Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

Below is the OCR text representation for this newspapers page. It is also available as plain text as well as XML.

I . * - A ' f" . * * *v . * '' |k ' **> '"ijj 1 ' A^?i? V " ? * ? i itifliflb. <nBtm&Awr Jhmvmm^ g= 11 .' jjl" ' ?*" " ?* 1 ^Baag VOLUME VI. CHERAW, SOUTH-CAROLINA, WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 6, 1841. NUMBER 47. f %., * * ^ 0 s?y%jy * By M .MAC LEAN. Tkkms:?Published weekly at three dollars a year; with an addition, when not paid within t.iree months, of twenty per cent per annum. Two new subscribers may take the paper at five dollars in advance; and ten at twenty. Four subscribers, not receiving their papers in town, may pay a year's subscription with ten dollars, in advance. A year's subscription always due in advance. Papers not discontinued to solvent subscribers in arroars. Advertisements not exceeding 16lincs inserted or one dollar the first time, nud fifty cents each uhseqiicnt tune. For insertions at intervals of two weeks 75 cents after the first, and a dollar if the intervals are longer. Payment due in advance for advertisements. When the number of insertions is not marked on the copy, the advertisement will be inserted, and charged til i rdered out. It?" The postage must be paid on lettcrsto the editor on the business of the office. From (he Southern Cabinet. 44 Old Point Com fort, Aug. 22, 1^41.. u Dear Sir,?I enclose you a copy of a letter received from Mr. McClcan on the subject of drilled wheat. His experiinent is a very interesting and important one, and d? s rves to he prosecuted farther. I saw this wheat and think I never saw a more luxuriant growth or one that promised a greater yield : but Mr. M. omits one important fact?it suffered somewhat liom the rust. i 44 The objections urged to drilling wheat in this country, where land is cheap and labor high, are first, that the drilling is expensive, and secondly, that to secure any advantage from drilling, the crop must be worked ; or in other words, that drilling is only to he resorted to, as it enables you to work the crop. If this the fact, I should #*nv, that no Virginia farmer would he justified in drilling his wheat; but the fact is the reverse ; for drilling is atfen ded with no increased expense, (other than the cost of the drill) and the labor of working the wheat would be thrown away. The increase of product therefore, arises from the more equal distribution of the seed, the uniform depth at which it is covered, the free circulation of air through the drill, and the bettfrcondition in which the land is left by the operation of the drill plough. Very respectfully, Your obedient servant, R. \rohbr " 44 Elizabeth City County Aug. 17, 1841. "Db. Robkrt Akchkr, 44 D?ar, Sir.?Late in October ult. I thought I would experiment a little bv drilling two-third< of an acre of wheat, believing that drilling a full crop would pay ne much better than a crop sowed broadcast. *' In this two-thirds of an acre, the rows fifty to sixty yards long, there were sixty, three rows fourteen inches apart. * If any difference in quality or quantity of wheat in these rows, it was in favor of those seven inches apart, where i five pecks were drilled to an acre. 41 At the rate of ten peeks, were drilled J on two I?cdi, drills seven inches apart: this I found by far loo thick : the wheat <iid not prodneo so well, and looked sickly from the time it first came up. 44 The wheat came up well, hut looked \ no better than my crop in general, until it began to head. Early in April I ran a j large h -row over it; thought it improved j its a[ ...ranee; latter part of April or first of M <y I ran a cultivator between the drills (fourteen inches apart) on two beds; bni at reaping time I found no material difference between that worked and ! that tin worked. The weeds were completely kept under w here the drills were close; not so with those fourteen inches *|iart. 44 On this two.thirds of an acre I made : fourteen bushels, and had it all haen dril j led seven inches (which produced as well 1 or better than the fourteen inches) I | would have made twenty-one bushels, a j yield of thirtv-one and a half bushels to ' the acre?three times as much as my gen. : eral crop averaged. " I am so confident of the success of j drilling, that I intend to drill thirteen acres this fall. I have a machine made by Mr. Jabez Parker, of Richmond, in. vented by Mr. Andrew liar tie, of this county, by which wheat can he drilled with less trouble than it can be sowed i broadcast, provided the wheat is to be j ploughed in. "This drill can in a few minutes