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there is not one smith in fifty who is not guilty of the error here exposed; and small errors are sometimes pro lur.tive of serious evils, especially, as we ail h .v.i Ju-uid, in the matter of a horse shoe. Jfvitrs, II. T. % _ BREEDING/ Many of our formers seetn to consider thatu is sufficient for them to purchase u good stock* and that the system of scientific hraefong is much too complicated for tliem. We assure them that they may continue the plan of importation until all their means are exhausted?uneir tock will continue to degenerate unices they learn to sustain and improve it hv : -j:- T.. iwslst them in judicious inwiii^ ?" effecting tins object we quite the follow, iug remarks from n work <?l Mr. Cliitu who was one of the most celebrated nniiloinifits and tiiituors Engkirul ever produced i "Although the form of domestic animals has been greatly improved hv selec. ting with care those possessed of the lu st shape (or breeding, yet the theory of improvement has not been so well im-V. stood, that rules could he laid down for directing the practice in ovcrv case ; and although the external form has been much studied and the proportions well ascertained, these are hut indications of int rnal structure,?the principles of improv ing it must, therefore, he founded on a knowledge of the structure and use of the internal parts; and of these, the lun^s are ut the first importance; it is on their size and soundness that the strength and health of the animal principally depend the |H?wrrnf converting food into nourirtlitiii'nl being in prooortion to their si/.-", an anuna! with largo lungs being capable of converting a g;ven rpmnti'v of fo >d info moro nourishment tl in one v. i:!? smaller lungs, and therefore having ;i greater aptitude to fatten. The form and size of the chest, hut * (Jeep client is not capaciou-, unit-;* it be proportionally broad. The pelvis is the envitv formed by ti e junction of the haunch-hones with the Ixme of the rump, and it i> essentail lh: t this cavity should lie large and capacious; itssize is indicated bv the width of the inland the breadth of the twis'?which is the junction ol the thigs?the bread.h * of the loins being always in proportion to that of the chest and pelvis. The head should he small; the lengtii of the neck in proportion to the height of the animal; the muscles and tendons bug-, the strength of the animal depending more on the muscles or tendons than on the hones; many animals with large hones are still weak, and those that are imperfectly nourished during their grown!:, have their bones often disproportionately large. A compact, round made hod\,a (1 e >, full chest, a broad loin, full flank n'id straight buck, a small head and clean ehnps, with fine tapering neck,limbs and hones not coarse and large, a soft but not t tick skin, with soft and fine hair, are amongst the chief marks of a goo I kiibi. i. i i %,ll lias neeu gt.-iicronv ?ii!)|jum .1, ? ?? the breed of animals is improved bv tS.ci largest males: this opinion has done considerable mischief, and probably would have done more, i( it had not been counteracted by the desire of selecting animals of the hest form and proportions which nre rarely to be met with in those of the largest size; experience has pro. ved that crossing has only succeeded. i:i an eminent deg ee, in those instances in which the females were larger than in the usual proportion of females to males, arid that it has generally failed when the males were disproportionately large. If a well formed large huek be put to small ewes, the lambs will not be so well shaped as their parent ; hut if a good small 1 ' - - I .L_ I I II im?*K i><: put m inr?*?rr ewes, ine mun?> >vm he of an improved form: the improve, niont depends on this principle, that iho power of the female to supply her'off spring with nourishment is in proport.ori An iter size and the power of i ourishirig herself from the exr.eilenee of her eonstitution. Toe .s?ze of the (cents is generally in proportion to that of the fern do parent, und, therefore, when she is disproportionately .small, the quantity oi' novrithnwnt is disproportionately small, and her olfspring has all the disproportions of n ?tarvei44 g : hut when the female, from her size and good constitution, is more adequate to the nourishment of a furs us ? i>?o)a 11.flj.m 1 wovaI r t li/i rrr.