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relieved bv pressure on 'he flanks; hot at other times ha evinced very great pain frwuj jiwssiirc. I viiv Iint it was all over \v:th h :iu a i? >?? I told ih-j owner. Tlic j horse died the same evening. On o;k"i ing him, I found i tumor IGIbs j in we.gbt, t e colon a jaeahng to it, ami j being twisted round it :ti throe places like 1 a c!a\v. It appeared to me to be an enlarged and diseased mesenteric eland.? ! 1 dess.cUd the tumor from the colon j with scarcely wo indiirg tho intestine.? I P. ; T.iere were two places at which the co- ; Ion was very much contracted; I hero were i.kewise inflamutorv spots upon the colon where it was twisted round the In- j nior. In every other part the intestines j were perfectly healthy. The weight ol ( tin* tumor and tiie contraction of the in- j testifies caused the oholickv pains by J the partial o!?lruction of the faeces which they contained. The tumor being removed from the in- i testines, ami cut through, mucli resembled a tuhcrculated Itng. It was formed of different cells containing pus, or a chccs. 1. ke matter and in a hard cartilaginous) substance, Some of the colls was as largo j as a duck's eg:*. The owner lie bought this horse war. i ^ i ranted sob rid, and she summoned the j man from whom she bought it, to return | the price she had paid. I was called i upon to give my opinion, whether the , horse was sound or unsound at the tim j of the sale. I could not for a moment ' hesitate in stating that it was absolutely ' impossible that a tumor so enormous j could have been formed in the short space j of eight days. I also mentioned that j the horse, before the time of sale, had J oil en cxhil) ted apparently colicky pains, j Mr Moore, veterinary surgeon at Hamilton, told me that he had attended this I horse during several months, nn 1 had ad- j vised his iinployer to sell it. II u did sell ; it at one of the Falkirk trysts, where it was bought by Mrs. Blnek. The price of the horse was leturnod to Mrs. Black, and all expenses paid?II). cookko food for sv/ivf.. Mr. Skkldox, of Muss., stated in a re- j cent agricultural mooting in Boston, that j fro n a bush*I of cook d meal, he had oh- i j mined 12 pounds of pork, while the same j quantity of uncooked meal would not j give h?ni more than 8 pounds of pork.? I: has long been our opinion, that there wpsa difference of about one-third in favor <4 cooked, or fermented food, over raw ; and we are morn til in satisfied the cheapest plan to mike pork is to fue l hogs as much as tliev run eat all th. time. Farmer.s' Advwjt*. ?LI , 1 1-1 COL. CAMPBKLL'S SPESCU. Speech of the J ton. John CrnphJJ, of South Carotin u o:i the bill rein'inn to Dlitis* and Drawbicks. P diver : I in the House of Representatives of the Uni ted States, July 26, 1S 41. T ie **llid rela:?eg to D.i^es and Drawbacks'* hung under consideration in committee of the Wnole? Mr. Ca;ip8??ll, of South Carolina, r<we and said, that the chai man of the Committee of Ways and Moans had based hi* estimate of the probable annual expenses of the Government for the fur current years upon the averaga expenditures of the four last, and had put them at between 27 and 28 millions of dollars - ij., koft nclimitnrl t!u? m?tt dfo ? J trtl I1U ua? ' r cecds to accrue from customs under ex j istinj* laws, subject to the reductions still to occur under the compromise act, at loss than ten .millions of dollars, and supposed that there would he an annual de. ficiency in the revenue of about eighteen millions of dollars. Mr. C was not prepared to hear the honorable chairman, after having denounced the extravagance of he late Administration, so soon proceed to adopt h ' average expenses of ti e Government for the four last, as a criterion for the four current years?particularly when it was well known that, under the late Admin- j istration, large amounts of tnonev hail not only been expended in erecting public buildings and in extinguishing the Indian title within the States and organized Territories, but that millions hail been swallowed in the vortex of the Florida war, which, from all appearances, must soon cease to bcasotirceof public expense, except fdt the payment of such private claims as may arise out of its devastations, j Let it, also, he remarked that, including ! '"> nrnoo/?nti(in nf that war. tho expenses ! i,,? r ?