Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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this year my course of experiments. How Frequently do we hear the opening of lands alleged in excuse of neglect in many op. crations essential to good husbandry. 11 execuses the wants of manure, the inefn. cioncv of ditches, the insecurity of fences the delapidated state of the plantation buildings, and the wants 'of many com. forts, which as enlightened citizens anr men of substantial wealth, we should noi want. I am no enefnv either in theory or ir practice to the clearing of our forests?bill I think the time has come when it should he done with greatj-aution. Our uplanc forests of prime quality are nearly exhausted. They are our only resources in the country for good fuel, an article which in some vicinities has become frightfully scarce. Unless necessity therefore should compel, or strongly advise their destruction, they should I think he husbanded as ^ 1 o a resource ot wear.ii anu eormori at no distant period. The system pursued by our predecessors was, to clear a piece of land and cultivate it to death. It was Ihen suffered to recover some strength and throw up another growth of trees, while other forest lands were subjected to the same svstem of exhausting cultivation.?In the course of time the new forests were again reduced to cultivation and a^lin exhausted, but in a much shorter period than at first. A system of rotting then followed. After a long period farmers began to apply manure, and now commenced a system that promised really to give to the planter the character of a cultivator of the soil.?Now we may look for improvements that shall be permanent, and it is to aid in perfecting this system that I have felt it my duty to contribute my humble efforts, by saying a word or iwo in favor of lime. Many a planter who would shrink from the appaling labor of liming his land, will not hesitate, if it is convenient, to clear land, even though it may not be necessa;v. Let us estimate the labor unnecessary to prepare for cultivation a field of ten acres, by the two methods of clearing, and of liming. Let u? suppose first a piece of prime upland to he cleared, then the labour account will stand as follows :? 1st. Underwooding?to each acre 8 hands : equal to 80 days work. 2d. Felling and cutting up trees, 8 hands equal to P() " " Id. Log rolling, firing. &c. : to each acre 2 hands, 20 " " 4th. Listing : to each acre 8 hands, 80 " " 5th. Bedding : to each acre 8 hands, 80 " " 240 days work. To obtain this field then, requires an expenditure of three hundred and fortv days of labor. No account has been taken of the labor of women and children engaged >n raking, firing, dec., nor of the labor necessary for ditching, fencing, <fce. During the first year of cultivation the usual task of half an acre cannot be performed even in the labor of preparation for the second crop, short tasks are necessarily given. This field will culturo con stant cultivation for five or six years. After that period it will require rest and manure. The first crop it must he observed, is always an uncertain one. A prudent speculator will never make a large calculation on the issue of a crop sown on fresh lands. Let us now suppose an exhausted field to be brought into cultivation with the aid of !im". 1 have already stated that it required the labor of three days to procure lime enough for one acre of land, at the rate of n hundred bushels per acre. Thirty days labor will then be required to manure ten acres at the same rate. Suppose the quantity doubled and two hundred bushels be applied?here then will he required the labor of sixty days. Add an eq tal number of cavs for buring, hauling and spreading, and the lime will be on the ground at the cost of one hundred and twenty days labor. Deduct this amount from three hundred and forty, tho time required for the preparation of forest land and there will he a balance of two hundred and twenty days left to devote tc any other preparation of the land you may deem advisable. The lime once spread, the labor is over ; full tasks become the order of the day and the planter may rest with the assurence of all who have given the lime a fair trial, that he has put or his hand a manure whose beneficial a gency time,so far from destroying, will continually develops. It is a common opinion, that Clovei will not endure the hot sun of South-Car olina. This opinion is not more prcvalen! with us now than a similar opinion res pecting the adaptation of the climate o lower Virginia to Clover, was a few year: since in that State. Since the introduc tion of the use of calcareous manures the cultivation ofclover has become universa in lower Virginia (r.)