* wt I, Ill H IIIOK .^lllU MM Ulli 11 KP ^ I It v-ill be proportionate!) larger; the larger female has also a greater quantity of milk. ard her offspring is more abundantly supplied with nourishment after hirth. To produce llie most pofeclly formed animal, abundant nourishment ?s ::ce.cs. ?nr& from the earliest period of its exis. Hence, until its growth is complete. obtain animals with large lungs, framing is the most expeditious method, because well formed females may he selected from a variety of a large size, to he P put to a vre!l formed male that is rather smaller ; hy such a mode of crossing, the lungs vfid heart become larger in eo:ise. q ieioce of ap'cu'iaritv in the Circulation -of the foetus, which causes a larg?-r proportion of the idood, under such circion. stances, 1o t*e distributed to lite lungs .1 .... - - .1- . - ..CO.- ?. ...I .... t ... noau .10 outer pans 01 me nuuv? jihu <?s> mt j'lttpe and size of the chest depend upon tliiit of the lungs, hence arises the rem trkubly large chest, which is produced by crossing with females that are larger than the mules : hut this practice must lie limited, for it may he carried tos ich a a exloot that the hulk of the body might be fco di*!>rio>ofi;oiitti! tos:--' ol the limb , u> r.uaaasi.T'jerjje JL'XTM". . to prevent the animal from moving with sufficient facility, so that where activity is required, th.is practice must not he extended.so far in those which are intended for the food of man. The kind of animals selected for cross-breeding ought never to be of very dilffirent habits and sizes, for notwithstanding the confessed advantages derived from cross-breeding, yet, great or sudden changes are highly improper, that having ofien "been found injurious lo the health and character of the stock i the use of bucks of the pure Dishly or Ihtkewvil stock has, with several course docks of sheep, been attended w ith no sensible advantage, owing to this cause, the characters and habits of the breeds being so widely dissimilar.? Whenever, then, cross-breeding is at| tempted, care ought always to he taken I to do it gradually, and to rear the progeny in a proper manner; and when the matching is conducted progressively, and with due attention the diversity of habit in the animals, it succeeds well ; " - . .1 l. i ItlCCillfl >1 n L?*^lU<r? l<> oeglli "lauiMiir ui j CV Co * j first, and in process of time, as the Mood j of one family is diminished, that of the i other will he increased, till improvement tw the degree wish d for he attained hy ! gradual approx.mation. j "The great improvement of the breed , of horsr s in E gland arose from crossing | with those diminutive stallions, Ifarbs i and Arabians: and the introduction of j F'fiii.sh mares was the source ofiinprovc> ment in the larger breed of cart horses; | the form of the swine has also been great ly improved hy crossing with the small > Chinese hoar: Imt when it became the fashion in London to drive largo bay hori s< r in carriages, the farmers in Yorkshire t ~ I put their mares to much larger horses I than usual, and thus did infinite mischief | to their breed, hy producing a race of l srir-tli-cuested, long-legged, large-honed, j wni itiless animals; and a similar project I was adopted in Normandy, for the purnose of enlarging their breed of hordes, i* n n ' j by the use of the Holsten stallion, by j w inch the best breed of horses in France i would have hi en spoiled, had not the fur| mers discovered their mistake in time, hy observing the offspring much inferior in form, to that produced by their own i horses. i I * TREATMENT OK COWS. I A writer in the New England Farmer asserts that experience has satisfied him of the impropriety of high feeding before parturition. It leads, he says, to swollen ; hags and difticufy of labor. On the con; irarv, hy a more meagre diet for several weeks, those difficulties are avoided, ; whilst an equal quantity of milk can be produced by a generous after keep. Vi RLA>'CHOLY IvKSULT OF CUPIDITY. The Louisville Journal slates that two or three weeks ago three hundred foreign emigrants arrived at the f'alize below j New Orleans. The eity authorities hearI ing of |Ik ir arri'.al, arid anxious that they i should not fell victims to the yellow f<ivers, sent a deputation, warning them not to en'er the eity, and offering to furnish , therri with the means of subsistence until the pestilenee sh' uid subside. The esni( grafts thought thai it w s all a Yankee , lri'-k. " We are told,*' said they to the dt nutation. 