Farmers' gazette, and Cheraw advertiser. (Cheraw, S.C.) 1839-1843, August 04, 1841, Page 146, Image 2
???????? . ' ?
and reborn Denied throu2^out the country,
came to the conclusion that the post and
rail, and the stone fence, (wherever the
materials for its construction abound) was
host adapted to the country and the in.
t'%rert?sof fhr "farmer, Ffaving determin.
cd in favor of the pqst with five rails, for
genera! purposes, hf says :?
" I turn niv attention to that particular j
kind, and will proceed to provide for its!
future supply. Plant an acr? of ground
with chesnut and locust seeds, five-sixth,
of it with chcKfiut for rails, and one-sixth
with locust for posts. Four trees will j
prow on a perch, making six hundred and ,
forty on the acre. I suppose that forty j
of them will fail, leaving six hundred (
t?f ea, each of which will produce in thir- j
iy years, and every twenty to twentv-five j
rears afterwards, twenty rails or pasts,
i ?? _L" ?u :
wriicn win viein m e;icn ciuuu^ t
thousand posts and rails, or two thousand
pannels. Then say the acre of land is
worth eighty [dollars, it will reduce the
materials to four cents per pannel, which
with making and putting up will not excoed
tw entv-five cents. In point of dura, I
v hilitv I am persuaded that it will be exceeded
by none ext-out the stone, ana it wil j
-have ani advantage over that by being j
i?:ovca'de wheh necessary."
. Mr. Worth's reasons for preferring the 1
locust post and chestnut rails are thus sta- i
' ted. "it occupies less ground than any (
other?the borders of the fields are easily
kept clean?the great durability of the
materials?the ease with which they may
heohfained hv every farmer, as the trees
flourish in a tolerably good anil in every
part of our country. One acre thus ap.
propriatod insufficient for a farm of five
hundred acr< s?and consequently, a quarter
o? an acre will lie abundant for a farm :
of one hundre 1 acres. To what better or '
more profita! le purpose can so9mall a por- j
lion of the Best land on the farm he iip- j
preprinted? The only objection, is, that
there is no immediate availability?that
from t wcnty.fivo to thirty vears must olapse
before the trees can be made into
rails. This objection is as unsatisfactory
. ps it ? unsound. There, are thousands
who. if they were nenr to appropriate sufficient
ground, according to the size of
"their farms, and plant it as proposed, may
with the blessing of Providence, five toenj??v
its advantages for years. What! not
-l-?* - a. o irrnt'o nf IaaiwI rvr
|JI<tllt <111 Wli.nnni. wi n ^iu<v vi v>
a cluster of maple, bpcause we may not .
live to enjov the benefits thereof! Such
sentiments should never find an abiding
place in the bosom of an American farmor;
for every intelligent man knows full
well, that every measure ofthis kind tends
? not merely to addrn and beautify his plan.
tation, but also greatly to increase its
prospective value. Every farmer should
see without delay to having his grounds
suitably stocked with tree**.
It is estimated that a fence of locust
posts and chesnut rails, with very little
repair, will last for at least sixty years, so
that the necessities of the farm would require
only the third cutting of the timber
?the two intermediate cuttings, yielding
thirty thousand poets and rails are ready
for a market, which would be readily
found, and which at the low rate of five
dollars a hundred, would give the owner
of the farm an average gain of twenty
dollars, for each and every year the acre
of land was thus appropriated?in addition
to furnishing ail necessary fencing
for the farm. Thi?, dating from the
commencement, is a handsome profit.
Cedar ]X)s? and rai1 fence..?Taints (*arjiett,
esq., a name familiar to the reading
farmer,says: " I can affirm, from my
own experience, that a cedar past and
?-,il f..<nr>o ixifhrmf nnv Iln? mater.
" ~ ? \
ials for which grow spontaneously over a
Urge portion of Virginia,, and will grow
by planting almost any where in the United
States, will last, without the slightest
repair, from thirteen to fourteen years;
and may he made to last six or eight
years longer, by a few occasional supplies
of rails and posts. I also know from my
own experience, that either cedar, chesnut,
or Ineust, the last of which is more
durable than either, will in fourteen years
grow sufficiently large to make the fence i
anew, if planted hv the side of it one or ;
two to each panncl."?Mr. GamelCs ad- j
dres ? before, the Fredericksburg Va.% i
Agricultural Society.