} It is evident there fore, that it was the want of something ir the soil, and not the warmth of the sur rays, that was at fault in Virginia. 1 have for three or four years past, beer watching a little experiment which indu ces me to believe that it is not the sun but the soil of Carolina which is fatal tc the growth of clover. A few years since I received from r friend several varieties of grass seed* which I planted in my garden on the bor. ders, immediately under the walls Ai the commencement of summer I had i promising crop, hut in autumn it was al dead. The following winter I observed i single plant of clover growing on tin north border. To this plant I appliet lime liberally. It flourished during win ter, and in May proved to be red clover The following winter, the clover was stil there. It had continued to improve, ant Iddtfair to overrun my garden | Now this I admit is a vejy small experiment to base a large hypothesis upon j ?but it is not on that account the less J valuable. Here is a single plant which has survived the first summer, observed during the winter, small and sickly, treated with lime, the manure which all farmers have declared to be indispensable to clover, thriving under the treatment, bearing with equal success the heats of '33; the droughts of '39, and the rains of, '40. It must he observed too, that if the hot sun is injurious to clover, the position of this plant has been a most unfortunate one. Placed on the south side of a wall it is never shaded hut by the very early and late sums of our longest days, and in addition to the direct rays of the .sun, it is exposed to all the heat sadiated from the wall. I do not despair of seeing lime in general use in the limestone regions of SouthI _ o (Carolina. Improvement of all sorts are slowly adopted by Agriculturists. In consequence of the great absence of planters from their estates, they adopt new methods mote slowly than any 'others, who derive their subsistence from the soil. A few years since it was a mooted ques. , tion at every parish club in the low coun. trv, whether the profits arising from manuring our fields were great enough to auO ~ ( thorise the expenditure of the labor ne. cessary to collect the rnanure. Nor was there wanting many who even doubted whether it was of use at all. It seems never to have entered into the minds of such persons that the high- 1 est attribute of man is his capacity for im- J provement to an indefinite degree, not I only of himself, hut of every thiqg com- < mitted to his government, and that he | never so completely fulfils his destiny as * when exercising this capacity ; that Prov- | idence has deprived ns of an Eden in order-that we might, bv aspiring after its , possession, exhibit the greatness of our in- ' tellectual resources in lheir most benefici- | <11 itspcoi , uiai iu impaii uiu vuiuc \>i unit which lie has given us to use and transmit * to our successors, is disobedience and a 1 wanton abuse of his goodness. Such re- J flections have come to use when contrasting our declining condition with the pre sent prosperity of others, who in a more i richly gifted region are following the de- { structive example of our fathers. Ani- ] ! mal and vegetable manuses have forced , < \ themselves into general use. and I have f no doubt that in a few years we shall see ( the powerful agency of the mineral manu- . res exerising the happiest influence over ^ the destiny of this Slate. A SPECULYTOR. 1 _ I Xo.'e.?I have carefully abstained from ( any hypothesis respecting the modus operandi of lime. ->/r. RutFin is disposed to is regard it as valuable, chiefly as a corrector < of acidity, (d.) That it has other valua- i ble qualities is highly probable. It has i made me good cotton when the land im- i mediately adjacent produced absolutely .