be attached to any plough by any common hand. "Ishall he able, after mv crop ofthir. teen acres is reaped, to give more on this drilling system. lam, most respectfully, yours, A. R. McLean." From the Southern Planter. an ohjkction to kkrkshikes. My Dear, Sir.?I have seen and hoard much of the Berkshires and have no doubt that for same purposes they are the most improved hog now known to the agricul nrnl world. Rut I maintain that they are not calculated for this particular reg- j ion. My objections are that they fatten ; too easily and arrive at a heavy weight too early. With the exception of a few jockey pigs, raised about the house, we must continue to ran?re our hogs, and hence they must ever he exposed to depredation. Now a round fat sleek Berk, shire a temptation that the pilfering propenalties of our negroes cannot resist. Our only safety i9 in your long legged i lean and hungry alligator, which he could not catch if he would, and would not if he could. If any man attempts to keep a large number of Borkshiresin this neigh, borhood, he must house them every night under lock and key. Again, as to the bacon they make. I am old fashioned in my taste, and prefer a Virginia ham to any other eating in the world. Now I do not believe that a prime ham can be made of the true flavor I out of any hog less than two years old, or : from any except a poor hog just fattened up. But your Berkshire never gets poor, and at the end of two years is an over, grown mass ofgrease, well adapted probi ahlv to makinir irrass meat for negroes, I V ~ r- O _ ? hut totally unfitted for the delicate highly i flavored table ham. That new flesh affords the most delicate food is no new, i. dea, but one well recognised amongst i : beef eaters who all admit that the most j delicate eating is obtained from an old worn down ox just fattened up. Remember, sir, I am speaking of the delicacy of bacon without regard to the expense of making it, which by the by no true lover of bacon will ever regard. My devotion to the article may make me over particular, but I must confess I look upon one of your overgrown Bcrkshires with great distrust, and set down to my favorite ham with a melancholy foreboding that 1 its delicate sweetness is destined to yield to the greasy ranknessof the new breed. An Amateur Bacon Eatkr. Neio, Kent Virginia. From tho Farmers' Regstor. experiments to show the proper state of wheat for reaping. [Continued from last week.] From the above details, it would appear j that it is the farmer's interest to cut his j wheat before it becomes thoroughly ripe.) Many, no doubt, will be disposed to doubt ! I deductions of such importance drawn from such limited experiments. This oh. jection the writer anticipates, because it is a natural one, which he felt himself, when he considered the most important , conclusions which resulted ; when, how- , ever, he retraced, step bp step, his investi , m./imi, irilJimif /ttm mrinfitm in ihflt. re. i C;UKl/HOf ? MflVUV \J* 1M' O'lr r*r .r?w? , v . ( sufr, he could no longer refuse to believe jj it true till he proved it untrue. He is j aware that rhere are other points of con- i >ideration in this subject?that there are } peculiarities in the nature of land, of seed j or of season, and that there is, as in all ( man's investigations, a possibility of er- | ror; any of which circumstances might j materially affect the result of experiments j upon so limited a scale as the present one ; < and for this reason he w ill, if all be well, jive the subject a trial in the ensuing har- i vest, on a much more comprehensive < scale. That the results of these expcri- | menls will he corroborative in the main | points, ho has no doubt, and for this cause < lie feels no hesitation in laying the pre- ; ceding "details" before the agricultural j world; moreover, as lie has in no case , xiven a deduction without the grounds upon which it rested, the degree of " ac- , ceptation" which the render may give it | rests with himself. The most sceptical. ' lie however flatters himself, will think it , " worthy" of being tested, if of nothing i more. I In testing, however, the conclusion j which the foregoing experiments warrant, . there are some other advantages which strengthen that conclusion, which must < not be forgotten. That they have not 1 been considered in the preceding pages, { is not because they are of no import, but, on the contrary, because they are of such consequence that (he writer could not as. j sign them an adequate momentary value. ; And had he attempted to do so, he would have at once made the details of his ex- ' periments valueless, hv mixing the