+ iistiD mmm-awmm .fv
VOLUME VI. CHLRAW, SOUTH-CAROLINA, WEDNESDAY, TOS-14, 1841. NUMBER 35.
^ - . _ . . '
i i > | ll' *
By HI. MAC TEAJf. 1
? (
Terms:?Published weekly at three dollars a 1
yoar; with an addition, when not paid within ]
three months, of twenty per cent per annum. x
Two new subscribers inay take the paper at
five dollars in advance; ana ten at twenty. I
Four subscribers, not receiving their papers }
in town, may pay a year's subscription with ten ;
dollars, In advance.
A year's subscription always due in advance. '
P ipers not discontinued to solvent subscribers '
in arrears. I
Advertisements not exceeding 1H lines inserted 1
or one dollar the first time, and fifty cents each '
nbsequent time. For insertions at intervals of 1
two weeks 75 cents after the first, ami a dollar I
if the interval* are longer. Payment due in
advance for advertisements. When the number
of insertions is not marked on the copy, the
advertisement will be inserted, and charged til
t rdered out.
IT The postage must he paid on letters to the
-J:* Ilneinoofi nC th?? nfllcc
rcmcir "ii uit -vi??.? w ... ?
' MISC5:?,LAXEOlS.
TALES OF THE OCR AN.
BY J. 8. SLEEPER: DICKINSON AND CO. !
We have never met with a better col. t
lection of sea stories. Whether humorous <
or pathetic, they are written with great ?
spirit, and, as far as our slight knowledge j i
extends, with correctness 6f description. <
The following is from the *? Impressment <
of Seamen"?a paper giving details of i
British cruelty, which make the blood run <
cold even to imagine: i
^ 4,In the year 1810, a brig belonging to i I
Salem was overhauled by a British ciuiser j i
on the South American co-.st. The crew t
were composed of Americans, athletic, 1
fine looking fellows. But the cruiser was i
in want of hands, and the boarding offi- cer
ordered two of the seamen to pack up 11
their duds and go into the boat. The i
men were thunder struck, and the cap- ! i
tain remonstrated in the strongest terms j i
ngainst such an unjust and atrocious act. 1
The lieutenant shrugged his shoulders. (
DO
and coaly said that it was needless to mul- \ (
tiplv words about it, for the men he must ;
have?and notwithstanding their protec- !
koliaifn/l tkntf urnro Pn(rllshfTlP?l' '
There seemed to be no alternative?for1
with a man of war on the ocean, i
as well as a pirate, might often makes
right. One of the men silently resigned ;
^3 * O
himself to his fate, although ho was well j
aware that it was a dreadful one. The j
other, whose name was Barnes?a nohle
looking fellow of six feet in height, and
of fine proportions, protested against the
course adopted by the Englishman, declaring
himself to he a native American i
citizen, and entitled to the privileges of i
an American. The officer, however, was j
inexorable, and finding his orders reluct- i
antlv obeyed, was about to proceed to use j
force, when Barnes took his clasp knife j
from his pocket, opened it, and grasping!
it in his left hand, drew it across the palm
of his right hand?then, dropping the .
knife, he seized the fingers, and with a ]
wrench forced them back until they lay 1
parallel with the wrist, in the direction of
the elhow, at the same time exclaiming to
the astonished officer, 4Now take me, if you
like, on board your rascally craft?I shall
. be a cripple for life." <
^ Another Vmeriean was9eizcd on a similar
occasion. His protection w as disregarded:
and in consequence of his brave
resistance to tho British kidnappers, he
was taken on board their vessel, and
tchipjtei by order'of the captain. ,
4*Hia bonds were loosened, and he arose
from his humiliating posture. He glared
/ i i an A j
nerceiv nrotinn. j ne captain was siunuing
within a few paces from him, with a ;
demoniac grin upon his features, as if he (
enjoyed to the bottom of his soul the disgrace
and the tortures inflicted on the
poor Yankee. The hapless sutferer saw i
that smile of exultation; and that moment
decided the fate of his oppressor.
.With the activity, the ferocity, and al- :
most the strength of a tiger, the mutilated
American sprang upon the tyrant, and
grasped him where he stood, surrounded
by his officers, who for the moment seemed
paralyzed with astonishment; and before
they con Id recover their senses, and
hasten to the as*i ;rance of their commander,
the flogged American had borne
him to the gangway, and then clutching
him by the throat with one hand, and Armly
embracing him with the other, despite
his struggles he leaped wiih him into the ;
turbid waters of the Demarara! They I
parted to receive the tyrant and his victim
?then closed over them, and neither was
ever a Iter wards seen. Both had passed
to their last account."
INTERESTING FACTS.