A great diversity of opinion has pre- |
vailed among many persons, as to the best
time for cutting timber, so as to insure itsgreatest
durability. Some recommend j
- the summer season, some the fall, others;
the winter when the sap, has generally do- j
A/] ?( U 1/t It A IU Uif'il t\ I . A U..k*A. i
purfiuru f %>uiir: uiiioia ri^ciui v? ijii imvc
entcre ! info a careful investigation of
thesubpM, have come to the conclusion
that the most suitable period for felling
timber, is.in the spring while the sap flows
freely. This will no doubt be considered
as rank heresy by many of those who j
an not regard w ith complacency, what
jy deem innovations on the old and favorite
systems. But this opinion is gaining
ground ; from the simple circumstance
that it is wellsustainec by incontroverta
ble facts.
An old and observing friend, Capt.
Cooper of the Navy, furnished for publication
some time since in an agricultural
work, a variety of fnCt:M touching this important
mattrr; from which it clearly ap(tears,
tl a: spring, that is, while the sap is
il r I .L i i i- r
Mowing ir.^ iy, is me uosi lime ror cuuing
tiinlter.* The lute Joseph Cooper, Esq.
Farmers' Cabinet, vol. iii. p. e9.?one
/act we give.
"J. C. (Joseph Cooper, E*q ) infermedmo
that a' detachment of British troops crossed
trom Piuladelpha on the 1st day of May, in
1777, and on the 2d commeoced cutting down
his woods for the supply of the army, and at
the sa ne time to hum up his fencing, which i
they completely accomplished. " But," said
he, 44 they tawgh; rne tlie proper tune to cu*
tirpber to make it last. After they marched
off, I found that many trees that were not cut
jnto cord wood : those 1 split info mis, beJievui?
at the same time ther Would soon de
warmly advocated this system. In the
same paper, page 4, is a communication
recommending the month of August, (
within one day of the time, when the
moon is full, as the best period for cutting
all kinds of onlc. But it is urged, in order
to gu-jrd it from decay, to immerse the
wood, immediately after is cut and split
to the dimensions required, in lime and
water, io which it is to remain a year atfording
time for the particles of lime to
penetrate the pores of the wood. This
lime water is to he frequently agitated.
l iiis process requires * vni, wnicu iiih^
be sunk in the ground at a little expense.
The water and lime should be of the con.
sistenceof white.wash. If the durability
of the timber is promoted by this process,
it is evidently owing to tho antiseptic J
quality of the lime-water, with which it is |
saturated, and not to the mere circuni-!
stance of cutting the timber in the month
of August.
The editor of the Genncsee Farmer,
and a host of his correspondents, recorn ;
mend cutting timber in the winter, a* its",
durability depends upon its being cut when
free from sap. Joshua Howard says, ti?at j
from twentv.years experience in the pre. j
servation of timber, the best time to cut-*
it to insure durability, is when the tree is
in its greatest vigor?which, in the Inli-- '
tude of his residence, Dearhornsville, N:
Y., is-abo'.it the middle of June. He cites i
a case in which a man was convinced against
his will. A farmer 111 North Caro.
lina wishing to fence a certain lot, wont
to work according to the old theory, and i
cut his rail timber during the full of the ,
moon in February. When he came in,;
May to put up his fence he was deficient i
about forty pannels?he went into the j
woods, cut the requisite quantity, and pill j
it up as the only alternative. Ten or |'
1 ' . f/t An UVQMlll.iniT tl '>J ,
twelve yt'arsttiict wiiiu u.i
fence, he was exceedingly surprised toj
find that the rails cut and split in May j
were infinitely mere sound than those cut
and prepared in February. There are
thousands of similar cases.