>f tiie Government for the Inst year had been reduced to between 22 and 23 mil- ] lions. Taking, however, the orobable drains, O* i upon the Treasury, which would occur from the payment of private claims, from appropriations for the support and increase of the a ivy, the maintenance of a home squadron, the support of the array, for fortifications, and other expenses, and we probably cannot safely estimate the expenses of the government, even under an economical Administration of its finances, for the four current year*, at much less than an average of $20,0 Ji),000, which, if the land distribution bill. passes the Senate, ami upon in? supposi- ; tion that the chairman is correct in esti. \ mating the nctt annual receipts from customs under existing laws, al less than 8lO,OOv),(K){), will leave an annual deficiency in the Treasury of about ten millions inicpen.le it of any provision to meet outstanding Treasury note*. According to the siu'miv nt of imports Upon our tallies tlu? warning from' CT * / * * > the Treasury Department, the additional duties proposed bv the present bill, should ! it pass mtoa law without mutilation, will j probably produce an annual increase of revenue of between eight and ton mil- j 'ions of Jo.lars?in amount not greater, I it the proceeds of t -e public lands are ah- j stracted from the Treasure, than will ; probably ho found necessary to provide j for all contingencies. Here Mr. C read from the report of: the Secretary of the Treasury, document N o. 2 of the pr? sent session, page 5, the following extract: 1 j From the year 1816. tn 1887. a period of 21 years, the revenues constantly ex- ! cewded the expenditures. The average , annual surplus during that time was $11,404,525 ST. (sac tables 1 and 2.) making an aggregate excess of $240, i 784.761 27. Within that time, there was applied ?o the extinction of the nn. j tional debt $ JOS.792.127 41. and there ! was. under the provisions of. the net of j the 231 of June, 1^30. deposited with i; the States, $28.101.6 14 91, and flu-re j < remained on the 1st of January. 1837, . I f ?f.,fno 1, in the Treasury or uk- umn-.i j including the fourth instalment due to i the S'ates, a surplus of $17,109,473 2G | There were, also, out- ! I standing debts due . | and falling due to i the Treasury, nri. sing from other n sources than those ( of the ordinary rove. t nuo, and which were t paid between the 1st r of January; 1837, I and 4th March, Ij 1841, the amount of (sec statement D) 9,124,747 00 r There were also issued, : \ within that period, 11 and outstanding on \t the 4th of March, ]l 1841, treasury notes to the amount of 5 6-18,512 40 r I Making the aggregate 's available means r which were in the Treasury on the 1st i of January, 1837. I and which came in- t to it prior to the 4'h r cf March, 1841, over ' j and above the cur- i rent revenues 31,882.732 66 t From which deduct tho i amount (less the f trust funds) remain- * ing in the Treasury ? on the 4th of March, 1' 1841 572,718-16 h i. I An l there appears an excesss of expendi- ? ture over thecurrent ; e fioi oirt /\i j revenue 01 ? Thus it appears, (continued Mr. G\.) from documentary evidence of the high'< authority, that, independent of making p-nvision o meet the current expenses of the G ?v.?r iment, we owe, to say the least, n existing d^ht of more than 85,000.000 ; an I whet hot the amount to he derived from cus'oms shall rise above or fall under the estimate of the honorable chairman bv a few miliums, it is evident thn* to avoid the accumulation of a nafio-al debt in time of peace, some provision must b'1 adopted bavond the existing tariff, for bringing money into the Treasury. True we had authorized th" issuing of 85.000 000 in Treasury notes previous to the adjournment <> ' the Ins* Congress to meet existing liabilities and current expenditures after the 4fh of March, and had, since the commencement of the p.cs. ent session, authorized a loan of 81 - 000.000 more. But although, the present wants of the Government were thus provider! for, he deemed it wise, as soon as was convenient, to extinguish all existing liabilities, and leave the resources of the country unp'edgpd. No one now thinks of calling upon the States for the 23 millions deposited with them under the act of 1835. I In making this admission, however, he ? did not pledge himself to vote for the pres. c ent bill. For when he saw the means nt e the disposal of the Government, and J which had been placed as a trust in its t hanJs to pay the debts and provide for ( the common defence and general welfare, r wrongfully diverted from its true objects. v as was proposed to be done by the bill ' which had passed this House to distribute I the proceeds of the public lands, he com c sidered that ho was called upon to pause r before he consented to impose additional a burdens upon his constituents, to supply a a deficiency in part created by this act.? F Was it for the purpose ot imposing addi- c tionnl burdens on our foreign commerce 1 that you have agreed to part from this a great fountain of public wealth; that you 11 have agreed to distribute the proceeds, c not of those lands only which were ceded 1 by the differrent States, but the millions I of acres that we hold by the Louisiana F and Florida purchases?which were paid ; F for out of the common treasury, and f which there is no pretence for regarding j' in anv other light than as the common e property of the nation? The policy would r hnve been more enlightened to have given those lands to the settlers upon them ; to j f have made the conquest of the wilderness J' their pric.