Farmers' gazette, and Cheraw advertiser. (Cheraw, S.C.) 1839-1843, December 29, 1841, Image 1
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VOLUME VII CHERAW. SOUTH-CAROLINA, WEDNESDAY, DECEMBER 39, 1841. NUMBER 7~
" ;
Br M. MAC LEAW.
Tbkms:?Published weekly at three dollars a
year; with an addition, when not paid within
three months, of twenty per cent per annum.
Two new subscribers inay take the paper at
five dollars in advance; and ten at twenty.
Four subscribers, not receiving their papers
in town, may nay a year's subscription with ten j
dollars, in advance.
A year's subscription always due in advance. >
Papers not discontinued to solvent subscribers
in arrears.
Advertisements not exceeding IB lines inserted
er one dollar the first time, and fifty cents each ;
ubsequent time. For insertions at interval* of
two weeks 75 cents after the first, and a dollar
if the intervals are longer. Payment due in 1
advance for advertisements. When the number '
of insertions is not marked on the copy, the
adrrrtiseinent will be inserted, and charged lil <
trdered out.
mr The poaUg? newt be paui on if tiers 10 incr;
editor on the business of the office.
From the American Farmer.
SuneiiL Plouohino ?In our last, we I
to-<k occasion to advance our vi >ws in
support of subsoil ploughing, an 1 it gives I
us no little pleasure to find ourself su tain,
ed by Or. Jackson in his Report <>n the j
Geologv of New Hampshire. To render |
* 'the subject the more intelligible. it mnv be j
necessary to state, that Mr. Win. Trip- j
ure, the head of the Shaker village, in 1
that state, sent Or. Jackson several specimens
of the soils of the farm belonging to '
that society. The memoranda accom- ,
panying two of thern are as follows:
44 No. 3 is a very weak soil, rather
moist than otherwise, producing only
white birch hushes, and wild gulden rod
(Solidago) and will not retain the manure
applied inore than one or two years."
4* No. 4 is the suhsoil of tho above,
(No. 3.)"
44 Would not these two intimately mixed
form a good soil ?"
Upon which Professor Jackson makes
the subjoined remarks;
44 Darin? tho past winter, a Iar?o share ;
of mv tin e has beenjde^o ec'? o e e rches
into the miure^of the soils, a.id I intended I
to publish in this Rcpoit a full account
of the results to which I had arrived, but
the subject requires so many details and
general considerations, in order to render
itfullv comprehensible, that it would be
impracticable to have the Report ready in
season, if all the matter should he printed.
By advice of the Governor and Council,
I have therefore suppressed a lar^e portion
i f my remarks. and shall reserve them
for the fit I It port, which will ho publish
?d hereafter. We shall then he able to j
g ve a still in detailed account of the j
nature and modes of improvement of soils,
and hope to obtain much valuable statis.
tical informttion concerning the agriculO
C*
ture of the S:ate.
I have inserted the general results of
the proximate analyses, in order to exhibit
the proportions of earthv saline and ve?ef.iKlp
mn'fprv in fiie ?ml< which have
M been analyzed. In my next Report, I
shall give a full account of the precise nature
of the organic matters which have
been detected insoiisof various grades
of fertility. I may here state that we
have discovered the following ingredients
D ?3
in tho organic matter of all the soils
which have been analyzed, and that they i
varv in proportions in different soils and
at different seasons of the year, so that
the utmost detail will he required hereafter
in the expesition of their relations to each
other, and to the mineral ingredients.
The soluble organic ingredients found
in all fertile soils, according to the researches
of Berzelius. Hermann, and
those which I have made during the past j
three years, are.
Crenic acid,
A nor rente acid.
Humic arid.
Mutnin, and
Extiaet of HumusThese
matter- are genornllv combined
with the basis Lone. Magnesia, Soda or '
Fotish, Ammonia, Manganese, Per.oxide |
of iron and Alu nina, forming extremely '
complex combinations which require the
exertion of the utmost skill of the chem- j
ist for their separation.
As n general result. I would also state
that the creruc and humic acids, combined
with lime and ammonia, exist in the subsoils;
hence we inay account, in a measure,
for the advantages arising from
deep and sub-soil ploughing, which bring j
these valuable soluble ingredients within
the reach of plants.