A great variety of plans have been proposed
for the preservation of timber. The <
late Samuel Preston, of Stockport, Pa., '*
was satisfied from experience, that posts <
set with the top part in the ground .wijl '
last from three to four times as long as 1
when they are set with the but-end 1
down. Daniel Longstreth savs that pen- <
stocks and other timbers exposed to wet |
or dampness near the water wh^el, are |
placed by many inill-rights with the top \ <
end downwards, as they are found to be \ <
more durable than when placed in a difif- 1
ent position. Chasing posts has been <
strongly recommended and extensively '
practised, without, however, answering '
fully the expectation of its advocates. 1
Wood tar has been recommended as a pre |
scrvative of timber. A correspondent of |
the Farmers'(Va.) Register, cites several i
very interesting cases which go to prove
that pasts cut, and putin the ground green, i
will remain perfectly, sound many years after
well seasoned posts, in the same line 1
of fence in the same soil, and put *?n at <
the same time, have entirely decayed. '
We need, however further experiments on '
all those points. <
FU03I THE HIGHLAND JIESSENGKH. 1
CHEROKEE INDIANS.
In proportion as this unfortunate race *
of people recede before the hitherto rests- J i
ties* march of the white man,, every thing I
connected with their history, or in anvj!
way calculated to throw light upon their | i
chaiacter, manners and customs, beeomos i1
matter of interest. I; has al ways been 11
the misfortune of the world, that the most ).
favorable opportunities for collecting his- j i
torical facts have been sutiered to, pass |
unimproved, and it was not. in most cases, t
until the generation witnessing the events 1
n o
had passed away, that any one seemed to |
hav thought of making them matters of I
record. So it has been in regard to the <
Cherokee Indians. North Carolinians
have had abundant opportunities to col.
lect a fund of interesting and useful nis- '
torical matter in reference to this pnoph, 1
which, if treasured up would have been 1
entertaining and instructive, for gem ra
tions to come. But these opportunities '
toa very great extent, have been suffered to '
pass by. and now we either seek in vain, '
or rely upon the vague statements of in- J
different witnesses for those facts connected
with their history, which justice to the
future required that some competent witness
should have made a matter of record.
We lately spent a few days among
that portion of those Indians who, under
different treaties, have Seen citizenized,
and are now living in the hounds of this
State.?With the law, or policy, under 5
?'l I"' hi/.li tV,r?,r u ??rft siifn.Pf.ri In re*. <
ami i/v ? mvii u<v t w, ^ vm iwmain,
we at present have nothing to do. <
On that subject we have not been sulfi- 1
cicntlv informed, to make up ?n opinion
altogether satisfactory tooursclves. though
as yet we have neither seen or beard any
thing contrary to the belief that their re- 1
maining here, is in perfect accordance *
with equal justice and good policy. A- i
bout their present condition, however, we i
may venture a few remarks, as we were i
somewhat particular to acquaint ourselves i
with it correctly. I
There are two settlements or towns in I
this State N. C. one rn *he waters of Ocono ;
Lufty river in Haywood county, and the I
other is, we think, in Cherokee county, j
on a creek called Chenee. The former, i
(the one we visited] contains about seven I
hundred people, and the latter from four
to five hundred. '
Of the seven Hundred in Haywood, we 1
saw at least' rive hundred. Ityore than i
four hundred we together rol igious <
meeting, and without a single exception I
they were all comfortably clad, ahd had 1
every appearance of beihg'fts-Weil fed and
; 4
cay, hrm their being cut in t he spring?but I
have been airreetbiy d;6;ippouited-? most of
them are.a* p??und no* ak when made into <
fence." This he related five.and twenty or <
thi'ty years a/ter the peace cf 'S3. I
as healthy as we would expect to find the
same number of people i:i any nation or
in any country. Their clothing was all
plain, not tossy coarse, hut it was such as
would make them altogether comfortable
?in most cases it was cfleari, and what
was much to their praise it was mostly
of their own manufacture. Their cabins
presented, tC-bo-sure, but little neatness,
or what the more civilized and . refined
would call comfort, but they, with their
corn fields, potatoo nnd bean patches,
presented an assurance that their owners
were like, for the ensuing year at least, to
have an abundance of the necessaries of
Iifr?, and to be able to enjoy them under
. .. . 4% .1 * r>
full protection Irom Me inclemencies oi
the season. In reference to their situa.
tion, as it regard* sustenance, we confess
we were never more agreeably disappoin.
tod in our lives.