% end thus have encouraged ^ their settlement bv a hardy population. * Restore to us these lauds; let the proceeds 1 arising from their sales he paid into the a Treasury and applied to the wants of the P Government, and I will most cheerfully 0 vote for any increase of duties, within " the provisions of the compromise that *' may he necessary to moot not oelv exist- 51 ing, hut to provide for such avicipa'V ' deficiency as may be expo - I i< arise under an economical administration o; tufinances. [c The honorable chnirnan had said that, in proposing to distribute tho proceeds of the public lands** among the States, we pro. posed not to divert them from, but to restore them to, their rightful owners. There is a partv in this country, sir, of which that gentleman is a member, who give great force to precedent. There is a party in this country who insist that the constitutionality of a United States Bank is a settled question, notwithstanding that, in tho Convention that framed the Constitution, a proposition to allow Congress the power of granting charters of incorporation was rejeete I; notwithstanding that, between the expiration of the charter of 1791 and the establishment of the hank of 1816, propositions to establish such an institution were repeatedly rejected, principally on that ground; notwithstanding that the veto of General Jackson, in IS.'V) of the bill to rechartcrthe bank of 131G, has been sanctioned bv the Pen. pie in successive elections; and notwithstanding that the constitutionality of such Iiuj Kunn rti<2iinf?>rl Kv ?nnm ,l" " ?? v of tho best expounders of the Constitution from the commencement of the Government down to the present time. Now. lurn over the picture. We find that the proceeds of the sales of the public lands have been paid into the federal Treasury, from the commencement of the Government down to the present day, almost without question and without dispute : and vet the very gentlemen who, in the case if the United States Bank, are disposed o give to precedent greater authority than he Constitution, deny our right fo to ippropriate the proceeds of the public amis ! " Consistency, thou art indeed a jewel!" Mr. C d d not intend to discuss the juestion arising from the comparative ad vantages of direct taxation, as compared with duties upon importations, as a means >f obtaining revenue, which had been eluded to this morning bv his colleague Mr. Rhctt;] nor did he design to dwell it length upon the question of the unequal iscal operation of the Government, ari ling from inequalities in tho collection ?nd disbursement of the public revenues. Vlthnugh the process of collecting money n one section of the country and disxirsing it. princioally in another, manicstly tends at first sight to impoverish >ne section of the country and to enrich mother?yet these disbursements, if nade exclusively for tho promotion of na* - 1- * A 1?- oAneiafonf lonni no]tfci*, ere peritr^ii* uunoiniwut A'ith the good of 1he whole. They ire, 11 all events, incident to our Government; i*-"l although. in the estimation of same, '"?v mnv have afforded a good reason for v?r>M?'ipff the adoption of the Constitution, hev aff?rr! no reason why the compact ?!?* I t ot he adhered to. Although in o jvi v in the collection and disbursewit of the pnhlic money, affords a very jor d r< ason in a representative from .a Tiincity section of the country for oppo. jing mnecpssarilv hi^h taxation?and in his iew onlv was used a few dnvs since ?v hie friend and colleague, [Mr. Pickens,] for v? hich he was held to such severe ac ount by the gentleman from Pennsvlvaiia. [Mr. Sergeant.]?it affords no good cason why a sufficient amount of money should not be raised to pay the expenses >f the Government. No one can suppose '--1 ? lilrn ?k!o /??in ivtth !1 'liil H IIHI'JIll |ir\(- v IIlev VUIM lue regard to the public interest, disburse ts revenue in the exact nroportiorj thnt it s collected. Our fortifications must be ipon the frontier; our navy yards upon he Atlantic shore : our interior States re. piire no d fences against a foreign ene. nv hut such as are derived from the collage and patriotism of our citizens, and Mit few expenditures ran legitimately he nade among them. All that we demand s, that the taxing power he not abused; hat the revenues of the Government, vhethcr derived from public lands, from lirect taxation, or from customs, be placed n a common Treasury, and appropriated or the common benefit. We deny your ight to make beneficiaries of the Spates >v distributing among them a portion of he public revenue. We look with alarm o the consolidating tendency of such a neasure, hut with hope to the virtue and ntelligence of the People to resist its orrupting influence. You have no right tven to accuse the States of extrava- I pince; for if thev have become indebted, J hey have become 60 for objects within U...