Farmers' gazette, and Cheraw advertiser. (Cheraw, S.C.) 1839-1843, March 16, 1842, Image 1
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VOLUME VI. CIIbRAW. SOUTH-CAROLINA. WEDNESDAY, MARCH 18,18-12 XU31BER 10-*^3S|
...i jjul' 1 ? ?ji?ai ? mwi IW??'nn?H?nimnH'ilU'.-i?taiiiJi'li n i ?iwi, " - ^
By itt. MAC 1EAI. * |
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17v:" * & i ~Zr> *
. . Front the Farmers' Register.
. OBSERVATIONS AM) HOUGH KXPKRIMENTS.
Gypsum. On .March 20; h, 21 ;
bushels of pulverized gypsum (French)
: ?own at the rnte of a hush*! per acie on
l?_____ _c t ?...?!>
"" Clover or SfCUIIU yrili a ^hmu;i. UMH,
originally acid an! very poor; a light
Ina'n on sandy subsoil, well marled in
PsM- 1824, since manured and altogether im- j
proved, from a product of 0 bushels of
. ?; corn per acre to 25 or 20. The clover |
til";: crop rn<nn, and Juno 1st, freelv grazed.
No benefit whatever perceived on a com^^ 1
: " parison with adjoining clover not dressed
yc^~" with gvpsurn on a soil exactly similar. 1
2. Green-sail. At the same ti t e, in \
the field, ori similar soil, and on clover of ;
. _ same growth, one acre dressed with 40
~ bushels of green-sand, earth (not ca'care- i
J2-Zzr:.-r?'ous*) from James river. No effect pro
~ ^ dl.Cf'll.
3. In March, eight aero* of gnod loam,
marled 10 year* ago, product in corn sup
t p?>ed equal to 80 bushels, and wheat after
- clover 18 or 20 bushel.*, were dressed
with green-sand earth at the same rate,
i Two beds left out. (/'lover in its first
1 year. No perceptible benefit.
. , 4 Seed wheat. Having seen oTci seed ,
IB wheat recommend- J, / by sever il \
contributors to the Roister, of the crop
of 1840, the "rain of which was verv I
. I
good, a small quantity whs kept in goo ) j
order and carefully guarded ngainsfall
clangor of heating, or other injury. This
fall, 12 bushels sown in a Hold of uniform
end good quality, and immediately ad.
joining new seed of same kind (purple
straw.) The sowing of both kinds commenend
and finished in the same day,
and operations in every respect conducted
exactly alike. Quantity to the acre t ;e
same (5 1-2 pecks.) The old seed a lit'
f . tie weevil-eaten, not withstanding every
! P- care used in keeping it, hut not enon {h
so to be much objectionable. The old
seed longer germinating, and to this day.
L^. * t * '
| December 81 st, looks decidedly inferior
Bjfcjgjg* to the wheat from new see !.
5. Tjp'dresisng iri'h firm yard ma-'
- " /.??/ tf!;h h nrtre nnrprl I'.ivil
IKK Cf| 4?/>.? U/t ?? _ _ __
' - toen ncros of light sandy loam in clover
5f?y '4f of 2d year, very thin anil very unm ro:n- j
?*x i?ing, whs top dressed in April, 1340,!
s with rough and urirotted manure from the |
farm-pen, at the rate *<00 to 100 I?u4?els
per acre. Tiiis land wis marled in 1321^
and though grcatlv improved (for before j
H its product was 3 to 10 bushels in corn, j
and perhaps .'1 in wheat,) was still but of
-r middling nroduct. and before this ma nil- !
... r, , . (
ring, would not have brought more than
19 or at most 20 bushels of' corn per arro,
or 6 bushels of wheat after corn. The ;
_ last crop of wheat, cut in 1939, after.
