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" 'Vv:K v "* * mm (QWEihiLW nmmimwiisiEm* i ? ? - ' gg?? VOLUME VI. CHERAW. SOUTH-CAROLINA, WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 1,1841. NUMBER 4* By M.MAC LEA If. Ti?m'Published weekly it three doltare a year; with an addition, when not paid within three month*, of twenty per cent per annum. Two new subscribers inay take the paper at fire dollar* in advance; ana ten at twenty. Four subscribers, not receiving their paper* in town, may pay a year's subscription with ten dollar*, in advance. A year's subscription always due in advance. Papers not discontinued to tolvetU subscribers in arrears. Adoertuement* not exceeding 16 lines inserted r one dollar the first time, and fiflv cents each nbsequent time. For insertions at interval* of two weeks 75 cents afler the first, and a dollar if the intervals are longer. Payment due in advance for advertisements. When the number f insertions is not marked on the copy, the drcrtiwuneut will bo iaoerted, and cbargod til rdered out. O" The pootage must bo paid on letterslo the oditor on tho business of the office. From the Albany Cultivator. PROPER TIME or CUTTING WHEAT. The period of maturity mast proper in every respect for the cutting of wheat has long been a subject of discussion ? So long as wheat was thrashed by hand, it was found necessary to let it ripen fully, or the loss io thrashing would exceed the gain from any other source; but since machines have been generally introduced, ^ this difficulty has passed away, and the ^ question placed on other grounds. It is now, how does early cutting affect the weight and quantity of grain and the qua!, ity of flour, as compared with that har* vested at a later period? Many experi. ments have been made to test and settle thin matter, but the best and most satis, factory are have seen, are those detailed in the last No, of the Q. J. of Agriculture made by Mr. Hanoam, of Yorkshire, an intelligent and able farmer. Mr. Hannam selected for his experiment a field of the old xquareheaded red reheat, and on the 4th of August, 1840, cut a sheaf.? Both straw and ears were green and full of sap. The grain was perfectly formed, but the chaff adhered firmly to it, and it was bo soft and full of milk, that the lightest pressure reduced the whole to a pulp. This sheafstood in the field a fort, night, when it was housed, and the same 1 day, August 18th another cut. In this the wheat was not ripe, but what is called "ratfl." The straw for a foot from the 1 ground ww y^Uow, and abovq tbat, < though to appearance green, still was taming yellow. The grain though still < aft and masheo easily, was not near so \ Mt-fftaid or milk as before. At the I end of a fortnight this sheaf was housed, | and September I, or the same day another , was cut This last sheaf was ripe, the , fcraw uniformly yellow, but not so ripe as to have the heads break, or grain fall 1 out and the end of a fortnight this was also housed. Each sheaf was carefully preserved, and Anally thrashed and the chaff separated, by itself. The gross weight was ascertained by an accurate balance, as was that of a Axed measure, and an equal number of the grains. The result wasas follows, the experiment of weighing beiwg several tunes repeated to prevent error: Time of Gross Equal Equal no. cutting. produce, measure, of grains. Aug. 1, (verygn.) *76 <566 19 3 4. Aug. 16. (raw) 716 5NU 23 1-4. Sept. I, (ripe,) 650 570 221-4. 100 straw* of an equal length were then selected from each of the bundles, and weighed as follows: Green 550 Raw , 475 Ripe 450 To ascertain the actual value of each quality, samples of .each were exhibited to an exteosive wheat grower, and then put into the hands of a factorand miller, to know what they would give. The opinion of the grower and the miller was as below:? Value per qua. by Value per qua. by the wheat grower. the miller. Green 61s 61s. Raw 64s 63s. Ripe 62s 62*. ft appears from these experiments that the "raw" wheat had the advantage over the ripe" in every respect? 1st, weight of gross produce, 13 1-5 perct. 