Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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this year my course of experiments. How Frequently Jo we hoar the opening ot lands alleged in excuse of neglect in many operations essential to good husbandry. It execuses the wants of manure, the inefficiency of ditches, the insecurity of fences, the delapidated state of the plantation buildings, and the wants of many comforts, which as enlightened citizens and men of substantial wealth, we should not want. Iamnoenefnv either in theory or in practice to the clearing of our forests?but I think the time has come when it should he done with greatj -aution. Our upland Forests of prime qualit y are nearly exhausted. The}'are our only resources in the country for good fuel, an article which in some vicinities has become frightfully scarce. Unless necessity therefore should compel, or strongly advise their destruction, they should I think he husbanded as a resource of wealth and comfort at no distant period. The system pursued by our predecessors was, to clear a piece of land and cultivate it to death. It was then suffered to recover some strength and throw up another growth of trees, while other forest lands were subjected to the same system of exhausting cultivation.?In the course of time the new forests were again reduced to cultivation and a<$in exhausted, but in a much shorter period than at first. A system of rotting then followed. After a long period farmers began to apply manure, and now commenced a system that promised really to give to the plnnter the character of a cultivator of the soil.?Now we may look for improvements that shall be permanent, and it is to aid in perfecting this system that I have felt it my duty to contribute mv humble efforts, by saying a word or two in favor of lime. Many a planter who would shrink from the appaling labor of liming his land, will not hesitate, if it is convenient, to clear mw.. 'i-j t-i.' whumu -ww " '-' Now this I admit is a vejy small ex pariment to base a large hypothesis upo: ?bat it is not on that account the les: valuable. Here is a single plant whiel has survived the first summer, observe? during the winter, small and sickly, treat ed with lime, the manure which all farm ers have declared to be indispensable ti clover, thriving under the treatment bearing with equal success the heats o '33; the droughts of '39, and the rains o '40. It must he observed too, that if thi hot sun is injurious to clover, the positioi of this plant has been a most unfortunati one. Placed on the south side of a wal it is never shaded hut by the very earl; and late sums of our longest days, and ii addition to the direct rays of the.sun, it i exposed to all the heat sadiated from tin land, even though it mny not bo necessa; v. Let us estimate the labor unneces. sary to prepare for cultivation a field of ten acres, by the two methods of clearing, and of liming. Let us suppose first a piece of prime upland to be cleared, then the labour account will stand as follows :? 1st. Underwooding?to ear-h acre 8 hands : equal to 80 days work. 2d. Felling and cutting up trees, 8 hands equal to 80 " " td. Log rolling, firing. &c. : to each acre 2 hands 20 " M 4th. Listing : to each acre 8 hands, 80 " " 5th. Bedding: to each acre 8 hands, 80 u " 240 days work. To obtain this field then, requires an expenditure of three hundred and forty days of labor. No account has been taken of the labor of women and children engaged >n raking, firing, dec., nor of the labor necessary for ditching, fencing, Arc. During the first year of cultivation the usual task of half an acre cannot be performed even in the labor of preparation for the second crop, short tasks are necessanlv given. This field will culturo constant cultivation for five or six years. After that period it will require rest and manure. The first crop jt must he ohserved, is always an uncertain one. A prudent speculator will never make a lnrge calculation on the issue of a crop sown on fresh lands. Let us now suppose an exhausted field to be brought into cultiva- ; tion with the aid of lime. I have already stated that it required the labor of three days to procure lime enough for one acre of land, at the rate of n hundred bushels per acre. Thirty days labor will then be required to manure ten acres at the same rate. Suppose the quantity doubled and two hundred bushels be applied?here then will be required tlie labor of sixty days. Add an eq ml number of days for buring, hauling and spreading, and the lime will be on the ground at the cost of one hundred and twenty days labor. Deduct this amount from three hundred and forty, tho time required for the preparation of forest land and there will be a balance of two hundred and twenty days left to devote to any other preparation of the land you may deem advisable. The lime once spread, the labor is over ; full tasks become the order of the day and the planter may rest with the assurence ot all who have given the lime a fair trial, that he has put on his hand a manure whose beneficial agency time, so far from destroying, will continually develope. It is a common opinion, that Clover will not endure tho hot sun of South-Car- 1 olina. This opinion is not more prevalent I with us now than a similar opinion res-; pecting the adaptation of the climate of lower Virginia to Clover, was a few years since in that State. Since the introduction of the use of calcareous manures the cultivation of clover has become universal in lower Virginia (c.)