^ ' corn, was known to he o.ilv 42 bushels of j
wheat or 2 1-2 bushels to the aero. That!
crop however was very much damaged
by chinch bug. The top dressing was as
coarse as an)' trodden litter could be, j
" ' many corn-stalks merely mashed, but un- !
broken, constituted an average of the ;
manure of the farm-pen, which was made
of the stalks and straw of the farm pen ,
trampled by the cattle, an 1 covered over
with the manure of the stables and hog- i
X , pens every time they were cleaned oat
throughout the winter, which was about
once a week. Tne hog.pens were principally
littered with leaves frotn t.nc .
woods. The effct of the top-dressing ??n
the clover was nl nost immediately p r- j
ceptible. In September the field wis
fallowed for wheat, and in June of this
year 283 bushels of wheat, were cut from
it, equal to 16 bushels per acre. The
soil is decided a corn soil, and too light
for wheat. Rut the most striking and j
gratifying proof of improvement is the
the frequent appearance of green-sward
in many places, whore it was not at all
observed prior to this manuring. This
valuable grass has generally made its ap.
- pearance in spots of the different fields
after marling, but this particular field !
^ was too poor for its growth (so as to he i
noticed) even after marling, until it received
this top-dressing.
6. In January, 1810, about 13 acres of
*V" light loam, with sandy subsoil, in clover
of second year's growth, top-dressed with
377 very largo ov-cart loads of leaves,
principally pine-beards raked together in
adjoining woods. The covering was so
thick that at one lime it was thought that
the clover was in great danger of being
smothered. It however came through
and was decide.dlv benefitted, except ii
f\ spots where the leaves were left too thick.
In the fall, the whole was fallowed for
wheat.' Crop 15 bash*}* per acre, and
a -7ood yield for the land. Its
product aftpr corn ling usually been about
8. Part of this land was much infested
with wire grass. In wetting in the wheat
no means adopted to get rid of the wire,
griss, except to pick up and carry off the
little that (he harrows brought to the surface.
And in feet this piece received one
h .rrowing less than I usually gave to such
wire-grass spots, on account of a rain
which interrupted the operations. This
fall, 1511, in ploughing ("or corn, noticed
~ 1 _ 1 I
that verv httic wire-grass was leit. i,nuiu
^?he leaves have ha I any agency in killing
the wire-grass, hv shading or otherwise?
Or did the mere exposure of the roots to
the sun, as some maintain, effect it ?
Some credit is no doubt due to the latter
cause, hut the former has a strong, and,
may be, a stronger claim ; for, in similar
spots, fallowed without any application of
leaves I have never known a similar docrease
of wire gras-\ It may he well to
mention that the above 13 acres were 10
or 1*2 years ago well marled?the soil,
originally and previously to marling,
acid.
7. Leivrs ploughed under. In January,
1 S41, covered a stiff, intractable soil,
previously and so n? ycarsago well marled,
with leaves, which were ploughed under,
and oafs sown early in March- No benefit
to the oats whatever; and when
ploughing the land for wheat lh:s la I. the
!e?\vs wore turned u> very li tie decayed.
E. Ruffin*, JR.
[The foregoing statcsments wore fur
nisuea upon our sug<jesuuri, ?;iu
jx*rd to most of them in eensequence of
o;ir seem": or otherwise knowing the geno
neral results, and deeming them the more
worth notice, because of our personal
acquaintance with the original condition
and character of the land, which was the
subject of our own early labors and im.
proveinent by marling. Though the written
memoranda of the writer furnished
the by-gone but recent facts nearly as
bore stated, stil! as accurate experimenting
had not been at first designed, anil still
less any publication of results, it is not
pretended that the statements of quantities
arc entitled to the respect due to the
results of carefully and properly conducted
experiments. '
We have another and more general
reason for presenting these notes of
observation to our readers. It is to show
that by merely noting down, in the most
concise and simple fotm, any results or
facts observed deerno 1 worth remembering,
any practical cultivator intght aid in
furnishing a mass of interesting facts, or
suggestions of subjects for inquiry and
more careful experiment. There arc hundreds
of our readers, who never report
any tiling for publication, who might in
anv half hour, furnish some few such <>b
f ?- ? i :11
servutions, wiucn. as jacis. anu miu hum*
as having the authority of the name of
the observer, would attract general attention.
and convey much of useful suggestion,
and induce iniitntiorNmrl co-op-ration
in the pursuit of doubtful truths?all
tending to cause the making of properly
conducted and accurately reported experiments.
