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^ ^ '^.^Fyv ^^ ^Yfijf &mvm$?&* Cuffttf* *w 4 jtftB QWimSLW MlTMWSBMm* ' :W-j| VOLUME VII. CIIERAYV. SOUTH-CAROLINA TUESDAY, MAY 10, 18T.\ NUMBER SB . By M. MA LEAX. j Trhms:?Published weekly al three dollars a year; wish an addition, when not paid within three months, oftwenly per cent per annum. Two new subscribers may take the paper al five dollars in advance; una ten at twenty. Four subscribers, n<?t receiving their papers in town, may pay a year's subscription with ten dollars, In advance. A year's subscription always due in advance. Papers not discontinued to solvent subscribers in arrears. Advertisements not evceoding 16 lines inserted 1 or one dollar the first time, and fifty cents each abseoucnt tune. For lurertinns at intervals ot j a two weeks 75 cents after the first, at>H a dollar ' if the intervals are longer. Payment due in advance for advertisements. When the number of insertions is not marked on the copy, the" advertisement will be intcrled, and charged til i rdered out. O"The postage most be paid on letters to the editor on the business of the office. & am. rc? wiz V ^ i Fromtbe Farmer's Cabinet. M AONUSIAN LIMK. At page 276 of vol. v. of the Farmers' i Cabinet, in a short ex'ract from the'Gen j eraJ Report of Scotland," it is stated that I 44 it had been long known to farmers in , the neighborhood of Doncaster, England, that line made from a certain stone, and applied to land, often injured the crops! A . considerably. Mr. Tfcnnant, in making | a set of experiments upon this peculiar calcareous substance, foqnd that it contained magnesia, and on mixing some calcined magnesia with soil, in which the gowed different seeds, he found that they either died or vegetated in a very imperfect manner, and the plants were never healthy; and with great justice and ingenuity he referred the had effects of this peculiar limestone to the magnesian earth it contained. Yet it is advantageously employed in sm.ill quantities, seldom more than 25 or 20 bushels per acre." Mr, T 'onant's account of his experi- i ments first appeared, we believe, in the Philosophical Transactions of England, and we know not that it ever appeared in any other form, ft is certainly not in very general circulation We cannot f say, therefore, how extensive, varied and ; accurate ^he experiments may have been. But it is from such vague, !<>ose and indefinite accounts as the above, that we artcalled upon to swallow the whole doctrine and all its consequences-? head, horns j and\#JJ, without making a wry face, and ; that too in opposition to a host of proofs 1 of its utter fallacy, derived from one of the most extensive and decisive experiments ever made in agriculture. But leaving Mr. Tenant's account of the matter out of view for the present, let us examine that which the advocates of the doctrine it was intended to support have vouchsafed to give us. They tell j us that he mixed sorre calcined magne- J si a with the soil, [but they do not tell us Knw mtirh.l and found that seeds sown ; " '/ . I in it either did not come up at all, or if thev did, did not grew vigorously. WHI, we grant that they did not. What then? ; Does it necessarily follow that magnesia j f is destructive to vegetation? Suppose he , had mixed pure lime, or even pounded i chalk, with his earth, every body knows, j or may easily ascertain, that if an undue | proportion of either were used, his plants 1 would have withered and died, the same j as they did in the magnesian mixture. Would it not then he just as philosophical to assert that lime was in the latter case ' injurious to vegetation, as that magnesia was in the former? Here then appears hut a single unvaried experiment, with an attempt to build a very important theory on the narrowest possible foundation of fact. And never has a hastily formed or unsound theory ; been more signally overthrown by subsequent experience. Instead, therefore, of j saying that it was just and ingenuous to j refer the injurious ellects of the lime in question to magnesia, we should rather < ay that it was a hasty and unjust conclu- j ion, and would never have been put forth by one acting under correct views of the requirements of the inductive philosophy. | But it i9 not against the possibility of the injurious nature of the Doncastcr limestone, or of the correctness of Mr. Tenant's experiments, for we care not a straw whether they are correct or otherwise; but it is against the broad docfrinc of the deleterious nature of magnesia n liine in all its forms, attempted to he deduced from them, that we conjend. It is against the senseless repetii ion of this .doctrine, unsupported as it is by any sub- ! sequent experiments, by every unfledged