* It is evident therefore, that it was the want of something in the soil, and not the warmth of the sun rays, that was at fault in Virginia. I have for three or four years past, been watching a little experiment which induces me to believe that it is. not the sun, but the soil of Carolina which is fatal to the growth of clover. A few years since I received from a friend several varieties of grass seeds which I planted in my garden on the bor- j ders, immediately under the walls At | the commencement of summer I had a ! promising crop, but in autumn it was all dead. The following winter I observed a single plant of clover growing on the north border. To this plant I applied lime liberally. It flourished during winter, and id May proved to be red clover. The following winter, the clover was still there. It had continued to improve, and ! 2>idt fair to overrun ray garden- I wall. I do not despair of seeing linm in gen eral use in the limestone regions of South Carolina. Improvement of all sorts an slowly adopted by Agriculturists. I: consequence of the great absence of plan ters from their estates, they adopt ncv methods mote slowly than any others who derive their subsistence from the soil A few years since it was a mooted ques tion at every parish club in the low coun try, whether the profits arising from man uring our fields were great enough to au O C t thorise the expenditure of the labor ne cessary to collect the rnanure. Nor was there wanting many who even doubtec whether it was of use at all. It seems never lo have entered intc the minds of such persons that the high est attribute of man is his capacity for im provement to an indefinite degree, no only of himself, but of every thiijg com cnitted to his government, and that he never so completely fulfils his destiny a< when exercising this capacity ; that Prov idence has deprived us of an Eden in or der that we might, by aspiring after it: possession, exhibit the greatness of our in tellectual resources in their most henefici al aspect; that to impair the value of thai which he has given us to use and transmil to our successors, is disobedience and a wanton abuse of his goodness. Such re. flections have come to use when contrasting our declining condition with the present prosperity of others, who in a more richly gifted region are following the destructive example of our fathers. Animal and vegetable manuses have forced themselves into general use. and I have no doubt that in a few years we shall see the powerful agency of the mineral manures exerising the happiest influence over the destiny of this State. A SPECULATOR. No!e.?I have carefully abstained from any hypothesis respecting the modus operandi of lime. Mr, Ruflin is disposed tr regard it as valuable, chiefly as a correctoi of acidity. (d.) That it has other valua hie qualities is highly probable. It ha.? made me good cotton when the land immediately adjacent produced absolute!) nothing hut a few scattered and hall grown stocks. Respecting the composition of our liine stone, I have seen two statements differing widely. Dr. Johnson finds about thirty per cent, of magnesia. Mr. Shopard finds little or none, anil this difference: too in specimens from the same locality, (e.) Viewed as a corrector of acidity, the magnesia is perhaps as valuable as the lime, and the value of the manure would not he less in conscquenco of the presence of so much magnesia. Writers on agriculture have always representee magnesian earths as unfruitful and ungrateful. This may be true, but jt doe; not follow that a small quantity of mng. nesia added to the soil may not he advan tageous to it. A sod overcharged with lime, would he as poor as one overchargec with magnesia. Apart from the mecfotnical agency o] lime on soils, apprehend that its value is not greater than would be that of any oth es alkali. I have seen twenty bushels o! 1 ? 4 nshes produce results qune as sausiacmij as a hundred bushels of mild lime. (f. Whether it exercises an agency for anj length of time, I have not the means o ascertaining, but as an auxiliary manure to the growing crop, I consider it so valua hie, that I have all the ashes on the plan tation carefully husbanded. A small re ward offered to the negroes induces then not only to save their ashes, but (I hav< had reason to believe,] to burn more woo< for the purpose. Any one who has no tried the experiment would be surprise! to find how much may he collected bj holding out an inducement. [The above article has beei copied into the Farmers' Register, witl the following notes added by the editor They did not reach us in time to introduc the marks of reference in the part printei on our first page. We still add the notes. (a.) We shall not affect to disguise th gratification which we have derived fror reading this article, caused by the writer' high and grateful appreciation of our in dividual labors in this important depart ment; as well as from his testimony tha the seeds of this improvement, which w foryearsjhavebeen^trying to plant in Soutl n ' nt l'lof ctriicL' rArtf ati/l nni I Oil Hit, IIUIC Ul lUOl akmvn i vsvrt, ?uu ,lv, promise good and speedy fruits. Tlx good work has been at last