Will each one reader, who may
acknowledge the value of such operation
and results, do something towards producing
them ??Ed. Far. Reg.]
From the Kentucky Farmer.
THE AGE OF CATTLE AS SHOWN HY T1IEIR
TEF.TH.
My attention has been drawn to this
subject ever since our Winchester fair.
O.ie of the judges appointed upon that
occasion examined the teeth of several
of the cattle that were presented there,
and pronounced them to he older than
represented.
Some of these cattle were hred in this
country, and I knots that the ir ages were
correctly stated.
At Paris, the treatise upon cattle with
the plates was introduced hy one of the
judges and the teeth of some- of the
a 11 una Is were examined to sec if they
corresponded. This led to suspicion that
there had been imposition in some of the
cattle presented.
Since that time I have examined the
teeth o! a number of thorough-bred D.irhams
whose ages I know to a dav, ar.d
have found that in this stock their teeth
would make them appear to be about four
months in each year older than they really
are. A three year old will have the
teeth tha. in the treatise upon British
cattle is said to belong to a fvXtr year
-i-i
UI'l.
I attribute this 1o the early maturity of
the Durham stock. It is reasonable to
suppose if they get their growth sooner
than other rattle that they will also shed
their teeth sooner. I have said about
four months to the venr, which " as the
J case generally. Some showed even a
greater difference.
~ rv nr .
Samuel v. mahu*.
From a prize essay on making compost
! !:caps ami the value cf liquid manures,
written f?y Mr. James Dixon, and pub'ished
in the Journal of the Rnglish Agrtrullural
Society, we make the following
extracts : So. Planter.
Having brought great quantities ol
I both peat and saw.dust into iny farm
! ord, I laid out for the bottum of a com.
031 heap a space of considerable din en.
I sions, and abwut throe feet in depth: threei
fourths of this bottom was peat, the rest
j sawdust : on this we conveyed the daily
the dung from the cattle-shed, the urine
also is conducted through channels to
wells fur it? reception?one of each side
of the compost heap ;?muunon water is
j entirely prevented from mixing with it.
! Every second day the urine so collected
I is thrown over the whole mass with a
scoop, and at the same time we regulate
the accumulated dung. This being coni
t i tviiA-l .1 a n/t (Kop luvor. nine I
| UIIUCU I'/l n nuwuiM m t v> y I
inches or a fo<;t thick, of peat and saw.
dust (and frequently peat without saw*,
dust) is wheeled on the accumulated
heap. These matters are continuously
added to each other during winter, and
I
in addition, once in every week never less
than 25 cwt.?more frequently 50 cwt.
of night soil .and urine ; the latter arc always
laid next above the pent or hog
earth, as we think it accelerates their c.ccomposition.
It is perhaps proper here
testate that the peat is dug and exposed
to ti.e alternations of the weather for several
months before it is brought to the
heap for admixture ; by this it los \s much
1 of us moisture. In some cases, p -at con'
t.ii s :icid or as ringent matter-, which
O I
J are injurious to useful veget; ti n. On J
I tins I have not tried any. decide i experi- j
| ment,, hut am L?d to toe suppo ition by J
frequently seeing stones, some in a par.
; tia! state of decomposition, others wholly
decomposed in hogs, and at the depth of
several feet from the surftco. Spme
years' experience has convinced me"' of
the impropriety of using recently dag i
peat; proceeding in the manner I recommend,
it is superior and more convenient
on every account?very much lighter to
cart to the farm-yard or any other situation
vi" he re it is wanted ; and so convinced
am I or its utility in composts for every
description of soil, except that of its
own character, that wherever it can be
| laid down on a farm at less than four
shillings per ton, I should recommend
everv agriculturist and horticulturist that
* r>
can command it, even at the co t here
stated, to give it a fair trial. So retentive
and attractive of moisture is peat, that
if liberally applied to arid, sandy soil, that
soil does not burn in a dry season, and it
so much improves the texture and incicasI
es the produce of an obdurate clay soil,
i :f in other respects rightly cultivated, that
! si ft mi I pYnrripnr-ii aiouc can fairly deter
! mine its value.