They still retain many of the ancient
customs of their fathers, though we were
i'lforiniw! that many had been lost. Very
few of them speak or understand the Eng.
!ish language, and we are much inclined
n
to the ops cion that it will be well for them
to remain so, at least for a considerable
trroe lo come, as a knowledge of that
language would bring thorn into an association
witii a class of the whites, from
whom they would be like to learn many
voices, and perhaps no virtues. > At pie.
sent-they are proverbially sober, and for
the inoet part industrious.?They have a
temperance society, to which with five or
six individual exceptions, they all belong,
and no people on earth adhere more rigidly
to their pledge. The principal Chief
informedus that there were but three or four
individuals among them who drunk spirit at
ail, "and these," he added, " ne.ret
drink here?they always oo among thi:
whites to get drunk ! !" A fact thai
must be looked upon bv all, as any thing
else than creditable to the white man.
We are satisfied ourselves, that the true
cause why the Indian race has always
been found to decline, and in some tribes,
to become extinct, when surrounded in
their settlements by the whites, is to be
sought for in this very fact, uihey go among
the whiles to get drunk /" By indulging
in this propensity, they neglect
to make the necessary exertions to procure
a sustenance, and in consequence,
live a great portion of the summer season
nn weeds and roots, which naturally, pre.
pared as they are by them, induce disease,
particularly among the children, and an
exterminating death ensues. In place of
declining, we have no sort of doubt but
lhat they will prosper and do well, though
entirely surrounded by settlements of
whites, if they can be kept sober. And
we have as little doubt of theij being kept
M)ber, if proper exertions be made on the
p;irt of those whitos who act as their a.
gents, and otherwise have influence amnn<r
them.
>9 -Those
of whom we have been speaking,,hnv$
rigid laws against drunkenness,
lahbath-breaking, and other more prominent
vices, which they most vigorously
enforce. From eighty to ; a hundred
among them are members of the church,
and at present, they are favored with the
constant services of a minister, sent
imong them as a missionary, by the
Methodist church.
We were particularly interested with
;ome specimens of their mechanical skill,
[n one instance, at his request, the Agent,
Mr. W. H. Thomas,) had supplied a
uprightly young India n with a set ofblackunithirtg
tools, who v/ent immediately to j
work, and in a tew months presented hi4
penefactor with a percursion pistol, lock,
stock and barrel?entirely of his owu ;
manufacture. The pistol is now in our j
possession, ready ac any time for the in*
>pection of the curious. Finding that we ,
were interested in Iheir work, they kindly
promised that at a future day, they would
furnish us with a variety of specimens
ione up in their best style.
Pfi'/*ic.?We have heard a good story j
>f a physician well known in Boston, who ;
ri! i p;.r:.v -'it his house one evening. It j
t i those (lavs, when it was common
?< h in i to voiir guests a glass of wine,
'hiring their visit. On this occason, hy '<
iome mistake of the servant, some bottles
with wine of Epicac, were decanted, and
sipped at, and drank, by the jovial guests.
Prcttv soon, the demonstration that it was
vcrv goon medicine, became manifest?
those who only sipped, escaped with a 1
few qualms?but those who drank deep,
were desperately sick for a time. What
with the emetic and its effects, and the
wonder of the doctor that his wine (on
which he prided himself) should produce '
*ur.h consequences, it was one of the most j
excited parlies of the season?-but not one
of the most agreeable. The sufTerers remembered
it for a. long time.
YANKEE INGENUITY.
The laughter loviDg editor of the N. E. !
Review, says that on a trip to Albany, he .
sfav'd all night at one of the hotels near
the river. He went to bed, but was soon
awakened by an army of bed-bugs, who '
made a fierce and simultaneous attack
jpon him, "front, flank an' rear!"? .
f'nwnrit 11Lra. h* flpd to tho miitrtln n f thp 1
floor, and secured a blanket and a pillow, 1
ind bivouacked there for the remainder of
the night. Here they charged on him 1
igain, and routed him completely. He (
-oared lustily for Boniface, and begged
fiim to send up a pint of molasses. This '
was done?when his qutllship proceeded
very deliberately to draw a circle upon .
the floor, with the molasses, about 10 feet
in diameter. . After shaking himself thoroughly
on the outside of this magic ring, j
fie ventured within .it,-anti slept quietly
till morning! N. Y. Sun.