In several nog and pond waters I have m
also found the apocrenate and humate of
ammonia, in considerable quantities, and
I have no doubt that the differences observed
in the relative value of waters for j
w irrigation depends upon the presence or j
absence of these soluble matters.
When we form compost manures, we
should endeavor to produce those useful i
substances which may be deficient in I
the natural soil, and to replace those i
which are exhausted by the repeated re- j
moval of crops, or hv infiltration and de- j
composition. It becomes us, therefore, i
to ascertain mo<t minutely the chemical '
nature of soils, and to study attentively
the effects of compost manures. Th is '
subject is yet in its infancy, and requires
the aid of th3 most careful and scientific
researches for its full elucidation."
It would appear from the analysis of
professor Jackson, that substances highly
favorable to vegetation exist in sub-soils,
which require only to be brought to the
surface and mingled with the surface i
soil, or to be so opened by the plough, as <
to be within the reach of plants and the I
action of atmospheric influence, to become
soluble and, thus be converted into <
nutriment of great value to vegetation, i
As his researches have been directed to
the subject, we have a right to conclude i
that the results he has arrived at, as well |
as the opinions formed by him, aro cor- I
rect. If they are, and we doubt not that i
they ate, the benefits to result from subsoil
ploughing, or even trench-ploughing, will i
prove of incalculable value. We have I
known many farmers who depreciated the I
idea of deep ploughing sandy surface soils
superincumbent upon hard pan, or argil- i
aceous subsoils, on the plea that the former
would bo poisoned. Against the jus- I
tice or propriety of 9iich fears we have
ever protested, because it was our opinion
that by bringing up the latter and commingling
it with the first, a soil superior
to either would be produced, for all admit,
that mould is infinitely preferable to
sand, or tenacious clay: and ail must admit
too, that no plant was ever yet cur
Ui'ed of its fair proportions, or deprived
its pow ;r of maf 'ring its seed, by having
.1 doep b^d of healthful earth from which
to derive its food. Nor will it be contended,
that deep soils are not better adapted
to the purposes of culture than
shallow ones, where there may exist the
rightful distribution of constituent proprietors
to he converted into vegetable pabulum.
The existence of some in excess,
might, to be sure, operate for a short period
disndvantageously, but timey which
fakes off the sharp angles and asperities
ofthe human character, which enables
man to assume the mastery over his passions,
will, by a course of judicious culture
and continuous cropping, abstract this
excess, and render the soil fertile. So
that the danger of injury from mixing the
surface with the subsoil, is more imaginary
than real. But even if it were not, )
almost every farmer has a corrective at
hand?and that corrective may be found
in lime, ashes, or marl. Therefore, we
say to all. plough deep?subsoil plough, if
practicable?or, if you prefer it, trenchplough.
;
ALKALINE MANURES?COMPOSTS. ,
Professor Jackson in speaking on the
above subjects has the following observations
:
" VVe can from experimental trials and
and from long and repeated observations,
give some us :ful directions as to the ope- 1 '
ration of compost manures. The follow- j
ing results may therefore he found of ad- I
vantage 'o the farmer, Ve getable matters,
on decomposition, produce a b.own substance,
which has acid properties:
By the action of alkaline matters, such
as potash, soda, ammonia, and lime, we
may correct this natural acidity, and at
the same time convert a larger proportion
of the vegetable mould into a soluble
manure, capable of being taken up by the
rootlets of plants, and suitable for assimilation
in the vegetable sap vessels.
Animal matter, containing a large proportion
of nitrogen, gives out a great
quantity of ammonia when decomposed.
Hence the well known value of animal
ex- r merits as manures, even on soils
already charged with a sufficiency of <
vegetable matters.
Now we shall see that the influence ot '
lime in a compost heap, composed of veg- ;
etable and animal matters in a state of ,
decay, is to eliminate the ammonia from
the putrid animal matters, so as to cause
it to act jpoti the vegetable substances,
which are naturally acid, and to render a
large proportion of the organic matter soluble
in water.
