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/ L i1 * K j i,. ? 1 '* ; .. # -g-g==^= 1 g-a^=^==8^=g= i , mw "' ss^sagsga^^gjjgjg, VOLUME VI. CHER AW. SOUTH-CAROLINA, WEDNESDAY, StfPTEtyBER 22, 1841. NUMBER 45 ' *f - *. *? ? * . ? By HI .IQAf LEA\> Tbbms:?Published weekly at three dollars a year; with an addition, when not paid within , three months, of twenty per cent per annum. Two new subscribers may take the paper at fire dollars in advance; and ten at twenty. Four subscribers, not receiving their papers in town, may pay a year's subscription with ten 'dollars, in advance. A year's subscription always due in advance. Papers not discontinued to solvent subscribers >in arrears. Advertisements not excoeding 16 lines inserted or one dollar the first time, and fifty cents each 'ubsequeol time. For insertions at intervals of two weeks 75 cents after the firai, and a dollar *f the 'intervals are longer. Payment due in advance for advertisements. Wl"?n the number of insertions is n >t marked u? he copy, the advertisement will be inserted, end charged til rdered out. jy The postage must be oai'' > ; lettersto the editor on the business of th shbep, confining them on it by means of a temporary fencing or hurdles; cattle are not liable to become hoven while feed* ing it in any state of its growth; on good land it has been known to reach the height of three feet and even more, producing as much as 12 tons of green food per acre, which, when welt dried, will yield 3 tons of the most valuable hay on the farm.?The first sowing takes place as soon after harvest as possible in England, upon land designed for the wheat-crop the next autumn, with the winter variety of seed, which can easily be distinguished from the summer tare, as it is smaller, rounder, and blacker; these will bear the severity of the winter; rye is often mixed to enable the crop to stand up, when it attains a considerable height, but a sprinklingof wheat has been found best for this purpose, as it remains longer succulent in the summer. The crop from this sowing will he fit for cutting for soiling in May, and the stalks if left in the ground will afford a second growth for sheep-feed ; but as the tare is a fallow crop, it is the best management to cut all off and plough the lanu deep as soon as the crop is removed, well working it and cleaning it during the summer, preparatory to wheat-sowing, early in the autumn after a dressing of well prepared compost,) if this has not been given to the tares? a far better arrangement for bo'h crops. The next sowing is with rhe summer var iety of the tare, as ear!) in March as the season will admit, on land that has hcen ploughed preparatory in the autumn or winter; again in April another crop is sown, and, if necessary, two other sowings might take place, the last so late as the end of June, that so a succession of this most valuable crop might be secured forth whole of the summer, and until the of September, Such crops produce immense qua-mti* so'*m "uire, which is earned from t* c - -i? ro -ornposed for dressing nthe: :askance, which mn iwsou , >n '?r l from which the ti?>l crop of t;? j been carried, and fc 1 oflfinti?-:-? ? -it-soiv. ing in the au juin. It must not be forgotten that the richer the land, the greater will be the crop of tares, and none will pay so amply for manure; but when the crop is very heavy, there is. less chance of obtaining good seed, and if that be the object, it is recommended to mow the first crop early for soiling, and permit the second growth to stand for seed, which is sometimes a precarious business, nothing being more uncertain; I have purchased seed at a guinea and a half, a bushel, and sold the next year's produce obtained from it at six shillings a bushel! When the price of seed is moderate, the quantity sown is two bushels or two and a half per acre, but whatever the price may be, it will be repaid in the crop, if the land be in good heart. As much as SO bushels ef seed per acre has been obtained, but 15 bushels, and often half that, is more common Under a heavy crop of tares, the land will be found perfectly clean and mellow, and will turn Ill hAo?\ o n,l fit tlrn lu fin niir?C. up IIKC ail ft?U uuap anu uiuiv. ...? vj tion with me, that the crop may lie raised with success in this country, if well cultivated on good land, rutiier stilfin its nature, and lying ccol. With regard to the value of the tare for soiling, it had been calculated that ten times more stock might be kept on them than on any other commonly cultivated crop ; horses require no corn or any other fopd, and cows give fnore butter while [From (he Farmers Cabinet.] the Tare culture. At a late meeting of the Philadelphia Agricultural Society, a member enquired if any one present could speak experiment, ally on the culture and value of the tare or vetch, which is in such very general use in England, where the summer.oil. ijrgs system is adopted ; remarking, that from all accounts the plants must be as* ^ tenishingly productive as well a9 nutritioas. Having myself employed it for that purpose very largely, and for many years, ( would say, its productiveness