. r 1 ?<? ...
It is thought the tolls of the New York
Canal this year will .exceed two millions of (
iollars. At the Niagara office the re- . ,
feints exceed those of the whole last ye#f .
iy #10,000. I
t
I COH?VEm?Ul?
t
- / SlETf ATK.
Fiscal Bank.
The time of the Semite was taken up
mosily in considering the Bank bill from
the 2lsr to the 28th. Various amend.
| ments were offered by the opponents oi
I the bill, which after discussion were re.
jected. The hill having first been con.
sidercd in qua*i committee, came up again
in form. when the amend ments adopted
in committee were finally passed upon,
and most of thein concured in. The
amendment allowing ten stockholders tc
examine the private accounts of individuals
was not concured in. The amendment
forbidding the bank to issue bills less
than ten dollars was changed by substitu.
ting 5 for 10, and reserving to Congresn
the right at any time to prohibit the eniis.
sion of hills less than 810.
A a. j a.' . rr> j
Amun^ me nmennmenis oTierea was
the following, July 26th, by Mr. Tappan
of Ohio.
Sec. . And he it further enacted,
That this being all act to create a fiscal
agent of the Government of the United
Stules, Congress hereby assert the pow.
er. under the Constitution, to alter or repeal
the same at pleasure, except so far as
it provides for the payment of the loans
which may be contracted under its pro.
visions. ..
Mr. Benton said the amendment enabled
them to pass on the broad principle
of repeal: when the other National Banks
were established, no notice was given of
any intention to repeal. He held it the
duty of the Democracy to go on and nev r
give the subject up until they had de.
Proved it. '
The question was then taken on the
adoption of Mr. Tappan's amendment,
and stood as follows:
Yeas.?Messrs. Allen, Benton, Buc' anan,
Calhoun,, Clay, of Ala., Cuthbert,
Pulton, King, Linn, McRoberts, Mouton,
Nicholson, Pierce, Sevier. Smith, of Conn.
Sturgeon, Tappan, Williams, Woodbury,
Wright, Young?21.
Nays?Messrs. Archer, Bnrrow, Bates,
Bayard, Berriem, Choate, Clay, of Ky.,
Dixon, Evans, Graham, Henderson,
Huntington, Kerr, Mangum, Merrick,
Miller, Morehead. Phelps. Porter. Prentiss,
Preston, Rives, Simmons, Smith, of Indiana.
Southard, Tallmadge, White, Woodbridge?28.
On the 27th after some speeches had
been mnde for and against the bill, Mr,
Clay of Ky. after stating that the friends
of a bank finding that the bill in its present
form could not pass, there being 2G
against it to 25 for it, had after consultation
come to (l compromise, and after ex.
plaining and advocating at some length
an amendment which he held in his hand,
he moved its adoption. It was to strike
out a portion of the 16th fundamental
rulo sanrt In in?f>rt thi* firtllnwintr:
"And the said directors may also establish
one or mors competent offices of discount
and deposite in any territory or
district of the United States, and in any
State, with the assent of such' Sta'e; and
when established, the said office or offices
shall not be rcmored or withdrawn by
the said directors prior to the expiration
of the charter, without the previous assent
of Congress: Provided, in respect to any
State which shall not, at the first session
of the Legislature thereof held after the
passage of this act, by resolution or othsr
usual legislative proceeding, unconditionally
assent or dissent to the establishment
of such office or offices within it, the assent
of the said State shall thereafter be
presumed ; and - provided, nevertheless,
(hat when it shall become necessary and
proper for carrying into erecution any of
the powers granted in the Constitution, to
establish an office or offices in any of the
S'ates whatever, and the establishment
whereof shall he directed by law, it shall he
the duty of the said directors to establish
such offi-c or offices accordingly."
Mr, Rives followed at great length
against the amendment.
Mr. Preston addressed the Senate in favor
of the amendment.
Messrs. Calhoun, Walker, and Buchanan,
each spoke at length in opposition to
it.
