Farmers' gazette, and Cheraw advertiser. (Cheraw, S.C.) 1839-1843, December 08, 1841, Image 1
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SitB HBWW&'WMMM*
VOLUME VII CHER AW, SOUTH-CAROLINA, WEDNESDAY, DECEMBER 8, 1841. NUMBER 4.
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rr
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Ml , '11-*-II SC
temperance. re
??? I
From the National Intelligencer. cr
TEMPERANCE MOVEMENTS IN THIS CITY. in
We have had the pleasure of attending al
several interesting meetings within the of
last two weeks, in this city, where excel- fe
lent addresses were delivered in favor of ch
the Temperance cause. At one of, these th
meetings it was gratifying to observe the a:i
^ zeal and good feeling which were evinced co
by the juvenile part of the community, re
It is to be hoped that the young will be
encouraged to persevere in their laudable
attempts to bring within the pale and Ti
influence of their association as many th
young men, apprentices, and minors, as hi
feave had an opportunity of witnessing the pc
blessed effects of the Temperance cause of
in our community, or of noticing the ur
happy ^nd wonderful changes which have gr
boen wrought in particular individuals, mi
Try means of the Total Abstinence and ivi
Temperance Societies. It is to be hoped fel
that the clergy, and those who are accus- ph
tomed to public speaking, will strive to ur,
keep *We ball in motion by their persua- TJ
?ive eloquence and their powerful appeals is i
to the sober senates and sensibilities of wl
the community. It is to be hoped that sici
many thousands more unhappy victims pn
* of irrtemperance may be saved from the M<
yawning gulf of perdition by the emissa- H(
rics of Total Abstinence. Mi
It has fallen to our lot, within the last Iv
week, to notice some remarkable instances
of the biassed effects of the Total Abstinence
system upon individuals who were __
known-in this community, not more than
n vcar ago, as wretched outcasts in soci- j
ety, habitual drunkards, and miserable in- gjZ(
mates of our cily prisons. inn
To one of these instances we cannot wil
help adverting and calling the attention ?e'
of those persons more especially (if such
there he in our community) who still doubt
it e efficacy and reforming qualities of the
Total Abstinence system. What we are
about to relate came within our official j?
notice; and we honestly confess tliat it ,n|
ihas made a very deep impression upon *p<
our 'minds in favor of the Temperance do
if <cat>se. mi
One morning in the early part of last lar
week, a police magistrate in one of the
largest and most populous wards of this
city was visited at his private dwelling SU(
** ? _ L.I-J onAtkav norunn . ,
wy a ponce cousuimc mm nuumu
who said they liaci called for the purpose jjo
of procuring the release of a man who
had been committed as a vagrant and Pr(
disorderly person a few nights previous.
!y. The person accompanying the offi.
cor remarked to the magistrate that the
poor fellow in confinement had seen his ,nil
error and acknowledged it, and was now un
fully resolved to leave off drinking in- so
toxicating liquors, which had brought int
him into his present difficulty, and which, rio
in time past, had caused him so much he
sorrow, misery, and shame. On the ar
intiinatmg to the person thus j v
pleading for the prisoner that security S(>)
would be required for his good behavior, r
and that some costs had already accrued,
the kind-hearted fellow declared that, although
he was a poor man himself, he i'
was able and would willingly become the AV
security and pay all the costs, for he had USI
full confidence in thp prisoner's assurances 19,
of amendment, inasmuch as he had-prom- s,,l
ised to lake the pledge of Total Absti we
twnce, and was anxious to join the society ol<
of those who had abjured the use of all in- an
toxicating drinks. "Do you think," said Ca
the magistrate, 44 the prisoner will abide fOI
by his pledge after he has taken it?" **/ an
do, sir," sard the man emphatically ; 4,and wj
I am determined to release him and stand na
by him until he becomes a totally changed'
man. I feci confident that he will not
deceive me; and, if be does, why, then m<
I shall have the satisfaction of knowing *?