2d, weight equal measure 1-2 44 3d, weight equal number of grains, 2 1-5 44 4th, in quality and value, 3 1-4 44 6th, in weight of straw, 5 44 The "ripe" had the advantage over the "green" in every respect hut that of the straw, in which the green had an advantage of 22 per cent. Mr. Hannam estimates the comparative value of the whole crop on an acre of each kind as follows: Green ?11 11 10 Raw 13 7 3 Ripe 12 17 3 Our readers will judge of these experi. ments for themselves; but we must add, there are other considerations of great weight in favor of cutting wheat before it is "dead ripe." These, more time for securing the crop ; less waste in harvesting from the shelling of the grain ; and a better quality of straw, a thing of no snwU consequence where it is us cjtcp. I sively used for feeding stock, as in our b wheat growing districts. It is also the ci opinion of millers, we believe universally, aj that early cut grain makes far better b flour than that which becomes fully ripe K before cutting. It is probable the same ri facts would hold good of barley, rye, oats, le &c., and it would 9eem desirable that si farmers should ascertain these points, as d> small profits, or small losses, in the ag. r< gregate, are the things that make, or ruin, hi the .cultivator of the soil. w There is a great waste by many in har. a vesting grain from using bad implements, not paying attention to putting it up prop, erly in the field when cut, and performing all parts of the work in a slovenly and unfarmerlike manner. There is a vast deal of wheat and other grain, put into the barn or stack after rains, or before the straw or green matters the sheaves may Jj contain are cured, in such a state that c< the centra] parts of the sheaf heat, mold ^ and become nearly rotten. The result is bad wheat, musty and poor flour, all ^ which might be avoided by care in the & several processes through which the crop si passes. at From the Farmers' Advocate. n IMPROVING LAND WITH OATS. ^ Science Grove, Davidson Co, N, C, ) . July 23, 1841. ) ei Mr. Editor? Vn extract quoted in No. M 7 of the Farmer's Advocate, has called m forth this communication, as a verification fa of the principle there held forth: the ai application of oats as a paramount and vi- M tai restorative of the soil, where it has w received the matricidal poinard of the ? land killer to its heart; enabling it, phce- di nix like, to spring forth in virgin beau- ^ ty, even from the ashes of its own de- 'u struction. Jj Clover has long been celebrated for its fertilizing properties. Oats has not, as ^ yet, had such strong recommendation in ^ its favor; yet nevertheless I think when m its properties, as such, have become suffi- ?? ciently known, and tested, if it does not $( gain an equal footing, it will become a fii vice-clover, as a renovator of the soil. I w< will state my theory and support it with br em experiment, and leave the reader to gt iraw his own inference. y< j , So# vour Gi rats at the common time, ana in ine asuat ~ manner, only, sow something like a half ^ bushel more seed to the acre, and after ? they are plowed or harrowed in as the case may he, roll the ground with a light rj, roller. Let it stand until about two ^ thirds of the grain in the head is ripe. Then roll it down, and double plow it ar under, taking care that the point of the th gouge reaches ten inches below the sur- re face*. Roll the ground as before. (Not m that I think that after rolling benefits fur- th ther than this,?it renders the surface in a hi situation for all the oats to be rolled down when required. I suppose it fur- w ther renders service, by keeping the ele- 18 vated ridges left by the plow from exces- 8 sive evaporation.) Let it lay until about ^ two weeks before you wish to sow your ^ wheat; t en roll down the oats, and (j| again double, plow them under as before ; sow your wheat and harrow it in, and I'll ^ warrant you an advance of at least 100 y per cent on your wheat crop, independent ^ of its future benefit; which will doubtless fc exceed that of the wheat crop. b( I will now relate my experiment.? w About the first of July 1840, I selected g< 1 *~-l nnlnt in AIM ?f TT1V Oat W a very eicrmcu pui... ... ?..w fields to make an experiment. I mens, fi ured off a quarter of an acre and double al plowed the oats under, and let it remain until two weeks before to sow my wheat. ^ I then double plowed the young sward of 81 oats under, and harrowed my wheat in.? . The rest of the field I fallowed by double jj plowing, and put it in at the same time I ^ did the oat patch, (for so I termed my ex. 5 perimental piece.) At harvest I cradled c the experiment piece to itself, and also, a