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VOLUME VII CHERAW. SOUTH-CAROLINA, WEDNESDAY, DECEMBER 8, 1841. NUMBER 4.
?i????
By M. MAC LEAH.
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mmSSSSS^m!V^mm JHBMFPgMgW
TEMPERANCE.
From the National Intelligencer.
TEMPERANCE MOVEMENTS IN THIS CITY.
We have? had the pleasure of attending
several interesting meetings within the
last two weeks, in this city, where excelle
nt addresses were delivered in favor of
tho Temperance cause. At one of, these
meetings it was gratifying to observe the
seal and good feeling which were evinced
by the juvenile part of the community.
. It is to be hoped that the young will be
encouraged to persevere in their laudable
attempts to bring within the pale and
* influence of their association as many
, young men, apprentices, and minors, as
bave had an opportunity of witnessing the
Messed effects of the Temperance cause
in our community, or of noticing the
ba{>pv^nd wonderful changes which have
bairn wrought in particular individuals,
? ..... __j
by means of the Total Abstinence ana
Temperaace Societies. It is to be hoped
that the clergy, and those who are accustomed
to public speaking, will strive to
keep 'the ball in motion hy their persuasive
eloquence and their powerful appeals
to the sober senses and sensibilities of
the community. It is to be hoped that
many thousands more unhappy victims
* of intemperance may be saved from the
yawning gulf of perdition by the emissaries
of Total Abstinence.
It has fallen to our lot, within the last
week, to notice some remarkable instances
of the biassed effects of the Total Abstincnce
system upon individuals who were
known in this community, hot more than
a vcar ago, as wretched outcasts in society,
habitual drunkards, and miserable inmates
of our city prisons.
To ope of these instances we cannot
help adverting and calling the attention
of those persons more especially (if such
there he in our community) who still doubt
it e efficacy and reformingqualitiea of the
Total Abstinence system. What we are
about to relate came within our official
notice; and we honestly confess that it
fhaa made a very deep impression upon
our minds in favor of the Temperance
if 'Cause.
One morning in the early part of last
"week, a police magistrate in one of the
f largest and most populous wards of this
city was visited at his private dwelling
thy a police constable and another person,
who said they had called for the purpose
of procuring the release of a man who
had been committed as a vagrant and
disorderly person a few nights previous,
iy. The person accompanying the offi.
cer remarked to the magistrate that the
poor fellow in confinement had seen his
' ? -.1.J..O/I it anrl W.1? nnil'
error ana acKntiwinw^cu ?..u ..?
fully resolved to leave off drinking ini
toxicating liquors, which had brought
him into his present difficulty, and which,
I in time past, had caused him so much
sorrow, misery, and shame. On the
.^fllagistaUa intimat'ng to the person thus
-pleading for the prisoner that security
would be required for his good behavior,
and that some costs had already accrued,
the kind-hearted fellow declared that, although
he was a poor man himself, he
was able and would willingly become the
security and pay all the costs, for he had
full confidence in the prisoner's assurances
of amendment, inasmuch as he had promised
to take the pledge of Total Absti
nence, and teas anxious to join the society
of those who had abjured the use of all intoxicating
drinks. 44 Do you think," said
the magistrate, 44 the prisoner will abide
by his pledge after he has taken it ?" 44/
do, sir" said the man emphatically ; 4,and
I am determined to release hiin and stand
by him until he becomes a totally changed
man. I feel confident that he will not
deceive roe; and, if he does, why, then
I shall have the satisfaction of knowing
and feeling thpt I have done my best to
reclaim from beastly intoxication one who
p is a good workman and a good fellow
whenever he is sober and in his right
senses." Struck with silent admiration
at the speaker's disinterested friendship,
Christian philanthropy, and noble sentiments,
the magistrate paused for a few
moments, and 'hen said he would accompany
the generous man to the prison,
and th^ro make out the piisoner's release.