< nothing but a few scattered and half < grown stocks. , Respecting the composition of our lime- j stone, I have seen two statements differ- ] ! ing widely. Dr. Johnson finds about I . .thirty per cent, of magnesia. Mr. Shop- J " i .i j'>r I 1 am nnds 111tIc or none, anil imsamerence ; too in specimens from the same locality. * (e.) Viewed as a corrector of acidity, the magnesia is perhaps as valuable as ( the lime, and the value of the manure would not he less in conscquenco of the 1 presence of so much magnesia. Writers I i on agriculture have always represented , < i mngnesian earths as unfruitful and un- j grateful. This may he true, but it does . ! not follow that a small quantity of mag. ' , j nesia added to the soil may not he advan-j , j tageous to it. A soil overcharged with j t ! lime, would he as poor as one overcharged ^ I with magnesia. I Apart from the mechanical agency of lime on soils, apprehend that its value is 1 1 not greater than would be that of any oth- 1 Its alkali. I have seen twenty bushels of ! j ashes produce results quite as satisfactory i j as a hundred bushels of mild lime. (/.) > ; Whether it exercises an agency for any i j length of time, I have not the means of ' ascertaining, hut as an auxiliary manure to the growing crop, I consider it so valuable, that I have all the ashes on the plantat ion carefully husbanded. A small reward offered to the negroes induces them not only to save their ashes, but (I have had reason to believe,] to burn more wood ' for the purpose. Any one who has not tried the experiment would be surprised to find how much may he collected by holding out an inducement. [The above article has been 1 copied into the Farmers' Register, with the following notes added by the editor. | They did not reach us in time io introduce ; the marks of reference in the part printed , * | on our first page. We still add the notes.] i j (<7.) We shall not affect to disguise the J gratification which we have derived from i reading this article, caused by the writer's I high and grateful appreciation of our in. dividual labors in this important departi ment; as well as from his testimony that ' , J the seeds of this improvement, which we | foryearsjhavebeen trying to plant in South Carolina, have at last struck root, and now promise good and speedy fruits. The unrL- has been at last he run hv Ib'vu ? 7? -j > planters, of whom the writer of the above article seems to promise to be among the most zealous and efficient. We have however to regret, that, by his withhold* | ing his name, and its authority, he has i been content to be counted but as a j 44 Speculator," instead of n practical opej ratorand unquestionable witness of facts. We earnestly urge him to persevere?and (I while he may be the first in South Caro| lina to reap large profits and increase his j wealth from this source, he will exhibit j such evidences, that his examples will 1 soon be followed by hundreds of his i countrymen.?Ed. F. It. I (ft.) All the marls sent to us from South Carolina for examination were very rich; nnd in enemical constitution and texture might be deemed rather a sott lime-stone or impure chalk, than marl, such as is common in lower Virginia. The last sentence above shows that expesure to frost will serve to reduce the lumps, so that the great cost of burning to qtiick-lme may be avoided ; and there is no usejin burning, except togreduce the earth or stone to powder.?Ed. F. R. (c.) This expression covers too much around. It should be limited, first, to r. * i. ? j- i ....... tne mariea lancis, as cjuver win noi grow except where calcareous matter, in quantity sufficient for the purpose, has been given, either by the bounty of nature, or by the industry of man. But further, many persons have marled who sow clover to but little extent, notwithstanding its known value after marling ; and tnu* they lose half the benefit to be derived from this mode of improvement. If the writer of the foregoing article,or even any of his most incredulous countrymen, were to visit the marled lands of lower Virginia, all would be fully convinced of the great profit of the fullest extension of the same practice at home. But we are sorry to have to confess, that they would also see, and in the greater number ot cases, abundant evidences of neglect to draw full benefit from this great source of riches. If the legislature of South Carolina, or the different agricultural societies of that state, would depute a dozen of the intelligent planters of their marl region to visit some of the most judiciously marled lands in Virgina, and to report thereupon, we venture to assert that such visits and reports would produce many thousands of dollars of net profit in the course of a few years. The later and permanent annual profits of South Carolina, from this source, and which will and must be secured at some future time, should be estimated iot by thousands, but in miliums.?Ed. f,r. (J.) The effect of calcareous manure, n neutralizing the poisonous acid of soils is immediate, and most manifest and striking, and the first that affords profit. But a far more important operation of calcareous manure, though later, slower _i? i.._i .u?