has never pet bean overstated, or its value overra' ted, as food for all kinds of cattle. Hor. ses, milk cows, fatting beasts, sheep and hogs, will grow fat while feeding on it, and the older it grows the more valuable it becomes, as the seed when formed in the pod, is far superior to oats or any other grain for the purpose of cattle feed ; the seeds are black, and the size of very small peas. The crop is used for soiling by cutting while green and taking it to thestahles; it is sometimes fed off by feeding on them than on any other food whatever. It is not strange, that no tegular experiment on an extensive scale has yet been made on such an invaluable crop in this country ? Broken Wind in Horses. A great number of dessections have proved that the cause of this disease is a rupture of the air vessel iu the lungs.? The difficulty of breathing which some person experience after unusual or pro. longed effort, would seem to arise from the same cause, and there is some reason to think that the disease may be hereditary. This is an important suggestion, so far as the human race is concerned. "Dr. Jackson found that of *28 persons affected with this rupture of the air cells, 18 were the offspring of parents (fathers or mothers) affected with the same disease, and that several of them had died from this cause. In some instances the brothers and sisters of these persons were similarly affected. On the other hand of 50 persons unaffected with the disease, three only were the offspring of parents who had suffered from it; whence it fol. lows that rupture of the air cells of the lungs is frequently a hereditary disease ; a fact important to man and horse, at all events to the breeder of the latter. Medico Chirurgical Rev. importance of agriculture. As a practical art, involving necessari. ly the existence of all other arts, and di. rectly the uses and aids of many of them, the importance of the agricultural art cannot be over estimated. In an eco. nomical and political view with the ex. ceptionofthe intellectual and moral interests of the community, which are also ir some, degree in obeyance to it, it is oliviously by far the most important of all its interests,?the department of its industry which most deserves the attention of the patriot, the philosopher, and the philanthropist, as the means of subsistence, and comfort, and the foundation of national wealth. Extensive as are the commercial enterprise and the manufacturinff industrv of Great Britain, vet her O J ' ? agricultural interests far transcend them. In France, more than one hundred and twenty million pounds of sugar are annually produced from the soil, where, little more than thirty years since, not a pound was grown; to say nothing of products in silk and wine, which are in proportion. I It is easy to see what a stake she has in ' agriculture. In China, a nation almost exclusively agricultural, for her various manufactures are mainly concerned in the products of her agriculture, where, besides her vast exports, more than three hundred and thirty millions of people are subsisted upon these products, we gather some impression of the immense importance of this art. There, likewise, the art has been carried to a higher perfection than in any other part of the world. Among ourselves it would be vain, in the present youth of the country, to attempt to calculate the extent to which the art is destined to he carried. The forthcoming census of its agricultural products will exhibit results, which will excite universal surprise. An annual crop in the Southern States, of more than 2,000,000 bales of cotton, of 249,000,000 pounds of sugar in Louisiana, of 42,000000 bushels ot Indian corn in Tennessee, of 18,000,000 bushels of wheat in Ohio, and more than 10,000,000 pounds of maple sugar in New York, great as the results appear, are yet only the steps in the progress of this gigantic interest. These facts show how essentially agriculture concerns the condition of the whole country. This interest, likewise, is certain to increase in an equal ratio with the growth of her population; and iet her commerce be ever so extended, or ner rnanuiactures as numerous and improved as invention and s'.i ! and art can make them, yet they must always he sub sidiary to her agriculture. It is her ag. riculture which freightsthe barks of com. merce, and drives the wheels and spindles of her manufactories in their rapid and infinite gyations. At her breasts; without a single exception, the whole of the human family are to be sustained, nour. ished, and comforted. The perfection of agriculture, as an art, implies the obtaining the greatest amount of produce from the earth, with the least injury to the land, and at cost of labor. It has been often remarked, that the actual productive powers of an acre of land have never yet been reached.? Magnificent and surprising results have been attained, but in no case can it be > :_l* said, with conhdence, tnai more migm not have been effected. In general, the agricultural art falls far below the condition ot productiveness and improvement which it might obviously attain ; and the aversion among farmers