t~ n~,isx?/ j^ahsaMAg
in any S. utc?, *0 jh to ron,
Cor ju^^KVfion n??*e-?'rrryt^vt*hmtt- ft**
'^Ppay/n>'?t in so:n <i<j i;vnl"n! 4#;
-^Wvv?fie'r??*p.! O'.rtVns lus !>co?i t!vh in
".? ?=?e for our ve.irx, w;u*n Inr^e i<n/?'*Mt;o:?
: v / . av#?r? flia.lo to s?ij);4y the (i<?li.*?Mf?r:y. ?t
tMsh prir *. I.! hf? y^r 1 S:j7 not !?h<
tn.cn 3 9 J i .^53 Irishi'ls ??f wheal woreii'tl* J
- p ?rt?d i.ito the unite.! StaTes. W,? liove
nosy h fnr^e xuiplos of This ami other agB
gfioiiitni it prohicts f?n* .exportation, wore
5 . a market opened to roc iuv?r thorn.
A glance at the specific crop* w ill that !
BW2 can be given. So:no not ice of this kiu<i ,
necessary, anil may be highly use* j
S f M to thuse who wish to embrace, in a
. mrro.v co n,n s the r ^n'tsnf the <ng;ir
j|i*vr.if industry of our country:
2 .. Wwa vT.?This ixoiv of the groat staI-"--.';',
|>!h pro I i :ts of several 8'a tea, the soil of
v- which seems by a happy combination, to
?, lie o.'f ili iriv til fed lor its culture. Sili- j
&y r:oiw rartli, as well as lime, appears to'
?&??; fierm a reqnut'eof the soil to aJapt it fo. i
riiiU-.jL wit eat to tn-? greatest advantage, !
j^i-. - ' ,,e ***' tais has heen suggested
n < n re a-.on for its not proving so success- !
-ful of c li'ivatiou in some poniau? of our
country. Of the groat wheat-growing
S atfs. during the past venr, it mav he re'
r.urksil taut, in Now York. P?'nns\'Jyn:iia,
l^rau.'^A'irgiaia, u.id the Southern States, thi*
EiLiiv-U'roD <ee?ns not to have repaid so incren*
^ Mian harvest as was prouiLs.'fl. *-nriv* in
MBElfro ;>-av>n. Larao q lant'ties of seed
yy--s wcra sown, and the expectation was
ijHsnnpd 2T;vr*.1JtitOtI of an unusually abun 1-.
-> ?-Ua^eap<v But the apnea ran.-ft of the
oih^r destroyed
jMp* in the northern part of
g&eutu ;kV th^r,rop 44 di i not exceed oneBRai*".!
rrf'.ia o rhcurv one." In soma of
/ the S'ltcs. as iirNew Jersey, O iio In lift
i*. M:chi?ra:i, art'd Illinois, the quant it v
raised was ifVr.i ihe ^r.iin of a fine
^ -j
quality. Tij- prodtect of another, year
at the Wv?<t3 if we^fflpv j i.'fg'? at so early
ft period, is for an iff^rcfised crop, as in
ftomo ferule sections Ware than double
fh? ?MU.uf amount ,is?*aid !o have been
frown. The prev*n^c>pHU winter, however,
mnv prove irijtftimw, and these sanE
line expectations rf*ft be realized. Indee
J, the wheat Hivirye, as well as olhvr
v-i "i <-r ops. ariM^Parts of the ro 1'ifrv be?'<vnim?
more* (piy. prlain, and, witiio.it
nj.?r-w-^iUf 'lUon^fqpnn:) varioiv ano ciuniri-,
nnnv tsiruis djflBlin must probably b:
."*{il omrc eomi.&J to particular section*,
all the 3 itds. 0 ti ) stands forem )>t j
_ in 'he production of wh at, as she is n'so
p neuhmly hjyd for all too ijr.vns, a:i I too 1
?u*bnini:is!^ftfu dense population. A ho it I
<>n v<jAJr of the whole anriM' of the |
hr ^vy^j^rr- rop of the country is raised l>v i
HWl S'ate. To this si;I, in
r. Pennsylvania, New V- rk. V*"*inia. !
I firsTi, Tennessee, Kentir ky, Illinois,!
j^PP Maryland, Michigan, and North Carolina. |
f I'i snnv* of the 3;ates a b;?uV v i? pn I o *
sh v raisin.; of wheat, wti?eh has operated
iafcc-^> i an inducement to the cultivation of
- rp ^
inner >jr. ine nnvimt thus paid n.i? of
too Sjarh Tfe'fisni Vwin .Massachusetts, for
v t.v ..years, was more than $ IS.Odd); the
' r !> ? intv was I wo d.iiirs |',r fiverv fi'h-en
and five cents for ever v bushel:
- n;?>\o? rhi, q nnfitv. Similar in iiicM.oirmt.s ,
T ... ' . iin.inr, n?n ;Jo?ib% "itiui ilnto to still ?jjrf?ator 1
i npr iVenvrnts and success in this and olh j
? - ;?ro.ri:.os of t sod.