and feeling that I have done my best to an
reclaim from beastly intoxication one who ol'
i is a good workman and a good fellow Af
whenever he is sober and in his right co
senses." Struck with silent admiration ex
?t the speaker's disinterested friendship, co
Christian philanthropy, and noble senti- be
ments, the magistrate paused for a few 0(1
moments, and ?hen said he would acconi- pe
pany the generous man to the prison, (o
and thero make out the prisoner's re- .
lease. ^
On their wav, the person accompanying
the magistrate, looking hirn earnestly
in the face, exclaimed : " I perceive, sir,
you do not know me; indeed, I do not
wonder at it, for I am certainly an altered v''
titan since you committed and properly so
committed, me to the workhouse as a ^
drunkard cud strett brawler." Here the* ne
leaker mentioned his name, and the
mgistrate then, and not till then, recogised
before him a man well dressed from
ead to foot, clean, healthy looking, and
'together, in appearance, "a new crea*
ire" and "an altered man." "Sir " con.
nued the speaker, "all this blessed change
owing to mv having taken and kept the
edge of Total Abstinence. You know,
r, when you committed me to the workluse,
I had neither money, nor friends
> go my security. I was then in rags
id misery. Noic, since I have left off
inking, I have good clothes, money
lough, and plenty of friends withal to
ovide me with work and all that is ne.
jssarv to make me respecfnhle and comTtabler'*
Bere the poor-fellow'* foelingsere
evidently touched, still he added, in
?? How run T. who owe
?>lil/Ui|UU lUiii'i
? much to the cause of Total Abstinence,
fuse to help a brother in distress, when
see a fair chance of making him as
unfortable and happy as myself?" Here,
deed, were faith, hope and charity
I united in the person and grateful heart
'one who, to use his own emphatic and
eling language, had become totally
langed by his "having taken and kept
e pledge of Total Abstinence." What
i excellent example! What strong en.
uragement is hereby afforded to all the
maining inebriates in our community to
and do likewise."
The Temperance Meeting held last
uesday evening at Wesley Chapel in
is city was, as we understand, of a
ghly interesting character, it being comsed
of friends of the Temperance cause
various denominations, who cordially
lited on common ground to promote the
eat objects of the Association. The
meting was most eloquently and effect?ly
addressed by the Rev- Mr. String- 1
How, who met and answered the mo9t j
lusible objections which have been
ged against Temperance Associations,
le address of the reverend gentleman
spoken of in the highest terms by those
io had the pleasure of hearing it. Deles
the reverend speaker, there were
ssent the following clergymen: Rev.
sssrs. Tuston, Robb and Davis, D.
jward, President of the Society, and
r. Zevely, the Secretary, acted officcialat
this interesting meeting.
n n
PRESERVING BACON FROM SKIPPERS.
t is said that a piece of brimstone the
? of a ch-nqupen or small chesnut thrown
3 the tire once a day while smoking bacon,
1 effectually prevent skippers and bugs from
ting into it, without imparting any uncomn
or disagreeable taste to the meat.
From the Southern Planter.
Dear Sir:?This paper will be devoted
what I consider the best mode oftreatZ
the hog. And in the olFset, I bej
O *
jak the patience of your readers, for to
any thing like justice to the subject, I
ist necessarily be somewhat particu
We will suppose then that you have
i proper accommodation for your hogs,
:h as have been described, or someng
similar to them ; and that in addi.
n to this, you have a hoar of the imwed
breed, (the common hog, with hut
v, if any exceptions, is of very little
lue,)and that he has been kept conntly
apart Pom your sows. This is u
Liter of L'reat conseouence for if he be
- p !