"For the conveyunce of night-soil and
; urine, ?e have the largest and strongest
casks, such as oils nre imported in; the
top ol" which is provided with a funnel to
put the matters through, and the casks
' are fixed on wheels like those of a common
dung cart. For the convenience of
< mptying this carriage, the compost
j heaps are always lower at one end ; the
: highest is where we discharge the conj
O D
tents, in order that they may in some degree
spread themselves over the whole accumulation.
The situation on which the
wheels of these carriages stand while being
discharged is raised considerably ;
this we find convenient, us the compost
heap may lie sloped six or seven feet
high : low compost heaps, in my opinion
should he avoided. The plan here recommended
I have carried on for some J
time. I find no difficulty in manuring
my farm over once in two years; by this
repetition I keep up the fertility of my
laud, and it never requires more than a
moderate application oi manure.
"The beneficial effects of top-dressing
young clovers or mixed grass seeds is
scarcely ever regarded with due atte.ntion.
By this help crops are net o.ily
much increased, even thirty or fifty per
cent, hut they are also ready for cutting
much sooner, which in a backward spring
gives tiie st? ck farmer inestimable ad- j
vantages for sorting his cattle, and j
thereby raising manure at his pleasure. !
The full effects of this practice I first
experienced in the dry season of 1926: I '
find sonic clovers which had beer, manured
previous winter ; my land was soon
covered with crop, and that so vigorous a
one that the hot weather did not overpower
it. My cows that summer were tied
up during the day time, and in the night
they were turned out into the pastures ;
most of tiic stock in my district wen; <
much distressed from over-heat as well as
from being short of food for some weeks ;
milk yielded little butter; scarcely any
for a time was offered in our larg? mar.
ket town:?no doubt that year will be
remembered by many gentlemen on the
Agricultural Society's committee. I,
however, was under no difficulties on
account of the season ; my clovers produced
plenty of food for my cattle, and
in return, they yielded as much milk and
butter as I ever recollect from the same
number. I am persuaded that the same
satisfactory results would have followed
i ^- J -
if the same system had heen auopieu ior
feeditig stook ; it was that year my attention
was first directed to raising compost
heaps from urine. This I now do,
' frequently without the help of any dung
from the caltlo-stalls; The same occar
f sicn called my mind to another matter
J - . -
v - a '
well worthy every farmers attention?f ; "I
allude to the 2rcat superiority of the ; e
. ?
manure raised in summer.stalli..g to that ! r<
produced in the stalls during winter. I jn
verily believe the difference is fifty per f
cent, unless stock are fed in a great measure
during winter with artificial food. In . ^
an arrangement for making compost ! j
heaps from urine, I would recommend a j (|
receptacle to be made at the back of the , ^
cattle.stalls just o'-^side the building ; ' j.
this shouLl ntinut tu'f?n!v rart-loads i ?l
of mould, or any other matters to f>e em-! e
ployed ; if its situation were a little low-! a
er than the cattle sheds, nil the urine i C
would pass into it, and remain there until . ii
the mass is completely saturated, which h
will he sufficient ; when the earthy matters
are covered over with it, the coin- P
% i |
post md^then be thrown out and the proccedfng
again renewed. In order to]2'
show part of the benefits of this practice ' ^
[ beg here to observe that the most foul or
weedy mould may he used ; the action of
the urine, if not reduced by water, is* so
powerful, that wire-worms, and black
slug, many other destroying insects, ar.d i p
all vegetables, weeds, &c. when in contact
with the urine f.ir a time are dej r v- n
ed ofthe?r living functions. The situa- r
tion for raising this compost should he s
protected from the weather by a cover-, a
ingsimilar to a cart shed ; indeed, the | q
deteriorating influences of rnin, sun and ; (
arid winds, on all putrescent matters or ' I1
' h
compost are so serious, that in mv hum- j L
hie judgment it would he worth while to! j
have places under cover where these arc
^isually laid down."