The V i'u ? of this rron in or eonn'rv 1
ri- sri nnivisKn'lv fclf..tiiat its importuofe j
he a? once aok-ow!y! ?<\|. Toe J
a;j ^recr-uo amount ??i w.-r-.-u ?.n-.^.i
Ia^->' j; hushed w'lirh is n?*rlv !
S*?L- - *rp U to tnu pi*Great Bntain, the wheat j
?p of which does not anuually exceed
)0.0d0/i)j;) ofhush-U. The supplv d?*.
ando.i at noma, as an arlirln of food,
ip/ir??. 1/e U.'ss than eight or Im millions
>J hnsbecn ostimufed as hi rh as twelve
i'lmn of' barrels mf flour, equal to about
fiv'.fO si.xrv nulliois hush Is of wheat.
Kfcv'jf qc number of flouring mills reported b\
" the l$*t cft'Vu* is 4.'16 >. nnd the number
>*rre|? of f5??"ir 7 404^h2. Lirg.}
atilie* of-wheat also are used for sood.
for ioo<L, of tiio domestic animal*, as
as far th? parous* of mnnufneturo.
allowance in Great Britain for sard,
ae grains in general, us appears from
g ' MeOnik.t-h. is about one-seventh of the
whole amount raised. Prohahly a much
less proportion may be admitted in this
VV.????f is aiiin iiserl in the Dro.
B V".duction ?t. x:iii as a sub.-;* ituto for, starch
Toe c ot'tnn msnwfac/orisN of tfi s ro :ntrv
B ' ?rt-i.v ron^ime annually 100-00(1
barrel* of flour for lh:s and similar pirpo
#? and in Lowell alone, 800,000 pounds
j*f starch^'a'ad 3 000 barrels of flour, nrn
rr-^Of aaid to he used m conducting the rniiL,
" bleachers and prints, dec., in tae maim
tjfactorics.
Could the irrtmonso snrohi* amount of
fHis-orop, in the West, find access to the
- - pr?r.s of Great Britain, as the means of
..... rii'ii iliuiuujiion -ar#-d*dv becoming more
en<v shorter in point of ;i tie. if would
"** ron riouta much to enrich that grain
producing section of our country.
Barley.-?-Comparatively little of this
E^yy^crato in raised in this country, with t!?<*
? _ rxeepUpn of N'.'vv York. Maine, O no,
7*Perm-*vK'nni.i, Michigan, Massachusetts,
Now {i^mjkthUe. MBdllliwW, Pink. IK'-Xt
.v*?ry as producers of (.his crops. A* it i* raised
-. - v principally to supply malt for the brewery,
nod small qnuntitie* of it oo!v are used
. fir the.foO'i oi animals, or for bread, no
i >1, ,u, .giant jr"ff "=" th,r- -fedon ig In ho an
tiripated. Trie ero.o of 13 U appears to
- - have been so;?|ywhtf less than the usual
ooe in proportion to the population.
'O.vr*.?This grain io several of the
State* is evidently deemed an important
- -" ? i -..1
ijajEL r or C'liHVnitori. situ if i'iiumw_
,.f it v" wmrnify [T'-n
wired with u heat. it h ts th? precedence
i i all of them with thoexcept'nn ?:f Maine.
. and- f tiffirgw.* tffftv
York fake" the teid in th<t amount raised.
Th?tf'4olto*'*.- very cinsely, PeurwVlvnni >;
ivtr?t? i)'vc. Virspnn. Indian*, Tennedeo,
^:?d R*h??ickv. It b a tuvoi <ierrop. too,
ia i.'i-j N: v ^ri-iamT^.a^S. TliC ':ru;?
- V "* Y^-' '' ' *":
-. . <*? -
BBSMg^rr: tzzj/x.uijv:SjJL-wrx _ ..*>. ^.nvvvr: rm
J of ont?. ir? 1S41. is Vdicved to hive Seen J
t-eorhotvhat bnlow a f ill nm% and may ;
pfinirefore he considered as not having
' heeil so successful a-? some others, nl'
though l-rge quantities of the seed were
i sown sn the States where they are most
I abundantly cultivated. The consump
; tion of oats i:i this country is confined
; j? irticulaiiy to thr? feeding of horses: hut
| in sorno parts of Enropa this article is used
to a considerable extent, as one of the
1 bread ^utfs. It enters, to a limited de- |
gree, into our articles of exportation, but !
it is not easy to form any exact estimate
of the different njipiopriations of this j
crop, at home or abroad.
Ryk ?T li* sp -cies of ^rsin is mostly
confined to a few 3: ties. The proportion
which it bears to the o'Virgra.ns pr >
bnbly greater in the New England States '
than in any other section of o ir country. |
There it likewise, fr> some extent, fornix,
| an article of foo t for the people. Penn- j
I sylvani.i, Now York, Now Jersey, Yir*
j gima, Kcutueky, O ii??, a;i?l Connecticut. J
I may be ranked as tno chief producers of i
i this crop, at least, these aro among tnn |
! State* wh-ra it heirs the greatest relative j
I proportion to the other important crops. ,
In 1841 it experienced, in some degree, j
! similar vici.s??itii les with the other grains, j
and rnust likewise be estimated a- below j
j thn increased crop which a moro favora- j
! Sle season would probably produced. .