44 that we ran make? three dollars a fisiv in New Orleans; if the authorities will uav us that, we will stay 1 wh?TC we are?if not, not." The poor ! fellows hastened to the city; and, at the [ last dates, it is said that not one of tlicni I was living.?_V. Y. Sen. The reportrrs of the Canadian papers at "licLcorls trial (savs me Aew lorn Express] scent to have hecn n good deal surprised to find the Yankees so quiet and orderly a people, and that the laws were actually administered with impartia itv. As ine trial proceeded they were forced to own the injustice of their preconceived opinions, and in their letters they makc.ii frank acknowledgment to that. The correspondent of the St. Catherine's Journal, writing '.vSiile the trial 1 O u as sid! go:ng on, snvs: ''Now. as to the jury, a more intelligent. upright, and honest set of men could not he selected within the li.nits of this continent. They are. to a man, religion-'. and men hers of the Temperance S6oi.?tv : this 1 knew, for they all occupy a room adjoining my own, at the Temperance !< use in this city. And further, in relation to the attending the trial, i have not seen as much confusion or disturbance. or anv indications of the like nature, as would cause annovancc to the most devout worshippers in any Christian i meeting <hnt I ever attended, and it is so very dim-rent from what I anticipated that I have no words to express mv adinrru'ion arid feelings upon the subject : ^ I J md I have no hesitation in declaring that I -i >< >t ?w Iliit'A t lot t a nw.l-o l ? o nil l??t_ I ijw liwt tiv.1 n ?\ iii.it (i iiiui r; iuu uitvt ? ?partial investigation, in a cause of life and death, was over held in any country." Too Montreal Courier says : "The noblo manner in which Mr. Ms. Leod's case was conducted by Mr. S:?e:i. eer has railed forth a general e.xprds-non of approbation, and it is felt that if t!i?: sentiments expressed by that gentleman are comon to many of Ins country nit there can be little danger of hostilities arising between the two countries. The ' orrespondent of the Herald, writing from Cti'-a, notices the generous warmth man>1 fi,,, i>?nncal o nit int'oro fV/im it ! ? HKi I UUIIOVlf ? ?!'* ??*? ? that the animosity which we believe to f\isi in the I'niicd States against Eng. iaini and Englishmen is not so ucritn.noos as wo fancy." Microscopical Soc.ktv.? V nurncr. nus meeting of the member* of this now aau ;!-.?urUaing society *us held yes La rr-Tapyrrrr* v . . i.v.v.-' r.yjw.e. . jwu / : day evening in the rooms of the Horticul- tl ! Vnial Society., Regent street, rrofessor, e ; Richard Owen. F: II. S. in the chair. 0 i Mr. Quekctt, the secretary, made an in- tl terestlng communication on someeuteioa I found on the body of a1 water-rat, which I< ! rave rise to an interesting discussion on v : the various parasites inhabiting different! tl I species of animals. On the human body j fi thirteen different species were found, all1 ' > varying iri form, according to the different J a i parts or surfaces which they were destined ' n ! to inhabit. The parasites on birds were h I 1 ! | large and singular in form, varying with j o j every different species ; but tkose inhnbi- \ o j ling mammalia, which had been little no- | ticed, opened an almost entire new field j ? of reseatcb. These it was probable, also ! li varied with every different species, as was j c I well known to fur dea.lers, with their dif- j h . ! erent articles ol commerce. It also appear- ti ! ed that different snakes had their several j a j sorts of parasites, aod it was suggested j I i that this discussion would rive rise to an 1 h ,| entirely original and greatly interesting j d I subject of inquiry. Mr. Quekett also j [ i noticed four species of eutezoa found i n : in the lungs of a porpoise; and a corn- I p j munication was made on thestornata of J ri j plants, from which it appeared that their j l< i natural form was pellucid, hut that they j f were closed by pellicles of air. carrying ; h j before it a bubble of gelatinous mucos. j a English Paper. j \ A Singular Dkatii.?Mr. IIrxry |i .jCooLtDGB of Frarningham, Mnssachus- j p J setts, a very worthy young man died on jt j S iturday last, in consequence, as his ! n physicians suppose, of