M quarter of an acre lying by the side of it, si to test the experiment; off the oat patch, a I saved 13 dozen of wheat, which would t! average 3 bushels to the 100 sheaves; and e off the test quarter 1 saved 7 doz. which n would not make more than 2 3-4 bushels 8 to the 100; making an advance of 100 * per cent, on the experimental piece. A profit not to be spurned at. Unavoida. ble circumstances prevented me from [ threshing it out seperately and testing the experiment by a non dobiotu rule, though ( I have not an earthly doubt, that if it had been tested by threshing, it would have increased the assumed advance in favor of the oat system. The system appears excellent in every point of view for a wheat crop; the wheat is sown in the first stratum of man. j ure, formed by the first crop of oats, which furnish an abuundant store of no. tritive matter for the upper class of roots , of the wheat; the under set, receive their nourishment from the Inst crop of oats while in its state of decomposition, which renders them an equal quantity ofvcgeta. * Land should uevor be plowed deeper than the soil unless the manure applied at the time is sufficient to convert into soil or loam the earthturneq up."::i; le matter as the first does to the upper ft lass; and preserves the crop as secure b gainst drought, as though it received the ^ enefit of the Egyptian reservoirs of the *' liie. But gentle reader make the expe- * ment if ye list, for yourself, and then at ^ sisure draw your own inference, If I have ^ iggested a plan, whereby you at a future tj ay, may with pleasure look over your s| ^novated fields and luxuriant crops, I r< ave then gained the summit of my p ishes, and the most lofty eminence of * i y ambition. tl I have the honor to be o your fellow citizen W. P. RICHARDS. d U PXICE8 OP SHOBT HORNED DURHAM*. ii It has been predicted for many years, si lat the time would come when the o ilendid, large, square, short horned Dur* n ami would not sell for more than the si ? ? -I a! a _ I a aI J immon scruos 01 me country ; nut me u iy has not yet arrived, and never will. The t! urhams are infinitely more valuable f b sefand milk than any scrubs we have tl sen, and why it should be thought they t\ lould command no higher prices, is uo* tl :countably strange. It is true, the de. p mgements in money matters has caus* a 1 a decrease in the price of every thing, tl id of course cattle of all kinds have fal- si n with the balance of property. How* tl rer, there have been some respectable tl ties the present year in this vicinity, y [r. Wait sold a sucking calf this spring 1 f 9300, a two year old heifer for 9425, v id a three year old heifer for 9460. tl [ixed bloods and inferior Durhams, tl ould not command those prices. In d ngland, where the best cattle are pro* fi iced, the prices are much better than in g lis country. The English know the va* t< e of good stock, as the public sales will ft stify. In the Afark Lane Express of 1< ay 10th. published in London, there is ti i account of a " splendid sale of Short o orns" by Afr. Wetherell, the property tl ' Mr. Robinson, wKich shows what esti* si ate the English put upon fine stock, u Taglioni," a cow five years old, brought ai >0 guineas; calculating a guineas at fi re dollars of our currency, the amount b ould be one thousand dollars. u Afali* tl an," a single cow, sold for three hundred tineas, or about 91500, and for her >ung bull calf 100 guineas were refused, i sinima brought 190 gs. ; Peeres, 85 I guineas; Nonesuch 65 guineai/Jfcc^- W The principal purchasers were?Lord tl umingfield, W. G. Hayter Esq., J. W. p* igge, Esq., and T. A. Green, Esq. 11 lie prices show that it is scarcely prob* 8' ile many animals will be imported into a I ?. if A. A e United States soon,ana it is sumciem ?' gumentto show, that the farmers of n is country shonld use every exertion to li ar the best stock. There are indeed * any arguments tor Tenneseeans to turo " eir attention to stock farming. Cotton ? is measurably failed, and as for tobacco, A U morally wrong to encourage it; it ? ill exhaust much of our land, and what ? still worse, it is by no means probable n bor will be repaid for cultivating it. tl lost herbage plants flourish finely in g ennesee, and we can always find a cer- d * 0 , tin market for what stock would pro* ? ice. We do not expect to live to see p le day when the best of