real results of jtrarfire with the imaginary ones ; of opinion. Before the subject, however, j can he thoroughly sifted, they must be | < considered. The circumstances are these: JI ?independently of the 4 per cent, gain M (according to the foregoing experiments) ' by reaping our wheat a fortnight before it is ripe, we have 1st. Straw of a better quality. ( 2d. A better chance of securing the i crop; and ; 3d. A saving in securing it. < 1st, " Straw of a better quality." This is easily demonstrated both tor the purpose of food and manure. As an article of food the value of any vegetable depends upon the gross quantity, or upon the combination of certain substances termed soluble, from their entering into union with water. This rule applies particularly to the grasses which are used for the purpose of feeding stock.* The substances generally found in these grasses are saccharine matter or sugar, mucilage or starch, and gluten or albumen, and bitter extract and saline matters. Of these the sugar is no dcuht the most, and the extractive matter the least, nutritive; the latter having been found, by experiment, to come away in the dung of the animal cousuming it, while the * "The mode of determining the nutritive power of graces by thp quantity of matter I..M. .....? :?.ns?: .1.. f illt'y in writer, ic cuiu^irmij nr* * curate for all ih* purnc^es pf agricultural investigation.'' Sir Humphry Davy in hi? J ( "Account of the Re>u ts of Experiments oq ' t the produce and nutritive qualities of different t grasses and other plants, instituted by John, / Duke of Bedford." f other matters were absorbed by the body. Now wheat is a species of grass, and the value of the stra w, as an article of food, depends upon the quantity of nutritive matter contained it. "This nutritive matter must be very small in straw, as now generally used," the practical farmer will say, "for straw per se is but poor food, and scarcely able to sustain life." This is true; "from 400grains of dry barley straw," says Sir H. Davy, " I obtained 8 grains of matter soluble in water, which had a brown color, and tasted like mucilage. From 400 grains of wheat straw, I obtained five grains of a similar substanco." With this paucity of nutritive matter in the straw before us, how can we account for the fact that, in the con nC urlipfll ttiA atrnitt. nnrl all mirnillent pla nts, there is naturally a greut proportion of m ucilaginous and saccharine matter The answer is this. In all grasses and succulent plants, the greatest propor. tion of this is present before the flower is dead ripe.J So in wheat, when we allow the straw to remain till thoroughly ripe, a portion of the sugar is converted by the the action of light, heat. &c. into muciU age,* and a great proportion of the nutritivc powers of the grass absorbed by the atmosphere, or lost in some manner; for, as Mr. Sinclair observes, in his " Report of Experiments on Grasses," 44 there is a great difference bet weens straws or leaves that have been dried after they were cut in a succulent state, and those which are dried (if I may so express it) by nature while growing. The former retain all their nutritive powers, but the latter, if completely dry, very little, if any." Asa manure, too, the straw cut "raw" is equally superior ito the ripe; for, as it is an agricultural axiom that the better the food ofan animal is, the better the manure from it, the manure from a stock con suming this straw, containing a fair proportion of nutritive matter, must be more valuable than that from stock consuming the ripe with scarcely any in it. But a great proportion of the farmer's straw is converted into manure without undergoing the process of mastication and digestion. For this purpose the unripe straw is equally preferable, as all unrijte vegetables are manures without preparation^? the soluble and nutritive extracts which they contain, being the principal igents in forming vegetable manure ; as ihey not only combine to render the pro:ess of decomposition the more rapid, by breaking down the woody fibres.J in he manure heap, butt are al>o in their )ure and scDarate slates stimulants to j regctation.? It may be urged that the increased j /alue of the straw is more in favor of that ;ut very green (No. 1) than that cut a fortnight later (No 2.) This is true ; but, | lo produce this increase of value, if we 2ut our wheat so early as No. 1. we have i desiccation of the grain to such an ex'cut as to diminish the measured jrroducc ibtwe 12 per cent,; while, by reaping with No. 2. we are, so far from injuring either ample or measure, actually improving fjoth, and at the same