu-ndinent; and 1 believe it is the imper,
ative duty of Congress to apply the c?*r.
roctive to the abuses growing out of. ttie
geie al ticket system; a .system so unjust, }
nnti.republican, and so outrageous upon -*
tm rights of minorities that it can never
prevail in ui.iny of the States of this^
Union, (t tnay lie laid down as a propo, Jfkj
sition undeniably tru", that wire re (ltM^BH
system prevails, it transfers, by inevita
necessity, into the hands of a few, thedHfl
control of the entire vote ofth?^y|^^BflB
ft twin,sister of the oatici^Vyfl^Bfl^^fl
its most odious nnd dangerous
enables a few political intrinjers
tate to a whole State who shall he cImS B
and who rejected, Polities! lendcftj^^^^^B
aspirants hand together, and deternmjjjB^H
whole people wild stialLL^il^M I
before them for continuation; and
a le comp died to vote for men whonflfl^BH
never saw, or of whom tiiey
ever heard; to rote hyfai It; ai d, in^^BBj^B
to lie mere passive machines n tlWhaBB^BB
of their maQ|?fi*.-_'litis is a
naaulios of the
Prom ail such republicanism I
he delivered. It ?? conijMrl me UnSH^hB
blindly, altogether un.'ir<piatn(j^^u3^^H^B
of tli^P who seeKBB^^U1r^^Bp3|^HH^B
stifle the voice of a minority of
as effectually as if they were W vondj^^^^B
dBHHI
seas;?if this he republicanism, I roptu^^Bflj
ate it altogether. The honest ycoin-i^^^flMH
nf the coon ry wish to know the
who seek their nolitical confidence : nBHH
to judge. for (hcmxdv**, and tint throu^^9|fl
ianther, what arc their ?piali fic.it
The district system h(fords (his oppn^^^BH|
nity to every citizen who desire* a S
himself of it; nnd it i* the only
which the candidate for political
innst stand or fall?upon hi* own fnerijS^^fl
and not upon the endorsement of a P^HhC
an nomination.
!Mr. Chairman. I see, by fh^ last een^H^B
ois returns, that the State of New Yorl^^^H
contains a population, in round ntlmlmii^^^H
?f nearly two millions nnd a half ftflKMJ
inhahitnnl*. Well, sir. how would
general ticket plan operate in that greaV^^H
Slate? One of the political parties wouidJ^Hfl
if course, have the entire represcntatioi^H^H
in Congress, nnd might leave, if partiea^jH
were nearly cqunl. the cnormoiis-iMimhcC
if one miUtnn nnd.a quarter of pcraejost {
totally unrepresented in the nat?MMs|
council*.?a number somewhat g?3.t*c "
ban the enrire population of tfco fc-.f
State* of New Hampshire, Rk*<te Islands ?
Connect cut, and New Je***y,. wh/> nr.<*
ntitled to, nnd have on tfcxac. cighn
con Representative*. 2* tiki* nnntkr
specimen of gentleman ** republic* nisrh ?
>r do they expect to conceal the** fact*
roin the. people, and delude thecu ?
he id^a that aeoc sv?tri^||JlCliWR% -
ind republican that dfyircax\ia$* % taaaJU
on nnd n rvvittcr of OUT ft'
yoking day of
witt tb
iavo jjwvn to r*auahoo<f. f" "f
Tlx general twk>i .*vste?' V''*
u* wi>fi be adapted ft wouM ./J ^ foui^^^R
?f the hiigci ^ 4
jambine, irf it 4> 9#- .
>kia?nre to (fa so* a . csJ^q. -
e?i>latioa el the wh If. theso
iHir States ejected h <( ticket, all ^tk
heir Representatives^... ?>u]d be of the ^Hfl
a 1 ue political party; and they could
imujd any thing to suit their own viow?%^Hn
lncl th.ua it would be in pavrpr QlJ I
ihnnt one-fifth of the population of M}qV Bj
Jnited States to control aft the other# in jSH
intional legislation, although, in QtfVJpl HH
lumbers, much less. This is a case not
inhkclv to occur if the general ficket^^H
ystem were to prevail; and-there is nifljHH
alculating the evil that might cn?ue*-^^^^H
riie masterly report of Mr* McDuflie^^^^H
efnre referred to, fully shows the danger^^^^J
?f this system ; and I invite public attet^^^^H
ion to bis convincing proof*. , WitJi
believe that this system, getyeralJJ^^Hj
idopted, would ultimately lead to thofitle^^^H
irost ration of Cte* suffrage, indlkft MCKHB
hrow of kihtrty itssfcf,'
I have fe-U myself catted upon, Mr, W I
>airinan>? to mako this short express!.onfl B
>f my views^ps I find myself ditTennjjt I
pinion on this subject with ncnrM|| I
vholc of my political associates'.