animals will not ii ring good prices for breeders alone. ^ /hen me speak of breeders, we do not d lean every animal should be turned out h >r this purpose. The best alone should f e used. The noble Durhams have al- a ays been much injured, by turning out * nod, bad, and indifferent for breeders ; I hen in fact, if out of 20 bull calves, we t nd one which will barely do to keep, we I re lucky. The Berkshire hogs will soon i e much injured by turning out every 1 ung as a breeder. The English have i icceoded better than all the world, in i 31ecting the beet for breeders and keep- i ig them well, and we must follow the I K&mpie, to get the character of scientific < reeders. In addition to rearing for < reeders, we should make at least, butter I heese, and beef for home consumption, 1 rhich we have never done, and then we < houldhave something to send to our I outhcrn friends, who will never produce ' beir own eatables. These facts clearly vince to us, that this must be a farming, ' tot a -planting country, and that good 1 tock will always bring fair price. We I hink the farmer who now has first-rate ireeders, of either cattle, sheep, or bogs. < von Id act foolishly to sell tbem at reduced < >rices, and we as firmly believe it would ' >e very unwise for the fat mer who has in- ! iifferent scrub siock, to refuse selling at my price, when he has an offer. The Agriculturist for August. From the Cultivator. ENGLISH TURNIPS. The common turnep. usually called the English or flat turnep, to destinguish it, from the Swedish or rata bagn, is a valuable root, and better adapted to the table than any other turnep, and is consequently deserving a place on every farm.? There are many varieties, of which the Norfolk and Globe are as productive as any. while some of the smaller kinds, among which the long turnep holds a prominent place, ore best for cooking. The soil best calculated for the turnep is a rich mould abounding injmatter, and newly cleared lands arc found admirably adapted to their growth, the soil being usually ee from weeds, and the ashes made by uruing being one of the best dressings mt can be applied to turneps. Where ich lands are not to be had, old grass ma carefully turned over and rolled, and ten the surface made line by repeated arrowings, for the reception of the seed, re found to produce good turneps. If ie soil is not rich, good compost manure bould be spread on the surface and har> jvred in, but as old grass laods in richness artake somewhat of the quality of new ?ils, manuring is rarely necessary, and in ie decaying sward the vigorous tap root f the turnep finds ample nourishment. Turneps may be sown broadcast or filled, the latter being the preferable ray; and if a little bone dust or poudrette i drilled 'in with the seed, the plants tart more vigorously, and are sooner out f the way of their most formidable ene. ly, the fly. There is usually far more ?ed sown than is necessary, if equally istributed* aod to facilitate this mixing le seed with ashes or sand is practised y many farmers. English writers state ue quantity of seed required per acre at wo pounds* but we know by experience lat one-half this quantity of good seed on roper soil is hotter than the whole* and 'ere the distribution perfect* one-fourth lis quantity or half a pound would fully sed an acre. It is better*however, to err on le safe side, and sow too much* rather lan too little seed* as if too thick the oung plants may be hoed or pulled out. 'he proper time of sowing will of course, ary with the (attitude. In New.York, le best time has been found to be from le 20th to the 27th of July; in the midle and southern parts of Pennsylvania* rom the last of July to the middle of Auust; aod in Verginia, from the middle ) the last of August is presrred. The turnep* when grown on land >ng cultivated, is apt to have the butb aticked by the worm* but in virgin soils, r those rarely subjected to cultivation, lis evil does not attend them. Dresings of soot and ashes have been found seful when they are attacked by the fly, nd in any event such dressings operate ivorably on the plant and may therefore e beneficially employed when there is le least reason to apprehend danger. [From the Albany Cultivator.] THIS PEACH?IMPORTANT EXPERIMENT. Messrs. Gaylord dt Tucker.