On their way, the person accompanying
the magistrate, looking him earnestly
in the face, exclaimed : 141 perceive, sir,
you Ho not know me; indeed, I do not
wonder at it, for I am certainly an altered
man since you committed and properly
committed, me to the wotkhouse as a
iirunkard ajid street brawler." Here the
speaker mentioned his name, and the j J
magistrate then, and not till then, recog- c
nised before him a man well dressed from e
head to foot, clean, healthy looking, and
altogether, in appearance, "a new crea- t
ture" and "an altered man." "Sir," con- j
tinned the speaker, "all this blessed change f
is owing to mv having taken and kept the f
pledge of Total Abstinence. You know,
sir, when you committed me to the workhouse,
I had neither money, nor friends .
to go my security, I was then in rags \ 1
and misery. Now, since I have left off f
drinking, I have good clothes, money 1
enough, and plenty of friends withal to c
provide me with work and all that is ne- *
cessarv to make me respectable and com- f
P ._LI_ ?_ rr~ ,Ur. nrwtv follnw'M faeiinffs e
rwiitiiit?* imc .. w ? n
were evidently touched, still he added, in j
a subdued tone, " How can I, who owe P
so much to the cause of Total Abstinence, x
refuse to help a brother in distress, when j
I see a fair chance of making him as r
comfortable and happy as myself?" Here, %
indeed, were faith, hope and charity j
all united in the person and grateful heart
of one who, to use his own emphatic and
feeling language, had become totally
changed by his "having taken and kept 8
the pledge of Total Abstinence." What
a;i excellent example! What strong en- P
couragement is hereby afforded to all the t
remaining inebriates in our community to t
"go and do likewise." t
The Temperance Meeting held last t
Tuesday evening at Wesley Chapel in e
this city was, as we understand, of a fj
highly interesting character, it being com- v
posed of friends of the Temperance cause t
of various denominations, who cordially ^
united on common ground to promote the ^
great objects of the Association. The
meeting was most eloquently and effect- u
?ve!y addressed by the Rev. Mr. String- *
fellow, who met and answered the most e
plausible objections which have been a
urged against Temperance Associations. s
The address of the reverend gentleman c
is spoken of in the highest terms by those ti
who had the pleasure of hearing it. Be- tl
1 ' umpo I
sides the reverend speaaer, mcio ??w.~ ^ k
present the following clergymen: Rev. ^
Messrs. Tuston, Robb and Davis, D. s
Howard, President of the Society, and
Mr. Zevelv, the Secretary,acted ofliccial- jj
ly at this interesting meeting. .
&&&?&&&&&&&& u
. ? ? (i
PRESERVING BACON FROM SKIPPERS.
It is said that a piece of brimstone the '
size of a ch<nqupen or small chesnut thrown n
into the fire once a day while smoking bacon, ?
will effectually prevent skippers and bugs from v>
getting into it, without imparting any uncom- 0
mon or disagreeable taste to the meat. p
From the Southern Planter, ^
'i
Dear Sir:?This paper will be devoted
to what I consider the best mode of treat?*
s
ing the hog. And in the otfset, I he- ^
speak the patience of your readers, for to (
do any thing like justice to the subject! 1 ^
must necessarily he somewhat particu- ,
lar.
i si
We will suppose then that you have
the proper accommodation for your hogs,
such as have been described, or something
similar to them ; and that in addi.
.11
tion to this, you have a hoar of the improved
breed, (the common hog, with hut
few, if any exceptions, is of very little 1
value,) and that he has been kept constantly
apart from your sows. This is a
matter of great consequence for if he be !
unrestrained, he will either stray away, 1
so that you will lose him, or he will have *
interecuse with the sows at improper pe- *
riods of the year, or what is still worse, r
he will set them to breeding when they ^
are too young for the purpose. And here u
I will remark, that the best time for the r
sows to have their pigs is about the first
of March or first of September, oouso.
quently the proper time for thein to go "
to hoar is ahout the 10th of November or a
10th of May, for it is well known that the i e
usual time of gestation with this animal i u
is just about sixteen weeks. We will
suppose, further, that you have a likely 1
11 * - n>nnt Iio t
wen grown SOW, leil Ul IWCI?C muuina
old, (younger than this will bo too early) L
and that at one or the other periods indi- 1
cated above, she manifests an inclination 1
for the boar. She may now be indulged, 1
and if she stands quietly during the *
whole operation, one coitus will ordi- 1
narily be found sufficient. Indeed, I
consider one as preferable to a dozen or '
more. The boar is then to he returned '
to his pen, and the sow is to be put into I
another, and there kept apart from ail 1
other hogs, until she is entirely out of heat I
After this she may be turned out, and '
commonly requires no other attention, !