poison communica- j J I in I to his blood bv a razor with which he j t< ; shaved himself soon after he had shaved j s ; the laces of his deceased father. / r The father was a patriot of the Revo. ! [ ! hit ion, a pensioner, and advanced he- j \ | vond the ngeof eighty,n:vl inshnving the 1 c ' face of the corpse the razor drew a little I |< j blood. Toe son, without wiping the raz- I f i ??r, made u-;e of it to shave his own face, I t | on which he also drew blood, and he made s use of the same lather and brush which t n | lie had used on the corpse. Soon after,! n ! his face became much swollen, and he j j{ i gradually grew worse for about ten days, : |, j being much of that tune in great torture, f , till he died. r I (J Some A hoi it ion gentry of Hostoa on j j Saturday last dragged Mr. Harrington,! I i ^ j the respectable Conductor of the Eastern ; . r> *i i, _ j : i... 11 i: ... /, . 'I" I i ivn11 ivohu, into uie rouce i.ouri. i ne L ... n ' gravamun ot the accusation against Mr. ^ ! Ha r ngtoii co: sisn-H in his having eomI D j initted an assault u;>on one J/inn, an a- ! 1 hoiilion dentist. It seem's that a meeting o i was to be held in Salem to express a little negro indication against the Rail Road , P i < Company lor refusing to permit (he blacks to occupy the same cars with the white Lj passengers. This Doctor Maun and sev. ^ lend of'his friends were going to that ince- j , ting, and took along with Ihein a black ! ! man, as it would seem, for the t.xpres< j " ! purpose of rearing the regulation of the j ^ 'Company. The negro, after us were fill ' I seated in the car, was told gently and ^ ! respectably that he could not go in that (j I ca;?that one in every respect as good j ^ ; was provided for people of his colour, and j j! I he must go into that. He refused, and t ^ the white negroes around him insisted on ! , ; ,| ! Irs staving where he was. lie was then t . ; put out hy force, ami Mann and his com- j | pe< rs did all they could to prevent the i j -xpuisinn, hut it was of no avail?nut only i the negro hut his hackers were forced i [ j out : and for this otFence against the m:i? J v jesty of the ebony gentleman and his hot- j a j tle-ho'ders, the Conductor was brought j r; j before the P"ii<*e Court. That Court, ! , ; upon a fair hearing from a I! parties, pro- J [. J nounccd the regulation of tho Company i^ j a perfectly pmpar one, declared the con- j [ due! of Mr. Harrington and his assistants ! , i ^ j ? j completely justifiable and ordered him to ,! j, t ho i cht g d ? V. iY. Co: r Buq, j | From tile National Intelligencer. i A TOUR TO TIf M WSST, OR TUB NSCSSilTY I OF A NA rtOXAL CUBRF.XCY. j j Wasiiinuto.y, Octoher 10.1841. ! c .. ..I'..., tnti.nl imt:iri> cnmiui Mrvl ! .. in ro wi tin in- '.in "? (" ..vw , u I me i.i early spring to visit the fhr West; j \ and it oceanic a matter of consideration ;e i to know what means should ho prepared j / | to smooth mv path, and give a welcome j I oaasporr to the neops.aries of life; upon | what road to direct rnv solitary way, so as j p to secure ease, rest, and comfort?tor we . t ! are often tantalized with those deliirhts, t I I I and yet they are beyond our reach* are } i involved in pecuniary difficulties, wheu j f | hv a little care we might have moved a- ! r j long in safety. * | d 1 resolved to be causltous. and silver, a j and gold being out of the question, 1 pro- : (. j cured Virginia money, and entrusted my :s j safety on the national road, and almost 1 w ; with 1 lie rapidity of thought was convoy. ! h led over the mountains and the plains that11; t lie neyond, and found myself on the hanks 1 '| i of iho Ohio in less iime than was former- I a J Iv required for a trip from Winchester to c | Alexandria. ! a Feeling some disposition to learn as ; a J well as travel, 1 took passage on an Ohio h ; trading boat, and it was not long before I w began to he initiated into the mysteries of p ' currency. 1 paid my fare, and, in so do- | h i mg. was corn,nolle ' to change a twenfv i ^ j dollar no?e on the Farmer's Dank of Vir- ; o Igima, and received a flood of shinplas- | i.