agricultural essayist, or e?ny cmMusmo tic builder of plausible theoris, that we enter our protest. Agricultural publications nreextending in circulation every day, and are beginning to be looked up to j as sources of correct information. It is I of importance, therefore, that theories 1^ diametrically opposed to every day's ex- I perience should not be reiterated in them again and again, without attempts being made to show their utter fallacy. Lime, in some partsofour country is a very costly article for n^nure, owing to the I expense of carriage. A a young farmei ! in one of these has a poor exhausted farm j He sees in the Cabinet and oth r puhlica. | tions lime highly recommended as a ma- i rnre, but he also sees essays professedly written by practical men, wherein it is repeatedly set forth that all niagnosian 1 lime is deleterious to vegetation, and that each/ ne whose liming has not answered his expectation, re fort his disappointment I _ to this cause. He fakes up the reports of (he different geological surveys lately made in this country, and learns from them, as well as the pages of the Cabinet, that a very large proportion of the limestones of our country are magnesian. and i many of them highly so. Would not j such a person probably reason thus:?I ! am very poor as well as my land. This ! lime is n very expens?/o thing. I shall - ? i r per acre, nan uei-u a icuu-u ?.... ...w most beneficial results; but there the limestone? a pure black marble?contained, bv analysis, 9S per cent. of carbonate, with not a trace of magnesia. If the readers of the Cabinet, having the 3d volume would turn to these pages, I think they would be much interested with a perusal of their contents. At page 27") of the 4th volume of the Cabinet is a letter on this subject from Mr. Mnhlon Kirkbride, of Morrisville, Bucks Co., which shows conclusively? it least to me, whu saw and examined & ; probably got ot this Dad Kind, as i am no judge of the article. I shall lay out my last dollar, and probably my land be even worse than it now is. Would he be likely tolim : uTider such views? Would he not more probably toil on from year to year as poor as he began?still afraid to apply the great renoyator to his soil? To such, however, we would repent, what we have already said, that nil the benefit which has been derived from lime as a manure, to Pennsylvania and to a great nari nfVnw Jnrspv and Del iware, has i'"" ' j been derived from magnesian lime. Thi9 is fact and experience; the other is but theory based on a narrow foundation. Then let not this btig-bearof magnesian O ? lime, set up by those who seem to be profoundly ignorant of what is passing around thein, deter you from following the bright example set you by the enlightened farmers of south eastern Pennsylvania. Put on your magnesian lime in such quantities as their experience may have pointed out. Shut your ears against this senseless clamor, and after you have faithfully done your part, trust the rest to the silent unseen, mysterious operation of those laws which govern the material world, with the full nsstirance that you will reap a rich reward. S. -Lewis. Dec. 23, 1341. MXGNliSIAN LIME. From the same. Mr, EJUor,?On rcperusing the pages oftho back numbers of the Cabinet, a custom to which I confess I am much addicted, I find an article at - page 339 of the 5th volume, on " Magnesian lime," which I would wi-h to notice, for the purpose of drawing from the writer farther j information on a topic which still agitates the minds of some ofour practical friends, although to him this must appear strange after what he has said to sctile the question by a verdict which would seem to admil of no appeal: hut as facts arc stubborn things, and ^ye-test mony goes a " itMfh n n I;?tin of" ur>r?nns who 3PH o'"'v .T r~ - - accustomed to judge pretty much bv the light afforded by that mode of reasoning, I have wrought myself up to tho point of encountering from your correspondent a withcring^jlance that may possible render rne incapable from ever looking into the subject again ; and yet that would be a pity, for how could such as I come to a knowledge of the truth, if we were to give up one of our seven senses, and consent to he led by the doctors; seeing, as we do, that none are inure apt to differ than they? That the presence of magnesia in lime was once believed to be injurious to vegetation, cannot hedenied. That it is now by .many considered rather "advantag mus than otherwise that it should contain a certain portion of magnpsia, would also appear to he a fact; while others there on who look upon iis presence as neither beneficial or hurtful, farther than robbing the lime of just so much carbonate.?to which state it returns on exposure to the atmosphere?as it is found to contain on analysis. Now which way lies the truth? And after Mr. Kinser, has answered this question, [ would ask why is it that lime, when quite pure from magnesia, can be !. .1 r, .