The product of this crop is extensively ,
fused in mi'iy parts of our country for!
1 dis illati hi, although the quantity thus hp. J
1 p'iej Ins probably materially lessened
. w thin the few years past, and will doubt1
less berra "or undergo a 3ti!l greater re- ,
unction.
Buchwhrat.?This must be reckoned I
among tiie crop* of minor interest in our J
co tu'rv. With th2 exception of j
! Ww Y<*-k. P.nnwlnnia. Now Jersey, I
! O >io. Connecticut, Virginia, Vermont,
' Michigan, and Now Hampshire, very
j li'tie attention seems to he iriven to the
culture of (his grain. In Rowland it is
princin i! y cultivated, that it may be cut >
in a green state as fnddar for cattle and ;
i toe see.) is nvM to fee i poultry. In this J
*. j
| country it is also applied in a similar man- ;
nor; and is sometimes ploughed in, as a I
means of enriching the ami. To a limi- j
led extent, fhe }{i'!?in is furthe-r ns?d as an j
article of food. The crop of I'M I may j
be considered a<, on the whole, ahove an i
average ono. This tn iv in part he attri- j|
butcd to the fict that when some of the
other and earlier crops failed, resort was j
had to b mck wheat, as a later crop, more)
extensively than is usual, ft is a happy
fca'ure in the a iipfation of our climate,
that t ic varieties oTproducts are so great
as to euiblo the agic ilturist often thus
to supply the deficiency in an earlier crop,
hv greater attention tun later one. Thrtre
was nioro byckwh * *! sown than is com
?Kn rino nr> 1 ('lie vield was sich
( iM'Jid t iuv -v? - ...
I ;\a to compensate for Uie labor and cost of
| cult i ?.
matzk ojt indmn corn* ?tennessee,
i f\?niu--kv, 0 )io, Virginia, *nd Indiana,
1 nro. in I heir or.ler the greatest producer*
! of thi< kind of crop. J.j Illinois, North!
Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Missouri, I
i Pennsylvania, S ?nl!? Carolina, New
! V ?rk, >1 irvland, Vrainsas, and the Now
| Rutland Spates, it appears to he a very
favorite crop. In New England, espoci1
ally, tb aggregate is greater than in any
of the grains except oals. More diversity
se'vns '.w have existed in this crop, in differ#
it parts of the con 'try, the past year,
I'thn i with most of the other products of
! th?vsi?i] : H.id hence it is m ich more diffij
cult to for n h satisfactory general esti- 1
! mate. In so.no sections tiro notices are
i verv favorahle, and .?p?nk of 4'good
1 crops," as in portions of New England; i
of44 a m ?re than average yield," as in
i Now Jersey; of bung 44 abundant," as in
parts of Georgia; or, ? o i the whole, a
good crop," as in Missouri; "on the whole,
' a tolerable one," as in Kentucky. In
j others, the language is of 4\n short crop
j as in Mar\ land; or "cut off,'' as in North
. i"V. ..r ttkal.iu, i? n nv/?rf|Tf>" as In !
j V' <11111111, HI
| Virginia. O i the whole, however, from
i the best estimate which run he made, it
! is believe.I to ha ve equalled, if it did not
| exceed, an average crop. Tiio improve,
j meat continu* l!y making in the quality
of the sued (and this remark is likewise
applic iblo, in various decrees, to other
products) augnrs well for .the productiveness
of this indigenous crop, as i! has been ?
j found that new variolic* are susceptible
j of h ing used to great ad vantage. Con.
i sidored as ar? article of food for man, and
! also for the domestic nnimals, it takes n
. high rank. No inconsiderable quantities
: have likewise been confined in distilla4
i tion and th-.? article of kiln.dried meal, 4
i for exportation, is yet destined, it is he?
lioved, to he of no small account to the j
corn growing section* of our country. It j
will command a good price, and find a j
ready market in the ports which are open j
| to its reception. B it the importance of J
j th.s crop will doubt! ss soon be felt in j
j the new .ipplir<ition of it to the nrnn:if;;c ;
I tore of sugar from ton stalk, and of oil
; from the meal. Below will ba found
some comparisons and deduction* on tins
subject, and a view of the true policy of
our conn try in relation to it and to agri- j
cultural industry generally,
i Potatoes.?The Tabular View shows, ;
. that in quite a number of States tha a- I
i-r?oontA)f4>o'ntocs raised, is verv great,
j New York, Maine Pennsylvania. Verm
| onf, New Hampshire, O.tio, Massacbu.