* u.. tuu more ^liiuuiii, IS uiai uy wmtii it ;oinbi nes with a nd fixes vegetable manure md productiveness,. in the soil, and to which effect there is no limit short of the greatest possible degree of productive power of the best lands under the same climate, exposure, &c.?Ed. F. R. (e.) We have found no magnesia in such spec.mens of South Carolina marl is we have examined for that purpose, and much question the existence of magnesia, in quantity worth consideration, if at all, in any of these marls. Dr. Joseph Johnson, of Charleston, was the first person who announced what was to us a novel ind remarkable fact, that magnesia existed, and in large proportions in many )f these marls. We sought for it in vain, ,n such specimens as were within our each. Afterwards we learned from Dr. Johnson that he had been mistaken in hat resoect. hv some error in his mode >f analysis.?Ei>. F. R. (f.) Wood ashes (after being deprived )f their potash, which is itself a valuable manure) consist principal y of carbom >f lime and of phosphate of lime, l ne former is precisely the same as the main ind (usually) only valuable ingredient of marl, hut in a minutely divided, and therefore much more immediately active state. The phosphate of lime is what forms the earthy or solid material of l)ones?the great value of which as manure is well known to all well informed agriculturists. Therefore it is plain enotigh why ashes, whether leached or not, should act admirably well as manlire on lands deficient in alkaline ingredient, and in fertility.?Ed. F. R. Contents of the Farmers' Register. xo. 6, vol. 9. Original Communications, Liming land without any beneficial result James river water-borne marl, and its expenses. Lime and cement from stone marl Manurings?improvement Ornamental groves "Best time for cutting timber" Marl in Alabama Nut grass?inquiry On the relation of the constitution of soils to their fertility a.id improvement Trial of Hussey's reaping machine Another trial of the reaping machine Agricultural statistics?furnished in connexion with the late cencus of the U. States On indicating and describing grasses Wild onion Failing to give literary credits The cost of transferring the money of the government?the cost of exchange? C7 C and the agency of a national bank for lessening both _ O ( Explanations in regard to a part of Mr. Turner's address The season and crops The prices of wheat The muscardine of silk-worms Cure for the poll-evil. Castrating colts Monthly summary of news SELECTIONS. French and American rural comforts Extirpation of sassafras sprouts State aid to agriculture in New York Pear trees Compost dressing for mowing grounds Subsoil ploughing An experiment in fattening white and / . .? k black Berkshire pigs , I o Of bottom heat . ! c Bermuda grass o New mode of transplanting turnips tl Application of bones to grass lands p Guano manure A Green crop9?Ploughing with rows The wire worm. Benefit of trampling wheat a I The scour in calves ' n< Agriculture of the Netherlands tl On irrigation Sketches of Normandy ' tl On the use of lime as a manure hi The pork business at Cincinnati h< The salv ing of sheep, with a view to the protection of the animal without the ol deterioration of the fleece sc Agricultural legislation t!i An account of the insects injurious to sa turnips Cultivation of the filbert m Remedy for the bite of a snake la The rose bu? w * o Uses of Iron h< Management of bees. The subtended w hive ' to Address to the Henrico Agricultural So- a ciety m Garlic y< Locality of the canker-worm,. a* ar O^T A man in Baltimore thought he tr would sleep on the roof of a shed during one of the late very warm nights. Be- cc fore morning he rolled from the eaves to ^ the pavement, a distance of 30 feet, and injured himself so badly that his life is depaired of. ??????? sn CONGRESSIONAL. hi ? VJ1 Senate. . July 29. Mr. Mouton presented the memorial of Monsier Gcnon, in relation . as to his system of telegraphing. Mr. M. spoke of the vast advantages that would be likely to result, from the adoption of this system in time of war ; and moved y\ its reference to the Committee on Milita- ev ry Affairs. (h Mr. Mangum, from the Committee on j Naval Affairs, reported the bill from the se House for the establishment of a home ^ squadron, without amendment. Also, the House bill to provide for the w Navy pensions, with an amendment to strike out the second section. This bill having been taken up in Committee of the Whole? Mr. Mangum explained the object of ja the committee in striking out the second section fMr. Woodbury was opposed to the hill; particularly the latter section, which led