< ! niianllflf Irt I ? ,1 ft in nppilCU III any ^xninuj w muu almost any state, whether of poverty or fertility, without injury to the crop, while that which contains magnesia, to the amount of about 40 per cent., cannot be used on the same soils and under the same circumstances to a greater extent than, say from .30 to 00 bushels per acre without manifest injury? VVe are told that in England liine is given with impunity, even to the amount of 500 bushels per acre?what would be the result if such excess were indulged in here with liine containing 40 per cent, of magnesia? It may be said the diflu.-rencc is in thccjimates of the two countries, hut I must he permitted a difference of opinion. In the third volume of the Cabinet, pp. 14, 17, there is recorded a series of experiments, the correctness of which I was informed by the then editor of the Cabinet might be implicitly relied upon, as they had been copied from a diary or journal that had been kept by the writer while in the management of certain e states in Wales, upon which they had been most carefully conducted, for the purpose of ascertaining the value <f lime in agriculture, and where persons had offered to prove that its application even to the extent of more than 500 bushels 1 1 I . U'ltll llm the land upon which the lime hnd been used in the way that he states, and found it comparatively barren, the year after the time when he wrote?that the injury had been caused by the lime, which, it it admitted, contained magncsiaj.n its composition. lie says, " my father bad a Bold of 25 acres of as good wheat soil as could be found?a deep loam. Its produce for years stood almost unrivalled; he, wishing to make it still better, applied to a part 50 bushels of lime to the acre, to the balance (excepting half an acre) about 95 or 70 bushels to the acre; the result was ' ? ? ? ? - ' ? ^ ...LaaI niiAtk mifph MS lUIIOWSi m lOOli wiirm tiup iiui j inure than the seed; 1833, corn, about 10 bushels per acre on the heaviest limed parts, on the other 20 bushel*; 1839, oats i good where there whs the least lime, on | the other part 15 to 20 bushels per acre, j The half-acre above alluded to receiv d 50 bushels, and the result was, of wheat I not a handfulof corn, some stalks thr- e feet hi<zh and two bushels of nubbins; of oats a growth of straw 16 i iches high, which refused to show any symptoms of ripening, and was cut to gei it out of the way." It must he added, the spot on which the lime had been deposited wl en tak^n from the canal boat, and from v/hence it bad all been removed with the most scrupulous care, had not, three years after produced a single trace of herbage, not even a weed?would Mr. Kirkbride lie pleased to inform us of the present state of that portion of his land? At page 55 of the 5th volume of the Cabmet, notice is taken of Mr. Kirkbride's commanication by a writer who has had (Trtainvrmripnco in ihr> use of lime, and it is to be regretted that he did not give us the analysis of that which he applied so unsparingly and profitably. Now I am sure I have no private inter ests to serve, and no prejudices to support, but I would just ask Mr. Kinser, at the risk of h tving applied to me the old adage, 'a fool can ask more questions in an hour then a wise man could answer in a month," 1st, How is it that when the lime from Messrs. Pott* and Pager's quarrv, containing 6ti per cent, of carbonate and not a particle of magnesia, is exposed in a heap and has become perfectly sluk cd, that white-clover and the finest grasses will be found to penetrate through the lime at (he margin of the heap from the depth of perhaps an inch or two, and spread over its surface; and on the removal of the hemp, that the herbage will grow on the bald spot and become a rich turf in a short time? 2d, How is it, that the lime burnt from the stone quarried from the south side of the valley at Downingstown shows exactly the same results; while that produced from the stone quarried from the north , side of the same valley, perhaps not a ouarter of a mile distant, is totally differ | IO VUI V.