| setts, and Connecticut, arc !ho great () ?I
lato growing Stales; more than two-thirds
j of the whole crop are raised by these
' States. Two kinds, the common Irish
and t fie* sweet potato, as thev arc called, |
! vi'h t( e n:im<>r? varieties, are embraced
in our Agricultural ^latis'ics. When
rofMIoeteri th.it this "product of our
soil fo ?M 3 principal article of vegetable
food "atrial so tafije a clasn of mir popnln- j
tion, itVyalue at once bo ?;en. The
b::st. cwniwon or Irish potatoes, as an ar. ;
tick 4vf -to f.\ t<r; lha; tuble, are. pr,v> la<:al i
in the highsr northern lattitudcf of our |
country, as they seem to require a colder;
and rnoistcr soil than corn and the grains j
generally. It is on their peculiar adnpta. j
tion in this respect, that Ireland, Novn !
Scotia, and p:\rt9 of Canada, are ao pc. |
ciiliarly *ucce*?ful in the raising and per- i
fectingof the common or Irish potatoes. '
It is estimated that, in Great Britain, an
acre of potatoes will feed more than dou- J
hie the number of individuals that can j
he fed from nn acre of wheat. It is also .
asserted that, whenever the labor.ng class ,
i<? m-iinlv rl^nan lent on notatocs. \va!ies i
- '"I . I. ' r- i
will !>e reduced to a minimum. If this i
he true, the advantage of our laboring j
classes over those of Great Britain, i:i this |
respect, is verv great. The failure of n .
crop of potatoes, too where it is so much \
the ntain depmdonco, must produce great
il stress and starvation. Such is now I
the case in Ireland and parts of England
and Scotland. Another disidv.tntnge of'
relying on this crop as h chief article of
food for the people i?, that it docs not
admit of being stored up as it is, or converted
into some other form for future
years as do wheat and corn." Potatoes!
also enter largely into the supply of food j
for the domestic animals; beside*.which,
considerable quantities are used for the
purpose of the manufacture of starch, of
molasses, and distillation. New varieties
which have been introduced within a few
years past, have excited much attention,
and many of them havo been found to j
answer a good purpose. Increased iin- j
provoment, and with yet more successful :
results in this respect, mav be antieipa. j
ted.
The crop of potatoes in 1911 suffered J
considerably in many parts of the conn- i
try, and, perhaps, mine nearer to a failure ,
than lias been known fir some years. I
In f rutins rf N< w England!
and New York this was p irtimt'arly the j
case. In other sections, however, if a ;
correct judgment may he formed, from j
the notices of the crop, there appears to :
have been a more than average increase. ?
In proportion to her population, Vermont j
in iv Ih; considered fare most in the ctilti- !
vat ion of potatoes. Tne sweet potato is j
raised with some success for market as i
far. north as New Jersey, though the qual- '
ity.of the article, is riot equal to that |
wtiich is produced in tho more southern
latitudes. As the climate of tho West, j
compared with that of the Atlantic border,
varies perhaps nearlv several degrees
within the same parallels of latitude, it j
may he supposed that this variety of the j
potato can ho cultivated even as high up i
?*' ' ' ? -- >' UU !
is WisKonmn or to vu, m m VI# 1(11/1 ra i7^u?
snn?, with tolerable success. Hay.?This
product was remarkably
successful during the past year in particle
r sections *?.f our country, in others
less so. fn Maine, and in the Now England
States generally, there was
more than an average yield. In New
York, which ranks highest in tho Tabular
View, it was lighter than usual. In
> o . i
y.wv Jersey, and the middle. States gencrdlv,
it w is considered <? good;" in the
more Southern and Southwestern ones,
little, comparatively, is cultivated. In
the Northwestern States it appears to
have been about an average crop. The
extensive prairies of the West admit of
being covered with luxuriant crops of
grass, of better varieties; and when this
is done they will prove far nr>rc valuable,
both for the purposes of stock, and also in
raising hay for the Southern market nt
Now Orleans, which is already supplied,
to som'?extent, with this product, brought
down the Mississippi, from Indiana, Ohio,
and Illinois, as well as hv the Atlantic
coast, from tiie New England States and
New York. Hay is also an article of
export, in so n j fj i inrie?, to tho VVj.st Indies.
Flax and H;'>rr.?More difficulty has
hecn found in forming an estimate of
- i- I
these two arucies umn ?ny umui wm
ced in the Tabular view, They are combined
in the Census statistics, and the. ninount
is sometimes g veil in tons, sometimes
in pounds, so that it is not easy always
fo discriminate between them.
More than half of the whole combined
amount must probably ho allotted to flax,
as hut little hemp, comparatively, is
known to he raised. Flaxseed ia used for
the manufacture of linseed oil, consider,
ah'o quantities of which are annually jrppurled
into thiscounfry for various purpo. j
ses. Tne oil.cake, rein lining alter the oil \
expressed, is a \v#?llknown article in .use, |
mingled with the food of horses and othor
animals.
l;i these articles of (lax and hemp combined,
if the Recapitulation of tho Ctm- j
stis statistics in correct, Virginia is in ad- j
vnncc of all the other Slatn*; then follow !