In the last "Souteern Planter," a wri- (
tor gives us a remedy for the mange in ' a
dogs. Although in common life things if
which are considered valueless are com- i
pared to a dog, yet the fidelity and efiec- J
tion of that valuable domestic animal have al- ; r
ways made him an object of gratitude and ! (
care with man. If we should disregard his ; |
comforts, or neglect to alleviate les maladies, j (
we should bo wanting in those noble qualities j t
in which he has set us the example.
Some years ago, when residing in the up- { f
per country, 1 had a rery beau'iful and favorite J '
pointer. He became mangy over his whole 1 I
body, and very much reduced, so that I ex-1 j
pecfed to lose hm. I had a friend residing ; ,
in the neighbnthood who owned a tan yard. .
He was kind enough to take my ?!oo for a
week or ten days, and d:p h in in the tan. vat
several times each day. He was then r?;b- 1
b? d well with a mix ure of tanner's oil ar.d '
tar. and sent home. In the cours*'of a short ?
time the scales oegan 10 p*ei on, anu ne.v :
hair to grow ouC Hp soon tvrnme the s'eek- ; j
ppt. and prettiest animal I oversaw, and was ) ,
nev< r again affected wich the d?case, or even j
visited by vermin for a year or two. I often J
thought, by li s playful antics thst he was '
conscious of his obligations, and wished to (
express with kindness a gratitude which he 1
fob; but the obliganois were transferred to i
me, for he lived to afford me many an hour of |
sport and many a nice dish of game. .
The disease is evident'y infectious, and |
those that are subjects of it should not be
permitted to consort with those that are not.
1 hope the brief remarks above, many lead 1
to the relief of many a valuable animal for '
the mutual protect ion and enjoyment of him. :
self and owner. W.J Duply. j
P.S. In the case above related, I first re- (
sorted to the usual remedies, such as sulphur (
&c., without effect.
to kt.kp SKirrnns from ijacov. 1
It is stated in the ' Plough Bov," an agri- |
cultural paper rccon'ly commenced in South, ?
Carolina, that if a small ^niece of sulphur is
thrown on the fire every day the bacon is ?
smoking, it will effectually prevent skippers
and bugs from entering. We consider this i 1
an important matter, and we are strongly dis- ! 1
posed to believe the icuiedy a goodoi:e ?Ex '
i
paper. I ?
The remedy may be, and ro doubt is, a j j
good one, but we doubt its propriety, believing j j
that the fumes of the brimstone w ill impart a ! ,
bad flavor to the bacon.?Ed. Ky. Far.
[if the remedy be eflective in preventing '
skippers no fear need be entertained ol a dis- 1
agreeable odor remaining. We have heard '
that as good effect may be produced by throw- j
ing a few pods of red pepper on the fire once 11
in two or three days during the smoking of (
the bacon. The latter plan has beer tried , (
several years in our own house-kpeping; and ! ,
whether that or some other cause operated,
there were no skippers in the bacon. In one 1
cas", sa'ted fish in barrels, placed in theme it- ! I
house n'ter the smoking was finished, w as full 1
of skippers, while the bacon remained free.? j ,
Ed. Far. Register. | (
An old man was remarkable for his ; ^
lack nf knowledge, and his irreligious j (
habits. His sheep had wandered Irom , (
home : Sunday as to him a leasnre day, | ,
he devoted it to hunting them. His I (
march conducted him to the Meeting | j
house, just as the congregation was j i
about gr?infj in. lie entered with thorn, 11
and sat down with his hack to the <
Preacher, and near to his brother-in-law. | i
The text was "I shall smote the Shep- j1
herd and the sheep ofthc Hock shall he j'
scattered abroad." In the course of the |'
sermon, much was said about the wander- ; '
ing sheep. At last G. could stand it no j
longer,?<*Ade," said he, punching his i
brother-in-law, "I reckoa them are mv
sheep, if they have bo!) tai's, I'll bo derncd
if thev aint!" ,
i
WONDERFUL CONTRAST.
