Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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ItJfB ' SMIMSi'MW MBTMBWIMMIsi* ^ * * . J* . - --* ? * VOLUME VII CllER AW, SOU HI-CAROLINA, WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 2 .1812 NUMBER 16. By in. MAC LEAX. I Tcrms:?Published weekly at three dollar* a year; with an addition, when not paid wilhi:i three months, of twenty per cent per annum. Two new subscribers may take the paper at fire dollars in advance; and ten at twenty. Four subscribers, not receiving their papers in town, rnuy pay a year's subscription with ten dollars, in advance. A year's subscription always due in advance. Taper* not discontinued to solvent subscribers in arrears. AdvrtiieynentB not exceeding I Klines inserted ! r one dollar the first time, and fifty cents each j ubsequont time. For insertions at intervals of | two weeks 75 cents aflor the first, and a dollar if the intervals are longor. Payment due in 1 advance for advertisements. When tlio number ! of insertions is not marked on the copy, the advertisement will be inserted, and charged til t rdercd out. TTThe postage must be pai I on letters to the editor on the business of the office. #&* i From the Fourth Report of the Agricuh i ture of Massachusetts. MANL'RKS, STABLE. COW AND HOG YARDS j HUM AN RACKKKMKNT. Tbo nricp nC msniiros in thi* cntintrv ! r; ? - - v'V- I is very high. The farmers in the vicinity | of Boston depend upon the city stables for a large portion of what they use. The price in Boston varies from three to four dollars a cord. I have known a market fanner to purchase one thousand dollars* worth in a year. Since the value of !i. quid manure is established, and its, intrin- ; sic efficiency is so much superior to the i solid parts of manure, it is st.ange that no prevision is made hv the farmers for sav. ing the vast quantities that are now lost in the city. Hnrdlv nn instance can he : foiindr there is not one within my know'. < edge, of nnv provision for saving it at their own barns. This is an improve- j inent vet to he effected. I have urged this matter so strongly, though not beyond : its importance, in my former reports, that I shail add little more. I have known S i 50 paid per cord for i stable manure taken at the stable; and a j farmer, whose soundness of judgment in ! other matters I have always respected. ' aged deposit es made by a neighbor in his immediate vicinity. I do not know why, in a civilized community, the public have not an equal right to claim that the air shall not be needlessly corrupted, any more than the wells in a neighborhood poisoned, whether it be by the effluvia of I" some odious manure-heap or the scarcely less disguising odors of tobacco. These . * plades of dcposite, as matter of public decency, ought never, under any pretence, to he permitted by the highway. l?y careful management of them in some suittable place on the farm, remote from the road and the dwelling, this great nuisance might be abated. 1 atn aware upon what a homely subject I have fallen; but I know how essentially it concerns the farmer's interest and the public health. ? Evil be to him who evil thinks." I would advise a fastidious roader to pass over this wholo chapter, but that I fear if I did, as it happens with i'orbiJJuu passages in the ::: eu! \ expressed his willingness to purchase all the manure from the cow.stable in Lowell i at five dollars per cord, though he must j than cart it Tour or five miles in order to j reach his farm. These prices are enor. 1 mous, and the more surprising, since a!- ! most every fanner in Middlesex has at | hand the means of preparing a compost. : dressing for his land of equal value, at not ; half the cost. Upon the farms in the vicinity very j great quantities are carried from the livery ! stables in the citv. The long establish- ! ment at West Cambridge supplies a large | amount of manure to the farm *rs in its neighborhood. I do not refer in this 1 case exclusively to the excremcntitious : matter of the swine, but also to the refuse : garbage from the stables, of which I have spoken. This is spread upon their grass ; lauds, or ploughed in on their cultivated ' grounds, or spread round their apple trees; i ^ and in every case with great advantage, j If not used immediately, it is placed in a compost heap, and covered with mould, j to be used when needed. It has been i found particularly useful when applied to | fruit-trees at the roots. It is of course full of animal matter, and must furnish ' in abundance the principles of vegetable i life. The intelligent farmer who gives j me this account speaks of the effect* of j this manure a* immediate and powerful. ' To night-soil he objects that its influence ; is tiansient. He gives the preference over all other* instable arnf horse manure. He raises largely of early vegetables and small fruits for the market. The stable manure is more convenient for his forcing i beds in the spring, an 1 after it has per- ] formed its part there, is easily applied to other crops. Large amounts of night-soil are obtain- | rd in Boston and ('hirlrstown, and applied by the market-gardener*. It is brought out in a crude state in covered and tight wagons, and too often, without regard either to decency or comfort, is carelessly deposited by the road-side