time gaining above 3 per cent, in the weight, and at least as much in the quality of the straw. For the increase of weight in the latter is not produced by a greater produce, but by the iresence of a greater portion of those f * The fluids contained in the sap.ve*sels wheat and barley afforded, in some expertpents which I made on them, mucilage, snl*r, and a matter which coagulated by heat." Sir H. Davy, Agricul. Chem. 142. | Vide Agricul. Chem. Sec. 6, p. 264. * The inferiority of the quantity of sugar in he summer crops, probably depends upon the igency of light, which tends always in plants o convert saccharine matter into mucilage, [bid. p. 414. f " Green crops, or any kind of fresh vegea!)le matter, require no preparation to fit them ror manure. "All green succulent plants contain sac. diarine or mucilaginous matter, with woody ibre, and readily ferment. They cannot, therefore, if intended fj;r manure, be used loo wm after their death. 44 When green crops tire to he employed for ?nriching a soil, they should be ploughed in, if it be possible, when in flower; for it is at this period that they contain the largest quantity of soluble matter, and that their leaves ire most active in forming nutritive matter." Sir H. Davy, Agricul. Chera. p. 264. I 44 Vegetable manures, in general, contain i great excess of flbrous and insoluble mat. ers, which most undergo chemical changes tiefore they can become 'the food of plants. It Evill be proper to take i? scientific view of the lature of these changes, &c. 44 If any fresh, vegetable matter, which contains sugar, mucilage, starch, or other vegetable :ornpoit7uls soluble in water, be moistened and exposed to air, at a tena^rature from 55 to *0 degrees, oxygen will soon be absorbed, and arbonic acid formed ; heat will be produced, ihd elastic fluids, principally carbonic acids, jaseous oxide of carbon, and hydrocarbonate, vi'l be evolved; a dark colored fluid, of a light lv sour or bttter taste, will likewise be ormed; and if the process be suffered to conmuefor a time sufficiently long, nothing solid vill remain, except earthly and saline matter, solored black by charcoal. 14 In projvriion as there is more gluten, atbu7ien, ur matters soluble in water, in the vege. able subslancos exposed to fermentation, so n proportion, all other circumstances being ?qual, will the process be more rapid." Ibid. p. io 7. $ ? Mucilaginous, gelatinous, saccharine, tily, and extractive fluids, and solution of car. ionic acid ar.d water, arc substances that, in heir unchanged states, contain almost all the ninciples necessary for the life of plants" Ibid. ). 250. ' soluble substances which are alike necessary to animal and vegetable life?'are alike the nutritive part of food and the quickening principle of manure. 2d, We come now to the second advantage, the ' belter chance of securing the crop. This is Self-evident, We gain a fortnight at the commencement of harvest. If the weather be good, we can secure a great portion of our wheat before we should scarcely have begun upon the ol J system. If not, we can wait; so, under any circumstances, our chances of securing the grain must be greater. Moreover, if we take a. retrospect of the harvests for a number of years, we shall find that nearly all the early harvests have been what we term "good" ones, i. e. good as cegftrds weather and the condi. tion in which the grain was secured.? When the peculiarities of our climate, its general fickleness, and its still greater liability to change as the autumn advances, are considered, this will require no explanation. If we look, too, at the later hnrvests, we shall, I venture to say, find that, in ninecnses out of ten, the grain which was cut first was secured in the best condition. As an example of this, the crop of 1839 will suffice. The crops were late, the beginning of reaping the same, and the result was that in the north of England full 75 per cent, of the whole wheat crop mas damaged. And full 75 per cent, j of that which was uninjured, I will also venture to say, was that which was cut the first. In Yorkshire this was especially seen ; for the earliest wheat was with the greatest difficulty secured. In this village (North Deighton) not a sheaf was in stack till the day before, and on some farms, the very day on which the rainy weather set in. The frequent recurrence of such years as this, will teach the value of even a fortnight better than any thing that can be said here. And that they will recur is beyond a doubt. What has happened once may happen again, but what has frequently happened, (as this sort of harvest has,) with the same causes in operation, we are warranted in saying, will happen again and often. 