to change their established h ibits, and the slowness with which agricultural improvements of great and decided advantage extend themselves, even into neighbouring districts, are well known and sufficiently remarkable. Something of this has been owing to the stationary habits of farmers, to a want of education, and neglect of read ing and inquiry ; and much to prejudice the natural child of ignorance, again* scientific suggestions and the applicatioi of science to art, which, so far as the] are concerned, is wholly of a piractica character. This prejudice against th< applications of science to agriculture, 01 to what in vulgar parlance is called book farming, has we confess, found some na tural encouragement in the fact, that ma ny persons wholly destitute of practica knowledge and skill, have undertaken t( apply purely theoretical rules, withoui i . a m i* % a A regard 10 (liiterences or sou, climate, na tureofcrop, and nameless circumstance! by which the application of these rulei should be varied, or might be renderec unseasonable or futile ; and that, in trutl many persons hare undertaken to make hooks, and to give directions in husbandry who were grossly ignorant of its greal principles, and possessed little kaow ledge of its vanons practical details and rules, It must, ut the same time, be admitted that science has as yet accomplished bu little ; and that, beyond that knowledge which any intelligent, practieal and expe< rienced man easily and almost necessari. ly acquires of soils, manures, vegetation, and crops, little has been ascertained ol a practical value ; and the profound se. cretsof vegetable life,or what is properlj termed vital action in vegetable organisnr and growth, remain in all their origina nbtruseuess and mystery. The little sue cess, therefore, which seientific men have had in their attempts to resolve and ex plain them, and especially the little prac. tical utility which has come from theii rhetorical explanations, have created with the purely practical, a prejudice against such inquiries, as invincible &< it is unworthy of sensible men. Yet it will not be denied, in this case that we know as much of vegetable as w< know of animal life. Anatomy may be termed an exact science; it is to a greai extent matter of sensible observation anc measurement; but the operations in the human organism, which are strictly vital, are altogether undisclosed. We know . in truth as much how the stems an<i I . - i < f a J. % A I leaves ana iruu are iormea ana periecieu ?8 we know how the food, which we receive, is converted into blood, and serum, and bile, and muscle, and fibre, and tendon, and bone; and we know no more, Shall we despair of going further ? By no means. There seems, indeed, in this case, to be a limit of enquiry; an impan. sable barrier, where human sagacity and inquisitiveness are at once repelled ; th*3 darkness is intense before, above, and around U9, and the mere rush-light, which we hold out to guide us, serves no purpose but to render this darkness visible. Shall we then be discouraged in all attempts at further advancement ? Not at all. I t may be indeed that we reached the end of our line ; and that, until new endow, mentsare bestowed, the mind can soar nc h igher in its flight. But with equal, nay, with much more reason may we suppose, that the cause of failure is not so much attributable to the limitation or impo/? ? A ft ll .. tence ot our faculties to proceed turtner, as to the imperfection or error of our modes of approach and inquiry. The philosophical mind, valuing truth and knowledge as the highest of all attain, ments, will never rest satisfied with pres ent acquisitions; will regard that which is conceivable as knowab/e ; like a vigi. lant and skilful officer before a beseiged fortress, whose direct approach is precluded, will be continually seeking some private or concealed mode of access; or, like tne man in the Scriptures knocking at his neighbor's door at midniffht. and O ? D I hoping presently to be heardf or bis importunity. The immense imporrance and value ol knowledge in this case no sensible man can doubt. If knowledge and science are useful in any art or science are useful in art or department of business, why should they not be in agriculture, an arl which involves many others, and which in its success combines the influence and operation of more elements than any other? It is well ascertained that certain plants will grow only in certain situation.1and under certain circumstances; thai different soils have different properties prejudicial to the growth of some plants favorable to the perfection of others ; ii some cases distinguished by an cxhuber ont fertility, in others by an almost incurable barreness, but yet in most cases capable of modification, remedy or im provement; that the operation of variou. measures is various ; and that their eili j i_ im iujui^ uepeuua upun uiou w? dition, preparation, or modes of applica tion. It is equally well ascertained, thai by some modes of cultivation, double the produce is obtained under a differen cultivation, double the produce is obtain ed on the same land, at the same time placed under a progressive improvement It is ascertained that by the applicatior of gypsum, or soda or ualt, or various ani mal substances, an extraordinary produc tiveness follows, and the crops are oftei trebled and quadrupled. How shall we . pretend^ then there is not here the most , ample room tor the application of science t in the resolution of these remarkable facts i and in profiling by these remarkable f means for the improvement of the soil I and the increase of its productiveness?? 