except that she be kept in good growing
condition. A few days or even a week 2
before the expiration of her term, she '
ought to be put up in a good sheltered I
pen, with a small quantity of short litter i
rnnNn ka. tuifh nrwl thpit Ji7V l>rac- '
IU IllltlVU lici Iiru Hill.I ikiu |
tice is to feed plentifully, nut only with
solid foocT; such as corn or meal, moistened
with water, hut with such succulent
food as I can command at the lime. This i
I find to he a certain preventive of that
vile and unnatural propensity, which j
some sows have to devour their young.? j
When treated in this manner, I have j
, never known in any instance a sow to eat j
lerpigs. The "after-birth" is alwavf
iisposed of a9 nature prompts them?the)
?at it.
After farrowing, almost the only atten
ion for the first two or three weeks is tc
he sow. The pigs during this time arc
lependent entirely upon her for theii
bod. And here let me particularly im
>ress it upon all breeders to be verg spaing
of food for several days after firing
ng forth. The creatnre now, as al
ither creatures in a similar condition, if
n a feverish state, and a plentiful suppl)
if food, especially of an exciting nature
vould but increase the difficulty. Lei
ter be kept on strictly a short allow,
inee, until by her clamour and importu
litv, she manifests herself to be ver\
mngry, and then you may gradually
'enture upon more plentiful supplies.?
Mer the first week, there is commonl)
10 risk in giving her as much food as shf
vill eat^utc&and with a good appetite,
Jut hy all means, avoid satiety, and upor
he first indication of loathing the food,
ake the whole awav, and let the nexl
upply be proportionately moderate.
At from two to three weeks old, the
ligs will commonly manifest a disposition
o begin to eat. This ought by all means
o be encouraged, for hy it, you relieve
he sow, and in addition to this promote
he more rapid growth of the pigs. Tc
fleet this I have tried two plans; the
irst was to place food (sour milk mixed
rith meal is very good) on the outside ol
he pen, to which the pigs have access
y means of a hole made for that purpose;
r, secondly, keep the pigs constantly shul
ip, and when you wish to feed them turn
he sow out, for she will not let the pigs
at with her. The first plan I have tried
nd found this objection.to it, that the
frongcr pigs would drive away the weakr,
and thus my purpose was in part frus.
rated. The latter I am now trying, and
lius far, though a little more troublesome,
am pleased with it, but the experiment
as not proceeded far enough for me tc
peak in confidence about it.
T ought to have remarked earlier, thai
f after farrowing, your yonng sow
rought forth more than Jive pigs, the
mailer and more feeble ought to be
iken from her, so as to reduce them
own to that number. Four or five thrif.
/ and well grown pigs will he worth more
t two months old, than L*.n poor meagre
nes. And then again at weaning,
'hich takes place at six or eight weeks
Id, if there be a poor and unpromising
ig. (and this is often the case,) 1 mark
im, and he is destined to leave the herd.
\> effect this, I have three resources, in
neorthe other of winch I have always
uccecded. The first is to sell him
or what I can get, or if I fail in this, then
o ki/1 and eat him ; or if he is too poor
or this, then to give him way, and in
i? r Kniro nnvpr v*?t failed. I have
lie IUIVCI A IIUIV uv<v. J
Iready remarked, that five pigs is the
xtreme number that ought to be left with
young sow. I will further remark, thai
o sow, however large, ought to have
lore than seven.
At the time of weaning, or even ear
er, would be better,'the males are castra
ml, und when this operation is peformd
very early, the wound soon heals, anc
he pigs appear to suffer almost nothing
ruin it The sows w.th me ure nevei
payed nor shotted. As a substitute for
his very disagreeable and even barba.
ous process, I endeavor to make the pigs
uile fat at as early an age us possible,
nd when I succeed in this, they verj
arely show any inclination for the boar
f, however, this inclination should mani
ust itself, I indulge them about lw<
uonths before the time of slaughtering
nd I find that the young open sow treat
-I I- il,:? m-iv innL-oa illiit US wood niCd
LI III VIIIij nu j y niMitww ^
is the spayed or the harrow.