- limUa iui?U Ulkink t'Atl hn Vfi ' urn uvrn minis, rrini nmbu lothing to do, and are competent to proude for them from their own resources, t is an insult to the intelligence of the 'eople to suppose that they can be deeived by a measure which distributes nonev with one hand, when you immedi. itelv place the other in their pockets to ibstract a larger amount. Do you sup. pose that a measure which proposes to listribute a portion of the public revenue ipon the basis of federal numbers, during ,n acknowledged deficiency in the Treasirv, can be well received in that section >f the country where, with less than a hird of its federal population, more than wo-thirds of the exports of the domestic products of the whole Union are produced; particularly in those States where the 'eople believe that, under a system of mpost duties, they pay more than an qua! proportion into the federal Treasuv ? Taxes are necessary to the support of Government, and when laid for that obect, and appropriated to that purpose, will ie cheerfully paid by the People. But o distribute a portion of the public rcve. lue among the Slates, and thus increase i deficiency in the Treasury to he supdied by taxation, is unequal, unjust, and ppressive. We appeal f'com your decis. nil upon this subject to the ballot-box ; here wc will carry this - question at the icx* elections, and, relyirg upon the jus re of our cause and the intelligence of ?e People, we feel confident of victory. Soinethinghadbeensaidon 'he intricate [uestioa of where the burden of taxation ' r ' % ' , i chiefly falls by duties on importations.? ( * j Mr. C believed that he was the first per. ( . ) son who ever, on the floor of Congress, ad- 1 vanced the proposition that a duty upon 1 imports operated as a tax upon exports. < * He had made this point in a speech deli v. \ i ered bv him in the 21st Congress on the r 11 13th of March, 1830. some weeks before 1 Mr. McDuffie's celebrated speech, in \ which the same doctrine was advanced, \ , and which had since become so cclebra- t ted under the name of the 40-bn!e theory, r i Mr. C alluded to this subject at this time for the purpose of more fully explaining e his views upon it, hut before doing so, h he would read the following extract from a i his own speech : 41 (Gentlemen may say li that n tax upon imports is a tax exclusive- I Iv Uf/nn the consumer; that consumption, i for the most part, is proportioned to popu- a lation, and therefore that the burdens of f the tariff are equalized. Sir, I admit that c the burdens of the system are felt by all, n but I deny that they nre in an equal de- /> gree. There is not in the science of po. s litical economy a proposition more susc >p C 4 . U. I _ t U o rt tKo o f f ft V A (Uiit; til ucuujijs i..nun, iu i (< < < in., u upon importations operates indirectly a* a t, tax upon exportation* Some of the c States export to a greater extent than I n others, and thus it is that the tariff op. j <? crates unequally. A single example will : J illustrate the proposition. We will sup. ( c pose that 10 pounds of cotton would par- j p chase one yard of wollen cloth ; add 50 c per cent. 011 the yard of woollen cloth for j t< duty, and it will require 15 pounds of cot- j a | ton to purchase it." J tl Now, sir, said Mr. CM although it is a e proposition of universal application, that v the more we receive of the productions of ? other countries, the more of ours they are | enabled to take in exchange; vet, in a | n large majority of cases, "duties upon irn- v portations do not fall exclusively upon ex- ! n | portations, but are divided between the j d j producer of the exports, the consumer, j o I and the foreign manufacturer or producer j c of the articles imported. The burden falls h upon the exporter to the extent that the u duty checks consumption, and diminishes the foreign demand for his article he. n yond the market that it creates at borne, h It falls upon the consumer to the extent ir that it raises the price of the article con- d j suined, and it falls unon the producer tf | or manufacturer of the artictle imported c to the extent that it cheeks its consmnp. w tion and throws difficulties in the way u of exchange. Excessive duties ulso fre. ir j quenfly produce injudicious and execs- s< j sive competition among domestic pro.du- g eers or manufacturers, and thus tend to ti the injury of those they were designed to w benefit. h But if duties upon importations oper- ; si ate even to ? limited extent as a tax upon 01 exnnrtations, (as all must admit that thev j ti do,) is it not obvious that duties which are j nr unnecessarily high, are, in effect, a viola. ?, larion of that provision of the Constitution rt which prescribes that "no duty shall be laid cl on the exports of any State." 01 [to be omfinued next week. ] di ti VETO OF THE BANK BILL. I ^ - * .--1 rm n ? I On Monday the loin, i ne joiiowing rc message was sent from the President to ' the Senate by John Tyler jr. his private cr Secretary. 