-?In the WTPt* to Judge Buel. le Peach Tree with Salt Petre, and pioosed to give the result through the medim of the Cultivator to the public. I ave as my reason for that request; that i far as my observation extended, I had I ways observed that on soils containing itre and muriatic of soda* the Peach tree vea luxuriantly to an advanced age* 'hile upon soils immediately adjoining* ninature decay takes place, and the tree eldom attains the age of seven years.? la instancesjin vindication of this occuring o frequently, I have been astonished to ee them passed ever without notice, and ow advert to some of them to establish tie truth of this position. Peach trees rowing in the site where once stood a welling, generally live to an old age, the oil of which, by analysis, will give a proortion of nitre. The same thing occurs 11 many districts of the West and South Vest; upon one farm the occupant has no lifficulty in having good peaches, while lis neighbor finds it a laborious task to irolong the life of the tree to a few years, ind on igell cultivated farms near the teaboard, I have been informed, they lave but little difficulty in growing (his ree. Having these and other instances or my guidance, I commenced experinents with salt and saltpetre, in the year 1836, upon an orchard six years old; clo. rer was sowed upon it that spring, and it emained in grass till Inst fall, when it vas ploughed and sown wheat, and clover his spring. The trees in *36 were full >f worms; some of the trees were dead, >thers apparently dying, and but very *1 ^rkaoltli mmh few pUl on MC appeuian^c VI UVttliU | WW was its distempered condition that some :>f my friends advised me to cut down a? bout one-half of these that yet showed life, saying that such was the practice ol Peach growers. I thought it would be a bad practice for a physician to destroy one or more of a family to prevent disease from spreading, and after cutting dowr those that were dead, I commenced operations on the balance with equal quantities of salt and salt petre combined, applying about a half a pound upon the surface and in contact with the trunk of the tree; then sowed it broadcast over part of the orchard, at the rate of about two bushel; per acre. The result of this applicatior to the surprise of my friends, was the ap pearanc of perfect health, white new anc ^ r..n _r r.?;t vigorous shoots, tne ireesiuu ui which matured with increased size ant improved flavor. Towards the last o March, and again in May and September 1837,1 applied the same ingredients ir different proportions without observing much difference in the effect; though I have since thought that where I applie< the salt petre alone, and where the larges portion of the mixture was nitre, the effec ??oo Koa?. hut in ronseauence of the pric< UCT UUUI I _ _ _ "1 of salt petre, I have endeavored to ascer tain the smallest quantity that should b< used, and I would not advise leas thai one-eighth, though I should prefer one fourth, or more. My trees this fall (1837, $ '* were free from worms, all doing well, tod I r have found no further use for the axe in f the orchard. In the year 1638,1 applied o the mixtnre to a part of my orchard in f March, the other part received the appli a cation in June and September; upon that c part done in March, I had an abundance p of fruit, while those done in the 6th and 'J 8th months were comparatively destitute b of fruit, it having been killed by a late t frost. It occured to me that I was indeb. e ted to the salt, &c., for the abundance of c fruit on the trees done in March, by its t retarding vegetation : and from au exper. ( iment made in *77, it appeared to be the I case, though I have never considered it ] of sufficient importance to repeat it for the ] purpose of testing it further. t In regard to the best time to make this r application, I would say about the first of , April, and to those trees having worms i in them again in June or September, as t the appearance of the worm may indicate i its necessity, using about two?thirds of the usual quantity for the June or Sep. ? tember dressing, and to be used only in i contact with the trunk of the tree. 1 j have not discovered any great benefit ] from sowing it broadcast over the orchard * ??f<?. tn J/v (kio attar v a PI*, i every year j i prcici iw uu ?.VI^ .vvond or third year. If the tree is injured < very much by the worm, to wash the bark | of the trunk with a ablution of this mix* . ture, and water might be of