Weaniag is effected by Abutting uj
he pigs in their pen for ahout a week 01
en days, in which tune the sow's mill
Iries up, and there is commonly no mon
litlicuhy about it. The pigs ought now
o he turned out, and suffered to go pret
y well ut large, for neither the pig, no;
my other young animal, will thrive muci
n a state of constant confinement.?
This liberty is allowed them, until the\
>ecome so large as to be tnischevious
hey are then confined closely to thei
)en, except that they are allowed the us<
jf the lane belonging to the piggery
or occasional exercise. And this con
linues to he the case till they are sold o
slaughtered.
I ought, perhaps, before concluding, t<
jay something relative to the diseases o
In gs. But really I have had so little ex
mi this suhiect. that I leel v -r
r-* ?j - - :
gicat diffidence ill entering upon it. Ti
recently, I never knew what it was t
have any sickness among my hogs, bu
lately they have been visited with a ver
fatal malady. It is not my intention t
give a description of this dreadlul disease
They who are curious on this subjec
will find it very accurately described i
the last numl>er of the Farmers' Regist*
page 554. This disease among my hog
consider as a jucgment justly deserve
i for my carelessness. Sometime ago
r was in the habit of keeping ashes mi?
with charcoal constantly in mv hog p?
. and as long as I did this, my hogs wi
> perfectly free from disease. But for i
s | months or more I have neglected it, a
r the consequence was, that this fatal d
. ease made its appearance among the
. After trying various remedies, all
. I which turned out ineffectual, I at I
I resorted to ashes and charcoal, and t
j is the only thing which has made t
r least impression upon it. My hogs j
? not yet well,* hut are evidently conval
I cant, as physicians say.
And now, sir, in summing up the whe
. vou willqterceive that I lay great str
r upon the following particulars :
A good thrifty breed of hogs, comi
early to maturity.
Good nnd comfortable accomdations
? them. *
The number of hogs kept, gradual
i by the amount of food which yau have
, them, so that they may always have
: abundance.
The number of pigs allowed to a sc
) restricted so as never, under any circu
i nnp?. tn nxrpfifi raven, and genera
, , c.
i below it.
? Getting rid, on Rome terms or oth
t of nil unpromising pigs, so that nr
> but the likely and thrifty are kept
! store hogs.
I Pushing the pigs when young, so as
F get them fat early, and then it will not
, difficult to keep them so.
"And last though not least," the fc
t to be given at regular stated times,
i If you can make up your mind to
i tend to all these particulars with stea
I ness and perseverance, you will have,
' I greatly mistake, success in rearing
hog. And now wishing you and y<
readers all possible prosperity. I am <5
I J. H. TURNER,
> ????????
From the Temperance Advocate.
, REPORT
Of the Committee of the Barnwell A/j
cultural Society, on the Culture of C
ton.?Read at their Annual Meet\
on 11 ih November, 1840.
In reporting on the cultivation of C
ton, the great difficulty with the Co
mittee, has been, todetermine what top
to exclude, sons to he as brief, as is
quisite for the occasion. To discuss,
large, the different qualities of soil, b
> adapted to this plant, the various me tin
' ofTpreparing the land and planting, I
; working, gathering, and preparing
market, the making and applying mm
res, the rotation of crops, raising stock, a
i management of negroes all of which mi<
, h'e embraced, as intimately connec
, with the subject, might be more fatigui
! than improving. The Committee pre
1 ' -I nnofi t k
. to touch omy nere nnu mc IC| U|/\lll lit
topic*, and at the risk of appearing sor
what desultory nnd unconnected, will
I *
frain from a full and systematic inve
gation.