-J ? .f j#*' '?' subjecrrhay be investigated to its better understanding, without tear for the result, i And I know of. o one who has it in his ' power to do us more service than your correspondent*?will ho, therefore, take the above remarks into his consideration, and favor us will) bis conclusions? I am, I must confess, by no means inclined to blink *!ic question, lest it should " arrest ent in its effect*, destroyingall revelation, and leaving n galled spot for years where ft had bjen deposited for si iking? for this fact, and a true analysisof these two varieties of limestone, I would appeal to Dr. Sharpless and his brother, who reside on the spot, as also to Mr. Lindley in the immediate neighborhood, asking of the latter gentleman if he has not known oats, sown on a limed soil, to penetrate through a lump of litne several inches in thickness, and grow to the height of about O O five feet with the greatest luxuriance, that liine having been procured from (he south side of the valley. Trie difference between the two stones being peculiar likewise, that from the north side being hear, iest, but producing the lightest lime?the sione from the south side being lighter, - a I hut producing the largest quantity ot pure lime: showing that more foreign ma tcr had been thrown ofTand dissipa ted during the process of calcination from the stone obtained from the north side of the.valley, and proving conclusively, the greater purity of that from the south side. And 3d, I would ask, was it ever known, that herbage woild spring up on the margin of a slaked heap of lime containing 40 per cent, of magnesia, even penetrating through it from the depth of an inch or two, and spreading over it. and for the earth to show no sign of its pernicious effects in the shape of a galled [ spot, after its removal? i The subject is of vast importance, and is the cause of my troubling you with this communication, iny object being to keep the hall in motion," and to elicit t r t ? i _ the truth. And to this end, 1 would iskc the liberty to ask your subscribers, Mr. It. T. Potts, Mr. Dagor, and their neighbor, Mr. Henderson, who has, I understand, erected a kiln for the purpose of calcining the cuttings of his pure white marble, whether they have it not in their power to throw some light upon the matter, not doubting that the white marble of Mr. H. contains at least as great a proportion of carbonate of lime as the beautifully mottlcJ variety of Potts and Dager, namely, 06 per cent. That inagnesian lime has proved of very great service when applied to the ; soil, no one can deny, for the evidence I hofVvrA ?nr ovpc hut I hnnp that the I the march of improvement, and throw , cold w iter on the spirit for liming" which i is ahrra 1 in the land, hut [ do wish that ! y >uf c >rrespondent would inform us of the [ cause of the very great difference which : is seen in the effects between lime eoo*taining 96 per cent, of carbonate and no magnesia, and that containing about 50 per cent, of earbonate and'40 per cent of magnesia. It may be that magnesia operates in a different manner from lime j ?nfcy, it m.ght perhaps be found to be more valuable than it for the purposes of ngriculture?and to this I have not the slightest objection ; that is of no consequence, and need not frighten any one whose sole object is to become acquainted with the true mode of its operation. 3iucu writing the the Nr. of the Cabinet for February ha* reached m^. and I find that your corres. pondent, Mr, Lewis, of Pottsville, has embraced the opinion that the presence of magnesia in lime is not injurious for agricultural purposes, nav, that it is diametrically opposed to it;" and to tiiis decision lie has been brought, not by a "two pern y experiment made in a garden-pot, or the corner of a field," but by its cxten ded use over hundreds of thousands of acres through a long period of years, in opposition to the would-be oracles of the day." or tho theory that has been M babbled," on the subject. Now, by such men as your correspondents, Messrs. Kinser and Lewis, I presume we shall be sure that the subject will be properly treated, and the truth elucidated, hut I would meekly ask why do these gentleman asesuch strong language to express themselves, if they are not in some way interested in the matter? purely it does not require such terms of contempt and reproach to silence the workers in a gardenspot or the corner of a field, or these very ?ery small oracles or hagglers who presume to arise in their path? S. Luzerne county, February 23, 1543. From the Farmer'3 Register. REMARKS ON THE OPPOSITE OPINIONS OF MAONESIAN LIME. In the Farmers' Cabinet mere has been re. cently revived, and is wannly contested, the o d controversy as to the alleged deleterious action of magnesia in lime. Two of the articles are inserted above, which pet forth the opposing views. This still doubtful question is one ot the many subjects of opprobrium 10 agricultural science?or rather of chemical science pretended to he applied to agriculture. Dhemica! writer* have heen content to repeat, and merely theoretical fanners to believe, the opinion of Tenant, announced half a contury ago; which opinion, however