restrained, lie will either stray away,
that you will lose lurn, or he will have
ercouse with the sows at improper peels
of the year, or what is still worse,
will set them to breeding when they
i too young for the purpose. And here
rill remark, that the best time lor the
vsto have their pigs is about the first
March or first of September, couseently
the proper time for them to go
hoar is about the 10th of November or
th of May, for it is well known that the i
Jul time of gestation with this animal i
just about sixteen weeks. We will
ppose, further, that you have a likely
II grown sow, ten or twelve months
I, (younger than this will he too early) j
d that at one or the other periods indited
above, she manifests an inclination j
the boar. She may now he indulged, I
d if she stands quietly during the
lole operation, one coitus will ordi- j
rily be found sufficient. Indeed, I
nsiderone as preferable to a dozen or
:?re. The boar is then to he returned
his pen, and the sow is to be put into J
other, and there kept apart from ail;
tier hogs, until she is entirely out of iieat
*ter this she may he turned out, and I
mmonly requires no other attention,
cept that she be kept in good growing
nditicn. A few days or even a week
f??re the expiration of her term, she
ght to he put up in a good sheltered
n, with a small quantity of short litter
make her bed with, and then my ppac:e
is to feed plentifully, not only with
lid food* ; such as corn or meal, moistled
with water, hut with such succulent
od as I can command at the time. This
ind to he a certain preventive of that
le and unnatural propensity, which
me sows have to devour their young.?
V P
hen treated in this manner, I have
ver known in any instance a sow to eat
| her pigs. The "after-birth" is always |
disposed of as nature prompts them?they I
eat it.
After farrowing, almost the only atten- j
tion for the first two or three weeks is to
the sow. The pigs during this time are
dependent entirely upon her for their
food. And here let me particularly impress
it upon all breeders to he verg sparing
of food for several days after *hring-1
ing forth. The creatnre now, as all
other creatures in a similar condition, is
in a feverish state, and a plentiful supply
of food, especially of an exciting nature
would but increase the difficulty. Let
her be kept on strictly a short allow,
ance, until by ncr clamour and impnrtu.
nitv, she manifests herself to be very
hungry, and then you may gradually
venture upon more plentiful supplies.?
After the first week, there is commonly
no risk in giving her as much food as she
will eat quick and with a good appetite.
But hy all means, avoid satiety, and upon
the first indication of loathing the food,
take the whole awav, and let the next
supply be proportionately moderate.
At from two to three weeks old, the
pigs will commonly manifest a disposition
to begin to cat. This ought by all means
fnr liv if. vnii relieve I
m lie eiieuuKigvut iv. "j j ? . _
the sow, and in addition to this promote
the more rapid growth of the pigs. To
effect this I have tried two plans; the
first was to place food (sour milk mixed
with meal is very good) on the outside of
the pen, to which the pigs have access,
by means of a hole made for that purpose;
or, secondly, keep the pigs constantly shut
up, and when y3U wish to feed them turn
the sow out, for she will not let the pigs
eat with her. The first plan I have tried
! and found this objection.to it, that the
stronger pigs w:>uld drive away the weaker,
and thus my purpose was in part frustrated.
The latter I am now trying, and
thus far, though a little more troublesome,
1 am pleased with it, but the experiment
has not proceeded far enough for me to
speak in confidence about it.
f ought to have remarked earlier, that
if after farrowing, your yonng sow
brought forth more than Jive pigs, the
smaller and more feeble ought to be
taken from her, so as to reduce them
down to that number. Four or five thrif. ,
ty and well grown pigs will be worth more (
at two months e ld, than t.*.n poor meagre ;
ones. And then again at weaning, ,
which takes place at six or eight weeks | <
old, if there be a poor and unpromising <
pig, (and this in often the case,) I mark i
him, and he is destined to leave the herd, i
To effect this, I have three resources, in i
one or the othei of which I have always I
succeeded. The first is to sell him 1
for what I can get, or if I fail in this, then *
to kill and eat him; or if he is too poor '
for this, then to give him way, and in
the latter I have never yet failed. I have (
already remarked, that five pigs is the
extreme number that ought to be left with *
a young sow. f will further remark, that ,
no sow, however large, ought to have |
more than seven. ,
At the time of weaning, or even ear- i
lier, would be better,'the males are castra t
ted, and when this operation is peform- 1
ed very early, tae wound! soon heals, and '
the pigs appear to suffer almost nothing 1
from it The mows w.th me are never '
spayed nor shotted. As a substitute for '
this very disagreeable and even barha.
rous process, I endeavor to make the pigs .
quite fat at as early an age us possible, ,
and when f succeed in this, they very j
rarely show any inclination for the boar. (
If, however, thi j inclination should manifest
itself, I indulge them ahout two I
months before fhc time of slaughtering ; I
and I find that She young open sow treated
in this way, makes just as good meal <
as the slaved or the barrow. 1
?