It must be premised, that there are t
1 very different plans of applying lab<
1 to the culture of Cotton, both of wh
are followed successfully, as is suppos
. in our District* These may be called
. upper and lower country systems, fr
. the sections in which they originated, ?
| are in general use. The one goes U|
r the principle of economizing labor, by
! plying animal power, and developing
lull resouces of the soil: and where p
visions are easily made, and land ahi
dent, it has been found to work well
1 The other dispenses as much as possil
1 with Animal'power economizes in proi
ions and husbands for a future general
the vigor of the soil?or aims to do it
* Both include manuring, as much as <
) be done conveniently, but more is pro
; bly done, by planters who adopt the I
. ter. That more cotton is made by
t up country plan, experience has dem
st rated beyond question, in both seclio
} whether it is made more cheaply, a
?* t \ Kri n/ru nI
(What 14 most llitpmimi.,; ...
r clear money to the pocket of the plan
1 depends so much upon the particular i
' cumstances of each individual proprie
' ?the character and extent of his lain
- the adaptation of the climate to provis
r crops?the number and training of his
i bourers?and his own taMes and hab
- that it is almost impossible for any gcr
j al rule to be laid down. One of y
Committee has used and discontinued
r lower country system, the other I
n done the same with the up country g
Perhaps it is worth the while of every
' dividual, to make the same experirn
once in his life, and we recouioiem
r
part cularly to all unsuccessful under tl
present system, whichever it may.
} Your Committee agree, that with ?
' kind of culture the mulatto pine land,
* it is commonly called.) with a clay bolt
Y is the best in our section of country,
II Cotton, or perhaps any thing else. '
o Indians even, seemed to have agreed
it this; for most of the Indian old fields,
y of this kind ofland. It has been la
o analyzed by Professor Sliepard, at the
, | qut;?i in inn n^iitiiuniai ? ...
t I John's Colleton, and found to contai
n lartje comparative proportion of carboi
of lime, from which no douht, its fert
*r
in a jrreat measure results, toe clay
torn to this, and all other land, is cert
ly an advantage, to assist 111 preser
*
, | the salts of manure, and to keep up in or.
:od dinary seasons, a duo degree of mois.
?ns ture. In very wet one*, such as this,
3rn however, it retains too much for the light
3jx soil above, and very dry ones, such as the
mj last, it seems to arrest the moisture which
|js might otherwise arise from the depth of
m the earth. This land and anv land, is
' better for Cotton, where a little undulating.
The sun?the great chemical
agent in vegetation, has then more effect
,s turn on it.
he The ground cannot be too well prepared
ir#i for cotton. If it has rested one year, it
es- should he broken fiesh, as early in the
prevous fall as possible, and bedded just
>le, before planting. If it has rested two
ess vears, or been planted the proceeding year
let it he listed, as early as it can be done
and two furrows thrown upon the list.?
"ft
Immdiately upon planting, let two more
por furrows be thrown up, and the bulk bro.
ken up completely. The common moth,
. od of running three furrows, and planting
on it, throws the winter's portion of the
crop-work upon the labourer, during crop
an time, and is inexcusable, unless heavy
clearing are absolutely required. The
>w? reason for notlisting after one year's rest,
m- is, that the vegetable matter will he too
lly abundant, and too coarse to form a substrato
recieve the tap root,
er, Cotton should be planted early. It
,ne may increase the difficulty of getting a
for stand, and give the plant for a long time,
a puny appearanep, but every stalk of cotj0
ton, planted in March, or the first week
^ in April, that syrvives may be readily distinguised
in any field that has been replanted
later. It bears more, and earlier, and
stands all the vicissitude of June, July,
and August better. There are are severn|"
al-methods of planting. Your Commitdi
tee recommend planting in spots, regularor
|y measured by the hand dibble. It is
the somewhat tedious though less so than
mr generally supposed, and certainly does
rC. not take as much time as both to drill
and chop out, nor is time so valuable at
that period, while a better and more regular
stand may be secured. There-is no
land, or but.little, in which cotton rows
ri. should be over three feet apart, or the
!ot- Cotton further than 14 inches in the drill
lug ?one plant in a place. To make a large
crop, there must bo an abundact supply
ot- of stalks. When the weather is too wet
m- to plant, time may be often saved, by
ics dropping the seed, but not covering until
re- the ground is dry. If, however, it cannot
at be covered in three or fourdavs, it is time
est lost, for it must he re-planted. Always
cover liffhtlv. under any circumstances.