interesting and important to agriculture, and however true might be the particular experiment on which it rested, was certainly not established genor- ! ally and fully. Other and varied experiment* ; ought to have been made, both by chemists, and by practical farmers who had it in their power to try and compare the effects of lime from both pure and magnesian limestones. But while ihe various printed articles of argument, or loose discussion, would have filled a volume, there has not been carried through a single series of judiciously planned- and ac. curatelv conducted experiments, which, if performed, would have decided all doubts, and removed every obstacle to this all.important branch of improvement in a very large agricultural region. The fact that magnesian lime in large quantities is injurious or even destructive to vegetation and to productiveness of soil, hawevor certain, is by do means a proof that the application of magnesia (cither in its calcined and pure state, or when carbonated and mild.) is hurtful. There are other manures (indeed most other manures (indeed most others) highly beneficial in proper quantities, which are injurious in excessive quantities, rure lime itself is adducced by the witnesses on one side toshjw that it may he applied in any quantity without damage to vegetation, and that benefit is found by increasing the dose to 500 or even 1000 bushels, in the caustic state, at one application. Vet, without undertaking tudenyth-se particular facts, (as we knownothing of the precise conditions of the tria s,) it is certain that our liming farmers in lower Virginia find 150 bushels dangerous, a d 100 bushels or even less often unsafe. Yet no farmers in our region have been made more profitable improvements, except the mailers, than those who have used lime. The kind most genera I jr used by them, and from which all their facts of injury by excess have been derived, is oyster-shell lime, which is pure lime, contending no magnesia or other foreign matter. Of shell marl, or merely calcareous tnar! the principal and almost sole fertii zing ingredient is mild lime or carbonate of lime; and when we first commenced its use, we had no idea that any quantity of it could injure land by its excess. Vet a few year's experience showed great injury from applications containing not more than 200 and soinptimes less than 150 bushels of the proportion of this mild lime. The richer the marl of course the e ? /l?r>cuinn I manure, after it had Income carbonated and mild, wh cannot believe to bo otherwise than ' an aid to fertility Toe bottom lands of the Red river, in Louitna .a have two or three percent, of carbonate of magnesia, [according to the analysis ot a specimen which we examined,) and other celebrated fertile soils also have this earth as an ingredient. ED. F. R. CARB OF BHDEDI.NO STOCK. ^ Swine kept for breeders should never I. _ Cm . ?? rv/vn t a r\f i r? ? uVtnrl f i inn Kn UO KUIIII'U I r??II| |n:i| \\J |/< l? U nuvi I tinny 1?V" i fore littering. They must not be distur- I bed nor be kept in small pens. When ; they are allowed to roam at^ large they generally seek retired places in the woods, in such cases they are seldom known to destroy their young by des gn or by accident. Let them ha*e room and their accustomed residence at such times. A little poor wash may be given to the mother in the stiaw, but she must by no means have rich fool until the-second day. She will be cloged and suffer for it for many weeks. 8he hasannatural .'ong. ings at such times and wid satisfy her own offspringi Some good farmers ill o / them a piece of >alt pork at the time of littering.?Mass Plowman. We commend the following hints to the notice of such of our readers as have the mnrwff(.mf?nt of oxen. Who lias not1 # - often hecn pained to witness the unmer- J ciful blows which many teamsters inflict ; on their oxen ? And who does not knowthat kind nnd humane treatment1 is far l>etter ; better for the owner, better for the animal, and better for the cause of humanity. We have often thought, when witnessing the savage treatment to which the ox is subjected, that if tne offending teamster could be ticd4up and receive a good sound old-fashioned legal chastisement?"forty stripes save one,"?he j would he hkely ever after to entertain a fellow feeling for his cattle, and prove by his own conduct the truth of the maxim, ?"A merciful man is merciful to his beast." Conn. Far. (Jaz. WORKING OXKN. The patient ox sliQtild always he treated with much kindness, and hard blows urc seldom necessary. By kindness we ' uo not mean familiarity while he is in ' the yoke. Familiarity is followed by i contempt, and drivers should nevar be allowed to loll on their tenms when in the yoke. Oxen must stand in fear of the j -l_: ' ' ^ ~ n-liiit ?i nrt ftti? ttnflll ijrjvur, nnu iiitn uiv n nij/ ? *.