YVeaniag is effected by shutting up
the pigs in their pen for aliout a week or ^
I ten days, in which time the sow's milk (
dries up, and there is commonly no more (
dilliculiy about it. The pigs ought now .
to he turned ou!, and suffered to go pret- |
j ty well at large, for neither the pig, nor <
1 any other young animal, will thrive much I
I in a stale of constant confinement.? I
This liberty is allowed them, until they ?
become so large as to be inischevious: 1
i they are then confined closely to their 1
I pen, except that they are allowed the use '
I of the lane belonging to the piggery, '
: for occasional exercise. And this con!
tinui.s to he the case till they are sold or
slaughtered.
If I
i ought, perhaps, before concluding, to
say something relative to the dLieases of |
!i< g>. But really I have had so little ex- j
perience on this subject, that I leel v *ry | j
| gicat diffidence in entering upon it. Till
I recently, I never knew what it wan to
! have any sickness among my hogs, but l
lately they have heen visited with a very 1
fatal malady. It is not my intention to
give a description of this dreadlul disease.
They who are curious on this subject,
' will find it very accurately described in
the last numlrer of (he Farmers' Register
page 054. This disease among my hogs,
i consider as a jucginent justly deserved
for my carelessness. Sometime ago, j
was in the habit of keeping ashes mixed
with charcoal constantly in my hog pens
and as long as I ciid this, my hogs were
perfectly free fro it disease. But for six
months or more I have neglected it, and
the consequence was, that this fatal disease
made its appearance among them.
After trying various remedies, all of
which turned out ineffectual, I at last
resorted to ashes and charcoal, and this
is the only thing which has made the
least impression upon it. My hogs are
not yet well,* hut are evidently concedescent,
as physicians say.
And now, sir, in summing up the whole,
you wiligierceive that I lay great stress
upon the following particulars :
A good thrifty breed of hogs, coming
early to maturity.
Good nnd comfortable accomdations for
them. *
The number of hog9 kept, graduated
by the amount of food which yau have for
them, so that they may always have an
abundance.
The number of pigs allowed to a sow,
restricted so as never, under any circum.
stances, to exceed seven, and generally i
below it. i
Getting rid, on some terms or other,
of nil unpromising pigs, so that none
hut the likely ard thrifty are kept for !
store hogs. 1
Pushing the pigs when young, so as to
get them fat early, and then it will not be
difficult to keep them so. .
"And last though not least," the food ,
to he given at regular stated times. (
If you can make up your mind to at. ,
tend to all these particulars with steadi. j
ness and perseverance, you will have, or |
I greatly mistake, success in rearing the i
hog. And now wishing you and your j
readers all possible prosperity. Iam&c. '
J. H. TURNER. <
From the Temperance Advocate. 1
REPORT 1
Of the Committee of the Barnwell Agri- !
cultural Society, on the Culture of Cot 1
ion.?Read at their Annual Meeting
on 11 th November, 1840. '
In reporting on the cultivation of Cot. <
ton, the great difficulty with the Com- '
mi t tee, has been, to determine what topics <
to exclude, so as to be as brief, as is re. '
]uisite for the occasion. To discuss, at I
}arge, the different qualities of soil, best I
idapted to this plant, the various methods <
^preparing the land and planting, the
working, gathering, and preparing for i
market, the making and applying mnnu. *
es, the rotation of crops, raising stock, and <
management of negroes all of which might 1
ye embraced, us intimately connected 1
with the subject, might be more fatiguing 1
than improving. The Committee prefer j
to touch only here and there, upon these '
topics, and at the risk of appearing some. 1
what desultory and unconnected, will re- '
frairi from a full and systematic invesfci- j
ation. 1
It must be premised, that there are two
yery different plans of applying labour |
to the culture of Cotton, both of which <
ire followed successfully, us is supposed, I
in our District- These may be called the
upper and lower country systems, from
the sections in which they originated, and
ire in general use. The one goes upon
the principle of economizing labor, by applying
animal power, and developing the
Full resouces of the soil: and where provisions
are easily made, and land abundant,
it has been found to work well.?