< j ers and a three .dollar note on the Dank e I of West Union, Ohio, not worth the light j h | it would take to set it on fire, and it iv.n a finally disposed of, i<i the vicinity ot West j t! Union, for a breakfast of about par value with itself; it iust had the name. Liberated from thcjliltle boat, and freed ir from the snfe keeping of these three dol- l-i ! jars, I could not help drawing a coinpari- { c son, between a broad national currency, b which is e.jiiiil to all our wants, and the 'I issues of this lit:!e hank, whose notes are tr ! not current among its officers, and which ir j are palmed olF upon the ignorant and un tt suspicious, and asking whether it were tr not fai better for the inlercot of the many a! y.-.rorr-r rjgiafc: V ? lat they should be paid their dues in the urrency of a national bank, than he for. ed to take suc'i notes in payment for leir many toil, However, it \/iII not do to dwell too >ng on this matter, tor I am forced to isit Tennesee and take mv course irotigh the new settlements of Kentucky, nding my way to lite towns and villages, y the true chops on the sides of the trees, rid dragging t iy feet through mud and lire, until it wis the happiest feeling to ehold the humble cahin of the hardy pineer, and sati* te rry voracious appetite n his homely lare. But it was n it long before I left the rood-choppcr, ind found my way lo high fe and Tonne >ee money- There I reeived a note cn the State Bank, of one inndred dollar.-, and returning into Kenuckv, at no gnat distance from that imginarv line wf- ich divides the two States, realized the < fleets of a local, currency, v being forcei to exchange the hundred "liar hill for eighty-eight dollars ol Ceiitucky "money ; and with this dear uonev I attempted to return to my native 'lace, hut 1 assure you I have mat with luch difficulty. In Virginia and Maryi.id I have been compelled to oeposite ive times the a Tioitnt which was due, and avu been detained for the purposes of xchange. At Maysvillc I attempted to procure Virginia mom'/, but tailed. At Whejplng a second attempt was made, but it 'roved unsuccessful . However, fearing hat the Kentucky money would not go mich further, I exchanged fifty dollars Cenfuokv for the notes of the Northwesern Hank of Virginia, and some oilier j H * ' mall hills, which paid mv wav until I cachet! Fredericktown, Maryland. There met with difficulty, for neither the Vheoling money ror the Kentucky was urrent ; hilt,.as a great favor, the landmi received a five dollar hill (Whce|mg) briny breakfast and dinner, and gave ho change iy two one-dollar notes of ome Pennsylvania hank, one dollar B iltinore and Ohio Railroad, and the balance , ri Good luteir: shin plasters?all, accord- ! ng to his say, so current ; but, not one .undred yards from the door, all except lie railroad money, was refused at the iiilmnd office;, hut, having another fifty ontsof railroad scrip. I lound my way to i Farper's Ferry. Hut there the North- j /extern Bank was in even worse repute ; han in Maryland ; and I placed in the j WWltn 11 nrl : ItlU '*7 4 W Cl."? t% 1|< '?. j /as carried to Winchester, at which !ace I was detained two days?i:i g ting shaved?Kentucky money at twelve er cent, and Northwestern Bank at tea. These thin<;s force me to the conchis>n that this ^ront country is deserving of bettter and more honest currency, and > hat those who have received our conn- i cnec oii'Oit to ?jive it. and protect us in ! ur rights and the enjoyment of our pro- j ertv. Ttiesc things are harrnasin" the ! eople and gradually undermining the ; onfidence which the confidence whi'fii j hey have rep< sed. And if this stale of flings is not stayed, it does not require inch philosophy to divine t!io result. Vhcn the law sleeps, physical force has ts course; and amid its many acts ofjus. ice is commingled much to make the carl sick and tremble. A FAR ME It. Railway Traffic.?One week's rooipts from the principal lines of railway ! n Great Britain, according 0,,r last week's returns, amounted to ?()7.fi79 on capital of Xt37,000.00!). Deducting nc half for expenses, which is f.d' as nuch as they average, tlvre remains a 1 ia!ance for dividend of about 7 per cent., i roving at once that railway speculations uivc not been so unproductive as some J vould represent; for although there has j icon a loss (or rather no profit) on some ) inns, if is morn than made up from otii- ' irs. The country at largo, therefore, has ! eon rather a gainer in regard to invest- ! nont of capital, to say nothing of tho inmense benefits conferred on the whole onuininity in making and keeping those indertakings in repiimas well as iri the heaper, speedier, and safer mode of travlling to which they have given hirih.? ' lull way Times A Politician s Gamlt.?When Na- | oleon escaped from Elba arid returned j o i'Yance, tlie Mmitcur- <fceM announced j he event as follows: 1st announcement J larch, ItflS. The monster has escaped t rom the place of n:s b.inisnmonr; no nas unaway from Elba. 2d. The Corsican ragoon (!'"ger) has landed at Cape Ju- i n. 3d. The tiger has shown himself at rap : the troops are advancing on all ; ides, in order to arrest his progress ; he , /ill conclude his miserable adventure hy ccoming a wanderer among the mourn ; nins; he cannot possibly escape. 