to do injustice and inequality; and the whole pension system wanted remodci'ing. _ p, Mr. Williams was acquainted with this ^ whole subject. They were now paying pensions to officers who are on full pay ; and not only that, but had carried back ? the date to the time the disability was received, which, in some cases, was forty years ago; in addition to all which, ^ they had added the widows of all those officers who died in servicet He thought w it would he as well to pay the pensions to ^ the 1st of January next, and then to place | the navy pension on the same system with the land service. There had been a ' continual struggle of officers of the Armv r? . m to be placed on an equality with those of the Navy. Such a request was just? both ought to be placed on the same foot ing, and he should go for placing the navy pension system where the military stood, jlir. VV. showed how, by the law ^ ? , (ll of 1837, the Si,200,000 of the navy pension fund had been exhausted, and still there was a call for $139,000 more, to he met from the Treasury of the United ? States. I cfj The several section, which excluded | many of those who formerly received per- j sons, was stricken out ; after which there \ ^ was some debate, and the further consid- | er.ition of the bill was postponed for a few I , days. The bill to revive the district banks i I Kr was some time under consideration, and j q the Senate went into executive business, j ^ July 30. The district hank bill, after q considerable debate was passed its second reading. ' The bill providing for a home squadron, passed as it came from the House. Monday Aug. 2. Among the petitions presented was one by Mr. King from citizens of Alabama, intending to migrate to the Oregon Territory. The memorials desire to go by the Isthmus as e.x the best route, and ask that arrangements tic may be mad by the Government to protect them under the laws of the United gr States when they reach there. Mr. Iv. su said many of the memorialists were per- *? sonally known to him, and were men of k( worth. He did not think'that any ac- to tion could be had on the memorial at this PJ session, but early at the next session he would feel it his duty to take the matter ^ UP- . te Mr. Linn was glad to hear the ;emarks pC of the Senator from Alabama. There ac % r *i i 4 I were now upwirosoi a mousanu Amen- m can citizens in the Territory of Oregon, za subjected entirely to the laws of the Hud- op son Bay Company. He (Mr. L.) had lately seen a gentleman from that region lfl1 who gave him a glorous account of the settlement, its prosperous and happy con- a'* dition, &c. The memorial was laid on the table. J. Mr. Calhoun presented the proceedings s of a meeting in Cumberland county, Va. in relation to the unconstitutionality of ^ the bank, and contending that it was not \y nly (he right but the duty to repeal the harter as soon as a majority could be btained ; also remonstrating against the ie distribution of the proceeds of the ublic lands, as the forerunner of the morican system. The memorial having been read? Mr. Henderson said tne unconslitutionlity of the bank had got to be a hack, eyed phrase much more easily assorted isn maintained by argument. The debate was furth -r continued on lis subject between Messrs. Clay of Alaimn, Henderson, Morehead, and Culoun, when Mr. Archer rasetosay that the people f Virginia, en masse, did not concur :arcely in any one opinion expressed in ie memorial, and he would undertake to lv they repudiated the idea ot repeal. Mr. Calhoun said he should he greatly istakenif the prople of Virginia, and a ro-p nnrtinn nf th<> riponlo of the South ?- r ~ - i?i estern portion of the country, did not ild the same sentiments. He. said it ouid he the most joyful act of his life i vole for the real. He had no idea that party should saddle on the country a easure whu h would take up twenty-one iars, when it was believed, and had been iserted, that the act'was unconstitutional, id dangerous to the liberties of the couny Mr. Archer said that when neither his illeague nor himself had beenj m;:d; e organs of premutation of the proceedgs of a meeting, it was to be regarded i presumptive evidence that it was not e voice of the people of Virginia which >oke. He could tell the gentlemen that s nullifying doctrines would never prelil in Virginia. They were ready there, all times, to repudiate such principles, hey were as much against nullification ; they were against abolition. Mr. Calhoun thought time would show hat were the sentiments of Virgina, and ? looked with confidence to the result. ras this bank, surrounded by itsstatelit. 