The influence of lime is also excrtefl to
neutralize acids which in their free state, 1
are noxious ; such, for instance, as the
sulphuric and phosphoric acids, and their
acid salts, and the resulting combinations
with lime are extremely favorable to vegetation.
Gypsum, if mixed into a compost where
carbonate of ammonia is eliminated, is
partially decomposed, and carbonate of ,
lime and sulphate of ammonia result,
which the experiments of i\Jr. Lecoq and
others have proved to be valuable saline
manures. Carbonate ammonia is also
well known to be a most powerful manure,
but we cannot afford to use in a '
large way so costly a substance as the
commercial article. We must, therefore,
make it indirectly in our compost heaps,
as I have long siBce stated in former ReO
porta.
When we compost together through
the winter, peat, swamp muck, rotten
wood, or any vegetable matters, with
barn-yard manure, and in the spring season
we mix into the heap, about three
weeks before we intend to use the compost,
some recently slacked lime, (or, if
that is not to be had, some unleached
ashes or potash will answer,) we generate,
from the decomposition of the animal matters,
an enormous quantity of ammonia,
which will be absorbed by the vegetable
acids, and the manure will be powerfully
augmented in strength and value.
The proportions in which peat or swamp
muck and stable manure have been employed
on a large scalet successfully, are
as follows :
Three loads of swamp muck or peat,
One load of stable or barn-yard or any
animal manure.
These are made into a compost heap,
and are allowed to ferment over winter? n
dt long enough for decomposition to commence.
In the spring season* one cask of re- |?
cently slacked lime is to be carefully (|
mixed in, while digging over the heap. n
The lime extricates the pungent, gaseous ^
alkali ammonia which penetrates every
part of the compost heap and nuetralizes
the organic acids, forming valuable soluble *'
compounds.
Night soil and the urine of animals is 11
also a most useful addition to a comDost
neap, and will produce more ammonia 11
than any other animal manures. Every a
farmer should provide some means for g
saving the liquid manures which are so f
frequently wasted, for if properly used^ 4
liqtf.d manures are of very great value."" " p
If peat, swamp muck or rotten wood 0
can be obtained, they may be made to
absorb the liquids by placing them under
the stable, or a trench may be cut from
the stable and vault, and the liquid manures
may he conveyed thereby into the n
vegetable compost which in such case I1
may be placed at a distance from the 1
dwelling house, tit a lower level. v
Vegetable matters of the kind above v
should also be put into the hog-styes, and C
the hogs will soon convert it into a good i
compost. Every hog, says the celebrated
farmer Mr. Phinney of Lexington,
will make ten loads of good compost manure
if you will afford him the materials, p
In the spring the compost is to be thrown {
out from the styes, and then lime or ashes
may be advantageously mixed with it,
and it will be ready for use in 10 days.
Many intelligent and enterprising farmers v
already practice some of the rules here *
laid down, and it is desirable that all ^
should know the theory of their opera- c
tions. v
The above views of Professor Jackson t
are founded on|common sense, reason|and
philosophy, and uhould rlbeive attention.
From the National Intelligencer. j
AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY OF THE UNITED J
STATES. C
A meeting of the friends of Agriculture t
from the different sections of the United r
States was held, pursuant to public notice c
.1 *t 11 <?ii rt r n
in me nan or inn nou.se 01 xvepreNenm- s
lives, on the 15th of December, 1841 ;
wlien, ^
On motion of the Hon. Dixon H. Lew. s
is, of Alabama, the Hon. James M. Gar. ?;
nett, of Virginia, was appointed Piesident
of the meeting; nnd the Hon. D. H.
Lewis, of Alabama, Hon. Edmund I)e- *
berry, of North Carolina, Dr. James W. '
Thompson, of Delaware, Joseph Gales. P
Esq., of the District of Columbia, Benja- c
tnin V. French, Esq. of Massachusetts, n
* (]
and .las. T. Giffoid, Esq. of Illinios, were
appointed Vice Presidents; and J. F.