4'h. I 'he monster has really advanced as far s Grenoble ; we know not 'o what trea- ; hery to ascribe it. 5lh. The tyrant is \ dually at Lvons. Fear and terror seiz- ' II at his appearance. (5th. The usurper 1 as ventured in approach to he capital ! I'ithin sixty hours' march. 7th. Bona- I arte is advancing hv forced marches: ut it is impossible he should reach Paris. | tn. Napoleon will reach uiHer the walls j I i .ins to morrow, otn. 1 no Ivnpernr j < at Fontainbloau. 1 (Ifh. Yesn r l iv i vcninfj Mis W.ticstv the K nporor mode j is public ceiifry, and arrived at too palcu of the Tusleries nothing can exceed lie universe I jov ! Somnambulism Extraordinarv.? A lost extraordinary feat was performed i ist week bv a gentleman of Cayuga ounty, [\. Y.) engaged as a juror, and >dging in one of the hotels at Auburn 'he jury had been engaged on a very ying case for several hours?not closm their labors till near midnight, soon af;r which the individual alluded to ntired ) rest. To make use of bis owncxplantion since, ho had not been long asleep ' ' -1 before his mint! became grcatlv agitated, j t He imagined himself attacked by a body s of Indians, frotn whom, in attempting to i lloe, he jumped out of bed, and, after i i a few well-directed blows at the window, I , bounded out. Tue distance from the i window to the ground is twenty feet : and ' ( a solid walk of limestone was there to re- j ceive him.. His alarm still continued, j ' and he started ofT to escape the imaginary foe, for some fifty rods, when he wasovertaken bv some gentlemen, who lodging - ? - 1 1 k....n uiu-iL'nnorl in the same room, nnu uc<_u oi??nvuvn by his movements only in time to witness his exit from the window, and had proceeded with all haste for his recovery. When taken he was still asleep, and so continued till aftpr his return to the Exchange in their care. Singular enough, a slight pain and a little blistering of his feet are the only inconvenience this' notable exploit has occasioned the performer. VERMONT. From the Message of Governor Paine, of Vermont to the Legislature of that State, now in session, we copy the following paragraphs, relating to the institutions and politics of the Un on : "The attention of the people of the whole Union his been directed, by events which have occurred within the hist few yea-s, to certain amendments which are deemed es.>*cniial in the Federal Constitution. The undue stimulus to ambition which is though? to be supplied by the prospect of the Presidential j offie being enjoyed by its occupant (or a sec- j ond tern, of four years, has created great j alinn tortiie balance of trie powers of the General Government. Experience lias certainly proved that if there is anv danger of that oalatice being destroyed, H arises from the constant eiiorts c:f the Execu ive departni >nt looxtcn I its patronage and power. ' That such eiforts huve frequently been ' made to enable the President to secure ?. j re-election, can hardly he doubted ; and j it is to i>e feared that tiiev will continue to he too often made, so long as human ' / O nature remains uriohangeu. I " V general complaint, arising from the ; same well-grounded apprehension, exists ! as to the President's power of removal from oiiice. The Constitution directly ' gives him no such power, but he has been j allowed to take it by implication, It is difficult to imagine how it should ever have been derived from that provision in the Constitution which authorizes hiin to nominate, "and by and with the ad vice and consent of the Senate to appoint" I all oiiicers. Too President and Senate are jc.inrly | made tlie appointing power, and,/in the j ubsenec of alt ofhcr provisions on the subject, one would have supposed they f must aUo bo join: ly the removing