'o be fixed on the country, without e power to repeal ? If the bank stood, 1 the other measures would come of conquence?a funded debt, protective tar(fee.?measures destructive to liberty, e thought resistance to these measures as a cause as glorious as that of the evolution. Mr, Tappan made some remarks not stinctly heard. The proceedings were then laid on tfie bie, and ordered to be printed. After some unimportant business, some me was spent upon the fortification b.II, id the Senate adjourned. House of Representatives. Jnly'29t.h. Mr. Levy introduced a bill revive an act of 1836 authorizing the resident to accept volunteers for the dence of Florida, and a bill to provide otection against the Florida arid Georr i r* . i n i . . i . a Indians, uom reiorreu 10 cue comitfee on Military Affairs. The revenue bill was' taken up and eeches made by several persons, among em by Mr. Pickens, who according to istom, declaimed loudly and fiercely :ainst the rule limiting speeches to one >ur. July 30/h. The revenue bill was re. irted from committee of the whole and dered to be engrossed for a third read g> July 31st. A resolution was adopted reefing the Secretary of the Navy to quire into the expediency of aiding dividual:* or companies in establishing ics of armed steamers between Northern id Southern ports and to foreign ports id inquire into the expense. The rc?rt to be made to next session of ConesR. The bankrupt bill from the Senate Lme up, when a motion to lay it on the ble was lost, 91 to 123. It was then dered to be printed and rcferre I to ommittee of the whole. The revenue bill, after some disorderly :bate, passed its third reading. August 2d. On motion of Mr. Scr;ant the House took up the bank bill in ommittee. Mr. S. spoko an hour in ipport of it; after which Messrs. Mc lellan and Saunders opposed it and Mr tewartadvoca ed it. The debate will obably be continued for a week, when, tcording to the rules it can be cut off. From the Charleston Courier. judge butler's decision. We would draw attention especially to e following passages in Judge Butler's :cellent opinion on the local Bank ques>n: " 1. The questions, made bv the fore)ing statement of facts, have been the biect of excited nonular discussion, and ? ? ? some extent have been prejudged by legislative enactment. They are now be decided according to the grave and escribed justice of the law. The Act the Legislature, which directs this pro. eding, does not undertake to annul the larter, hut it presupposes that the charr has been forfeited bv the Bank's susnsion of specie payments. What the t has taken for granted, must, like other iHnpo tw. enhmiffrd In iiidirri.il irorrni. nee, and be regarded bv the Court as en to free and lull investigation. The -gislature has made no alteration of the iv, by which the rights of the parties to is proceeding, are to be determined; and though the members of the General Asmbly have indicated their opinion of e law of thjs case, that imposes no oblation on a Judge to conform to that inion. The rights of the Corporation, lose Charter is under consideration, are e same now, that they were immediateafter that Charter had been granted by I III I 111 I IMIIH !! Ill IW ? the Legislature. The temper of the times may influence political bodies, and change popular sentiment, but it. cannot * change the rules of con*:ruction governing private rights, under charter or contract. I do not, therefore, feel in the least emban rassed by any thing done by the Legisla ture, in approaching the important legal questions. isliich enter into the consideration of this case.11 The concluding sentences of this exj tract exhibit: a manliness and dignity, I worthy of th<> judi' ial station, and illustrate tiie value of an independent judiciary?which is equally the corrective of popular violence and legislative tyranny f and, although the people may clamour, and the Legislature may prejudge and at, teiDDt tonernetrate wrnn?. an indenendeni j # 1 i ? r ? judiciary will ever fearlessly throw the shield of I lie constitution and the panoply of justice around private rights, and stay the uplifted arm of lawless power. Farther extracts from the opinion of Judge Butler. " Strictly spewing, a private corporation has its franchise inclissolubly connected with its legal existence ; and, after it has been created, may maintain its existence, independent of the control of , : the authority by which it was created." j 44 The suspension of a bank becomes & subject of popular attention, and general interest, from the fact that it affects deeply