Mr. Clay rejoined, and was followed by
Mr. Rives in reply at a very censiderable
length; when the question was taken on
the adoption of the amendment, and decided
in the affirmative as follows:
Yeas?Messrs. Barrow, Bates, Bayard,
Berrien, Choate, Clay, of Kentucky,
Dixon, Evans, Graham, Huntington,
Kerr, Manguim, Merrick, Miller, Morehead,
Phelps, Portir, Prentiss, Preston,
Simmons, Smith, of Indiana, Southard,
Tallmadge, White, Woodbrige?25.
Nays.?Messrs. Allen, Archer. Benton,
Buchanan, Calhoun, CIny, of Alabama,
Cuthbert, Fulton, King, Linn, McRoberts,
Mouton, Nicholson, Pierce, Rives, Sevier,
Smith, of Connecticut, Sturgeon, Tappan,
Walker, Williams, Woodbury, Wright,
Youncr?24.
? ?
Here there were cries of u question on
engrossment?question on engrossment."
The question being thon taken, the
vote stood for engrossment. Yeas. 25,
Nays, 24. the names the samo as on
adopting Mr. Clay's amendment.
July 29'*. The Fiscal Bank bill hav.
ing been read a third time, and on the
]uestion " Shall this bill pass ?"
Mr. Bentan rose to deliver his views
igainst the amendment of Mr. Clay,
which had been engrafted on the bill yesterday.
He said, if the charter was
brought before the Sup*erne Court by a
writ of error, it would be reversed at once.
He said he would undertake to go into
Court with his writ, and return with a reversal
as soon as the papers could be read.
Mr. B concluded his remarks with a
motion tp postpone the bill indefinitely.
Mr. Dixon replied toYfr. Benton, and
controverted, his position that the amendmentpf
Mr. Clay of yesterday surrenderid
the branching power to the States.
He contended that, although there was
no express power in the Constitution authorizing
Congress to incorporate a bank,
| with or without branches, or within or
j without the District of Columbia, vet the
11 same might be done by Congress whenev
f er they were convinced that such institu[
I tion would # be necessary and proper in
carrying into execution any of the ex
press substantive powers conferred by the
1 Constitution on Congress.
I Mr. Woodbury made a brief remark in
> favor of postponing the hill. He pronoun!
ced it defective in detail, and said he
k hoped it would be postponed at least until
a better could be matured.
The question was tben taken on the
1i indefinite postponement, and decided in
' the negative 21 to 28.
1 FCries of" Question ! Question !"]
Mr. Henderson said he did not rise to
make speech, but simply a confession. If
1 he had been present on yesterday, he
should have voted against the amendment
but he had withdrawn rather than vote
' against the proposition of those with
whom he had been politically associated,
lie was opposed to the principle, the time,
manner, and occasion. IIo should vote
for the passage of the bill.
1 The question was then token on the
1 passage of the bill, and decided in the affirmativc,
as follows:
Yeas?Messrs. Barrow, Bates, Bayard, t
Berrien, Choate, Clay of Kentucky, Dix-1
on, Evans, Graham, Henderson, Hunting.
[ ton, Kerr, Mangum, Merrick Miller, More.
head, Phelps, Porter, Prentiss, Preston,
1 Simmons, Smith, of Indiana, Southard,
Tallmadgc, White, Woodbridge?25.
Navs?Messrs. Allen, Archer, Benton,
Btichannan,'Calhoun, Clay of Alabama,
Fulton. King, Linn, McRoberts, Mouton,
Nicholson, Pierce, Rives, Sevier, Smith,
of Connecticut, Sturgeon, Tappan, Walk,
er, Williams, Woodbury, Wright, Youug
-23.
As soon as the vote was announced,!
there was a very considerable sensation j
of applause in the galleries, which occa. 1
sinned one or two taint cries from below of I
" Clear the galleries." No attempt how.
ever was made to do so.
T e only other business of importance
done by the Senate was the passage of a
! konbnmf Kit! nn fkn OUrft Full/, aftut St
iraimi isiiif uii niv u# v ? j
discussion of some hours. The vote |
stood 26 to 23. Of the Democrats Messrs.