The other dispenses as much as possible,
with animarpower economizes in provisions
and husbands for a future generation
the vigor of the soil?or aims to do It.?
Both include manuring, as much as can
be clone conveniently, but more is probably
done, by planters who adopt the latter.
That more cotton is made by the
up country plan, experience has demonstrated
beyond question, in both sections;
whether it is made inore cheaply, and
[what is most important,) brings more
dear money to the pocket of the planter,
depends so much upon the particular cir:uinstances
of each individual proprietor I
?!..? /.Umf>ii.r on,! pvfpnt of his land? I
? llic tuaiiivivi ? -
he adaptation of tlio climate to provision
irops?the numher and training of his* I at)ourers<?and
his own tastes and habits,
lhat it is almost impossible for any gcneril
rule to be laid Jown. One of your
Committee has used and discontinued the
ower country system, the oilier has
lone the same with the up country one.
Perhaps it is worth the while of every individual,
to make the same experiment
>nce in his life, and we recommend it
Dart culnrly to all unsuccessful under their
present system, whichever it may.
Your Committee agree, that with any
kind of culture the mulatto pine land, (as
it is commonly called.) with a clay bottom,
- - -- f c ;
is the best ill our section or country, lur i
Cotton, or perhaps any tiling else. The i
Indians even, seemed to have agreed on i
this; for most of the Indian old fields, are I
of this kind of land. It has heen lately i
analyzed by Professor Shepard, at the re- I
quest of the Agricultural Society of St.
John's Colleton, and found to contain a |
large comparative proportion of carbonate 1
of lime, from which no douhf, its fertility |
in a great measure results. I no clay bottom
to this, ami all other land, is certain- <
ly an advantage, to assist in preserving
the salts of manure, nnd to keep up in or.
dinary seasons, n duo degree of mois.
ture. In very wet one**, such as this,
however, it retains too much for the light
soil above, and very dry ones, such as the
last, it seems to arrest the moisture which
might otherwise arise from the depth of
the earth. This land and any land, is
better Tor Cotton, where a little undulating.
The sun?the great chemical
agent in vegetation, has then more effect
turn on it.
The ground cannot be too well prepared
for cotton. If it has rested one year, it
should be hroken fiesh, as early in the
prevous fall as possible, and bedded just
before planting. If it has rested two
years, or been planted the proceeding year
iet it be listed, as early as it can be done
and two furrows thrown upon the list.?
Immdiately upon planting, let two more
furrows be thrown up, nnd the bulk hro.
ken up completely. The common mothod
of running three furrows, and planting
on it, throws the winter's portion of the
crop-work upon the labourer, during crop
time, and is inexcusable, unless heavy
clearing are absolutely required. The
reason fornotlisting after one year's rest,
is, that the vegetable matter will be too
abundant, and too coarse to form a substrato
recieve the tap root.
Cotton should be planted early. It
may increase the difficulty of getting a
stand, and give the plant for a long time,
a puny appearance, but every stalk of cotton,
planted in March, or the first week
in April, that survives may be readily distinguised
in any field that has been replanted
later. It bears more, and earlier, and
stands all the vicissitude of June, July,
find August better. There are are severfiI
methods of planting. Your Committee
recommend planting in spots, regularly
measured by the hand dibble. It is
somewhat tedious though less so than
/
generally supposed, and certainly does
not take as much time as both to drill
find chop out, nor is time so valuable at
thnt period, while a better and more regular
stand may be secured. There-is no
land, or but.little, in which cotton rows
?hou!d be over three feet apart, or the
Cotton further than 14 inches in the drill
?one plant in a place. To make a large
crop, there must be an abundant supply
of stalks. When the weather is too wet
to plant, time may he often saved, by
dropping the seed, but not covering until
the ground is dry. If, however, it cannot
be covered in three or four days, it is time
lost, for it must he re-planted. Always
sover lightly, under any circumstances.