'f To the Senate of the United Slater: tl The bill entitled " An act to incoporate ft the subscribers to the Fiscal Dank of the n| United States," which originated in the r( Senate, has been considered by me, with (j< 1 a sincere desire to conform my action in ( < regard to it to that of the two Houses of n. Congress. By the Constitution, ir is fC made my duty either to approve the bill tr by signing it, or to return it with my ob- 0| jectionsto the House in which it origina- t? ted. I cannot conscientiously give it mv r, approval, and I proceed to discharge the j ni duty required of me by the Constitution, a) to give my reasons for disapproving. C( The power of Congress to create a Nn. sr tional Bank to operate per sc over the d? Union has been a question of dispute from ,r( - - if ? the origin of our liovernmeni ;?ien mast justly and deservedly esteemed for t.f their high intellectual endowments, their f|, virtue, and their patriotism, have, in re- ()( gard to it, entertoined different and con- Cc dieting opinion. Congress, have differed, ?i The approval of one President has been re followed by the disapproval of another. }a The People at different times hivo acquiesced in decisions both for and against. fjc The country has been, and still is, deeply wj agitated by this unsettled question. It nr will suffice for me to sav that my own th opinion has been uniformly proclaimed XI to be against the exercise of nny such power by this Government. On all suit- sli able occasions, during a period of twenty- dn five years, the opinion thus entertained w| has been unreservedly expressed, I do- he clared, it in the Legislature of my native er, State. In the House of Representatives su of the United States it has been openly th vindicated by me. In the Senate, Cham- a|< ber, in the presence and hearing of many ce who are at this time members of that rit body, it has been affirmed and reaffirmed, an in speeches and reports there made, and St by votes there recorded. In popular as-1 0fl semblies 1 have unhesitmgiv announced or it; and in the last public declaration th which I made, and that but a short time pri before the la'e Presidential election, I re- in ferred to my previously expressed opinions th ai being those then entertained by me. of With a full knowledge of the? pinions thus re! enterteined, and never concealed, I was ce elected by the People Vice President of sei the United States. By the occurence of or a contingency provided for by the Consti- St sution, and arising tinder an impressive Ai dispensation of Providence, I succeeded wt to the Presidential office. Before enter- an irig upon the duties of th it office, I took tx an oath that I would " preserve, protect. th< and defend the Constitution of the United of States." Entertaining the opinion alia- th< ded, to and having taken this oath, the by Senate and the country will see that I dii could not giye my sanction to a mrasure ac )f the character described without surren- [ Icring all claim to the reject of honorn de men?all confidence on the part of the 1 'eople?all regard for moral and religious obligations: without an observance of vhieh no Government can be prosperous, ind no Peoole can be happy. It would >e to commit a crime which I would not! villfully commit to gain any earthlv re.' vard, and which vyould justly subject mo \ o the ridicule and scorn of all virtuous ) nen. I deem it unnecessary at this time to inter upon the reasons which have1 irought my mind to the convictions I feel j nd entertain on this subject. They; lave been over and over again repeated, j f some of those w ho have preceded me ; n this high office have entertained and vowed different opinions, I yield all-conidence that their convictions were sinere. I claim only to have the same riensure meted out to myself. Without oing farther info the argument, I will: ay that, in looking to the powers of this ! iovcrnment to collect, safely keep, and; ishurse the pnhlir revenue, and inciden- J ally to regulate the commerce and ex- j hanges, I have not been able to satisfy | nysclf that the establishment by this Gov- j rti mnn f nf n IvinL.- nF .licnmint in the Of. ! inarv acceptation of that term, was a ne essarv means, or one demanded by pro. j rietv, to cxoutc those powers. What i an the local discounts of the hank have J ado with the collecting, safe-keeping, j nd disbursing of the revenue ! So far as J he mere discounting of paper is concern-1 d, it is quite immaterial to this question ! /liethor the discount is obtained at a databank or a United States Bank. ! They are both equally local?both begin- j ingand both ending in a local accom-' diich I have always heretofore been opnidation. Wnat influence have local : iscounts, granted bv any form; f bank, in the regulating of the! urrency and the exchanges? Let the J istory of the late United States Bank aid s in answering this inquiry. For several years after the establish. 