About 47-years ago, in 179~>, AHegtia- -1
ny, Washington, and Fayette counties,
were full of distilleries, and an immense
quantity of whiskey was made and so'J.
"he United States, in order to raise a rr v-1 (,
nue, made a law to tax it. The people cj
efnsed to pn v. rebelled and raised an ar- n
ly called the Western Insurrection nrrnv,
nd marched to Pittsburgh. Gen. Wash- fJ(
i^ton sent an army of about 3000 U. n
1. troops and volunteers to suppress it.? F{
"hey arrived, when the whiskey army
isbanded. In the \ear 1S15 and '10
tc United States put on a direct tax, and a
or haps then we had 1500 stills in Wash- J c
igton and Ailegnany counucs. now
riere is not perhaps 15 still houses in op- q
ration in the two counties. A few days 8i
goa gentleman, who was U.S. Deputy (j
collector in Washington county in 1816, p
)formed us that there was then 976 still- tj
ouses taxed, and $70,000 collected. of rr
i.xes for the United States; and now ( t|
erhap3 there is scarce ten distilleries in ?
hat ccunly.?Pittsburgh, (Pcnn.) Ga* s,
ette.* ' I
ypcexh of Mr. Calhoun on the Treasury j
Note Bill, in the U. S. Senate, Jam- t|arylMh,
1342. p
Mr. Calhoun said: There was no is
neasure that required greater caution, or it
Tore severe scrutiny, than one to impose si
fixes or raise a loan, ho the form what it a
any. 1 hold that Government has no ( c
ight to do either, except when the public i p
ervicc makes it imperiously necessary, i n
rid then only to the extent that it re- a
[iiires. I also hold that the evpenditcres m
an only be limited by limiting the sup- p
dies. If money is granted, it is sure to b
10 expended. Thus thinking, it is a funlarnental
rule with me not to vote for a t!
oan or tax bill till I em satisfied it is ne- a
'fcssurv for the public service, and then b
lot if the deficiency can be avoided by t
opping off* unnecessary objects of ex pen- v
liture, or the enforcement of an exact f
ind judicious economy in the public dis- f
lursements. Entertaining these opinions, c
t was in vain that the chairman of the t
Finance Conr rniitce pointed to the esti- ti
nates of the year, as a sufficient reason 1
or the passage of this bill as amended.? f
Estimates are. too much a matter of course 1
o satisfy me in a case like this. ! have i
;ome practical knowledge of the subject, t
ind knew too well how readily old items !
ire put down, from year to year, without | t
liuch inquiry, whether they can be dis-! t
sensed with or reduced, r.nd new ones in- j '
sorted, without much more reflection, to ! s
>ut much reliance on them. To satisfy 1
me, the chairman must do what he has i
not oven attempted ; he must state satis- ! I
factorily the reasons for every new item, i i
ind the increase of evpry old one, and i j
?how that the deficient-v to meet the I !
evenue, cannot he avoided by retrench- ! i
ncnt and economy. Until he does that, t <
je has r?o right to call on us to vote this 1
icavy additional charge of five millions of , I
lobars on the people, especially at a pe- i
iod of such unexampled pecuniary em-! <
)arrassinent. Having omitted to perform
his duty, 1 have been constrained to ex- ?
imine lor myself the estimates in a very i
lasty manner, wiih imperfect documents, r
ind no opportunity of deriving iuforma- 1
tion from the respective Departments.? i
But, with all those disadvantage-, I have t
satisfied myself that this loan is mneces- <
>ary?that its place may he supplied, and |
nore than supplied, by ret renchment and | <
economy, and die command of resources ' r
n the power of the Government, without I t
materially impairing the efficiency of the ; t
niblic service, my reasons for which 1 f
dial! now proceed to state. r
The-osrimntes of the Secretary of the t
froasury for the expenditures of the year, <
s $32,997,258, or, in round numbers, t
hirty three millions, embraced under the I
allowing heads : the civil list, including I
foreign intercourse and miscellaneous, I
lrnounting to 84,000,987 37; military, t
n all its branches, $11,717,791 83; na- i
ry. $8,705,579 83; permanent appropri. I
itions, applicable to the service of the j i
pear, 81,572.900, and Treasury notes to i t
redeemed, 87,000,000. I 1
Among the objects of retrenchment, I f i
nlare at the bead the great increase that r
s proposed to be made to the expendi. <
tures of the navy, compared with that of s
last year. It is no less than $2 508,032 t
13, taking the expenditures ot la>t year ?