power. ! But the President claims to exercise it j alone, and more frequently exercises it j without any cause, except for the politi- j cal opinions of those removed, than from an impartial regard to the faithful per i lormence of the public service, which , forms the sole argument in favor of its existence. F??r if tiie Constitution tie- | signed to give sucli a power to the Prosi- ; deal, it must have h;nn for the purpose! of enabling him to make removals requi,- j, red by the public goo I. But it has bpen j perverted to a totally d tf rent purpose? ; that of enabling him to reward his sup- j purlers, strengthen his infiaunco, and j?e- J cure his own re-election. "Another similar subject, to which I would invite your particular attention, is the power of the Power of the President to veto winch have been passed by' both [louses of Congress. This is the oulv . . . j moriMrchic.il feature in our form ol government, and it is diuicalt to understand how it should ever r?;ive been engrafted | upon r<:j>tiM;c:in institutions. It was ' probably taken, v.-it bout much roil etion as t?> !Is eoiw.'queuces, fro in the Pritish Constitution, which vests a similar power ; i:i the Iving, but only to protect his own prerogative from encroachment. Even for tin* purpose, however, it has not been exercised ny him for more than two ceo- ; turios. T,io early settlers of Vermont 1 were too jealous of liberty to allow such a j power any place in our Constitution. 4,Tw form a just notion of the magui- . tilde of the veto power, as it may be ex- ; crcised by the President, we must keep j constantly in view that to prevent the j passage of wholesome and necorsary laws j is as h.td as to pass those which are mischievous. The power to make all laws might bo as properly entrusted to the President as the power to prevent all | laws. The history of all legislation ' proves liiui a majority of two thirds can seldom he obtained on disputed questions ; and to allow the President to resist the enactment of such laws as he i pleases, unless passec. by so large a ma- J ~ * * i n /inn i?i!i n I jornv, is i.'i uiit'ci in ii |iw3u in mi.. , almost the entire power of legislation.? But the President not only claims the J right to exercise the veto power whonov- I er he pleases, hut toexerci.se it as iie un- | derstan.ls the Constitution, without any ' regard to the decisions of the Supreme , I Court, or to the precedents established , by his pri'deeessors. He aj>pears to bp j uncontrolled in its exercise, cither by law i or precedent, and to have nothing to consalt hut*his own conscience, and nothing j to regard hut his own character for conP sistenoy. j " ? ? i i r. _n ... "Li lie is rig:;i, we m:iv i?iu iu^wcn 10 ; to all stability ni our institutions. Every |J four years tne laws of the country may he 1 changed, and its business embarrassed : J and destroyed bv the constitutional scru- ji pies of a new President. The tariff, the 1 bank, the distribution of the: revenue from 1 the public lands, internal improvement, all the great measures for the welfare of, , the country, will be constitutional or un- i constitutional just as the President may i1 happen to Ik? selected from one part oi the Uinon or the other. ? ! submit to your consideration wheth- I cr it is not expedient to propose an 1 intendment of the Constitution, which dm!! render the President ineligible to a re-election, and which shall modify. his^f powers of removal from office, and of presenting the passage of laws by Congress. "For myself, I confess that I cannot doubt that, if such amendment should be adopted by the requisite number of States, it would greatly contribute to perpetuate our free Government." KLF.CTRO MAGNETIQUE LOCOMOTJV*. Translated for the National Intelligencer from I lie Echo du Mande, savant No, 638, Paris, 4th Aug. 1841# A letter has been received from Leip- . zig, dated 23d July, stating that Mr. Lewis Gabriel Stockner, a mechanician of that city, has just finished an Electro Magnetic Locomotive, the greatest part of which is constructed after Mr. Wag. ner's plan, and which has been purchased by the Germanic Diet. This locomotive is of seven horse power, and will draw three cars full of passenger*. It coot* about $1,000, instead of $7,5o0, the cost of a common steam locomotive; the sop* ply for it amounts to not more than 60 cents per day. The experiments which hnve been made with Mr. Stock.er's locomotive on the railroad between Leipzig and Dresden left nothing to be d?