1 lent of that institution it dealt exclusive, j r in local discounts, and during that per- >d the country was, for the most part, I isapnointed in the consequences .mticipr. ?cl from its incorporation. A uniform urrency was not provided/ exchanges; ere not regulated, and little or noihing! as added to the general circulation ; ard \ 1 1820its embarrassments had become! > great thai the directors petitioned Con-j ress to -?peal thnt article of the chnruc ;r which made os note./ receivable every > here in payment of the o iblic dues. It j ad up to that period dealt to but a very ' : nail extent in exchanges, eithur foreign ! r domestic ; and as late as 1823 itsoprrons in that lime amounted to a little 1 mre than $3,000,00!) per an nan. A | i;ry rapid augmentation soon after occur- 1 hi, and in 1823 its dealing in the ex- I fiangcs amounted to upwards of $100,. 1 [KV000, including the sales of its own ' < rafts; and all these immense transac- j t ons were effected without the employ- i tent of extraordinary means. The cur < incy of the country became sound, a.id ( )e negotiations in the exchanges wer i irried on at the lowest possible rates r 'he circulation was increased to more I lan $23,000,000. and the notes of the j 1 ank were regarded as equal to sp ci^ j I II over the country ; thus .showing, almost j I inclusively, that it was the capacity to j i ?al in exchanges, and not in local dis-1 i Hints, which furnished these facilities |< id advantages. It may he remarked, ', ! ?o, that, notwitstanding the immense' t nnsactions of the Bank in the purchase j t F exchange, the losses sustained were < ierely nominal; while in the line of dis- t mnts the suspended debt was enormous, id proved most disastrous to the bank 1 id the country. In power of local dis- t Hint has, in fact, proved to he a fruitful s >urce of favoritism and corruption, alike c jstructive to the public morals and to the i I moral weal. ! s The capital invested in banks of dis- j Hint in the (Tnited States, created by I r e States, at this time exceeds $350,009, j c )0 : and if the discounting o< local naper ; p mid have produced effects, the United p ates ought to possess the soundest cur- i ncV in the world. But the reverse is S mentably the fact. d Is the measure, now under considera- a >n, of the objectionable character to o lich I have alluded ? It is clearly so, n iless, by the 16th fundamental article of v e 11th section it is made otherwise, n lat article is in the following words: ^ w 44 The directors of the said corporation / all establish one "competent office of" c jcount and deposite in any State in li lich two thousand shares shall have s en subscribed, or may be held, whenev- p , upon application of the Logisture of s ch State, Congress may, by law, require tl esums. And the said directors may w so establish one or more competent offi. a s of discount and deposite in any Ter- e ory or District of the United States, ti id in any State, with the assent of such ti ate; and when established, the said n ficc or offices shall be only withdrawn ii removed by the said directors, prior to n e expiration of this charter, with the I evious assent of Congress ; Provided, p respect to any State wh'cb shall not, at t< e first session of the Legislature there, o held after the p assage of this act, bv s? solution or other usual legislative pr< - ty eding, unconditionally as ent or (ii<nt to the establisiwnent of such offi v a offices within it, such absent of'the sai 1 fi ate shall he thereafter pesumad : n id, provided never hefesj,, T >at s< lenever it shall become neces8fry al y proper for carrying into ir toation any of the powe-j granted by f. 5 Constitution, to establish an office or t! ices in any of the Siafoi whatever, and b ; establishment thereof shall be directed la law, it shall be the duty of the said 8 ectors to establish such office or offices ti coHingly." u ? I % $ It will ho seen th.it by this clause the directors are invested wiih the fullest power to establish a branch in anv State which has yielded i: * assent; and having once established suea branch, it shall not afterwards be withdrawn except by order of Congress. Such assent is to he implied? and to have the force r.nd sanction of an actually expressed assent, "provided, in respect to any Slate which snail not, at the first, session of the Legislature thereof hold after the passage ot this act, by re*. olution or other usual legislative prcceeding, unconditionally assent or dissent to the establishment of such office or offices within it. such assent of the said State shall be thereafter presumed." The assent or dissent is to be expressed unconditionally at the. first session of the. Legislature by some formal legislative act ; and, if not so expressed, its assent is to be implied, and the directors are thereu|w>n invested with power, at such time thereafter as thev may please, to establish which cannot afterwards be withdrawn, except by resol\e of Congress. 