Callan, oi the District of Columbia, and j,
Robert E. Horner, of New Jersey, were f
appointed Secretaries. t
The President, having very ably and r
pointedly addressed the Convention, ap- c
pointed the following Committee to pre. j
sent the Constitution of the Society, viz. f
Hon. H. L. Ellsworth, of D. C., Hon. D. s
H. Lewis, of Alabama, Hon. James A. r
Poarce, of Maryland, Hon. Zadok Casey, j
of Illinois, Hon. G. M. Keim, of Penn- |
^ylvania, John Jones, Esq. of Delaware,
Peter Thatcher, Esq. of Massachusetts, j.
andC. F. Mercer Esq. of Florida, who, e
lifter having retired for a few moments, t
reported a Constitution, which was read j
and adopted.
On motion, J. S. Skinner, Esq. Hon.
D. H. Lewis, and Han. H. L. Ellsworth c
wore appointed a committee to wait upon
the Chairman, and solicit a copy of his f
address for publication. r
On motion ol Mr. Torrev, of Mass. it
was j
Resolved, That the Board of Control of j s
the Society he instructed to present a petition
to the present Congress of the Uni r
ted States to set apart the Smithsonian t
hequest for the purpose of carrying out
the objects of the Society.
The Hon. Levi Woodbury ol New (3
Hampshire, Hon. LewisF. Linn, of Mis. J
souri, Hon, William C. Rives, of Virgin- ^
ia, Hon. D Lewis, of Alabama, Hon. v
John Hastings, of Ohio, Hon. Henry L. (
Ellsworth, of the District of Columbia, v
and J. F. Callan, of the District efColum- J"
bin, were appointed a Committee to g
lect the Officers of the Society provided t
Ct\r in f lio T^.nnut itntinn fn sprvn until the f
regular election in May next.
On motion, it was
Ordered, That subscription papers be
left with the Secretary of the Senate, the
Clerk of the House of Representatives, ^
the Librarian cf Congress and with the ,
Secretaries of this meeting may enrol
their names.
Ordered, That the proceedings of this
meeting be published in all the newspa. j
pers of District. I
And the Convention adjourned. I
J. F. CALLAN, (
R. E. HORNER, (
Secretaries.
A family in Maryland were all lately
made sick, by eating of hominy boiled '
in a brass kettle, in which it had remain. 1
ed all night.
-??
ATCO!f AL INSTITUTION TO* THE PBOXOf
TION OF SCIENCE.
The Society held its stated meeting
tst Monday night for the first time in
is magnificent hall of the Institution,
ne of the largest and finest rooms in the
rorld, being of the length of two.hundred
nd sixty-five feet and of the breadth of
ixtj'-five feet. The arched seiling of
be Hall is supported by collonnades, and
be lesss|ated floor is of beautiful marble.
About one hundred members attended
be neeting; among whom were Cabinet
nd Foreign Ministers, Members of Con;resv?
apd many other distinguished
uncuonvies of Government and devoMuch
imortsnt
business was transacted, develping
the great resources, rapid growth,
nd interesting character of this Instituion.
It was peculiarly gratifying to observe,
n this occasion, the feelings of national
ride so strongly manifested for the con.
inii)d success of this establishment, of
rhich there can be but little doubt, when
re tee the fostering care of the General
iov?rnment generously bestowed upon
t.?Nat. Intel.
WINE IN INDIANA.
A statement is made in the Louisville
tapers as to the production of a vineyard
n Irdiana, four miles from Utica. The
ineyard was seven acres in extent, with
inly one acre and a half bearing, and
ines planted in rows six feel apart, and
hree feet apart in the rows. The proluce
is stated to have been one thousand
>ne hundred and seventy gallons of pure
vine. The grape was the Catawba, and
he vines five years old.
CURIOSITIE8 ARRIVED.
The ship Jeannetta, which arrived al
^ew York, a few days since, from New
South Wales, has on hoard a number ol
nirtous petrifactions, with a great varie.
y of shells and other interesting speci.
nenw of natural history. Also a largt
:ollection of seeds of flowering plants a nc
hrubp, from Now Holland, New Zealand
md Norfolk Island, and some curious and
eautiful bids?al! for the "National \s.
ociaton for the Promotion of Arts and
Sciences" at Washington.
extraordinary dicovery We copy,
'eihatim the (blowing notice ol a late
<Yence discovery, from an English pa.
icr. Whether it is of any importance,
ir whether it is any discovery at all, we
re entirely ignorant, but hope some of
mr inquisitive readers will testit:
"The injection of a solution of chlorure
if aluminum into the aorta or main arteral
trunk of animal, will preserve it fresh
or and indefinate period, without impu.
ing to it the slightest taste. The chloic
acid of the salt renders the gelatine
r decomposable part of animal matter
ncapable of decomposition, perhaps by
lestrnying some alkali, for which the
miri rmu a rrronfrir nfRnifv than fnP nlil.