M issouri, North Carolina, Ohio, Kcntuc- !
I
ky, Ind.ann, Tonnc-co, Pennsylvania,
Now Jersey, Illinois, New York, an J other
States. It is believed, however, that
soi^e of the amounts, as returned by the
marshals,should rather have been credi- j
ted to pounds lor flax limn to tons, as j
more nearly corresponding to the actual
condition of the crops in our country.
Kentucky probably ranks the highest
with respect to the production of hemp.
The crop of 1840 was a g eat failure,!
and that of the past year also suffered !
much from the dry weather. There is |
noUo much attention paid to the culture i
4* 1 *
of this article as its importance demand*,I
vet there is every ground of encourage-j
nientTor ideceased enterprise in the production
of heidp, from the supply required j
in our u'fVii iic HiMjuuiM j
most- in the way-of its success, hitherto,j
has been the negtrc^eitfrer fr*m ignmvf
... ...W;- > : j
ages:: ?-t : -
N. / ' I' ' . * ' 'T v - . ' " ?
ance, inexperience, or some other cause,!
properly to prepare it for use by the best j
process of wrttfcf.rotting. The agricuU j
turists of our country *e.?in, in ;hi* res-1
peef, to have too soon yielded todisem r }
agernent. Tba desirableness of some J
new and satisfactory results on this sub. |
joct will he seen fro in the fact that it is
stated the annual consumption of hemp
in our navy amounts to nearly two t ou) .
i?:.?? ) !
santl ions; irjsui'/h which, mc ut'iiiumi i<m
the rest of our shipping is not less than
about eleven thousand tons more; making
an aggregate of nearly thirteen thousand
tuns?the price of which is put at from i
$250, to $250 and hysoine even as high j
as $230 per ton, together with other and i
inferior qualities, which are used to sup. I
ply the deficiency of the better article.
Ojr hemp, it is further stated, on high au. j
thority, when properly water-rutted, j
proves, hy actual experiment, to ho one. j
fourth stronger than Russia hemp, to take j
hve feet more run, and to spin twelve
pounds more to the four hundred pounds.
When so much is felt and said on the in.
crease of our navy prosperti voly, it is an
object worthy of attention o secure, if possible,
the production of hemp in our own conn,
try, adequate to all our demands. The introduction,
too, of gunny hags, and of Scotch |
and Russia bagging, and iron hoops for cot.
ton. renders tins direction of the h*mp product
more necessary and important. It is
hoped that some process of water-rotting,
which will prove at once both cheap and sat.s.
factory, may yet he discovered by -lie inventi*e
genius ofour countrymen, who are not
wont to he discouraged at any flight obstac e?.
Tobacco ? The crop of 1?339, in tiiia artir>n
iv11ir11 ri?? "miisus statistics are found.
od, in deemed, a* appears from the notice* on !
thi? subject, :?i ham been a short one. and below
the average. The crop of th; past year
was much more favorable?beyond an average;
it is described in eoiueof the journals as" Urge."
Virginia, K-mUickv. Tenncscer. North
Carolina, and Maryland, are the great obiccogrowm'g
States. An advance in this product
ia likewise in steady progress in Mwortri,
ivh^re the crop of 1)41 estimated at nearly
12.0(H) hogsheads, and for lri-12 it is expected
that as m-.ny as 20,00(1 may he raised. Some
8'ngular changes are going forward with re
gard to tits groat staple of several of the
States. Reference is here intended to the
increasing dupes tion evinced, as w? 11 as the
sucntss thus far attending the effort, to culti-vate
tolnccn in smne of the Northern and
Northwestern States. The tobacco produced
in Illinois has been pronounced hy competent
judges from the tobacco-growing States, and
who J have there b -en engaged in the culture
of this article, to bo superior, both in
quality and the amount produced pe? % ere. to
what is the aver go yield of the soils heretofore
deemed best adapted to this purpose. In
Connecticut, a ten, the attention devoted to it
hi" been rewarded with much success, 100,000
poun R are noticed as the product of a
single farm o: not inoie 'han fif y acres. It is,
indeed, affirmed that to ac.ro can bo raised in
fn liana. Chi??, Kentucky, and Tennessee, at a
largir profit thin ?-voii wheil or Indian c >rn.