3d, The saving in securing the crop is a double one. In the first place, there is less waste in moving or reaping, and no danger of "shaking" or "necking" in strong winds. In the second place, there 1Q on O Kunll ito OOAMAm Tf in t ho nvnr nQP nf renping the crop, which may be thus illustrated. The busy period of' harvest with the farmer generally extends over four or five weeks. In this month a certain portion of his work is done by his own hands, i. e. by the regular laborers and servants of (he farm; therefore, by beginning a fortnight sooner, and extending the seas, on of harvest over six weeks instead of four, it is evident that these regular servants would cut a mush greater proportion of his crop?in fact one half more. By this he is rendered less dependant on ! those extraneous "helpc" or 'takers" who, in the seasons of hurry and anxiety, fix their own terms. How often do we, especially in the north, behold a force of reapers in almost every field. The reason is this: the wheat, oats, and barley, are often ripe at j one time, and aware as the farmer is of the injury which strong winds and show, ers would do them, he has to hunt np laborers at any price. And, after all this extra expense, it is extremely probable that, having the whole of his harvest upon his hands at once, he is compelled to let some part of his grain have too little or some too much weather. By commencing his wheat harvest a fornight earlier, these evils would have been prevented; by the time that bis barley and oats were ready, most or all of his wheat would have been cut, and some of it fit i for the stack, and that, too, by the exertions of his regular workmen only. And being neither pressed for time nor laborers, his harvest would have Keen finished at a less expense, and his grain secured very probably in a much better condition. To assign a value for these advantages l is, as has been said before, for the farmer himself; and it will not be an insignificant one. For if beginning harvest a fortnight earlier enables him to save a crop from spoiling once in a lifetime,? if the improved quality of his straw as | food for his stock allows him to plough out on acre more, or :o pasture another acre of clover with feeding stock, instead of mowing it for his lean stock, every (jraifi saved, every extra bushel of corn produced!, and every extra food of stock fed, is a benefit to the whole community as welt as to himself?is so much added to the gross produce and wealth of the conn'ni __ .* ?.7 irv. 1 uere Deing. in iilci, an mci cuoou, return icilhout an increased outlay. The Food of Plants. 1 cnnnotbut think we are greatly at fault on this question. There is much that is clouded and obscure, as well as confused, connected with the subject. Science has been seldom consulted on the occasion, and speculation and theory have been conrounded with the sound rationale of practical detail. The problem seems to me more complicated than is generally ! supposed, and the invention depend on I more subtile elements than usually! enter into t^e estimate. Food, to serve as nutriment and he assimilated, is one ! thing; and stimuli, to impart a tone to or excite the functions belonging to vegetation, sa as they may exercise their office in a healthy condition, is quite another af? fair. I am not quite sure that because i we find on chemical analysis, sulphate of lime in wheat, nitrate of soda in barley, i phosphate of lime in the oat, and so on with others, it necessarily follows they must be supplied with these several earthly alkaline salts, until it be clearly proved by experiment, that the salts are really absorbed and selected with rare discrimin ation from the soil, and not produced from the plant. If the former he ascertained, then *4 sweet to the sweet," sugar to the sugar-cane* pungent solutions to the Piper Nicnm, Capiscum, Zingiber, dsc., as | well as alkaline matters to Saleconia Salj sola, Kali, &c. I believe that they are fatal antipathies among plants, as well as recriprocal affinities. In 1839 I proved clearly that roots posses ssecreting organs as well as absorbing In vessels. This fact was subsequently veritied by Macaire and others. It explains the necessity of the rotation of crops, as well as the phenomenon of individual plants never perishing in juxtaposition with several of their congeners?while they luxuriute in health and vigor near other plants. On the simple principle so frequently exemplified in the animal world as in hares, goats, sheep, dec., what is food for one is poison to another. In vegetable therapeutics