begun b1 planters, of whom the writer of the abov article seems to promise to be among th most zealous and efficient. We hav however to regret, that, by his withhold ing his name, and its authority, he ha been content to be counted but as i 44 Speculator," instead of n practical opc ratorand unquestionable witness of facts We earnestly urge him to persevere-?an while he may be the tirst in South Care lina to reap large profits and increase hi wealth from this source, he will exhibi such evidences, that his examples wi! soon be followed by hundreds of hi countrymen.?Ed. F. It. (6.) All the marls sent to us fror South Carolina for examination were very i rich; and in cftemical constitution and s texture might be deemed rather a soft i lime-stone or impure chalk, than marl 1 'such as is common in lower Virginia. - The last sentence above shows that ex pcsure to frost will serve to reduce the 3 lumps, so that the great cost of burning ? to qnick-Jme may be avoided ; and there 1 is no usejin burning, except tojreduce the f earth or stone to powder.?Ed. F. R. (c.) This expression covers too much 1 ground. It should be limited, first, to d the marled lands, as clover will not grow except where calcareous matter, in quank tity sufficient for the purpose, has been g | given, either by the bounty of nature, or I by the industry of man. But further, many persons have marled who sow clover to but little extent, notwithstanding . its known value after marling ; and thus i they lose half the benefit to be derived i from this mode of improvement. If the - writer of the foregoing article,or even v any of his most incredulous countrymen, were to visit the marled lands of lower Virginia, all would be fully convinced | of the great profit of the " fullest extension of the same practice at home. But we are sorry to have to confess, that they would also see, and in " the greater number ol cases, abundant j evidences of neglect to draw full benefit from this great source of riches, i If the legislature of South Carolina, or . the different agricultural societies of that . state, would depute a dozen of the intelt ligent planters of their marl region to visit some of the most judiciously marled 5 lands in Virgina, and to report thereupon, s we venture to assert that such visits and " reports would produce many thousands of " dollars of net profit in the course of a few s years. The later and permanent annual profits of South Carolina, from this source, t and which will and must be secured at ^ some future time, should he estimated t not by thousands, but in millions.?Ed. . F.U. (d.) The effect of calcareous manure, . in neutralizing the poisonous acid of soils s is immediate, and most manifest and striking, and the first that affords profit. But a far more important operation of I calcareous manure, though later, slower 5 and more gradual, is that by which it combines with and fixes vegetable manure and productiveness^ in the soil, and to which effect there is no limit short of the greatest possible degree of productive power of the best lands under the same climate, exposure, &c.?Ed. F. R. . (6.) We have found no magnesia in )' such spec.mens of South Carolina marl r | as we have examined for that purpose, and . | much question the existence of magnesia, j i in quantity worth consideration, if at all, in any of these marls. Dr. Joseph Johnr son, of Charleston, was the first person f who announced what was to us a novel and remarkable fact, that magnesia exisfed, and in large proportions in many ' of these marls. Wetought for it in vain, | in such specimens as were within our i 1 reach. Afterwards we learned from Dr. ' Johnson tiiat he had been mistaken in that respect, by some error in his mode of analysis.?Ed. F. R. ' f > ?*t i i / r. _ i. .; j > {j.) vvoouasm^a.icroe.Mg urpu*cu ! of their potash, which is itself a valuable i manure) consist principal y of carbonate I of lime and of phosphate of lime. The former is precisely the same as the main 1 and (usually) only valuable ingredient of ^ marl, hut in a minutely divided, and " | therefore much more immediately active J state. The phosphate of lime is what forms the earthy or solid material of P bones?the great value of which asmanure is well known to all well informed , | agriculturists. Therefore it is plain ef j nough why ashes, whether leached or f I not, should act admirably well as man. ) ure on lands deficient in alkaline ingredr dient, and in fertility.?Ed. F. R. f : } Contents of tiie Farmers' Register, no. 6, vol. 9. Original Communications, " Liming land without any beneficial re' suit ] James river water-borne marl, and its t expenses. Lime and cement from j stone marl f Manurings?improvement Ornamental groves n "Best time for cutting timber" 1 Marl in Alabama Nut grass?inquiry e On the relation of the constitution of j soils to their fertility a id improvement Trial of Hussey's reaping machine ] Another trial of the reaping machine e Agricultural statistics?furnished in conn nexion with the late cencus of the U. 8 States " On indicating and describing grasses '* Wild onion Failing to give literary credits ^ The cost of transferring the money of the v government?the cost of exchange? e and the agency of a national bank for y lessening both e Explanations in regard to a part of Mr. e Turner's address e The season and crops ! The