service, be* < ing careful not to apply too much ; this i should not prevent its application in pow* dered state. To my trees planted in the i fall and spring, I apply as soon as done ( planting in the spriog about one ounce upon the surface, in contact with the trunk of the tree, and repeat this quantity , again early in June or September, the Peach'worm at these two last periods-being in their infancy, are destroyed*1 In August, after one application of this mixture to my young trees in the spring, I havo taken several worms from off the outr bark of a tree, bedded in gum, they have punctured it in a number of places, but did not penetrate to do any injury to the inner bark, while the next tree left without the above mixture was nearly des* troyed, the inner bank being eaten for more than two-thirds around the tree. It might be supposed that the salt and salt petre would produce instantaneous death, hut this is not the case ; I have kept them half covered in a solution of salt and water, and salt petre and water, and in these two articles combined for several hours its approach, and will not remain ft it no* less compelled by necessity. In compliance with the promise heretofore made, I have endeavored to give in a brief manner my practice on the Peach tree for five years, from which I have no reason to make a change, but many inducements for a continuance of the practice. If you consider it sufficiently important for publication, it is at your disposal, and if any benefit should arise therefrom, be assured it would be the highest reward for any service of mine that could be tendered to, dear sirs, your obedient servant, LYTTLETON PHYSIC. Ararat Farm, CjciI county, Maryland. July, 6, mu Extract from the proceeding of the Newberry Agricultural Society. After some time spent in the cxamination of stock, the Society was called to order by the President, John benmn O'Neall, the minutes of the last meeting were read by the Secretary. The reports of Committees were called for: Messrs. Tnos. Montgomery, Peter Hair, ana John P. Neall, made several reports on the planting, cultivation and gathering of Cotton. Messrs. Wk. Counts, Nathan Whitmire, and Nathan A. Humter made several reports on the selection of seeds, planting and cultivation of corn. Messrs. John B. 0'Neall, and George Boozer made several reports on the selec* tion of seed, sowing harvesting and clean, ing of Wheat. The committee on Oats, asked and obtained leave to report at the ' next meeting. Mr. George Boozer I made a report on the planting, cultivation I and preservation of Potatoes. Mr. John Caldwell made a report on the planting and gathering of a crop 1 of Peas. Dr. John N. Herndon, from the comi ' # mittee on Hogs, made a report, on the im* 1 portance, the best breed, and the best mode of rearing hogs. The committees on J Horses, Mules and Cattle were not pre* ' pared with reports, and asked and obtain* ed further time. Mr. M. M. Higgins, from the commit, tee on Sheep, presented a report upon the means of keeping up a stock of 1 sheep. j The committees on Premiums, were called on for reports, j Y. J. Harrington, Esq., on Mules, . reported and awarded the 1st premium to Wm. E. Hardy, and the '2nd to Mr. ' John Gaskins, assigning as the reason 1 of preference between these two* tb.it Mr. [ Hardy's was the largest. , Walter Herbert, Esq., from the committee on Hogs, reported and awarded nromiittto frt NaTHAN A. HUNTER. for 1 the best hog under 12 month* old, which ? weighed 170 pound*, and to Nathan A. Huxtkk, for the beat pair of pigs, each e weighing 50 lbs. 1 Dr. Pktkk Mctqiv, from the committee ? on Cattle, reported arnd awarded the priie ' for the hest cow. to Ada* Sukmeis, his '' v. r 'v ? ' - 1 ' . * xm ^ ad and white three years old, three* Mirths Durham, being adjudged the best ut of the many fine ones exhibited.? or the best calf, they awarded the prelium to Thos. Montgomery, bis boll* alf three months old, was selected for the rize. on account of its size and beauty* The fine full blooded yearlings exhibited y Wm. Summers, were considered bjr he committee to be too old to be regard* d as calves. Geo. Kinard from the ommittee on colts, reported and awarded he 1st premium to the Hon. John B* )'Neall, for his sorrel colt, one year old ast May, by John Gidron, and the 2nd to Jr. Peter Moon, for his bay colt, by loanoak. The committee remarked hat