IVIU IIIIQ (I gl V/U VVI Ulllllli^ ? ? M I VIn.num.
The latter substance, thus deirived
of its acid, becomes an incipid
)owder. The particulars of this discov;ry,
by M Gannnl. will he found in the
>ulle:in of the French Academy of Sci?
inceJj for the sitting of March 22, and ir
he Literary Gazette of that meeting.?
7rom two to five pounds of salt, disvercd
Depasture of the Amistad Afri;ans?These
personages, thirty-five in
lumber, being all that survive, embarked
in Wednesday last at New York, for Siera
Leone, on board the barque Gentleman,
.ccom[Mined by the Rev Mr Steele, Kev
fir Raymond and Mrs Raymond, mis.
iona.'ies, and Mra^d Mrs Wilson, teach:rs.
From Sierra Leone they anticipate
10 difficulty in reaching their own coun.
rv.
J
Silk at Jamaica, VV I.?A correspond,
knt of the Philadelohia North American,
iritin* from St. Ann's Bay, J a., Oct. l.'hh,
lays:?" I founathe prospects of the Yankee
hlk Company, headpd by Mr. Whitmarfh,
pry fine. Our vessel (rhe ba-que Marline,
}apt. Venard, brought eight millions of silk
vorm eggs for the company. They have aleady
completed a cocoonery 100 f. ?'t long for
he worms The trees have attain'd a height
ilmost incredible in so short a time. 1 rees
hat v ere planted some nine month* ago, are
rom 10 to li feel high."
AN EXTRAORDINARY WOMAN.
In the anatomy school at Oxford, Engand,
among other curiosities, they show
he skeleton of a woman who had ten
Disbands, and was hanged at the age ol
16, for the murder of four of them.
THE UNITED STATES BANK.
W* ?:c~J I *V.,
" v aic giauucu II# icnin, days IIIC
Philadelphia Gazette that proposals have
)een made to the government, through
the Collector of this port, for the purchase
of the magnificent banking house of this
:orpo.*ation, for a custom house.
rHE FREE BANKS?BANKING SYSTEMS. &C.
We observed a statement in the Na.
lional Gazette a day or two since, which
was vastly erronious in reference to the
free hanks in this state. It was to the efi
feet t-iit the system had utterly failed?
that out of about one hundred hanks created
under the general banking law only
ten or fifteen were left standing.
We will in the first place correct this
monstrous error of fact. The whole
number of banks established under that
law was eighty-seven. Of that number
we believe that no less than sixty are
now in good standing, and generally in
as good credit as any bank9 in the country.
Several of them keep their bills at
par in this city, and none of them are at a
discount of over three-fourths of one per
cent. Some few of this number may
have concluded to wind up .heir business
of their own motion, hut if they have
done so it hu* been without any loss to
the public. But certainly not more than
half a dozen have done so. It is entirely
safe to say that at least fifty of the free
banks of this state are in full and successr..i
A?
iui operation.
We therefore deny that the free hanking
system has failed, as alleged in.the
National Gazette. As far as the experi.
ment of freedom was permitted to go,
it may. justly be pronounced completely
successful. It was to he expected that
the starting of a new system would be attended
with difficulties. But they have
, not been greater than was generally anticipated,
and we have as many banksstanding
and likely to stand as are needed
for all business purposes.
N. Y. Sun.
CRUELTY AND FOUL DEATH.