prices of wheat s j The muscardine of silk-worms ?? I '1 /> il 11 :i /I 1. I " i^ure ror me pou-evu. vsnsiraung coils Monthly summary of news Jj SELECTIONS. French and American rural comforts Extirpation of sassafras sprouts [t State aid to agriculture in New York II Pear trees Compost dressing for mowing grounds Subsoil ploughing n An experiment in fattening white and i . *? black Berkshire pigs Of bottom heat Bermuda grass New mode of transplanting turnips Application of bones to grass Iand9 Guano manure Green crops?Ploughing with rows The wire worm. Benefit of trampling wheat The scour in calves Agriculture of the Netherlands On irrigation Sketches of Normandy On the use of lime as a manure The pork business at Cincinnati The salving of sheep, with a view to the protection of the animal without the deterioration of the fleece Agricultural legislation An account of the insects injurious to turnips Cultivation of the filbert Remedy for the bite of a snake The rose bug Uses of Iron Management of bees. The subtended hive - j Address to the Henrico Agricultural So- i ciety Garlic Locality of the canker-worm. . (?r A man in Baltimore thought he would sleep on the roof of a shed during one of the late very warm nights. Before morning he rolled from the eaves to , the pavement, a distance of 30 feet, and j injured himself so badly that his life is de- j paired of. CONGRESSIONAL. Senate. July 29. Mr. Mouton presented the i memorial of Monsier Gcnon, in relation to his system of telegraphing. Mr. M. spoke of the vast advantages that would be likely to result, from the adoption of this system in time of war ; and moved its reference to the Committee on Military Affairs. A/r. Mangum, from the Committee on Naval Affairs, reported the bill from the House for the establishment of a home squadron, without amendment. Also, the House bill to provide for the Navy pensions, with an amendment to j strike out the second section. This bill having been taken up in Committee of the Whole? Mr. Mangum explained the object of! the committee in striking out the second section " W--JI trt fhnhill. iur. UOOUDUIJ' naa U|i|j?iogu IU mv. particularly the latter section, which led to do injustice and inequality; and the whole pension system wanted remodelling. Mr. Williams was acquainted with this whole subject. They were now paying pensions to officers who are on full pay ; and not only that, but had carried back the date to the time the disability was received, which, in some cases, was forty ! years ago; in addition to all which, I they had added the widows of all those j officers who died in service* He thought j it would he as well to pay the pensions to ! the 1st of January next, and then to place the navy pension on the same system with the land service. There had been a continual struggle of officers of the Army to be placed on an equality with those of the Navy. Such a request was just? both ought to be placed on the same foot, ing, and he should go for placing the navy pension system where the military stood. Mr. W. showed how, by the law of 1837, the $1,200,000 of the navy pension fund had been exhausted, and still there was a call for $139,000 more, to he met from the Treasury of the United States. The several section, which excluded many of those who formerly received per- j sons, was stricken out; after which there | was some debate, and the further consid- | ention of the bill was postponed for a few I days. The bill to revive the district banks \ was some time under consideration, and the Senate went into executive business. | July 30. The district hank bill, after considerable debate was passed its second reading. The bill providing for a home squadron, passed as it came from the House. Monday Aug. 2. Among the petitions presented was one by Mr. King from citizens of Alabama, intending to migrate to the Oregon Territory. The memorials desire to go by the Isthmus as the best route, and ask that arrangements may be mad by the Government to protect them under the laws of the United States when they reach there. Mr. K. said many of the memorialists were per? -?!! . )>nAii>n Kim anA ivara miin nf* suimn_y IVII'JTt II iu illlii, anu tivi v uiun >! worth. He did not think'that any ac. tion could be had on the memorial at this session, but early at the next session he would feel it his duty to take the matter up. Mr. Linn was glad to hear the ;emarks of the Senator from Alabama. There [ were now upwards of a thousand American citizens in the Territory of Oregon, subjected entirely to the laws of the Hudson Bay Company. He (Mr. L.) had lately seen a gentleman from that region who gave him a glor:ous account of the settlement, its prosperous and happy con. dition, &c. The memorial was laid on the table. Mr. Calhoun presented the proceedings of a meeting in Cumberland county, Va. in relation to the unconstitutionality of the bank, and contending that it was not iiumi 11^ , , only the right hut the duty to repeal the charter as soon as a majority could be obtained ; also remonstrating against the the distribution of the proceeds of the public lands, as the forerunner of the American system. The memorial having been read? Mr. Henderson said tne unconstitutionality of the bank bad got to be a hack, neyed phrase much more easily asserted than maintained by argument. The debate was furth t continued on this