% ~ 0 may be spared. Oven ought to bo made to go two miles per hour when the Held is not rocky. We have had voting cattle that would travel three miles per hour when on the road ; but we have seen oxen habituated to suci*sloth that it was difficult to urge them faster than one mile per hour.? When it is necessary to quicken their pace by means of the whip, let it be used by snapping it at their legs rather than by raising blisters on the body. It is a most cruel practice to beat cattle with a club of the butt end of a whipstaff. Wens arc made by this usage and many good oxen have been spoiled.? Fractious boys should be taught to govcj;n their own tempers before they have the full control of oxen; and fractious men should remember that be who con- I trols bis own spirit is mightier than many who govern whole cities. o Qxon may easily l?o taught to back a cart that is loaded. They should first be tried on an empty one, and that may be on a side hill where the cart will almost move alone. Never strike them on their noses, even with a lash, lest they should hold down their heads and bring the bows t? hear against their throats. But com rnand them to hack, and use the lash gently on the front of the fore legs. They will then hold up their heads and the yoke will press on the upper side of the neck and horns where it ought. After a little practice down hill, the cattle moving exactly parnlel with the spear, they will back a cart up hill without a blow from the whip.?Mass. Plowman. THE IMPROVEMENT OF IIOMK-BRED STOCK. As it will be the object of the American Agriculturist to confer the greatest benefits on the greatest numbers, to save expense to its readers, as well as enable thein to make the most out of their capital, to help the poor man and moderate farmer, equally with those of larger prop, erty, we shall in this number, point out some of the means which farmers possess lor this object, leaving the fuller discussion of the subject to some future time. We assert lhat for the achievement of this most desirable object, every mm ba?, lo a certain extent, the means in his own l hands. We would not be understood to say, that every farmer in the country, can, at his option and without expense,' procure the best roadsters or draught horses ; or at once secure a herd of short horns, or J)ovqiis,'?>r Hereford*, or Avr, shires; that he can will his old (lock of long logged, thin wooled. miserable carcassed sheep jnto fine merinos, massive Southdnwns, or Cotswolds; or razorbacked, bristlv tribe into fhorough hred Berkshire*?but, that in the exercise of n keen discernment und sound judgm* 11% greater ine injury rrom ? hci>?t Yet what farmer of common sense woulil therefore denounce the use of marl as injurious, or would prefer th* poor to the rich, because 500 bushels of the poor produced great and continued increased product, while 5(K) ?f the rich wou'd produce disease and great injury to the grain crops, for unny years.' Theorists have extended tin sound objections to caubtic magnesia being applied loo heavily as manure in newly burnt lime, to the existence of carbonate of in tgnesia natural y in soils, or in manures; and have inferred that, even in this mild or natural form. i? was the cause of sterility. We have no practical knowledge of magnesian soil-; but cannot believe that a substance so similar to lime in s 1 nna litips r.an be so different in its "1? operation as manure. Soils may irnlo'tl be barren from an excess of magnesia in their natural cofnposition (if there he any such (as other? certainly are because of excess of lime; and others by excess of the fcihceeu* and others of the clayey ingredient But any quantity of magnesia that could jvu&oibly be applied as, * S- ^ enlightened by tbrt experience he will ftni abound ng in judirious and practical works on agriculture, and which it will be the great purpose of our wo k to g'vo and illustrate, ho can proceed with greaif or or less speed, in the accomplishment of an object so desirable to every mm. Wo must except one c|a?s, if gqy such I hero be, from this remark, of otherwj.segeneral explication ; ana none are to oe excepted, but such as have breeds already bevond the possibility of further improvement. - Great caution oil their part, however, is necessary, lest some mistt* p in their course, j--sties th'eiti from the pinnacle, and subjects thein again to the 41 labor and delay of regaining it. Such must recollect that, * facilis descensus averni," &c., which rendered for our 2 purpose simply is?it ia ensfr*?***h *> go down lull, but hard work to get baric again. 