near the dwelling-house in a kind of basin, where a quantity of mould is at hand to mix with it, to absorb the liquid parts, and to put the whole into a condition to apply to the soil. The slovenliness with which these matters are sometimes managed deserves no light censure. I knew a case in which, in the opinion of hi* physicians, the life of a respectable individual was a sacrifice to one of these negligently inan lege, he would think that he owed it to himself to determine on the propriety of such advice, by first reading with increas. ed attention what the chnpter contained. Every advance in cleanliness is nn advance in civilization, a contribution to health and an equal help to good morals. The unfortunate beings who live in cities are doomed to inhale and exhale the inumetafile odors, which are theie comtningled from cellars occasionally filled with hilgewater, muddocks, which the receding ride has left bare, common sewers, and broken gas-pipes. In the country th?*re is no apology for allowing any thing offensive on the premises. The farmers who obtain the night-soil from cities, would find an advantage in digging a long and deep vault, at least four feet in depth, walled up with stone and plastered and floored.so as to be made thoroughly tight, and having a close and moveable cover ing. Into this the contents of the carts should he carefu'lv turned, with such a constant supply of soil or muck or ashes or effete lime or gypsum as would completely absorb the liquid parts, and might be so intimately incorporated with the solid parts as to bring all into a feasible state of application to the land. This vault or stercorary should likewise serve as a place of deposite for nil dead animals in the place, and all other offensive matters, wnieh might he converted into manure. The contents of the family vault, being freely mixed with mould or spent tan, should likewise be conveyed there at least once a week. This would i>e a great gain to comfort and health, i saw such an arrangement on one farm, and iis advantages were most obvious. It formed an excellent hank of general depositc. whose discounts in the spring were always most liberal and useful. The preparation of night-soil for easy use ami transportation, has bee i the subject of various chemical experiments. The prepared article goes under the name of poudrettc; and though there have been occasional disappointments, I have seen it used with <;rcat success. The admix ture of effete or slacked lime with it has the same effect as any other absorbent; but the application of quick lime, whiie it destroys Us offensive oders, expels its ammonia and proportionately reduces its value. Liebig recommends its mixture with gypsum or chloride of caSciuru, or some mineral acid. I have not known this tried. Tais would fix the ammonia and give it out to the plants as the vital process is prepared to take it up. The mode of preparing it in Paris, is by drying it in largo vats in the sun until it can be reduced to a tine powder and loses all smell. Its best properties are then goneFine peat, muck, tine mould, powdered charcoal, tanner's bark burnt and charred. are substances which may b,5 mixed with it to great advantage. It is bayond all question one of the most powerful ol manures, bateau only be applied advaniMtreoiislv in a nrenared state. An es ""S I I tuiilishiucrit for this purpose is about being made in the county which may prove eminently beneficial. Bone manure has been tried to some extent; in some cases within my knowledge, with great and decided success; in others, without pcrceptibie benefit. These diverse results convince us of our ignor. ance, and show how much we have to hope from the investigations of chemistry and philosophical experiments in relation both to manures and soils, and the hitherto scarcely approached mysteries of vegetable life. Much of the bone manure which has been used has been from bones which have passed first through the hands of the soap-boiler, and after all the gelat. inous parts have been extracted. Aeonsiderublo portion of their fertilizing prop ; erlies has thus been taken away. The most successful application of bone manure which I have known was where they were mixed at the rate of abort one part ; to eight with leached ashes or mould, and ! a fermentation brought on before they i were applied. They were then spread lightly in the furrow, where carrots were isown. The ede'cU were most favorable, and surpassed a free dressing of barn ma r . " m ! nure in the neighboring part of the field : to the same kind of crop. 1 have known ! this manure applied likewise with great | advantage to corn in the hill, a small b mount in each hill without other manure, j and to turnips in the drill, l'eat mud is j used with much success by many persons. Its application, when spread directly from j ihe hog upon the soil, has not been ap. proved; hut when it has been thoroughly ; decomposed and reduced by a mixture ! with stable manure, with ashes, or with ! quick lime, it has furnished a valuable ; manure for spreading upon grass ground .or putting in the hill with corn. Various oihtM manures have been used ! witu great success. Ashes aie every | when; commended as excellent fir corn ; a : I wheat, and likewi-e for gras?. A ."he* being tiie direct result of vegetub o