subject between Messrs. Clay of Ala. bamn, Henderson, Morehead, and Calhoun, when Mr. Archer rase to say that the people of Virginia, en masse, did not concur scarcely in any one opinion expressed in the memorial, and he would undertake to say they repudiated the idea of repeal. Mr. Calhoun said he should he greatly mistakenif the people of Virginia, and a large portion of the people of the Southwestern portion of the country, did not hold the same sentiments. He said it would be the most joyful act of his life to vote for the real. He had no idea that a party should saddle on the country a measure whu h would take up twenty-one years, when it was believed, and hud been asserted, that the act 'was unconstitutional, and dangerous to the liberties of the country. Mr. Archer said that when neither his colleague nor himself had hoenj mad ti?e organs of presentation of the proceedings of a meeting, it was to be regarded as presumptive evidence that it was not the voice of the people of Virginia which spoke. He could tell the gentlemen that his nullifying doctrines would never prevail in Virginia. They were ready there, at all times, to repudiate such "principles. They were as much against nullification as they were against abolition. Mr. Calhoun thought time would show what were the sentimentsof Virgina, and he looked with confidence to the result. Was this hank, surrounded by itsstatelites, to be fixed on the country, without the power to repeal ? If the bank stood, ill the other measures would come of consequence?a funded debt, protective tariff, &c.?measures destructive to liberty. He thought resistance to these measures was a cause as glorious as that of the Revolution. Mr. Tappan made some remarks not distinctly heard. The proceedings were then laid on tfie fable, and ordered to be printed. After some unimportant business,some time was spent upon the fortification bill, and the Senate adjourned. House of Representatives. July '29th. Mr. Levy introduced a bill to revive an act of 1836 authorizing the President to accept volunteers for the defence of Florida, and a bill to provide I protection against the Florida and Goor| gia Indians. Both referred to (he committee on Military Affairs. The revenue bill was taken up and speeches made by several persons, among them by Mr. Pickens, who according to custom, declaimed loudly and fiercely against the rule limiting speeches to one hour. July 30th. The revenue bill was reported from committee of the whole and ordered to be engrossed for a third read| inkrJuly 31st. A resolution was adopted directing the Secretary of the Navy to i inquire into the expediency of aiding individuals or companies in establishing lines of armed steamers between i\ortnern and Southern ports and to foreign ports and inquire into the expense. The report to be made to next session of Congress. The bankrupt bill from the Senate came up, when a motion to lay it on the table was lost, 9i to 123. It was then ordered to be printed and reforre 1 to Committee of the whole. The revenue bill, after some disorderly debate, passed its third reading. August 2d. On motion of Mr. Sergeant the House took up the bank bill in Committee. Mr. S. spoke an hour in support of it; after which Messrs. Mc Clellan and Saunders opposed it and Mr Stewart advocaed it. The debate will probably be continued for a week, when, according to the rules it can be cut off. From the Charleston Courier. judge butler's decision. We would draw attention especially to the following passages in Judge Butler's excellent opinion on the local Bank question: ' " 1. The questions, made by the fore| going statement of facts, have been the subject of excited popular discussion, ana to some extent have been prejudged by Legislative enactment. They are now j to be decided according to the grave and ! prescribed justice of the law. The Act of the Legislature, which directs this proneeding, does not undertake to annul the charter, but it presupposes that the char, ter has been forfeited bv the Bank's suspension of specie payments. What the act has taken for granted, must, like other matters, be submitted to judicial cognizance, and be regarded by the Court as open to free and full investigation. The ' Legislature has made no alteration of the law, by which the rights of the parties to this proceeding, are to be determined; and although the members of the General Assembly have indicated their opinion of the law of thjs case, that imposes no obligation on a Judge to conform to that opinion. The rights of the Corporation, whose Charter is under consideration, are the same now, that they were immediately after that Charter had been granted by iu1 tn .Ji-umiaspammmmBBsmmmm the Legislature. The temper of the times may influence political bodies, and* change popular sentiment, but if cannot & change the rules of construction governing private rights, under charter or contract. I do not, therefore, feel in the least emban rassed by any thing done by the Legislature, in approaching the important legal I questions. ujiich enter into the considcra! Lion of this case." The concluding sentences of this ex. j tract exhibit a manliness and dignity, I worthy of th? judicial station, and illus. j Irate the value of an independent judiciary?which is equally the corrective of popular violence and legislative tyranny f and. although the people may clamour* and the Legislature may prejudge and at, tempt to perpetrate wrong, an independent j ju liciary will ever fearlessly throw the | shield of the constitution and the panoply j of justice around private rights, and stay ; the uplifted arm of lawless power. Farther extracts from the opinion of Judge Butler. u Strictly spetfhing, a private corporatinn has its franchise indissolubly connected with its legal existence ; and, after it has been created, may maintain its existence, independent of the control of the authority by which it was created." 