from the annual report of ttie Secretary, t
I see no sufficient reason, at this time, | {.
iml in (he present embarrassed condition t
if ihe Treasury, for this great increase. J
[ iiave looked o\er Ihe report of the Sec- i
retarv hastily, and find none assigned, J
except general reasons for an increased I
riavy, which I am not disposed to contro- I
yert. Hut I am decidedly of the opinion, I
I hat the commencement ought to bo post- <
loned till some systematic plan is ma- I
lured, both as to the ratio of increase a ad i
[he description of force of which the ad- j
iition should consist, and tiil the Depart- i
ment is properly organized, and in a con- }
dition to enforce exact responsibility and i
economy in its disbursements. That thrf '
department is not now properly organized, r
'' * - ?~ K,.,./, ih<? ntiilin i
arid in that connmon, wo;u??w ^
rityof the Secretary hiinjself, in which 1 j
r-oncur. I urn s;tii?<fied that its adm nis <
tration cannot bo made effective under i
the present organization, particularly an
it regards its cxpenditmes. I have very I
great respect for the head of-(ho Depart- (
ment, and confidence in his ability and <
integrity. If he would hear lha v>ice of i
one who wishes him well, arid who takes |
the deepest interest in the branch of ?er
>which he is the chief, my advice j i
would be, to take time.; to look about;J t
.
i roor^nizp 'ho Department in the mtmi ^ ^Ig
rn o nt manner, on th^ staff principle. 'vis^f
'* 1 fo esrahtish tfce most ri^ >L aiT-unia. i:i
!'-<y and econom? in Jhe disbursement*,*.
/'ore the great work of ft sysuema ic
ease is commenced. Till that is donjb^
|?l not a dollar fo the expenditure.? ?
ake sjre of the foundation before y tf J|j ': MM
gin to rear the superstructure. I am
- ? :j LU'l* i*:.?
warn nmi mere win ne a
teaae this year in the navy, c >
ie expenditure of Vast year, in- conaejence
of (he acts of the extraordinary
isaion. This may deduct several hun- .
red thou* ,nd dollars from the arrownt
ropr.se to retrench ; but I cannot doubt vj?
lat an improved administration of thr :-x j'"%M
joneyed affairs of the Department, wi.h > -?' :|4^H
ie very great reduction in prices afidf^
ages, a saving mav he mudo more %
ufiicient to make up far that ded^ctjj^^j^
n speaking of improved administration. f . "? '
omprehend the marine corps. - &?fd her*
deem it my duty to remark, tjwit thee*,
males for that branch of tiyi'service ap- 3
rar to me to he very large/ The cof|>4 ^
L estimated at one thousand privates, and
* aggregate expense nfc#502/272. This 9
:rikes rr.e to he far too large for so small /." f|j
corps, of Jong st lading, stationed at -15^
onvenient ana cftaop points, and at ? .
eri >d when the price of provisions, clo;k- .jwjg
ig, and all other aijicle# of supply is low. ' #
l large portion. I .ibserve, is for barracks, jg
hich, if proper <nt ail, surely may be 1 |
pstponed ?i I the^finances are placed in j
I shall now pass from the military to , ."jS
he naval department; and here I find
n estimate of $1,508,032 13. for bar- 9
ors, creeks, and the like. I must say '
Imr I am surprised at this estimate. All
rhohnve hoen inumbers of the Senate jg
ur the lust eight or ten years, roust he ^
amiiiur with (be history of thi* ?iem ofxpenrliturc.
It iaoiteof the brandies of
lie old, exploded ArnWican system, and ^ A I
ilmost the only one which remains. It
has never been acquisced in, and was
K-arcely tolerated when the Treasury w a
ull to overflowing' with tV surplus rcve?
nic. Of j;II the extravagant and lawle-s
hppropriatiohs of th"e Wor*t%f'times, I ;jH
;avc ever regarded it as t ho miAlohjec.