com. bustion, contain of course that wfiicli \? essential to vegetable growth and life, and being constantly carried from the earth i by the removal of its vegetable products, I must in some form be returned to it. i In some cases the waste from the cot. ' ton mills has been used with much ad | vantage; This consists of that which ij thrown out when the cotton parses through the picker, and is mads up noi only of tlie wool itself but a considerable amount of the seeds, which arc known tc abound in oil, and at the south s:o much | valued as ?manure. This manure w sometimes spread thinly on grass land, and at oiher times put into the compost heap. It has been too little employed for us to determine the best modes of its application. The waste from the woollen mills has likewise been used as a topdressing for grass both in Tewksbury in this county, and at Northampton in Hampshire. I have seen its effects in these places and in some other part9 of the country. They have been most remarkable, and surpassed by no manure which J I have ever seen applied. This refuse 1 < - 1- _ j :_ it,. used tormeriv 10 oe accurnuiaieu 111 mo neighborhood of the woollen factories at Lowell; and being surcharged with oil used in cleansing it, there was great risk , at rays of spontaneous combustion. When thrown into the river it was complained of as interfering with the shad fishery. The amount of wool used at the Middlesex miles in Lowell is more than GOO 000 lbs. per year. Being full of animal matter it is a most excellent manure. Its value has long been appreciated in England, but we seem to have come late to the knowledge of it. I have seen it spread directly upon grass land, both in mowing and pasture grounds, with surprising effect. It is much to be desired that the water in which their wools are washed, full as it is of animal oils and alkalies, could likewise he saved and applied to the land. It would prove beyond doubt a most valuable manure either applied on the grass lands or mixed in the compost heap. In the economy of nature nothing is without its use; and the first duty of the farmer is to remember that nothing should he lost. . A very exact and intelligent farmer in Uroton made some comparative experiments with different manures on pieces of land contiguous to each other, of which he has favored me with an account. The land to which these different substances were applied was What is there termed reclaimed meadow, and rich in vegetable mould. One bushel of ashes applied to three square rods of land at the rate of 53 bushels per acre; this produced a heavy burthen of grass, and was considered the best of the several manures applied. Salt, applied at the rate of one peck to three rods, or fourteen bushels per acre, produced a fair crop, and was considered the next host to the ashes. Gypsum, sown at the rate of three bushels to the acre, manifestly much improved the crop, and was much the least expensive application. Lime was dry slacked and applied at the rate of one bushel to six rods, or 26 bushels per acre, without any perceivable effect. 1 do not present these examples as furnishing any decisive results, but rather with the hope of inducing farmers to make and record exact experiments, though on a very limited scale, that by the acciiinululion of such facts we may arrive at something more definite. Little can be deduced from the above experiments, unless equal quantities of each kind of manure had been used; and then we want likewise to understand the nature of the soil, as in respect to some soils it is obvious certain kinds of manure are much more suitable than others. LETTER FUOX AX AMERICAN IN ENGLAND. By the Britannia steamer, which arrived at Boston on the 23d ult., we received the following letter from our friend, T. C. Peters, Esq., president of the Gennesec County Agricultural Society in this State, who is now on a visit to Great Britain:? Messrs. Gaylordand Tucker.?I have been so entirely busy since iny arrival in this country, that I have not had time to fuitil my promise to you till this moment. Even now I have so much upon my mind of the cares incident to business, that 1 fear I shall not be able to make a letter at all interesting. I have seen tiie country at a very bad season of the year. It has rained almost every day since 1 landed ; hut even with all that disa ivantage, I can see that it is a beautiful country. And its farming is Anl,.rr?A.l ?.T "UI 1411 vmuijjwu ui gUIUUIMiig* In many things connected with agriculture, they are decidedly superior to us; and in no one thing more than in the great attention and care they bestow 1 upon their land. No man can farm successfully here without considerable capital over and above his farm stock. Without that the farmer could do but little towards manuring, which is a great expense. i have been shown farms where , the outlay for manure alone was equal to ?39 per acre the first year. As an agricultural people, we are not [ thirty years behind the people here, and should [ live to the common age of man, I expect to see my country fully equal to ? any thing in Europe for the perfection of its agriculture. We have but to will and 1 it is done. Lot us thoroughly work our ' own farms, bestowing upon thern ail our care and attention, encourage, agricultural ' societies and publications, and aim to