we are miserably defective ; indeed, nothing has been done. Charcoal, the scalpel, the syring, fumigation, dec., external and mechanical acts, ccrs itute the sum total, with a change of food, of our treatment of invalids. No | medicine has been administered internally to the sickly plants. If growing chamomile will restore [as it constantly does) ' J J - ~J /I.Anninn vofToinlmil llUttlltl IU lllSCilSCU tlliu uiuvping then let an infusion of chammonile be tried, and so on. I merely, meantime, throw out the hint; hereafter I may send you results of experiments. J. Murray : Gardeners' Chronicle. Methods of Healing Wounds made in large Trees by Lapping, The branch is cut off at a distance of three or four feet from the tree, care being taken to support it in a manner to prevent it from splintering the stump. The bark of the stump is then cut into narrow longitudinal strips, which, after being carefully peeled off with a harking tool as far as the body of the tree are tied hack so as to keep them clear of the saw in the amputation of the stump close to the body of the tree.?The saw-cut surface is then smoothed with a wide mortice chisel, and is covered with the strips of hark, cut and fined to it as accurately as possible, and fastened down with brads driven into the depth of about one-eighth 'PL. 1 1 Ul Ull IIICII.? 1 lie WUUIUi ttllU 9UI IUUUUlii? parts are next covered to the depths of two or three inches with a cataplasm, according to the following receipt:?Clay, 4 parts ; fresh cow-dung 2 parts , finelysifted wood-ashes, 1 part; add cows' hair, such as that used by plasterers, a handful or more, according to the quantity of the composition required. Mix these mater-. lals together in a very regular manner, moisten?ng them with water to bring the whole to a proper consistence. To preserve the cataplasm from injury, stout canvass is passed over it and sowed round the body of the tree ; both of which must remain for 6 or 8 months; their removal depends solely on the healed state of the bark. When the bark is healed, the part of the tree where the branch was amputated will appear as if no limb had grown there. The operation should not be performed in the winter months, for the bark ? -- I I ? ? ? ?? ? ? ?? * ? r.n. rvt ??f/\rv/l wm iiui run or separate iiimii mo nuuu, ami (he wounded part would be liable to be attacked by frost. Mr. Henry Smith : Transactions of the Society of Arts. WATER-PROOF DUBBING FOR LEATETIR. Keep your feet dry and head cool.?To render leather water-proof, and at the 1 same time to preserve its elasticity, is a , matter of great importance, as it increases its durability, and protects those who ap- ] ply it to shoes or boots from the mischiev# ous effects arising from damp or wet feet. , The following receipt followed out care. , fully, it is believed, will effect this object. | Take a pint of linseed oil, two ounces of < bees-wax, two ounces of spirit of turpen- ( tine, and a half an ounce of Burgundy , pitch, and slowly melt them together, con- , tinuing to stir them so as thoroughly to ( incorporate them, being careful not to set | the mass on fire, as the ingredients are all , combustible. When this compound cools, j it will be found to be about as elastic as leather ought to be. If it were harder, it j would cause the leather to crack | or break when bent; and if it were softer, j water would enter aod wash it out. To ( apply it, re-melt it, warm the shoes, or j boots, and put it on with a small brush or ? a sponge, or piece of cloth tied on the j end of a stick; continue to warm it in till t the leather is well saturated with it, and ] particularly the bottoms of the soles and j 1 1 ~ L. -. J J ? 1 k/* Ai%nliA/1 ? (1 en. II SllOinu ttiwaja IJV ap|/ncu nucu the boots or shoes are new, and then lay them by to season some time before wearing. Leather thus treated will be found impervious to water, and will wear twice as long as that to which it has not been applied The writer has used this article for many years, and can testify to the great benefits derived from it; and he had no doubt but his shoemaker's hill has beerf reduced to one half by the use of this com** position;and what has been saved by doctor's bill he is unable to estimate. Common grease applied to leather tendd to rot it, and it is soon washed out in w*f weather.?Farmer's Cabinet. O. From tha British Farmers Magazine. Manure, Allow to point out the enormouse waste of manure, in the shape of muck, reset* ting from badly constructed farm-yards* and by mismanagement. And first by way of hint to landowners, there are but few farmyards in the western part of this