:< t> ih'e ? jnconstituftonal, lorn 1^
-haraclor, and unequal and uftjusf in i.s %
operation* Little <tid F" anticipate
nch an item, and of so brge an amount,
ivould at this time be fn rnd in the es'tj.-^
males, u hen the IVataiiy is deeply ctil*'<
harassed the credit of the Government sJS
impaired, arid rhe revmuo from the lands "
hirrendered to the States and Territories? vt
Such an item, at such a perioJ, looks h!ce
Infatuation; nnd F hope the Committee
on Finance, when it cornea* to takVi*jf>''':?i - hp
lie CSlllllUU ?, Win iJTnnr n- wwi. - ..,*2
ninly ought to be expunged ; and I sti.il!; ( |j
iccordingly place it among the item* thnt M
night to bo retrenched. >>
Passing to the Treasury Department. F / v^
>bserve an e*tirhnte of $43,932, for aur-y
rnys of public lands; and under the heat!V{? . V|
>f **l>nlnnces of appropriations on the 31st''
December, 1941, required to be expended * |
n 1*42." $200,000 for the same object,^ v| ; J
naking. together, $243,932, which ought . j J
iither not to he in the estimate*, or, if * ' i
nit there, ought to be credited in the r?.5/*tji
reipts of the year. The reason will ^
ipparent, when it is stated that the D<?
ribution act deducts th. expenses incident J
o the administration of the public lands,
rid, among oiimrs, that for Surveying,";*" '
md, of course, it must he deducted frorn; ?^ ^
he revenue from the Iknds bafora it ir \
listributed among the States, arid Brought/*;
o the credit of the Treasury. It i*. in / ;||g
act, but nn ndvanceout of the land fund, ^ '~pM
o he deducted trom it Detore ii*w uisiriiJ^JBL^L
wted. There are several other items in?1
he estimates connected with the expjmSSj - ^
ncident to the administration of the pub~, ;i*
ic lands, to which the same remarks <trt,-r| >$.
pplicahle, and which would make an ad? ' '-J,
ionnl deduction of many-(bou<?and.
nrs, hut the exact amount of which I frfHu?|9 . * ''<&?
lot had time to ascertain. These. Sevo.^B
al items, fnken together, make the sum V$8
>f 84,317.322 25; that may fairlyjb?^jj^. T v
truck from tho estimates. To \hcre
are douhtless many others of coi. . 3m ;4:;?
idemhle amount that might Ikj added,...Jg
ind 1 the time and means for full iiireati.t'?
a ion. Among them, I would cuil tbp >?flj||;;4
itiention of the chairman to an item nf^/^|J
158,627 dollars and 17 cts.v^uud?C;the^|MB ... H
inme of ''patent fund," and compriscdQ
imong the balances of appropriations.gp ^ JS
he 31st of December last, and which wilt ^ vyp
^jeaniriMUo^hi^eni^ have not hwT
ime to investigate it, and am uninformed :y
if its nature. I must a>k the chnirmt
o explain I)oe9 it mean receipts of
uoney derived from payments for I <v%f
f so, it ought to be passed to the.
y, and classed under the receipts of th^tj: w
car, and not the appropriations, unless,^
nrieed. there be some act of '-?&
vhich has ordered otherwise. | it be
ippropriation, f would ask to what Vft
ippropriated, and to what pa rtjcu la roheoLs
ia it to be apolied this year ? The ^
: hair man will find it in page 40, of Ihtj'.v,.
iocument containing the esti^ ?' '
' m\
1 would aik Tn^nairm^M n
^'1 W IIQ? ; .
her the interest on the trusi funds, inclu* '
jing both the Smithsonian and Fndisn,
whicm may not be applied to the objects
>f trusts during the year. have been com.
>rehonded iij tho receipts of the 'jrieir f
We pay intereston thero, and haro the
-ight of course to their use, till required
to be paid over. Too interest must bo '