Aand always plant on something of a bed
in any land. It keeps the cotton dryer
md affords more air when it is voung. It
jnables you to get at it in working. By
increasing the surface, it absorbs more
moisture, if it is too dry; and gives out
more if it is too wet, and in both cases
?ives you the advantage of a vertical sun,
m ihe taproot, which hastens the maturily
of the bolls?a vast desideratum in our
;liinate. On this account, the bed can
bardly be drawn too high at the last hoeing,
in any season.
In cultivating cotton, whether with the
ulough or hoe, the chief object is to keep
down the grass, which is its greatest antagonist,
bringing all, or almost all other
svils in its train. It is not so essential,
in the opinion of your Committee, to keep
the ground stirred, as is generally supoosed,
and by no means requisite to stir
If flo?rv?nl nl! nnt in nnr liaht
It UV* f % w ? % M -WT ... ?... ... .
mil. If it be well prepared, deep plough, j
ing is not only unnecessary for any of our
crops, but often highly injurious to them,
while it rapidly exhausts the land, by
turning it up fresh, under a burning sun.
Much unnecessary pains is usually taker?, !
ind time lost, to work the plant in a par- !
icular way, under the supposition that it |
s u peculiarly delicate one. Ifrt sur*
/ivea its infancy, few plants are harrfier. j
[t is often found to reach maturity in the ;
illeys, where the mules walk, with the j
doughs following and the laborer tramps j
backwards and forwards. Sometimes it j
will bear fruit, in turn.rows used Irejuently
for wagons, while it really seems j
o derive benefit from being bitten down .
llinost to the ground, by animals?it will !
>ear almost any usage, better than it will 1
hat mortal enemy?grass. The most j
critical operation in working cotton, is
binning. It should he done with great
care, and if early, with the hand. In a
iry year, it cannot be done too soon alter
;he plant is up. In a wet one, it may be
profitably delayed, until it has began to
'orin, or later even. On the experience,
pbservation and judgment of the planter, in
.his matter, every thing depends, as each
/ear brings its own rules with it. Where
circumstances are favorable, early thinning
is of course the best. Some'plant?rs
always top their cotton. Others nevlt
do. Your, committee arc of opinion,
that it seldom or never does harm, to do
*g. But whether it is worth the trouble,
is a doubtful question. Ti*>se who have
no clearings, or other important employinent
fdr their hands, would lose nothing,
by devoting tnree or four davs to this ope. I
ration, early in August. Tiio.->e picscrt^U
lor tunc, might gain hy omitting it. , v
Too much pains cannot he taken, in
preparing cotton for market, for rtht y are
ill well remunerated hy the HiKiiiionul
price. The first thifig to ho attended to,
is to hav;e it gathered free of trash. With
a iiltlo care, wonders can be effected in
tills way; aai hands witli a short traioirg,
4 # *
'
will pick almost if not quite as much,,
without trash as with it. It should nev.
er bo gathered when wet. And here k
may not be out of place to remark, that
one of the very hest sanilory rules of a
! plantation is, never before frost, to send
out your hands to pick, until the dew haa
nearly, or quite disappeared. It saves
time in the long run, as well as health
and life. Cotton should never be ginned,
until the seed are so dry, as to crack between
the teeth. If dam?, it is preferable *
to dry it in the shade, as the sun extract#
the oil and injures the staple. If, by aocident,
however, it gets wet, there is ntr
alternative but to put it on the scaffold*
It is of great importance, to aort the cot*
ton carefully, into its several qualifies, in
ginning and packing, forby mixing aitf
kinds together, the average of the price,
is certainly lowered. A few old hands,
or verv young ones, breeding women^*
sucklers, and invalids, will earn excellent
wage* in a gin house, at this oc^pafioh.
Neat packing is of no small importance,
in the sale of cotton, and no little taste
may be displayed in making the parkages.