make our dwelling*, pleasant, by spending an occasional hour in the proper sea. son, in planting round them trees and j shrubs, and it will be but a few years beI lore our country will present an appear. > ance superior to anything abroad, poets > arid tourists to the contrary nntwithstan > T ju see **o /(.v?c t??o siitiw * n ? ah<J activity in the landscape here, a* you see with us. It is generally one of sweet ' repose. You miss the numerous farm ' houses and comfortable barns and out 1 houses, which are scattered thickly over ' the country with, us giving it the appear. ' ance of life and thriving industry. I ain in fuvor of our fences, as compared ( to the hedges and ditches, which are used , everywhere here. I think a good rail j fence is fur more sightly than a great ] majority of tho hedges in Ireland and ' this countu^ It is true, they may not! look so b^^^^^o a str^iger, unaccus- J tomed to life; hut I should feel j far inojm|^^^^f my fields were enclosed i l^^rail fence, than the best i 1 hcdg^wn^ffl have seen in this kingdom. At some time, I make no douht, hedges will become necessary with us and perhaps it is worthy of the attention of agricultural societies to endeavor to ascertain the best tree or shrub for quick fences. But when other materials are reasonably cheap, 1 would never trouble with a hedge. In making butter andchee.se, and pre. serving them in good condition for market, we are immeasurably behind the English, Dutch, and indeed all the better parts of agricultural Europe. I have devoted a good deal of time and attention to their butter and cheese here, having j through some ofthc best dairy re- i ? n - - 0 gions of Ireland and Great Britain; and j I ain satisfied there is no good reason why ! we should not inake as goad as their best. J ? I have examined the cheese which has ( sent over here frcin the United States, side with English and Dutch cheese; sonic of it is acknowledged to be equal to their best. A large portion of it, how. ever, is very poor, even' worse than the Dutch or Welsh. There arc two promincnt defects which might he easily reme. died; and that done, we might send a large quantity into this market at a fair profit. At present, it is no use to ship cheese, because it cannot lie sold at a remunerating price. Oac objection to our cheese is, that it is too thin and fiat. Tiiey should he made i 4 deeper hoops. A cheese weighing from twenty-five to thirty pounds, ought not to exceed tliir- j teen inches in diamenter,and should I* ; from five to seven or eight inches thick. 'It is an object with tie people here to get as much as they can in as small a surface as possible. Our flat cheeses present quite too much outside for the weight. Cheese weighing about forty pounds, when well cured, is the best size, and most preferred, and it should not be less than six inches thick. Another detect is in the making and coring. They prefer a rich mild flavored cheese, that will not crumble in cutting : ours is too strong of the rennet, and not as rich as it would he, if the farmer sold less butter. The whey should ail he pressed out, and the cheese well cured, so that it would keep its shape any length of time. Great care should he taken to make all of the same dairy, as uniform in ta?te and appearance as possible. In fine, if the farmer wishes to have a ready market at homo, he must make his cheese deeper and narrow, er, and mild flavored, and it must he rich and well cured, and keep its shape. My own impression, is that none but the best Liverpool salt should he used. I find I have no room lelt for remarks on butter, which perhaps your readers will not regret. I did not got up here in time to attend the Sinithfield Cattle Show. Sincerely yours, T. C. Peters. REPORT ON THE EXCHEQUER. ! The Select Committee, to whom was refer red so much of the Message of the Pres J blent as relates to the plan of f nance i therein recommended to Congress, as at- i so the Letter from the Secretary of the \ Treasury, accompanied by a draught of a hill for the establishment of a Board of Exchequer at the seat of Goccrnment ?rejjort, in part: The Committee have bestowed, on the subjects committed to thorn, nil the deliberate and anxious consideration, which the importance of those subjects demands. It became their duty to inquire as to the wisest and best method of keeping the public moneys of the United States; the material in which the name should he collected and disbursed ; and the power and obligations of the Federal Government in regard to the currency and exchanges of the U nion. They entered upon the discharge of j this duly at a period when, in consequence i of the magnitude and pressure of the pub- ! lie debts nt many ui ine stales ot me Union, the condition of llicir banking institutions, and other causes, the currency and exchanges ofa large part of the Uni? ; led States were involved in calamitous disoider ; at a period, when the pecuniaiy disasters of tho country, the cxticme differences so long existing among eminent statesmen as to the nature and causes of those disasters and the proper remedy for them., and the uncertainty and instability j of the financial policy of the Federal Government, hud conspired to render a sort of anarchy c?f opinion characteristic of the. times. Under these circumstances, the Corn. > r mitteo