Co'istdeiahle quint tics, nl?o, were r'.is-id in
181! ii^Ponnsy.vidi i end Mifcsiehusetts, whero
tl may probably b. com-; nn o'j-cl of increased
atteniion- Tna- :tgricul'u< isl? ot th*sn'Stutas. if
they rnjpjp in tho produ lion o! ih se*op, tvtli
do ft with s >niB p'C'di ir advantages. Tliey are
accu^t'nn d to very tln-ir cn>p?,a;id to provide
r :..i.TiAii? 'O k it
nioi.nn iar BII>tmjuijj mvn ?,? ..
is woll kno-.vn, is an exhausting crop, especially
so when it is raised successive
years on the samo portions of soil. The
extraordinary crops of tobacco which
hsvo here to for ft been obtained have, i it deed,
enriched the former proprietors, but
the present generation no.v find them- j
Ives,in too many instances, in the posses- ;
sion of vast fields, or.ee fertile, that are now
almost or wholly barren, from an inatten.
tinn to the rotation of crops. The difficulty
of cultivating a worn-out soil has
induced, the emigration oftho most enterprising
to new lands, where they will
hear in mind the lessons th it dearbought
experience has taught them. It is a provision
of Nature herseif, that there must
be ,1 suitable rotation of crops; and all history
.sanctions the conclusion, that the
continued cultivation of any spe.-ific crop,
without an adequate supply of the means
of restoration from year to year, must
eventually and inevitably terminate in
impoverishing its possessors, and entail,
ing on them the necessity of removal j
from their native homes, if they would!
not sink in degradation. Had a vaiioty j
and rotation of crops been resorted toon
the lands now.so left, the countries suffering
by such a course had bven far more
rich and prosperous.
The value of tobacco exported in differ,
ent forms in IS.'iO was $10,449,155. and
the amount of tobacco exported in 1340 ,
was about 114,000.000 of pounds. Tno
greater part of this goes to England,
France, Holland, and Germany.
[ To be. cnnlinue'd.J
From the (fMgetieSd) Plough Boy.
Mr. Editor.?A* many persona havo he
* *1 - ?-.f i
came m'errsieu in irie improvniinii m mr i.
stock of Cattle, and fur this purpose have
purchased those that are brought from Kenturky
a >d other western States, it may
subserve the interest of such persons to give
the history of a case which occurred under my
own observation. It is generally well known
that Cows brought from the west, are prctoruaturally
liable to dinotse ia the process of
acclimation and near one half die in the course
of six months aher th<?y are brought here.
Among many others, I pu*chased some four
months ago, a Durham Cow; she continued
in apparent good health until the mid ile ol
February, when she commenced declining
very rap d!y, the symptoms . xhibited we
Joss. u( appetite, fever, mactiyenuss, no desire .
to move, but remaining in one place nearly
the whole d ?y, the ey. s v rv dull ; she continued
in this state, gradually wearing down
u.'ti! she became a hopeless case; about this
stage of the disease, I observed a communication
from Col. Hampton to Mr. , Terry,
directing that the horns be sawed of! near the
Head;" under the sanction of such authority I
in luro iKm nnoratinn nerformed .
the result of the operation was of decided
*uccesR, the bleeding frosn the horn? wan-very
copious. and seemed to relieve that dullness
about the eyes, instantly; 1 esteem it important
after the blerd-ng is stopped, to bind
e^tfhs, plastered with tar, around the stump,
M. a jv-otection agaiist the flits;... In the ,
aVve'c.1 *' .!?: h?;a.J w*a pru^i'vutly ;.rf. ted,
and the bleeding and consequent suppuration
from the easing, w?*re tiie means of curing
my C?w, and 1 would respectfully commend
it to the attention of ihose wtio may be interested.
J.
O. NICHOLSON.
. /
Ma. CLAY'S RETIHEM3NT rr.OilTHE SKN*.
ATK.
Thursday, March 31.
After several reports from committees
on privnte claims, and ordering two or
three private bills to be engrossed?
i\lr. CLAY said (ns imperfectly heard
in the Reporter's galleries) that, before
proceeding to make the motion for which
ho had risen, ho begged leave to submit,
on tho only occasion afforded him, an observation
or two on a different subject.
It would be remembered that he had of.
fere el, on a former day, some resolutions
going to propose certain amendments to
tho Constitution of the United States:
they had undergone some d scission, and
he had boon desirous of obtaining an vx
?#
pression of the sonsoof the Sanatc upon
their adoption; but owing to the infirm
state of his health, to the pressure of business
in the Senate, and especially to the
absence nt this moment of several of his
friends, he hud concluded this to be tin.
necessary ; nor should he deem himself
called upon to reply to the arguments of
such gcuilemen as had considered it their
duty lo oppose the resolutions. Ho should
commit tho subject therefore, to the hands
of tho Senate, to he disposed of as their
judgement, should dictate: concluding
ho had to sav in relation to thein
J
with the remark, thut the convictions ho
had before ontertnined in regard to the
several amendments, he still deliberately
held, after all that ho had hoard upon the
subjects of them,
And now, said Mr. CI., allow me to
annonneo, formally and officially, mv rntirem^nt
from the Senate of the United
States, and to present the last motion I
shall ever make in this body. But, he.
fore I make thnt motion, I tru<t I shall he
pardoned if I avail myself of tho occasion
to make a few observations which are sag.