The advantage of square Hags, is
universally known, and the Committee i#
astonished that any other should ever be
made now. <r
Rvery kind of manure is valuable for
cotton. Every kind of compost, green
crops turned in, cotton seed, and even
naked leaves listed, and left to rot, im.
proves this crop. When planted on cotton
seed, and sometimes on strong stable
manure,, it is more difficult to retain a
stand, owing probably to the over stimulus
of these manures. So on leaves, unless
well rotted, the cotton will long continue
to die, in consequence of the leave*
decaying away, and exposing the root too
much to sun and rain. These difficulties
may be avoided, by a little pains, and
bv no means justify the opinion enter*
tained by some, that cotton should never'
be planted on fresh manured land. The
only question is, the cost of the manure,A
great deal may he made on every plantation,
without much trouble or expense,
by keeping the stables and stable yard,?
hog and cow pens, well supplied with
ieuves and straw. And also from penaof
corn cobs, sweepings from negro and
*Aa an/I f Uo runlf Mwifl
iuwi ihmiciv mm ?nv ihmiw
that spring up about them, collected together
and left to rot, * Whenever the
[ business is carried further, and a regular
force detached to make manure, at alt
seasons, and entirely left not from thtf
crop, it becomes the owner, to enter into
a close calculation of the cost and profits.
In many agricultural operations, such a
course, the experience of all countries
has proved to he profitable, hut these ope.
rations partake more of the farming ancT
gardening than planting character, and
whether the same method will do for tho
extensive planting of short staple cotton
remains, in the opinion of your committee,
yet to he tested. If any thing lik*
an average of past prices, can be maintained,
and continued wi'h us on the
same scale as heretofore, it is certain that
more can be made by planting largely,
by making manure as a crop. If, however,
prices, continue to tall, and ther
growing of cotlon be confined to a few
jich spots?those susceptible of high manuring?then
our whole system inust bw
changed, our crops must be curtailed*and
staple labor bring its past value, the
comparative profit of a cotton and mam.re*
crop, will preponderate in favor of the latter.
As a substitote for manuring on *scale,
resting and rotation of crops is reaor-ted
to. In our light level land, the practice
of resting cannot be too highly ro?r
commended, and by a judicious course?'
such as resting two, and planting twev pf
at most three years, our lands may not en'
ly be kept up forever, but absolutely
proved. From rotation of crops, fori little
advantage is gained for cotton.
Alter small .grain, whether from the*
exhausting nature of the crop, on light
lands, or because the stubble iteepe the'
ground always rotrgfc and, cotton will net
do well. Alter oorn, it is difficult to tend,as
from our uyual manner of cultivating; '
corn, grass is always left in full possession
oi the field. It does best after cot*
(on; or ufter a two years' rest. Rest i*
the grand restorer, and the rotation chtefly
required in the cultivation of cottonit
may not be out of place, to state
here, that in the opinion of your Com.
mittee, no other kind of labor can be pro
fitably empioyeti in the culture of Cotton*^ >J
than slave labor. The expense ef ' )
chinery and carrying to market, renders it
unprofitable, with but oneortwoJaborerg,
which are ail that one frcOTQjrnily can in
geucral supply, while it is aiiuoet iinposstoic,
to carry on the steady and unvaried
operations of a cotton plantation, with
such hirelings as can he obtained hereIn
irrijjju! Ii: a )iin<ujaifir nmal fi r iKomin
II II 1 VHIOVIViV MVVV^WI IIIUOV HA IIIWIU 1
iliein in the occupation. Whether that
necessity he the open and legalized slavery
of this country, or the equally in.,
perative exigency which forces the Irish
peasant, and the Indian Rye','to tabor
r without ceasing, as the solo# condition of
existence, makes hut little different*, ft
is said that free labor, by which, no doubt
is meant such labor us this latter, i* the
cheapest.
It w?ujd seem, whore the labor of an
able bodied man can hp commanded at '
any moment, for, a pittance that
aUtSced .0 soul and body together#;' f
r - ? * .10. '
' . *