Mouton, Walker, Williams and Young
voted for ft; of the Whigs J/essrs. Archer,
Bayard, Graham, Prentiss, Preston and
Rives voted against it. A motion to in.
elude hanks in the provisions of the lull
failed by a vote of 16 to 34.
HorsR or Representatives.
July 22d and 23rd were consumed in
debate upon a resolution to appoint a
committee of nine to take evidence du- j
ring the recess, as to the operation ol the |
present system of revenue; the object being
to procure information bearing upon '
a rev sion of the tariff*. The resolution
finally passed, 100 to 104. Mr. McKeon (
soon afterwards moved a reconsideration ^
of the vote, which passed on the 24th.
and the resolution was laid on the.table.
The Duty Bill was then taken up, and
Mr. Fillmore made an expose of the con.
dition of the treasury, showing that the
additional revenue to be raised bv it, was
necessary, and that it did not interfere
with the compromise.
July 20th 27th. and 28th. were spent 1
in considering the revenue bill, in Committee.
On the 28th. a motion to ter.
i minate the debate, and report the bill on
Friday the 30th. prevailed.
The hank bill from the Senate was re.
ceived by the House on the 28th. end
il/r; Sergeant, chairman o; the financial
committee, having licen asked which hill;
he would press, the one from the Senate ;
or the one reported by himself, replied j.
that he would prefer the Senate's bill. j ^
When the bill providing for a home |'
( squadron was under consideration in the
; House of Representatives, July 2lst Mr. | J
Gordon of New York complained of being ; t
called upon to vote away money borrowed
whilst the proceeds of the public lands .
had been given away to spendthrift states.
Mr. Morgan of N. Y. replied that the loan
of $12,000,000 had been made to pay a (
debt contracted by the last administration, t
of which his colleague was a devoted ad. s
rocate and supporter. After some other i
members had spoken, 1
Mr. Campbell of South Carolina said r
that he rose principally for the purpose of 1
replying to the remarks of the gentleman *
from New York, [Mr. Monday.] who had c
said that the loan of 812,000,000. recently j 8
authorized was intended to pay the debts P
contracted by the late Administration, "
and, that no part of it could be applied to a
the defences of the country, Mr. C. re- b
greted the introduction of party questions, *
particularly upon subjects of national itn. ?
portance, upon which, if possible it was de- b
I ftirable that all should be united. But *
he would ask that gentleman to say, whe- ^
thcr the loan was not intended to meet 0
not only an existing, but an anticipated C
deficiency in the Treasury ; and whether c
he and the party with whom he acted in h
this House, had not added to the antici- 2
pnted deficiency, by voting away the pro- G
cceds to arise from the sales of the public e
lands, amounting, according to the esti- v
mate of the Secretary of the Treasury, to
$2,500,000 annually, but which might
fairly be set down at a much larger a- jj
mount, and thus increased the anticipated i ;a
deficiencies in the Treasury to that; 3
amount. I j
The Chair pronounced the discussion i ft
to be out of order. i v
Mr. Campbell resumed, and said, that n
althodgh be yielded to the decision ofip
the Chair, he did so reluctantly, for he had | A|
not supposed it wu oqt of order upon a I 0
question which looked to the defences of the
country* in reply to the gentlemen
from New York, to show that not only &L
the time of an acknowledged deficient))* "
in the Tteasury, but with a cruel Indian '
war raging on our Southern border j with
our navy* our gallant little navy* that'had
won us so many laurels in qp reduced a
condition as to be incapable dfcontendiag
upon equal terms with the navy of any
respectable European power; with our
' fortification* in a state of dilapidation and
ruin ; with the ense of IfcLeod unsettled,
and the ilfainc boundary question Quae*
justed, the gentleman, and the party with
whom he acted, had abandoned that great
fountain of national wealth,. the public ^
land; and had thus weakened our means
of defence.
If the proceeds arising from the S?Im
of the public lands, instead of being dis.