conuntry. but are situated and apparently formed for the purpoee of washing away into the brooks and streams this muck.? The sites which have been selected fof the sheds, commonly called 44huhays," are placed on an eminen with the yard of "barton" on an inclined plane?frequently on a considerable declivity. The con# sequence is, the valuable property of the muck is either wasted by evaporation or washed away the heavy rains and by the accumulation of water from the rooft of water from the roofs of the sheds, mount* , ing, when the fall of water is heavy, to & flood. This waste of manure, in too many instances, goes on throughout the winter. What then must be the amount of wsste and loss? The bloodcolored streams of water, by the mucilaginous and extractive matter?the soluble essence?flowing a way throughout a long winter, is the best answer. It is so novelty to see an accumulation of stahledung at the door, or placed near, and uoder the eaves, smoking with excessive fermentation, and driving off,in gaseioun form, carbonic acid and aramoniacal matter?the constituent property of good farm yard manure; the residue merely woody fibre, and scarcely worth taking away. Ail farm-yard dung, and particularly that from high-fed cattle, deteriorates from the same cause. It is too much the practice to let dung accumulate through the winter, till the cattle are about to be turned to grass, and to collect uU/.Ia intn la ma /tiinuhillt* kr this Illy TT IIUIV III**# luigv WW w practice, on badly constructed farm-yards one-half of the quantity, and three-fourths of the quality, are lost to the farm and to the public. The landowner would do well for his tenant, in diverting the water from his farm yards, by shoots be ing fixed to the eaves of the building* ; the tenant would soon discover his interest, by preparing layers of soil, from 1 foot to 18 inches thick, for a base, cast on his dung as soon as made, and seal it down with onother layer of soils, dec. Clay or marl should he used for layers, dec..? of compast for light or gravelly land, and vice versa. Sir Humprhey Davy has informed us, that when dung heats beyo id 100 dcgres of Fahernheit, deterioration commences. He subjoins a test: "When a piece of paper, moistened in muriatic acid, held over the steams arising from a dunghill, gives dense fumes, it is a test that the decomposition is going on too far, for this indicates that volatile alkali is disengaged." Having given my opinion on the economy of farm-yard dung, I shall bonclude, on the present occasion, by detailing the practice I adopt in further preparing these compost heaps, preparatory to being laid on the land intended for its reception, <fcc. Early in the. spring, and when the temperature rises, these composes should be well turned and mixed ,* this cannot he too effectually performed. When heat is generated in the cotnpots, which is generally the result in ten days or a fortnight, according to the temperature of the atmosphere, they should be re-turned and intimately mixed again ; and this process should not, en> any nccount, be neglected; the non-deteriorn ion of the manure will not be safe till it is well amalgamated with the soil intended for cropping. A North west Somerset Farmer. Abuse of the President's Confidence.? The individual referred to by the National Intelligencer of yesterday, as having wormed himself into the confidence of the President, and who is connected uith the New York Herald, has given another evidence of his unworthiness of the partiality which seems to have been conferred upon him. He started from Washington on Thursday, at 12 M., with a manuscript ropy of the veto message, in the handwriting of the President's Private Secretary, which he exhibited to the passenger* rrn board the steamboat from Baltimore : boasting at the time, of his familiarity with the President, and his previous know* ledge of the contents of the veto message* These facts reach us from three inai v t . ? *? duals who were oo board the boat at tne time; and whose statements are entitled 0 condfience. The explanation of this lisgraceful betrayal of confidence, as staled to us, is that the impudent fellow wa? 4 in his cups." But the President shoohl aot extend such confidence, to any one, ind last of all to the one in question.? He is an adventurer from abroad, a notorous libeller of our institution^ and lis piesence in the Executive mansion i?' 1 dishonor to the President, and a disgrace o the country, to say nothing of the conidence reposed in him. As the President low understands this matter, we doubt sot he will save ns from further boiailieion.?Plrilod. North Amcr.