1 ? Separate however, from the obvious utilr ity of such inquiries, it is difficult to con. i . ceive ot subjects more interesting to a ( . philosophical curiosity than all those . connected with animal or vegetable life I and growth ; for what in nature is more ) wonderful than the birth and progress of < t a human being, or the germination of a 1 . dried seed and its advancement to the 1 * perfection of its uses and fruits? i There are besides grounds of encour. 1 1 agemcnt in this case, which the philo. i sophical mind will appreciate. In the > ordinary course of nature there isnosuch \ . thing as accident or miracle. As far as j t man's sagacity has penetrated into the i material world,?and of the spiritual . world, we know nothing but by divine , revelation,?All the phenomena of nature J t are foi|nd to proceed upon fixed princi- ! * pies and laws, and to be the results of * nicely established and well balanced, com- ' pounded, and adjusted influence and i forces. Many of these operations man ' F is capable of imitating, and the most ex. traordinary results are obviously at his r command. We cannot have a doubt, ? therefore, that the most recondite as well { I as the most operations of nature are all , the results of established principles and i t laws; Many of these laws we have ul- i ready ascertained, and they are of daily I application and use in the common busi- J ' nessoflife. How much further we may | ? proceed in this discovery of them, time 1 only can tell As yet we have only pla- 1 * ced our foot on the firat step of the thres. hold. It is not an idle nor criminal ? presumption to seek to penetrate further 5 into the temple of nature, until perhaps - we may nach the Holy of Holies, where ( I the Creator sits enthroned in his effulI won/to ond whnrA wa mav adorn him in I ^WIIW| MIIW ?? w ? W j ? , > the full blaze of truth. t North American Review. r ? I From the American Farmer. I Patent Office, July 10,1841. The medicinal qualities of tomatoes , ( having greatly increased their cultivation, , and every new preparation of the ar. , tide is deserving of consideration. A . sample ??tomato figs" have just been de. , posited at the Patent Office, of a very su- j , perior quality. From the taste I should | suppose all the good qualties of the fruit were retained. In appearance the drum . | of tomatoes resembles one of figs so nearly : , that they might easilv be mistaken for ( . the same. < ' i * I The sample is deposited by Mrs. Steiger, j ; of this city, and the recoipt transmitted I ; with it, is enclosed for publication. It is < | deeply to be regretted that since the pe. ' , riodicals of the day are open to communi. ' mnrtv vnlnnlilo imnrnvP. I I > VailUUOf M|U? KT** IIIUIIJ m WIUMOIW aivvvi v.w( ments are lost to the world barely for the ' , want of publicity. Others may have dried the tomatoes with a recipe, however less successful. , Very respectfully, H. L Elsworth. Take six pounds of sugar to one peck I i for 16 lbs.) of the fruit. Scald and re. t I move the skin of the fruit in the usual i , way. Cook them over a fire, their own < juice being sufficient without t e addition ' i of water, until the sugar penetrates and ( . they are clarified. They are then taken | I out, spread on dishes, and dried in the ! . sun. A small quantity of the syrup i should be occasionally sprinkled over thom whilst drvinsr: after which, pack ; p ?- ? - o ? | r them down in boxes, treating each layer , I with powdered sugar. The syrup is af- e . forwards concentrated and bottled for | use. They keep well from year to year, t F and retain surprisingly their flavor, which i is nearly that of the best quality of fresh s figs. The pear shaped or single tomatoes I I answer the purpose best. Ordinary brown < - sugar may be used, a large portion of ' t which is retained in the syrup. | Value of ashes. * Professor Jackson, in one of his lec- ' til res in Boston, in illustrating the man- 1 I i ner in which soils might he rendered fer- { ' tile, said that?'A farm within knowledge 1 k f f blowing sand or pine barren, and almost ' hopeless, on which ten bushels of corn to ' ? the acre could scarcely be grown by the ? judicious application of ashes, had been made to produce forty and fifty bushels to : the acre. We do not question the corrci.tness of Dr. Jackson's statement. Our observatio n has convinced us that on sandy soil, with the exception of clay marl, ' there is nothing more beneficial in the ap- 1 plication to such soils than ashespand very 1 fortunately, unless uncommon quantities of acid exists is such soils, leached are ncai|y as henefiicial as unicached ones.? Ashes