gcsteJ to iny mind by the present occasion,
I enferrd the Senate r>f the United
States in D-'comber, 1SO0. I regarded
that hodv then, and still contemplate it,
a? a bndv which rr>:v compare, without
disadvantage, w ith nnv legislative asternhlv,
either of a icieni or modern ti nas,
whether I look to its dignity, the extent
and importance of i-ts powers, or the ability
bv which its individual members have
been distinguished, or its constitution. If
compared in any of these respects with
the Senates either of Franceor of Km g
land, that of tile United States will sustain
nr. /Wourniion. With rcsoect to 'he mode
.... y . ^ (
.?f the constitution, of thm? holies I mnv
observe that in thn House of Peers in
E iglnnd, with the exceptions hut of Ire.
hnd nnd of Scotland?and in that of
France, with noexcrp'ion whatever?'he
members hold their p'nees under no J.lojated
authority. hut derive thorn fro 01 the
jrant of tho Crown, transmitted hy do.
scent, or expressed in new patents of
nobility ; while More we have tho proud
title of Representatives of sovereign
States, of distinct and independent Commonwealths.
If we lotiA ng-iin at the powers exercised
hy tiie Senates of France and Eng
land, and hy the Ssnato of the United
States, wo shall find that the aggregate
of power is much greater here. In it all
tho members possess tho legislative jxtwer.
In tho foreign Sunn tea, us in this, the
judicial power is invested, although there
it exists in a larger degree 'hail here.?
But, on the other hand, that vast, nodefined,
and (indefinable power involved in
the right to co-operate with flio Executive
in tho formation nnd ratification of tratics,
is enjoyed in nil its magnitude nnd
weight by this body, while i'. is posses ed
by neither of theirs; besides winch, there
is another of very great practical importance?that
of sharing wilh the Executive j
branch in distributing the vast pntronngoj
of this Government. In both these latter
respects, wo stand on grounds d'fFrent j
froin tho House of Peers either of Eng. j
land or France. And then as to tho dig-1
nity and decorum of its proceedings, and
ordinarily as to the ability of its member*,>j
I can with great truth declare that, during
the whole long period of my knowledge
of this Senate it can, without arrogance
or presumption, sustain no disadvantageous
comparison with any public boJy in
ancient or modern times.
Full of attraction, however, as a scat in
this Senate is, auffieient as it is to fill the
aspirations of the most ambitions heart,
I have long determined to forego it, and
to seek that repose wh'ch can be enjoyed
only in the shades of privo'o life, and
amid the calrrv pleasures which belong to
that beloved worJ, homo."
It was my purDoso to terminate my
connexion with this body in November,
1840, after the memorable and glorious
political btruggle which distinguished that
year: but I learned, soon after, what in.
deed I had for some timo anticipated from
the result of my own reflections, that an
extra session of Congress would he called ;
and I felt desirous to co-operate w?m unpolitical
and persona! friends in restoring,
if. it could bo effected, the prosperity of
the country hy the host meaauies which
their united counsels mifjht be nhle to dovise;
and [ therefore attended the extra
sessi >n. It was called, ns all know, by
the lamented Harrison ; but his death and
the consequent nccess on of his successor
produced an entirely new aspect in public
affairs. Had ho lived, I have net one
particle of doubt that every- important
measure for which the country had hoped
- - ' ? J
with so confident an expectation wouiu
have been consumm tted by the co-operation
of the Executive branch of fbe Guv*irnm?Tit,
^ And. luxe allow nie' to say, oaIjVJi
re^tr.4 to thut.sa uijdi
'
extra session of Congress, thnt I believed
if any of those who, through the influence;
of party spirit or the bias of political
prejudice, have loudly censured the mms*.
urea then adopted, will look at them in jp
spirit of candor and of justice# their con*
elusion, and that of the country generally#
will be that if there exist* any just
ground of complaint, it is to be fouflilv^
not in what wmu done, but in what wa?
Hud President Harrison lived, and thn
measures devised at that session been t
fully carried out, it was iny intention tljen
to have resigned my aeut." But, the hop*
(I Teared it might pr?wo a vain hope) thai "
at the regular session the measures whirl* 8|
we had left undone might even then h* J
nprf?vfprt. nr tlin naintt nliippt attained ia - id
i 7 - ;?J -- ?'%'jm
an equivalent form, induced ine to pott*
, ponn the determination; and event#
which arose after the extra session, re?*j>U*
suiting from the failure of thnso measure#
which had been proposed at that session^^^
and which appeared to throw on our po- <>
lilicnl friends a temporary show of defe#Vf!
confirmed mc in the resolution to attend^
the present session also, and. whather in
prosperity or adversity, to share tho for?rtune
of my friend*. But 1 resolved at 3
the same timer to retire as soon a# I could
do so with propriety and decency.,
From 1SD5, the period of my entry oft ^
this noble theatre, with short intervals,
the present time, I have been engaged in
the jKiblic councils, at home or abroad.*-*^
Of the nature or the value of the #*rvice#g
rendered during that long and arduotif^l
period of my life it do^s not become me t<?"?