'No matter what may bo the cause which may operate with the Legislature, which either prevents it from speaking, or addresses itself to its wisdom, to induce delay, its assent is to be implied. This iron rule is to give way to no circumstances?it is unbending anJ inflexiLI.. ft.. 4k,. l.tM.vX .?*A thn m.autiii* IA (lit;* iii3 uit; ui me ' ?vi iv the vessel. An unconditional answur U claimed forthwith ; and delay, postponement, or incapacity to answer, produce an implied assent, which is ever after irrevocable. Many of the State election* have already taken place without any knowledge, on the pnrt of the People, that such a question was to come up. The Representatives may desire a submission of the question to their constituents, preparatory to final action upon it; but this high privilege is denied. Whatever may he the motives and views entertained by the Representatives of the People to in- j| duce delay,.their assent is to he presumed, and is ever afterwards binding, unless their distant shall be unconditionally expressed at their first session after the pasa re of this bill into a law. They may by formal rc-mlution declare the question ol assent or dissent to be undecided and postponed, and yet, in opposition to their express declaration to the contrary, their assent is to be implied. Cases innumerable mighi be cite I to manifest the irrationality of such an inference. Let one or two in addition suffice. The populir orinc 1 >f'he Legislature- 1 may express its dissent by an unanimous vote, and its resolution may be defeated' by a tie vote in tne Senate; and yet theassent is to be implied. Both branches of the Legislature may concur in a resolution of decided disxenti and vet the Governor rnavexert the vetn> power conferred on him hv the State conititution, and their legislarive action bed*;, fftatcd ; and yet the assent of the legisla.tive authority is implied, and the directors if this coiiler.) >Inu*:l institution are am horized to esiablisii a branch orbranehe*. n such State whenever they may find it jonqtiisive to the inte; est of the stockholiers to do so; and having once established, t, they can under no circumstances withIraw it, except by act of Congress. The State may afterwards protest against suchi injust inference, hut its autheritvMsgone.. Its assent is implied bv i.s failure df-iea-)ilitv to act at sfs tirst session, and its; r'oieecan nevi-r afterw*, i:>be heard. To* nferences so violent, and, 33 t sey seam to no, irrational, I cannot yield my consent. Xo court of jus: ice would or could saneion them, without reversing all that is est. ablished in judicial proceeding by. intro*. ^ lucing presumptions at variance with.fact,, ind inferences at the expense of reason.. \ State in a nonunion of duressei would! >e presumed to speak, as an individual,., nanacled and in prison, might be pre-, turned to be in the employment of free-, lo.n. Far hotter to say to the States, loldlv and frankly?Co ogress wills, anduhrnission demnndtfl. It may beaaid that the- directors may lot establish branches, tiodcr such cirumstances; but this is a question of mwer, and this hill raves'* them with full ower to do so. If the Legislature of "lew York, or Pennsylvania, or any other. Itate, should be found to be in such conx ition as I have supposed, could there bony security furnished against such a step, n the part of the directors ? Nay, is it lot fairly to he presumed that this proviso /as introduced for the sole purpose of a eting the contingency referred to? Vhy else should it have been introduced? Lnd I submit to the Senate whether it an be believed that any State would be ikely to sit quietly down under such a tate of things. In a great measure of uhlir interest, their patriotism mav be "*"'w ? ? I ??' uccessfully appealed to; but to infer heir assent from circumstances at war ulh such inference, I cannot but regard s calculated to excite a feeling at fatal nmity with the peace and harmony of le country I must, therefore, regard lis clause as asserting the power to be n Congress to establish offices'of discount fi a State, not only without its assent, but gainst its dissent; and, so regarding it, cannot sanction it. On general princi!es, th^ right in Congress to prescribe jrms to any S ate, implies a superiority f power and control, deprives the traniction of all pretence to compact beveen them, and terminates, as we have jen, in the total abrogation of freedom of cti^n on the part of the States. But ir!her: the State mav e.\Dess. after the - ! * lust solemn form of legislation, its dis?nt, which may from tune to time there. Per be repeated, in full view of its own rensf, which can never be separated r.i the wise a??d beneficent operation of i 8 Government; and yet Congress may* v virtue or tho last proviso, overrule its, tw, and upon grounds which, to such tate, will appear to rest on a construeve necessity and propriety, and nothing tore. I regard tho bill as asserting for