the Aand always plant on something of a bed
for in anv land. It keeps the cotton dryer
fiu. and affords more air when it is voung. It
md enables you to get at it in working. By
rht increasing the surface, it absorbs more
ted moisture, if it is too dry; and gives out
ng more if it is too wet, and in both cases
fer gives you the advantage of a vertical sun,
esc on ihe taproot, which hastens the maturine
ty of the bolls?a vast desideratum in our
re. climate. On this account, the bed can
stj. hardly be drawn too high at the last hoe*
ing, in any season,
wo In cultivating cotton, whether with the
our plough or hoe, the chief object is to keep
ich down the grass, which is its greatest an*
ed, tagonist, bringing all, or almost all other
the evils in its train. It is not so essential,
om in the opinion of your Committee, to keep
ind the ground stirred, as is generally sup>on
posed, and by no means requisite In stir
ap- it deep?at ail events, not in our light
the soil. If it he well prepared, deep plough?ro
ing is not only unnecessary for any of our
nn. rrnns. hut often highlv iniurious to them,
.? while it rapidly exhausts the land, by
de, turning it up fresh, under a burning sun.
/is. Much unnecessary pains is usually taken,
ion and lime lost, to work the plant in a par.?
ticular way, under the supposition tlrat it
:an is u peculiarly delicate one. Ifrt *urba
vivos its infancy, few plants are hardier,
lat. It is often found to reach maturity in the
the alleys, where the mules walk, witb the
un? ploughs following and the laborer tramps
ms; backwards and forwards. Sometimes it
tnd will bear fruit, in turn.rows used froore
quently for wagons, while it really seem*
ter, to derive benefit from being bitten down
L*ir. utmost to the ground, by animals?it will
tor bear almost any usage, bettor than it will
1? that mortal enemv?grass. The most
>ion critical operation in working cotton, is
fa- thinning. It should he done with great
its, care, and if early, with the hand. In e
ier- dry year, it cannot be done too soon altei
our the plant is up. In a wet one, it may be
the profitably delayed, until it has began t(
u..? i f.wrwi nr \xtr.r pvftn. On fh#? ft*iittfience
uas iwiim *-?v. w? w... w .. ...?
me. observation and judgment of the planter, it
in- this matter, every thing depends, as eaci
ent year brings its own rules with it. Whej-<
I it circumstances are favorable, early thin
lieir ning is of cour.se rhe best. Some'plant
ers always top their cotton. Others nev
inv er do. Your, committee are of opinion
(as that it seldom or never does harm, to d<
om, so. But whether it is worth the trouble
for is a doubtful question. Titose who havi
The no clearings, or other important employ
| on ment fdr their hands, would lose nothing
ar? by devoting three or four davs to this ope
leiv ration, early in August. Those piosaq
re- for time, might gain by omitting it.
St. Too much pains cannot be taken, ii
II a preparing cotton for m,1rkot, fo? they ar
late all well remunerated by the ^Udditioud
ility price. The iirst thilig to be attended 4c
hot- is to have it gathered free of trash. YYit
am- a little care, wonders carf be effected i
?ir?g this way; and hands with a short traiffir^
e *
I will pick almost if not quite as much*
without trash as with it. It should nev* *
er bo gathered when wet. And here k
may not be out of place to remark, that t
ono of the very best sanitory rules of a
plantation is, never before frost, to send
out your hands to pick, until the dew has
nearly, or quite disappeared. It saves
time in the long run, as well as health
and life. Cotton should never be ginned,
until the seed are so dry, as to crack between
the teeth. If damn, it is preferable' ** i
to dry it in the shade, as the sun extract#
the oil and injures the staple. If, by accident,
however, it gets wot, there is IW
alternative but to put it on the scaffold.
It is of great importance, to sort the cotton
carefully, into its several quali'ies, in
ginning and packing, forhiy mixing all
kinds together, the average of the price,
is certainly lowered. A few old hands,
or very young ones, breeding women*"
sticklers, and invalids, will earn excellent
wages in a gin house, at this oc<ypatioh*
Neat packing is of no small impcrtaoce,
? f k" ota I a nf pnUnn ond nA littlft taStO
Ill IIIC ijlliv wi ?*.? ....
may be displayed in making the park*
ages. The advantage of square bags, is
universally known, and the Committee is
astonished that any other should ever bar
made now.