44 The suspension of a bank becomes a i subject of popular attention, and general j interest, from the fact that it affects deep. | ly the concerns of society. I will not say | that such suspensions, when brought about and continued by fraud and combi. j nation, may not amount to malfeasance, I and l>e regarded something like a nuisance, | lo be abated by judgment of forfeiture, upon the offending corporations. Intentional wrong deserves little countenance I ^ * from those who are employed in the judicial administrations of-the laws. But the j legal effect- of suspension, per se, is the ^ I naked question upon which I am asked * I pronounce my judgment. There are ; events that would justify a hank in the suspension of specie payments: such'as war, and the acts of God. Against these it can not be supposed that human sagacity and prudence are capable of guarding.*? .4 juncture of affairs, brought abdttf by human agency, originating infolly or crime, might be imagined, which would compel banks, in justice to the immediate community around thrm, to consult the laws of self presentation, by suspending specie payments for a time, such as secret combination's of foreign and hostile institutions | against one bank. But I will not go into topics of this kind. They were used with great ability and address in the argument of the case, bv counsel on both sides; but thry are rather subj *o!s of a popular character than matters of judicial cognizance. 4 The fact stated, ihat the bank continued to issue its own notes after it had suspended, was denounced on one side, as highly censurable in itself, and of mischievous tendency, yet the hank was exonerated from all intentional misconduct in so doing. On the other side it was said, that so far from this being an abuse, it was the only relief the hank could afford to the community, against the consequences ol* suspension ; and that this measure was resorted not so much for the advantage of the bank, as from a de-? ; sire to grant relief to others. Now, if | the bank, intentionally, by itself, or in 'combination with others, had broifght | about the state of things that occasioned the suspension, to make unlawful gains, by issuing depreciated paper, a question of seriou* importance would have been presented. As Ihe case now stands, this ^ is tha fact, that, after the bank had re-* j fused to pay on demand its outstanding debts, it continue I to contract others of. the same kin.j. I' does not follow, from this that it was unable to pay all its. debts. It seems to bo conceded, as a legitimate principle in bankihg. that a barfk may have in circulation bilis to three times the amount of its actual capita!, upon, which it commenced to do business. When a hank does business in this way, it becomes a hank "of circulation, opernting ou irs own credit, yvhich is performed by exchanging its own notes payable to hearer on demand, in coin, fjy the promissory notes of individuals, payable at a fu| ture fixed day: the latter paying a per fcentage per annum, equal to the interest ! on a loan of capital, for the advantages they consider themselves as enjoying by dealing in the market with the credit of the hank instead of their own." In such an operation as this, the bank must rely on its debtors, as well as its actual capital, to enable it to meet its engagements. The very nature cf the business, however, must always expose it to the danger of supension. It does not appear that the ? t !1_J Kank of" South Carolina nas ever avaueu itself of tliis principle to the full extent. At the time of its suspension, it seems it had in circulation of its own bills, $750,* 000?very little more than half its capital. Its ultimate ability to pay all itsdebts was not denied. Its credit was un* questioned, and when it did business after its refusal to pay specie on demand, it did so, without disguise or fraudulent designAs a bank of circulation, it operated on its own credit, with an ability ultimately tomeet its liabilities. 44 It was conceded, on all sides, that the Legislature has no control over a private charter after it has been granted. Since the decision of the DarmoMh College case% >? nnei*iir\n A ftP.T (I OTt? <-/6tO W nut. Ull ^, w. f ~ *~ talc corporation has been once created, and private rights acquired under it, it would be an act of legislative perfidy, to annex new provisions without the consent of the corporators * " I do not regard the power to issue * Sound doctrine and noble sentiment combined ; and. although having another aim, how does it put to shame the faithless politicians, wb ?, gvipg to party what was meant for tneir country, avow ihetr readme*? to un-V furl the infamous and jacobin banner of repeal; against a new na'ional bank, solemnly char* tercd by Congress.?Char. Courier. ? if