On last Sabbath morning, a mm b)
the ncmeof Peter Cauble, of this Conn
tv. brought into town, to his master, Mr
B. Fisley, a small negro boy who hat
been, so badly whipped by himself o
1 his wife, Polly Cauble that his life wa
I considered by the Physicians who wen
called into see him, in eminent danger
A State's Warrant was taken out agains
Cauble who was immediately committei
[ to jail.
r This circumstance led to the discover;
f of one much more serious and revolting
It was known that Cauble had, about i
week In-fore, buried a little negro girl,wh<
, until now, it was supposed had diet
j a natural death. The little negro bo;
was questioned about the death of th
* little girl, and from him the horrible am
^ sbocki >g apprehensions of her havin,
hoen actually whipped to death was firs
I obtained. Mr. Turner, the Coroner, be
ing notified of it, promptly summoned
jury of inquest, the body of the child wa
disintered and examined: and we are sor
rv to add, that it resulted in a conhrma
' lion of the boy's story. The verdict ol
the jury was that the child had come t<
, its death by violence and abuse.
Polly Cauble was also immediately ar
rested and committed to prison, when
she and her husband are to remain to a
wait their trals.?Salisbury Watchman.
The following Committees have beei
appointed by the Speaker of the Hous
of Representatives, in addition to thosi
published in our last paper:
Committee on the Expenditures in 1h
State Department.?Messrs. John Vai
Buren, N. Y.Charles Hudson, Mass.,
William M. Oliver, N. Y.. John H
i Brockway, Conn., Win. S. Hastings
Mass.
Committee on the Expenditure of th
Treasury Department..?Messrs. A. Law
rence Foster, N. Y., Samson Mason
1 Ohio, Samuel Patridge, N. Y., Isaac I)
' Jones, Maryland, James Irvin, P^nn.
' Committee on Vie Expenditures in h
War Department.?Messrs. James J
McKay, N C.. Thomas A. Temlinsnn
i N. Y., Peter Newhard, Penn., John H
| Brockway, Conn., Archibald, L. Lynn
v v
ill A
Committees on the Expenditure in th<
, Navy Department.?Messrs. Thnma
Jones Yorke, N. J., Wm. Simonton
Pjnn., Nathaniel B. Borden, Mass.. Alex
H- H. Smart. Va., Willis (Ireen. Kv..
Committee on the Expenditures in (hi
Post Office Department.?Messrs, Joshu?
A. Lowell, Me., Christopher Morgan, N
Y., Wm H. Washington, N. C., Linr
Bovd, Kv., Henry S. Lane, Ind.
Committee on Expenditures on the Pub
lie Buildings.?Messrs. Cave Johnson
Tenn.. Seth M Gates, N. Y., Benjamir
A. Bidlaok, Penn., Samuel Stokely, Ohio
Jacob Houck, jr., N. Y.
Singular Coincidence.? One of ou
citizens has two sons who are settled ir
44 distant lands." One of them reside."
in Illinois and the other in Texas. The)
have not been in this quarter, nor seer
e.ich other for /?: #> vosirs. A few morn.
; ; j ~ J ? -
ings since, the father was standing at thf
Lowell depot, just as the cars had arrived
from Boston. One of the passengers,
observing him, came toward him unperceivcd
and "tapped him" on the shoulder,
Looking up, he beheld before him his son,
who had just arrived from Texas. Thej
started from the depot, busy in conversaI
tien. They had gone but a few steps,
i when another person who had been a pasi
srnger in the same train, came up behind
i them and touched thorn on the shoulders,
Looking round, to theii astonishment and
delight they beheld before them the son
whose residence is in Illinois. The meet,
ing was to each of them altogether unexpected.
The sons had passed from Bos(
ton to Lowell in the same train of car?
without having observed each other. The
father knew nothing of the intended visit!
I of his sons, and the tons weie quite *
ignorant of the movements of each other.
(LoweU Cottier,
Valui op a Nosa.?Many years ago
we were on board the brig Cl&rrissa, of
Salem, on a voyage to the north coast of
Brazil. At that time good charts of tha
coast were not to be had?as the trade
had been but recently opeued. Ourself
and another youngster were in the second
REPORT
Of the Committee on Federal Relatione
On so much o f the Governor's Message
No 1, as relates to the Controversey between
Virginia and New York.
The Committee on Federal Rqlatl^pfe
to whom was referred *tbat port of the
Governor's Message No. 1, which relates
to the controversy between Virginia and
New York, beg leave to
KuruKT:
That they have duly cooaidered the
subject, and hare agreed to recommend
the passage of the Bill accompanying this
Report.