felt themselves called on by the J t Highest claims of patriotism and of honor, to endeavor to look steadily and calmly ^ it the facts surrounding them; to eman- ; ( :ipnte their minds so far as possible from t the dominion of all preconceived opinions; ( to bring to the solution of the great ques- , tions before them the benefit of at least , uncommitted judgments and unshackled ( freedom of decision ; to inquire not mere- 1 , r mliof murlil Ka in fVlt? liaal ft' llPP?ftnt ! J IViKU llll^llb UU |?? ?!!? Wl |/l | yiew of each, hut also what was the best j , >f things now practicable; and having I thus, without fear or favor, fully dis- 1 , charged their own duty to their country ( \nd themselves, to submit unhesitatingly | the result of their deliberations to the ^ candor and wisdom of tho House. They were the more strongly impelled , to the adoption of these principles of ac- ( lion, in consideration, that tire duty they , were to perform was one imposed on thern ( !>y the command of the House, noj ( nought nor desired by themselves; and , that, under subsisting political relations, ( for the success of any measure they , ruight propose, they must of necessity j rely on its intrinsic propriety, and the ( impartial sense of the Legislature. The Constitution of the United States . v f empowers Congress "to lay and collect < taxes, duties, imposts, and excises, to pay tne debts, and provide for the common ( defence and general welfare of the Uni. ( ted States," it being requisite that "ail j such duties, imposts, and excises, shall be , uniform throughout the United States." ( And it recognises (he existence of "the ( Treasury of the United States." But it does not prescribe the organization of { that Treasury, nor set forth the mode in which its personnel shall be constituted ( or its business transacted; otherwise than as it provides that the I*reside'nt. with the advice and consent of the Senate, shall appoint the principal officers of the United States. But the constitution further provides that Congress shall have power " to make all laws " necessary and proper tor carrying into execution" all other powers vested by it in the Federal Government. And under these constitutional provisions is the Treasury of the United States to be organized by legislation, and its concernsconducted ; the President being empowered and enjoined " to take carc that the laws be faithfully executed." Besides this, Congress has power "to regulate commerce with foreign nations and among the several States;" power " to coin monev. resrulate the vulue there. ^ ' O I of, and of foreign coin, and fix (he stun-! dard of weight* and measures and pow. er 44 to borrow money on the cred.l of the United States." And, on the other hand, while confer, ring these powers on the Federal Gov. eminent, the States have expressly forbidden to themselves and to each other to ( emit hills of credit, to make anything hut gold and silver coin a tender in payment , of debts, or to pa.rs any law impairing the I , obligation of contracts. j . By the act to establish the Treasury , Department, passed on the second of Sep. temher, 1769, it was provided that it shall he the duty of the Treasurer to receive , and keep the moneys of the United States, and to disburse thj same, upon warrants drawn by the Secretary of the Treasury ; but the plan and mode of so keeping the moneys of the United States ( were not specifically prescribed, unlimited ( scope of choice being left to the Treasurer in this reject, subject always to the ( authority of the President to see to the ( due execution or the laws, and, in his i executive capacity, to guard the interests , of the Government. Under these provisions of law, the ft*, cal operations of the Federal Government, as now constituted, commenced, and so proceeded, until the 25th of Feb. ruarv. 1791. when the Bank of the Uni j , r ted States was incorporated for a period of twenty years. Prior to which, there existed in the United States three incorporated banks, ( namely, that of North America, in Phil, adelphia ; that of New York, in the city ( of New York; and that of Massachusetts, , in Boston; all of them established before ( the adoption of the Constitution. Each of these hanks was a state corporation ; for, though the Bank of North America was originally established by Congress, in 17^1, yet it had since accepted and now acted under a charter from Pennsylvania. These banks, it waa thought, wore unfit or incompetent to perform the fiscal business of the Government; besides which, they could not absorb any amount , of the public debt, no* be relied on for advances of money to the United States, The incorporation of the Binli of the United States originated in an order ol f* ? 11; ? An liio S^i-fnt#rv nf ihn o I Ctliilllg Ull IIIW a^/wv? V J w? -_ J Treasury to prepare and repo/t a proper , plan for establishing the public credit. la . obedience to which, the Secretary presented two rejvorts; in one of them recommending that the public debt be funded, and additional taxes raised to pay tho in- ( terest on it; aud? in the other rccoin- ( mending the incorporation of a national bank, as being of " primary importance to the prosperous administration of the fi- J nances," and *v?f the greatest utility in ( the operations connected with the sup- , port of ihe public credit," or, as set forth in the preamble of the act, as tonding "to give facility to the obtaining of loans for j tho use of the Government; to which, in ( r.hL nreamLIe. was added tho frr'.hcr *j; otfjg?