1'eginning with what is now in the farmers1 hands, we say, the first thing for the permanr.n' improvement of the-constitution and character.of stock is, to feed: liberally and look well to it, especially while young. W - give no countenance to the stuffing sjstem, but on the cogtrn-, ry," we helicve theu:nitnral forcing wf ^ any animal destined for breeding. tl?? most pernicious nnd destructive to lis constitution that can be practised ; and if the only alternative were perpetual starva- m lion, or perpetual surfeit,' we would unhesitatingly prefer the former; aad it ha* another decided advantage in its economy. By liberal feeding, we mean a Jii.'l sun|dy of such wholesome and nutriloos. o - 1 ? . t i toou, as wnnoui cioving nnu n?uotug a-u . animal with fat. will sustnin^t in a constant and sufficiently rapid growth, and afford an early though not premature;' develop vent <>f aM its desirable qmdifieM^ To illustrate our n e tiling, we wtfl'Sfttf that the young of all animals are b. ?' pr-?, vidcd f -r in the early stages "of the r o*is?> tence, by the bountiful provision of nature, i ^ afforded in the well filled udders of tm ijr^ healthy and well fed dams. And tf i'r in any cause, this supply is diminished or ;v ^ withheld, the deficiency must be made M up by other and equally nutntou* and * digestible food. This, with a range, if the season permit, in a fresh pasture, is' '^1 sufficient till weaned. For colts and calves, we would recommend -the addition of a little oat or barley meal, for a s'ioi? ' time, to prevent any falling off, which 4k*i may be continued with the colt, if tile, farmer can afford it, in a idition to all flm s good hay it will eat, till the great will afford a plentiful bite in the follwi.ig ?pring. The calf a ?d lamhm*v be sup, -SfRj plied with a few roofs, besides their hay through i he winter, or in place of the*> x * * small allowance of oatmeal, bran, dee,. After this, abundant and sweet pasturage. <B? for summcr^ind good hay for winter, will; suffice to keep the animals advancingsteadily towards maturity, though if more. rapid growth and larger size be roqiuted; the liberal feeder may add occasionajlyroots or light grain in any moderate, quantity, till the animal has acquired; ija. growth. . Tito pig being an omnivorous, animal, may be al owed a fiecr range an<f . | larger liberty* in the variety of hi* viands, and if restricted in the use of too. hearty or solid food, he will be found; t<x thrive apace on even a moderate supply. ^ During nil this time, however, they should he protected from cold and storms,, by a warm and effectual shelter, and dry, jjj*f comfortable beds, and if there he leisure, to apply the brush and card, so much iho. better. No disease should he allowed to. fasten nn them, to check their growth tuM: I impair their organs. These ire briefly, i the general rules to be observed in tU#. rearing and care of the stock, till they a*o sufficiently advanced to become pr?>duv ^ cers themselves. We have then another and not less important duty to perform in the selection of those designed for breeders. * To guide u.? " ------ ^ - O - ' W , in (his choice, we have the important a\iom. observed by all judicious and expert, enced breeders, riz. "that like beget* like a rule, which, though not uni\efsul in its results, is yet the only one that can be pursued with safety. If we want to . procure a good draught horse, we mu^il select parents as near our ideas of what is right as possible. They must be coiopact^ an I heavily made ; broad in the cheat, somewhat projecting over the forts legs ; round barrel, well ribbed home; a goad size bone ; plenty of firm muscle; a rlcao* well coaled skin; a good feeder and tractable in his disposition. If a roadster is wanted, we sho.dd look for more symmetry and fineness; more grace and de? - ? ?'I J "-".n -iniril IT 1 ' * > jjance ; irioru >|iccu miu nm?c ?|iiin. > ? saddle* horse be required, we can Lordly tell you what to do; for thue is not nop in a thousand that is even a tolerably p?ni;; | hut if von can find one of the true Arab * ' mould, gentle though gay, apiritrd 'hough subdued, with a rapid yet easy and deli- 1 cious gait, half rack and ha)i tunblo. and all canter, when asked, and IkuIvmi i enough to sustain bis pace ; liocd not hi* j color or form, his size or his pedigree; i hut use it as the only means of atfVditig j you a chance for a luxury, we are n? t ! often indulged with in this ulUutfc. If 1 - ? m At ui i n fiikir Sticn a.'J one ov not wiimy juih iVn i, ! ponlent yourself wilh any in yWir | (HVPtteMiofi thai may bo adapted loolinr i purpose*; your li<i<k ?<r horso of nil wo* k; 1 or any tiling that v?i{! not stumhlo or 4 ; sheer, frt* we hold fl^re i? no ift 'l"i u between a reiy gooJ ifu<i v-.r>' mu.lj io;i{ i V * '' '*4