the concerns of society. I will not say j that such suspensions, when brought about and continued by fraud and combi' nation, may not amount to malfeasance, and be regarded something like a nuisance, to he abated by judgment of forfeiture, upon the offending corporations. Intentional wrong deserves little countenance I f. from those who are employed in the judicial administrations of-the laws. But the legal effect- of suspension, per se, is the ? naked question upon which I am asked to pronounce my judgment. There are events that would justify a bank in the suspension of specie payments: such'as war, and the acts of (Sod. Against these it can not be supposed that human sagacity and prudence are capable of guarding.1? .4 juncture of affairs, brought about by nil man agency, originating mjuuyw ??*?,, Z>e imagined, which would compel banks, in justice to the immediate community around them, to consult the laws of self preservation, Z>;/ suspending specie payments for a time, as .tprret combinations of foreign adl hostile institutions against one bank. But I will not go into topics of this kin:l. They were used with great ability and address in the argument of the case, bv counsel on both sides; but they are rather subjects of a popular character than mat tor-of judicial cognizanoe. 'The fact stated, that the bank continued to issue its own notes after it had suspended, was denounced on one side, | as highly censurable in its<df, and of mis| chievous tendency, vet the bank was ex'onorated from nil intentional misconduct in so doing. On the other side it was said, that so far from this being anabuse, it was the only relief the bank could afford to the community, against the consequences o; suspension; and that this measure was resorted to, not so much for the ?t.lvan<^ge of the hank, as from a de-: ; sire to grant relief to others. Now, if I the bank, intentionally, by itself, or in ! combination with others, had brotfght I about the state of things th:*t occasioned the suspension, to mal.e unlawful gains, by issuing depreciated paper, a question of seriou< importance would have been presented. As the case now stands, this ^ is tho fact, that, after the bank had re.j f-.'sed to pay on demand its outstanding debts, it continued to contract others of the same kind. I' does not follow, from this that it was unable to pay all its. debts, ft seem- to be conce ied, as a legitimate principle in bankihg. that a bank may have in circulation hills to three times the amount of its actual capital, upon, wfiich it commenced to do business. When a hank does business in this way, j it becomes a hank "of circulation, operating on its own credit, >vhich is performed by exchanging its own notes payable to bearer on demand, in coin, for the promissory notes of individuals, pavnble at a fu tiire fixed day: tlie Jatrer paying a per cental per annum, equal to the interest on a loan of capital, for the advantages they consider themselves as enjoying by dealing in the market with the credit of the hank instead of their own." In such an operation as this, the hank must rely on its debtors, as well as its actual capital, to enable it to meet its engagements. The very nature of the business, however, must always expose it to the danger of supension. It does not appear that the Bank of South Carolina has ever availed itself of this principle to the full extent. At the time of its suspension, it seems it had in circulation of its own bills, $750,000?very little more than half its capital. Its ultimate ability to pay all its debts was not denied. Its credit was unquestioned, and when it did business after its refusal to pav specie on demand, it did so, without disguise or fraudulent designAs a bank of circulation, it operated on its own credit, with an ability ultimately tomeet its liabilities. 44 It was conceded, on all sides, that the Legislature has no control over a private charter after it has been granted. Since the decision of the Darmomh College case> this is not an open question. A fter a private corporation has been once created, and private rights acquired under it, it would be an act of legislative perfidy, to annex new provisions without the consent of the corporators .* ?1 do not regard the power to issue * Sound doctrine and noble sentiment combined ; and. although having another aim, how does it pot to shame the faithless politicians, wh ?, g virg to parly what was meant for tneir couniry, avow iheir readme^ to un-. furl ihe infamous and jacobin banner of repeal, against a new national bank, solemnly chartered by Congress.?Char. Courier.