*ired. south carolina college. The Camden Journal recommends Judge O'Neal! for the Presidency of the College. We still hope {he health of Mr. Barnwell will permit hiin to resume ? station which he has tilled so signally to the honor and benefit of the State.?Charleston Mercury. We fully concur with the Mercury, The nomination of Judge O'Neal! is a good one, but the Temperance Advocate w says it has it " from unquestionable authority, that Judge O'Nuall will not per. nut his name to go before the Board of Trustees, nor would he. accept the office if iendeied bun and in the strengthening hope that Mr. Barnwell wiJI be able to resume the station, we cannot doubt that no one else will he chosen, til! his inability to resume it, is placed beyond all doubt. South Carolinian. gold mine in union. Onr estimable friend, Dr. Moors, Cashier of the Branch Rankin this placer politely shewed us yesterday, some remarkably rich specimens of ore from a Vein Mine lately commenced in Union District, about twelve miles above the Court House, culled Nott's Mine. In three or four small pieces of rock there were estimated to be fifty to seventy dollars worth of gold ; and among them was a piece of solid ?/old in its natural state, worth twen ty five dollars. South Carolinian, From the? Smith Carolinian. col. maxoy or too. The last 'temperance Alcorn tc, in stating tho result of the late election for Colonel, pays the following just and well. merited tribute to the sterling worth of this estimable officer and gentleman, whose whole character reflects the high# est credit on the noble example, of an honored and respected'sire, who has long made his name almost svnonimotis with * rigid honesty and integrity, and modest and unassuming devotion to the public good. * Richland District has reason to he proud of this high-minded and honorable 2 young officer. It has long been said, ~ that a candidate in Richland District must Lrr.at. to liquor, or lose lits election? in other words, must resort to bribery, or he defeated. Cnpt Cregg, however, with a purity of principle and moral firmness, that reflect ten-fold more honor on him than the official distinction he has gained, determined to run simply on his own merits us a gentleman and an officer? scorning office if he had to creep into it through the low arid degrading pain of treating and bribery, fie did not run as a Temperance man, for ho is not a mem# her of a Temperance Society?he simply ..MM.intirml hi< determination to treat no man lor his vote. This he scrupulously adhered to, and old Richland has shown that she can appreciate and honor the :nan who has the virtue and moral courage to act the high-minded gentleman, in an Election canvass, as well as in the social circle. Wc hope the day is not distant* when far higher honors shall evince to Co!. Maxcy tiregg that his talents, integrity, and gentlemanly bearing, are futly appreciated by the citizens of Richlandi District." "GLORIOUS UNCERTAINTY !" John W. Stevens was lecently tried in Winchester, Va. for robbing the mail. It was shown in evidence that this man was suspected. To detect hi in in the act, letters containing money were deposited in the mail, which were to be withdrawn if he did not purloin them.? fie took them from the office, abstracted the monev and the letters were found in his possession. Yet the Judge charged the Jury that the letters were fictitious, and the robber teas acquitted! Last week a body of Murtnsns, numbering about seventy individual.*, passed through Montreal on their way to Nauvoo. Illinois, to join their fellow fanatics in that settlement. They were from Gloucester, England, and arrived at Quebec in the Collins. They ap? pear to be quiet, inoffensive people, and possessed of some means. They call themselves the "ljatfei Day Saints," or Mormons, from having adopted the book of Mormon as a part of divine revelation. They believe in the in the efficacy of prayer as a means of curing all diseases. One of their children, when at the immigrant sheds, was seized with toothrtch, and two of them laying their hand* on her head, prayed that the Almighty would be pleased to releive her. We do not know whether the deluded creatures had their delusion strengthened or weakened by the ? ? suit.?Montreal Herald.