Believing that the Senate ought to be
in possession^of the matter in controversy,
as well asjjof certain facts presented in
' connection therewith, your Committee
ask leave to furnish the following state*
ment: . I
In the year 1839, Isaac, a slave of one
John G. Colly, of Virginia, was inveigled
or stolen, and carried to New York, by
three citizens of New York, engaged as
seamen on board the schooner Robert
' Center. In July of that year, the Gov.
' ernrrof Virginia made a formal demand
on the Executive of New York, for the
delivery, to the authorities of Virginia, of
r these men, viz: Peter Johnson, Edward
s S ?.ith, and Isaac Gausey, who, having
5 committed an offence against the laws of
' Virginia, a crime, in the language and
' meaning of the Constitution, were regar*
-1 ded. and so represented, as fugitives from
justice.
y Gov. Seward, of New York, refused to
' comply with this reasonable demand, and
5 assigned as cause for his refusal, that the
" right to demand, and the reciprocal ohli*
3 gation to surrender fugitives from justice
y between so\ercign and independent na*"
e tions, as defined by the Law of Nations,
d include only those cases |n which the
s acts constituting the offence charged, are
11 recognized by the universal law of alt
1 civilized countries. That the provision
a in ihn Constitution of the United Stales,
8 i re'ative to the demand of fugitives from
(justice, applies only to those acts, whim,
;f committed within the jurisdiction of the
' State in which the person accused is
'J found, would be treasonable, felonious, or
crim na . by tiie laws of that State: that
no law of New York at this time recog.
e i .
I iiiack, iiw Finnic auuiuiou, iu<ti uue inaii
' j could be tiie property of another ; or that
| one man could be solen from another;
i and that consequently, the lawn of Vir*
^ | ginia, making ttie stealing ol a slave felo.
a I ny, did not constitute a crime within the
j meaning of the Constitution.
| That ;>art of the 2d Section of the
4th Artic'e of the Constitution alluded
to, is in ihe<e words: " Any person with
treason, felony, or other crime in any
> State, who shall flee from justice, and
' j .shall be found in any other State, shall,
I on demand of the State from which ho
fl:d, be delivered up. and removed to the
State having jurisdiction of the offence."
The Governor of Virginia, in one of
his communications to the Executive of
New York, a?ys: " Is it true that the
offence committed by Peter Johnson, Ed*
ward Smith, and Isaac Causey, is not re'
cognized as criminal by the universal law
j of all civilized countries? They are
' jcharged with feloniously stealing from
I John G. Colly, a citizen of this State,
property which could not have been worth
| less than 6 or 7 hundred d liars. And I
' ! understand stealing to be recognised as a
crime, by all laws, human and divine."
'n . . u: _ . t. _ r* - e VT v - ?
i ?# mis i?ic uuvernor ur i^iew tor* re*
pi es: 4411 is feely admitted, that the
argument would be at end, if it were as
Hear that one human being may be the, property
of another, as it is that stealing is a
crime. On the contrary, however, I must
" ! insist, with perfect resjiect, that the gener'
| nl principle of civilized communities, is in
1 ! harmony with that which prevails in this
' State, that men are not the subject of
property, and of course, that no such
ctime can exist in countries where that
r | principle prevails, as the felonious stealing
i | of a human being considered as property."
i Against this monstrous, disorganizing
r doct ine, so cioly avowed by the Execiu
i tive of New York, every intelligent man
in Carolina will indignantly protest. The
1 2d Section of the 4th Article of the ConI
stitution above quoted, in the 3rd para?
I graph, provides, that " No person held to
service or labor in one State under the
> laws thereof escaping into another, shall,
i in consequence of any law or regulation
therein,be discharged from such service
or labor, hut shall be delivered up on
claim of the party to whom such service
or labor may be due."
I Which Section refers clearly to the
> property of the South in slaves, tad thua
' distinctly recognise such property, with*
> out which recognition, and a due regard
to its protection by such fundamental
provision, this State would never have en*
tered into the Federal Compact.
The Governor of Virginia, presenting
> these frets to the Legislature of that
II State in his annual Message, that Legiv