Every kind of manure is valuable 'or
cotton. Every kind of compost,- green
crops turned in, cotton seed, and even
naked leavea listed, and left to rot, improves
this crop. When planted on cotton
seed, and sometimes on strong stable
manure,- it is more difficult to retain a
stand, owing probably to the over stimulus
of these manures. So on leaves, unless
well rotted, the cotton will long continue
to die, in consequence of the leareC
decaying away, and exposing the root too
much to sun and rain. These difficulties
may be avoided, by a little pains, and
by no means justify the opinion enterv
tained by some, that cotton should never'
be planted on fresh manured land. The
only question is, the cost of the manure.A
great deal may be made on every plantation,
without inuch trouble or expense,
by keeping the stables and stable yard,?
hog ancl cow pens, well supplied with
leaves and straw. And also from pens
of corn cobs, sweepings from negro and
fowl house yards, and the rank weeds
that spring up about them, collected together
and left to rot. 1 Whenever the
business is carried further, and a regular
force detached to make manure, at all
seasons, and entirely left out from the
crop, it becomes the owner, to enter into <
a close calculation of the cost and profits.
In many agricultural operations, such a
course, the experience of all countries7
has proved to he profitable, hut these ope.
rations partake more of the farming an<f
gardening than planting character, and
whether the same method will do for the
extensive planting of short staple cotton
remains, in the opinion of your committee,
yet to he tested. If any thing like
an average of past prices, can be roaio?
...
tamed, and continued wi*n us on mo
same scale as heretofore, it is certain that
more can be made by planting largely,
by making manure a* a crop. If, however,
prices, continue to tall, and ther
growing of cotton be confined to a few
iich spots?those susceptible of high manuring?then
our whole system inust bw
changed, our crops must be curtailed^
and staple labor bring its past value, the
comparative profit of a cotton and manure"
crop, will preponderate in favor of the latter.
As a substitute for manuring on m
scale, resting and rotation of crops rs resorted
to. In our light level land, the practice
of resting cannot be too highly rocommended,
and by a judicious course?'
such as resting two, and planting twos, pf
at most three years, our lands may not w
lv bo kept up forever, but absolutely improved.
From rotation of crops, bwf little
advantage is gained for cotton*
Alter small .grain, whether froflr the*
exhatwling nature of the crop, on light'
| lands, or because the stubbie keeps the'
A r*nirk *nrl rnlfrtTI will nflt
^rUUHU O I W n J O I VU0n UMVif ? www _
do well. Alter oorn, it is difficult to tend,
, as trom our usmal manner of cultivating '
corn, grass is always left in full possesI
sion oi the field. It does beat after cotI
(on; or after a two years' rest. Rest is
. I the grand restorer, and the rotation chief(
; ly reqwied in the cultivation of cottont
it may not be out of place, to state
, here, that in the opinion of your Coinr
inittee, no other kind of labor can be pro- '
5 fitably employed in the culture of Cuttory ?
> than slave labor. The expense cif ion*,, ' *
, I chinery and carrying t<? market, renders it
i i unprofitable, with but oneyr I wo laborers,.
r which are ail that one freOTgrnily can in k *
* general supply, while *t is almost iinpo*.
* stole, to carry on the steady aud unvaried
' operations of a cotton plantation, with, *
such hirelings as can be obtained here*. *
' An irresistible necessity must fix therein
litem in the occupation. Whether that;
' necessity be the openaud legalized sla-,
nf rl> , nrmnlri/ <?r fh? ( OHhIIv il/1
* V/I Jf VI 1111*9 V*'M ? J J ? - ?|?.??-J wmmm - ?
. perutive exigency which forces the Irish
. peasant, and the Indian Rye', lo tabor
j^r without ceasing, as the solo, couuiiion of
_ existence, makes hut little differeutS*,^ ft
i is said tiiat free labor, by which, no doubt
e a meant such labor as ibis latter, in the
il cheapest.
>? It wi4|id seem, where the labor of an
h able bodied man can hp commanded ut '
0 any moment, fur, a pittance that barely
>? auiSccS ;o i.v.p soul and body together#;
*' . hv