do what lime cannot?they render * the t oil more aenacious of moisture, and " althtkilirh 111 or n nfinn to no nvAmnf Af I I Ulliiwugil bUVII UVVIUU IO UUl aO pi Uliipv VI ? effic ient on cold sour soils, they are for the veason Assigned considered as valuable 1 on light sandy ones- Of this fact, the farmers of Long Island and New Jersey are well aware, and in the gatheriug and application of ashes find a certain apurce of profit. A GOOD SIZED TtTBNIP. A late English paper says there is a turnip now in possession of a clergyman near Fackenham, Norfolk county, which weighs eightv.four pounds, and girths five feet two inches i It was grown in Maria Island, Van Dieman's land, and was sent to England carefully packed in ?trong brine.?When first taken from the earth, it weighed 92 pounds! PRESERVING EGGS. A Mr. Jayne, of Yorkshire, England, obtained a patent for the following receipt, for preserving eggs, which we think wor. thy of trial: One bushel of quick lime, 82 ounces of salt, 8 ounces of cream of tartar. Mix the same tpgether with as much water as will reduce the comDosition to zonsistency that an egg when put into it, will swim. It is said eggs have been kept in this way, sound for two years. SPECIMEN OF FEMALE INDUSTRY. We were shown yesterday, five beautiful silk shawls, made of double and twisted sewing silk, which in texture, weight an** :olor, will compare with any India Shawls af the same material. Four of them were a yard square, and the other, black, about a yard and a half square. The twist wa9 even and free from all knots, ind the whole skillfully and beautifully put together. We take pride in the fact that they were made by a iady, and a native of Georgia. They are the hand work of Mrs. Oliver W. Cox, of Henry County, Georgia, who raised the worths, reeled and twisted the silk, and knotted the shawls. She is a pattern of female 3kill and industry to her sex, which if generally imitated, will be the means of makibg the fair of Georgia as useful as they are attractive, and help-racets in very deed to their husbands. While speaking of domestic industry, we saw yesterday our friend Burton of the Hazard District, in this county, dressed in a full suit of domestic Nankin, scarcely distinguishable from the article of Pekin. He raised the cotton, his wife and daughters carded and spun it, his wife wove the cloth, and cut-out and made the coat, pantaloons and vest. Here is an example of good housewifery deserv. ing of imitation.?Macon Messenger, 22d July. BONE DUST. An agriculturist, rendered attentive tc tha vast importance of bones for manure. instituted privately some comparative experiments; the results of which prove, thai bone dust acts in the cultivation of ground, is compared to the best stable manure, 1st. In respect to the quality of grain, as 7 to 5. 2nd. In respect to quantity, as 5 to 4. 3rd. In respect to the durability )f the energy of soils, as 3 to 2. It proluces several collateral advantages. 1st. [t destroys weeds. 2nd. It diminishes :he necessity of fallow-crops. 3rd. This concentrated manure, or substitute] for manure, is more easy of conveyance, less aboriotis to spread, and can with facility je applied to the steepest lands, in very lilly countries, or in wet meadow lands 1th. It renders agriculture practicable vithout cattle breeding, grazing, &c. Mark Lane Express. Rare Species of Stock. We yesterday iad the pleasure of beholding an article in he stock line, entirely new to us, and, ve believe such as would be new to every >ne who has never travelled the native and of the animal. This was a species >f wild hog, which is a native of the lorthern. or mountaneous region of Mcxco where these were caught. They are five n number, all of a color, and of that cuious, indescribable color, called "thunder ind lightning," each hair and hristle be. ng alturnately black and white to the lumber of three and four alternation of each color. The tip end of every hair is >lack, with the exception of hair around he neck, the end * Of which are white.? rhey are all precisely of the same color, rhe proprietor has brought them on here for the purpose of introducing them into common use among our farmers, and informed us that he would dispose of three )f them, and he says that the product this ,-pecies, whon crossed with the common >tock, is a material improvement upon joth as they are both more thrifty, and cquire less susienance man our common ?wine, while at the same time the flesh is even more delicious than the common. The taste of the native hog has a sensible approach to that of bear meat# They ire well worthy the trouble of a mile's waIk to look at. They may lie seen at No. 34, corner of Main and Elm street.? St. Louis Republican. Foul Ant in Stables.?The follow, ing fact, which we copy from the Farmer's Cabinet, was also communicated to us ; and believing it to possess interest for the owners of horses, we hasten to lay it before our readers. It should be rememher that the plaster by being incorporated - - .L -4 I J. iL. with the manure, is worm ai leasi mree times its cost.?Germqntovm Tel, "At the last meeting of the Philadelphia Agricultural