I tribued among the States^were added to
i the regular appropriations for the increase
of the navy, and for successive years ex*
clusivelv to that object, the day would
not he distant when we would enabled to
compete on the ocean, even with that
proud nation, which has so long horne'tho
trident of the seas. Then we should hear
hut little of American merchantman, ho.
ing searched without the authority of
treaty, or detained at the mere*discretion
of a Lieutenant, that stept the'quarter
deck of a British cruiser. Then would
we be able to place ourselves upon the
elevated position of making no improper
demand of others, and of yielding to nooe
as he trusted we never would, that were
improperly made upon us. Then, air,
would wc march on in peace, undisturbed
by the jarring elements of European politics,
or the ambition of European powers
holding colonies in our neighborhood, to
the accomplishment of our high destinies.
Mr. C. did not anticipate a war4 be
trusted that the true interests both of this
country and England, were too well understood
to render such aw event at all ^0
probable. His hopes upon this subject/
were increased, from having vread in m
morning paper an extract from a late afl7
dress of Sir Robert PeeJJo the electors of
the borough of fan worth, w1m>t i*> the
event of the success cf the Conservative
party, in the great'struggle which is tow
agitating the British kingdom, it traa,
generally supposed would betat the lead
of the next British Administration, m
which he had expressed the most enljgi*
tened views in relation to the true pdnr
of England upon the subject of pe#e
with this country. And, in the eventr>f
the succass of the Whigs, and the
Ministry being retained in power#?
thought wo had no sufficient reasortc
believe, from the past, that their vN
would not be equally enlightened id
n _ ti u.ik.%
pacific, ne was unwilling iu imiw ?
pie heavily upon the hare possibility a
war, but he would appropriate every 1far
that could he spared from other ne* .
wry expenditures of the Governnmew?
completing the dtferfcek of *nd
putting the navy on * rwpecte
footing. He hoped that the veto ?a
this occasion would he a decisive one*support
of this favorite arm of natifci
defence. If the sum asked bytheill
bad been larger, he woufd cheerfully *
for it. J:-'- j
Mr. Stanly now moved that the cinmitten
rise and report the hill to the RoifS
The motion prevailing, the contmi^ee
rose accordingly, and the chairman re?
ported the bill to the House.
And the hill having been read thethm
time by its title, and the question bein; W
nn its fin *1 passage in the following form
viz,
A biil making appropriation for the pa}
subsistence, &c. of a home squadron
Br it eiiaci&l by the Senate and Houi
)f Representatives of the United States c
Itnerica, in Congress assembled, That, f
lie pay and subsistence, increase and r
Hurts medicines, and contingent expense
)f two frigates, two sloops, two small ve
els, and two armed steamers, to be' er
>loyed as a home squadron, the sutrt
icven hundred and eighty.nine thousai
hree hundred and ten dollars ia herel
tppropriated, to be paid out of any monr
n the Treasury not otherwise appriatei
The operation of the rule of the Hot!
says the Madisonian,) limiting speak#
o one hour works admirably. 1>
peeches are more condensed and effetve?the
Hall,is more fully attended^-ts
Rouse is kept on the qui vine% and bittess
goes on with unusual facility. ' lie
ndeed, a great discovery. ' The "peoJ#
vill npprove, and both parties wilk tin ie '
;nd, find it a happy rule. It saves tins,.
paceklabor, passion, money. The ne*.
a per a will be thankful for abort speech*
-they will be more generally publisld
nd rend, and the readers will thtiik tilth
etter of their authors. "Brevity is neout
of wit." A man of educatioo Sid
ood sense will speak with precision iid
revity. It is the empty headed aid
veak minded who^r verbose. ' Cbn.
ensation ia an evMc<& af talent; he
pposite is a sign ofshallowness; Mr. C
'lark, of New York, is entitled to he.
redit of proposing a rule like the one we
ave alluded to, at the beginning of the
6th Congress, and Mr. Wdrren, of
Georgia, and Mr, Holmes, of S. C? will
njoy the merit of having successfully re*
ived it.
\ ' '
A New System or tklsenapks.
One of the most important and useful
1 ventions we have seen for a hmjjj time
i a new system of telagraphi talented by
fonsieur Goxon, now temporarily a resu
cnt of this city. The plan ia now in auccesjltoperation
i n this city, and to an extent
rhich' trin give any oimC etva glance alios
t, an idea of fa tftitity end value.?
or the Government it would prove an
It.important invention in. time of war or
f threatened danger, and for individuals
J