speak; history, if she deigns to noticwt^S
me, and posterity, if tho recollection of ~
? '"""' In nnllnnu !*. II lua tran^lklllAii ^
I HIV llUIIHitV m_ (IvJII.I (H'111 ir> ? ? ..J
co posterity, era tho best, the truest,
the most impartial judge*. When death. .'
has closed :ho scene, their sentence wiflMf
be pronounced, nnd to that ! appeal an-i^S S
{refer myself. My acts and public con. ^ M
duct are a fair subject for the criticism4k -nnd
judgment of my fellow.men ; but th#.; ->
privite motive.* by which they havejhnea*|
pr irnpted are known only to the groat ^
Searcher of the human heart and to my- i
*e f; arid 1 trust 1 tiny be pardoned f?r?
repeating a d deration tnaUe some thir. ^
! en v ars ago. that, whatever errors?
and doubtless there have bo<*n ninnv? may
be discovered in a review of my pub-^jj
! lie service to ihu country, I can w?;h un. "?
; shaken confidence appeal to that fhviwa^iag|w "
'arbiter for the truth < f the H-rlnrritim i
i thnt I have been influenced by no im-vj
I pure purpose, no personal motive?hare-y?
' sought no personal aggrandisement; hut':^
| that in all mv public acts I have had a.1^
i 5>ob; nnd single eye, and a *?'m and do- "T
' vo'ed h. art, directed and dedicated to
what in my best judgment I b; lir.vcd to ^
be the trim interests of mv countiv. |re|
During that long period, houerer, I
| J are not escaped the fate of other publio ^
; in?- , nor failed to incur cm ?ire an i !
! tra.'iiun of the bitterest, most unrelenting;,,
| and most milignant character; ami s
| though not always insensible to the pain j
! it was meant to inflict, I have borne it ii*M
j g< n- al with composure, and without <li*. .-yigffi
I turbine# here, [pointing to hid brcaxl,)
wailing as I have done, in perfect and
undoubting confidence, far the wltimntft $s
Humph of justice and of truth, and in
the entire persuasion that time would, in
the end, fettle all thing* a* they *houi I
he, and that whatever wronger itiju?t?'el
j I might experience at the handset man, ^
: Ho to v^iom all heart* are open and fully n;
! known, would in the end, hv the inscrut*.
hlo dupe is iti'tn* of Hi* providence, rots W
j lily all error, redress all wrong, and cause 'J|
ample jus ice to he done.
Hut I have not meanwhile been unsusi 1
tnined. Everywhere throughout thOrjS
extent of this great continent ! have had ,
j cordial, warmhearted, and devoted friends*
who hsvo known rrife^nd justly -pprecioted ' ^
mv motive*. To them, if language wore ^
su>c<aptjUle of fully expressing my ar- ,v
knowledgerw nts, I would now offur tnrm '%
a* all tho retLr 1 I hn\c to make for their '
genuine, disinterested, and porsevrringr.i|
fidelity and devoted attachment. But if J
I fail in suitable language to express my 1
gratitude to (hem for all the kindne** n
they have shown me?what fhall I say? J
what can 1 any at nil commensurate with
those feelings of gratitude which I owe to I
the State whose hninhle representative 7
j and servant I have been in this Chamber? *
1 [Here Mr. (J.'s feeling* appeared to ovor* j
1 nr>!UA. l.lrr, j T1 d Ko nr/>/<nf(ieil crilh d(*(?B
sensibility and with difficult utterance.] . ^
I emigrated from Virginia to the Suite ||
; of Kentucky now nearly forty-five voeie * ^
ago; I went n* an orphan who had not ?!
yet attained the age of majority-?who
had never recognized a father'ssmile nor
foil his caresses?poor?penny less?with- ;|
out the favor of the great?with an
im erf. ct and inadequate education, ?? -ji
limited to the slender means applicable to Ipa
such an object; but scarce had I set iny
foot upon her generous soil when 1 was
received and embraced with, parontal
fondness, caressed as though I had heert
h favorite child, and patronized with
liberal and bountiful munificence. From ?
that period the highest honors of the
St a to havo been freely bestowed upon me;
and afterward, in the darkest hour of caU
urnny and detraction, when I seemed to - ^
bo forsaken by ail the rest of tho world, 1
she threw her broad and impenetrable
shield around me, and, bmring mo tipalofi
in her courageous arms, repelb'd the pois- 89
ened shafts that were aimed at my
destruction, n n t^indicate^m^^^^^mu^^
fmm every false and unfounded assault. '-4&BM
But the ingenuity of my aoailanU ul-.
newer exhausted, and it- 3e*nut I Wim #n;?- ' SB|
joctod myself to a new epithet: which I
do not know whether it should l?c taken : :*
in honor or derogation: I am held up ti? ' ^
the country as u " dictator." A dictator! '
| The idea of a dictatorship is drawn fro?/* ">Sj
Roman institution*; and at the t?roo tho
oflj.:e was created the person who wielded
I tfjcjreinendou* weight -ot ?nihor?y
j coiifcrrc! concentered in his own pernor ' '