Society, a member drew the attention of the company to the fact established by Liebig, in his lata work, Organic Chemistry, that plaster of Paris (gypsum) has the property absorbing volatile ammonia; and urged upon all those who toepp. stock, the very airopie mode by which their stables could be rendered per. fectly sweet, healthy and inodorous, mere* ly by scattering abroad about a bushel of the pulverised gypffum per month on the floors, by which means the complaints '* . and evils arising from the stench of con* fined stables?weak eyes, dec., would be prevented, the gypsum used being rendered far more vaiuble by such application, for the purpose of manure. He also very judiciously remarked, that the hay ana fodder which are generally deposited over our horses, their stables must become greatly contaminated by^the penetrating effluoiaof ammonia arising from the urine, , which might be remedi jd by the applica* tion above recommence 1." THE WOBUBNfl. , 4 A correspondent of the New York Spirit of the Times, accompanies a cut of a Woburn boar with the following remarks: This animal was imported, from Wo. born, in England, and is considered by many judges of stock, to be the finest specimen of swine in the United States. Two members of the Committee, to award prizes on stock at the last Fair of the American Institute, informed me since that they considered him a perfect animal, and could not point out a fault. By the way, these two gentlemen, are not interested in any particular breed of swine. His measurement at 22 months old, was 7 feet 8 inches long, 6 feet 2 inches in girth, and 2 feet 81-2 inches high; and he was supposed to weigh nearly seven hundred pounds. From the great difficulty of obtaining , swine of this breed in England, few have been imported, and they are not extensively known in this country. The Complete Grazier, <(a work on live ' stock, published in London) says of the Wobprn breed, "This is a new variety, introduced by the late Duke of Bedford; i its size is large, and color various. These i swine are well formed, hardy, kindly disr posed1 to tatten, attaining nearly twice the ! size and weight of other hogs, in a given i period of time." Ree's Cyclopaedia describes them as "a 1 harHir urall frtrmAst nrnlifin oArt riainff ? Muau^y ? ?w? iMWf j/?wi???v vvi*| quickly to a large weight." An importation of Woburn swine wasihade several years since to Long Island, > and they were nearly all destroyed by the: , burning of the barn in which they were kept. A gentleman in Connecticut had obtained some of that stock, and not know, ing the name of the breed, called, them > Norfolk thin rind; they have been crossed with native stock, and are very celebrated in that section of the country. One was slaughtered last fall, fourteen months old, which weighed, when dressed, 480 pounds. The steward of the Duke of Bedford, last spring informad Captain Morgan, of the London line of Packets, that the Woburn hogs became so fat as to be objectionable on that account.. . In this country, where Indian corn is used for making pork fat and solid, instead of barley and buckwheat, the objection of the Duke's steward does not hold gone, and if any farmer does not prefer fat hog*, he is welcome to propagate the Landpike, and- Alligator sort. If any of the readers of your paper, wish to obtain any pigs of the pure Woburn breed, they are referred to my ad* vcrtisemcnt in your columns. A considerable number Of this stock have been forwarded to some of the Southern States, ana have given great saiuittciion. CHARLES STARR, Jsu Mendhara, N. J. August. 1841. From the National Intelligencer. To the Iiouse d)f Representatives of the United States: It is with extreme regret that I feel myself constrained, by the duty faithfully to execute the office of President of the United States, and to the best of my ability " to preserve, protect, and defend the Constitution of the United States." toreturn to the Hcuse, in which it originated, the bill to provide for the better collection, fiafa lraartinor. And dislinrsamanf r?f tha | r??' ? public revenue, by means of a corporation to be styled the Fiscal Corporation of the United States," with my written objections. In my message sent to the Senate on the 16th day of August last, returning the bill "to incorporate the subscribers to the Fiscal Bank of the United States" [distinctly declared that ray own opinion had been uniformly proclaimed to be against the exercise M of the power of Congress to create a National Bank to operate per se over the Union;" and, entertaining that opinion, my main objection to that bill was based upon the highest moral and rAhiorimis nKlimtionit nf conscience and the Constitution. I readily admit, that whilst the qualified veto with which the Chief Magistrate is invested should be' regarded, and was intended by the wise men who made it a part of the Constitution, as a good conttrvative principle of our system, without the exercise pf which, ! on important occasions, a mere representative majority may urge the Government. | in its legislation beyond the limits fixed! by its framers, or might exert its jost