| eason of "advantage* to trade and indui? ry." This bank answered immediately thred ? >iirposes of the Government, namely, U A 3f its capital of ten millions of dollar* hree-fourihs was composed of- funded igbt: 2. [t was made the fiscal agent of he United States 5 3. Its notes became ? legalized currency, being declared re :eivable in all [momenta at the Treasury* And the system of the Government was completed bv the act of the 2d of April, 1792. establishing a mint, and reg* ulnting the coins of the United State* upon the basis of the dollar unit, previously prescribed by the Continental Congress. The incorporation of this bank was resisted, in the outsot, on consideration* of expediency and of constitutionality; which considerations led to the refusal of Congress to renew its charter. On the expiration of its charter, it does not appenr lo have been dcemed'necessary oi expedient to legislate further, either as to the means of collecting or the mode of keep ng the public moneys; but this was left o stand on the authority vested in the H-ensurer, by the act of 1769. to receive ind keep the moneys of the United States. Meanwhile, the number of hanks, incorporated hy the several States, had increased. previous to or at thai time, tonne fiundred. and in 1812 about twenty mora were incorporated, with an aggregate capital, in the whole, of upwards of seventy.seven millions of dollars; and the business of the Treasury was conduced in their notes, and by deposits* with ihem. In the progress of the war wiui Great Britain, all the State banks south of Now England ceased to pay coin for their bills, (in 1814,) as the United Stutee Bank would, in all probability, have done, if it hud continued to exist, as the suspension was chi fly in conscqucuce of advances made hy them to the Government: hut, notwithstanding the mm-redoemability of their bills, they continued, . from the necessity of the case, to he received and paid in the business of ih* Treasury, though gold and silver coin ur'ia nt ili?t iitup hv ditiirfiu enactment. (lie only legal currency of the United States. Under thin condition of things, the act of the 10:h of April, 1810, was passed, establishing the second Bank of the Unu ted States. The prime inducement to the establish* mcnt of this corporation, as staled by the President (Mr. Madison) in the message recommending it, wa9, to reatore to the community "a uniform currency ;" to pro. vide a 44substitute" for coin, *4whir*h might engage the confidence and accom. module the wants of the citizens throughout the Union," until the time when the precious metals could again be rendered "the general medium of exchange." Tho same precise object was dwelt U|?on more it length by the Secretary of the Treaau* ury, (Mr. Dallas.) The President, in his message, iodic*, ted three means ( providing a "common [paper) medium of circulation," viz: 1. By the hills of the State banks ; 2. By a national hunk ; and, 3. By 44lbenote?of ihe Government." In deciding for the second of theae means, rather than the third, the Sccreta. ry of the Treasury put his decision situ* ply on the poiut, that there was no "adequate motive," that is, no Government exigency, to induce the use of its credit u< (ho liiivi, Cif u / ! rs>i>lu I irtri Kvnrajwlw aerting, at the same time, the power of lb# Government ,4to supply and maintain a paper medium of exchange." This bank, then, like its predecessor, furnished a paper declared by law to ha receivable in all payments at the Treasury ; it was made the fiscal agrnt and the depository of the Treasury; and it absorbed in its capital's portion of the public debt; since, of the thirty-five millions of dollars constituting its stock, only sevens millions were requ.rcd to' be in 8|>eeie, the remaining twenty-one millions of private subscription being authorized to be tvV solved in stock, as also the seven million* o he subscribed by the Government." In further regulation of the currency* at the same session of Congress, by an act in the form of a resolution, passed on ihe 30th of April, 1816, it was provided that all duties, taxes, debts, or sumo of money accruing or becoming payable to the United States, shall be collected and paid in nothing but the legal currency of the United States, or Treasury notes, or notes of the United States Bank, or the notes of hanks payahlo and paid on do. man Jin the legal currency of the Ignited, States. And by the combined action of ?'he> Government, the United States tfank, ind other causes, the bank currvncyool' the country was brought back to a specif itandard. On the expiration of the legal terminf" the charier of this hank in 1638, (a hill for its rechrrer having been vetoed, by President Jackson, and the public ^d epos. t% withdrawn from it,) the business of the Treasury was again transferred to the. junks of (he States, and transacted by liiein. at first, underlie general autbori. ty of the act establishing the Treasury Dejmrtme.it, and afterwards according to the more specific provisions or ine aer or Congress nassed the 22- 1836, t$ , -fk;#t * '.:k -.: . C*T?J&R, -'c 11 | r.' .