these were selections " from a great nany fine colts exhibited by their owners, ind which reflect great credit upon them, ind promise a richer premium to them ;han any which the Committee can i ward." Mr. Wx. Summer, through his brother Adam Summex, presented and read a most interesting report on the Fruit Tree* in conformity to an appointment made last July, The Society, and citizens sndladia* who honored the occasion with their presence, partook of an excellent barbecue prepared by Nathaniel Huntie, washed down by the delightful beverage of cold water, furnished by the Academy spring; after dinner business was resumed. Mr. Wx, Summer, in compliance with an appointment, made last December,'read a most elaborate and valuable isahy g? Agriculture. ' # J'' The President then addressed the |b? ciety and the citizens present, and .extended an invitation to the people to he* come members. Many persons availed themselves of the opportunity and enrolled themselves. Temp. Adeo. ~ MR. CAMPBELL'S SPEECH. Speech of the Hon. John Campbell, of South Carolina, on the bill 'relating to Duties and Drawbacks. Delivered in the House of Representatives of the United States. July 26,1841. (Continued from last week.) I cannot say that I entertain great objections to the principles of the present bill, for, although it exempts from duty certain articles that are used in domestic manufactures, and thus may be consider. ed to make a discrimination ?j recogrnzCu'umG i-j it'iasiiyeepWwfcq as provided for by the act of 18Sf* commonly called the compromise act?-an act to which the State that I have the honor, in part, to represent, assented, and which brought peace to her then distracted counsels. How far it may be found uracticable to carry out the principle of home valuation, provided for in that act, consistently with that provision of the Constitution which prescribe* a uniformity of duties in all our porta, it b not necessary now to discuss. M Sufficient for the day is the evil thereof." I find upon this occasion a bill presented to my consideration, based upon revenue principles, which, if it becomes a law, will operate with aa much equality throughout the Union aa almost any tariff that can be devised, and trhich, upon its face, is not violative of the principles of the compromise act. But while in candor I ma'ce these admissions, I will ask gentlemen whether they regard it to be in accordance to the spirit of the Compromise act, which provides that no more money shall be raised from customs than shall be found necessary for an economical administration of the Government, to distribute a portion of the public revenue among the States, that the anticipated deficiency thereby, in part, created may be supplied by a tax upon our foreign commerce? The passage of this bill would probably have a considerable influence in promoting the passage of the land ! distribution bill through the Senate; and can I, while that bill is still pending, vote for the passage of Ibis, without appearing to give a sanction to the fraud, 1 do not - - - - ? say intentional fraud, which it is proposed to practise upon the People by distribu. ting a portion of the pubTic revenue among the States, not only at a time of acknowledged deficiency in the Treasury, hut when the credit of the Government is actually pledged to the amount of $17,000,000, to enable this Administration to conduct our finances?thus laying the foundation of a national debt, which will hereafter afford the irresistible argument of necessity for heavy dutie* upon our importations? The present bill is also liable to objections in its details, among the most prominent of which is the duty on eo4rso> 1 1 ' *? '? * L~I4 .11 Uuu kfl inKiimani t DI&PK6(9j lor l uuiu on isvT9 iv w iuh in their tendency, which unnecessarily in* crease the price of the necessaries of Hfo to the poor. The Tory early period, too, at which it is proposed that it shall go into. operation, is also an objection ; w our merchants b#w no dooht made arrangements for importations under the ^lilting laws, which will be made subject to t^ increase of duties proposed by this should it pass. * J?<u.i <u. m,u4 { 1 acKnowjecge Uim mc irtuu Ii^fuw^ ' be revised f for I do not believe ttyit eve* { with the proceeds of the public land*, the existing tariff will bf t'aaod without a great increase, of uwpfttta* to meet the jpnt| of the QwWWJi^' /'