According to the returns of the Afarshalls, !
by whom the la?e census wastakpn, :he State
of New York is hehind Pennsylvania in the
production of wheat, to the amount of about I
2.000,00(1 bushels annually; while it excels |
Pennsylvania in the production of rye over ,
3,000,000 bushels, of Indian corn 2.500,000
bushels, T oats over 2,000,000 bushe's, of .
buckwh' 300.(HK) bushels, of barley 2,000,. |
000 bu8?.-'la. of uotatoes 21.000,000 bushels, !
wool nearly 1,000,000 pounds, hav nearly 2,. j 1
000,000 tons, sugar over 8,000,000 pounds, j arid
of products of the dairy over $3,000,000. i
In the production of wheat Ohio exceeds j
Pennsylvania about 3,000,000 bushels, while ( <
Virainia 1 a hiif ahotif 1 1.2 million bushels i
behind New York in that article. In Indian
corn, Tennessee takes the lead of all the I
Stated. producing42 and a half millions of hush- ( '
trie yearly. North Carolina 3-1 and a half mil-1 ?
lions of bushels, Virginia about 34 mi lions of 5
bushels, Illinois 28 millions, Michigan 22 J
fnil'ions. Alabama 18 millions, Missouri 15 j
millions, Pennsylvania 13 an'! a half millions, ;
and New York 10 millions. Of neat cattle,
New York possesses 2 642,439, Pennsylvania *
146,416, Ohio 1,008,313. Of ebocp, New J
fork has 5391.225, Pennsylvan:a 3,386,431,
3hio 1,964,957, Vermont 1,393,480, Virginia
1,280786. In the product* of the orchard,
Vew York and Vermont lead the other States
tearly two to one?the former being to the
imnunt of 91,732,357. the latter 91,109,387.
n cotton Mississippi bears the palm, producing
rearly 289,838,818 pounds, Alabama 240,379,669
pounds, South Carolina 14^,807,880
pounds. Georgia 134,322.755 pounds, I/>ui*i*na
87,640,1*5 pounds, Virginia 10,707,251
pounds. Of Tobacco, Maryland produces 10
Tii'lions pounds, Virginia 14 millions pounds,
Ohio6 millions pounds,Tennessee 26,700,000
bs., Missouri 8,500000 pounds, and Indiana
lear 2 millions pouids
Philadelphia Saturday Courier.
& tpmg&e
From the Souihern Agriculturist.
on tlif cultur3 of rlcr-grass?
Leersia orizoides.
Pendleton Oct. 21, 1840. |
Mil. Editor:?In the hope of inducing
some of our farmers to turn their attention
from the exclusive cultivation of
cotton to the improvement of stock, I send
von the result of eight years' experience
in the culture of hav. on a piece of meadow
land, one mile distant from the village
of Pendleton, The branches, whose
united streams are sufficient to turn a
?mall grist mill, are kept continually running
over the meadow, except during the
harvest. A day before cutting we remove
a small obstruction placed in the natural
channel of the branch, when the
water leaves the land sufficiently dry for
the mowers to work and a narrow
wheeled two horse wagon to take off
about 800 lbs. a load. Immeditaelv after
harve?t, the bar is replaced across the
channel in a few minutes, by drawing
mud against a rail la d over it nnd the
land again put under water. Havingmade
abundant crops of hay several years, at
so little experse. I last year laid off one I
acre, had the wagon carefully loaded by ]
a white man, directing him to make1
every load as n^ar as possible of the same I
size, and on weighing one load, found the
average product of theacre to he more than
three tons, of two thousand pounds each
at the first cutting. The same directions
were followed this year, and the product
was more than four tons at the first cutting.
This great product may be attributed
to a late harvest, and a summer of
more rain.
The soil on which these crops were
made is the ordinary quality of low land
near the creeks, overflowed only by high
freshets. It had been cleared and cultirated
several vears, producing good crops
n drv'seasons. I first saw it in 1831, when
the corn on it was nearly destroyed by a
* 'OO 4 n/tA/I rv? nro
wet SPRsnnj in n pumui mui^
weeds than g,-ass, they were all moved
?'03 I was astonished hv the product of
hav, which has been good ever since.? !
This hnv is made from rice-grass, the
"Leersi/i Orizoides" of the botanist, called 1
Ximnle Will, in the upper country, it has I
a fine thin stalk covering from four to
five feet in length, but not being erect, it
does not stand more than three to four feet
on the ground; no part of the stalk is oneeighth
of an inch in diameter they have
been measured more than six feet long.
|
It grows well on the low grounds of
branches, and mav be found in every part j
of the state: it is killed bv frost, and docs j
not grow in the interior before May.
I have made various experiments with |
red clover, herd's grass, orchard grass, J
and timothy, the two former on wet and ,
dry soils; after two or three years they j
have been over-powered by the native
weeds, grasses, briers and shrubs, which
spring up spontaneously when the soil is
unbroken. The single enemy of the rice
grass is the rush, large and small, which
appears to be the onlv noxious growth of
land covered by running water, and this
is so entirely out-grown bv the rice-grass,
that notwithstanding its formidable ap- ;
pcarance in the soring, I have taken no
measures to eradicate it. By the end of
June the rush is so completely covered
hv'the grass, that it is scarcely thought of
until the ensuing spring. One great ad
vantage of this grass is, that you can
choose the time for cutting, as it does
not blossom earlv. Towards the end of
July it seems to settle or lodge in spots
hut I am not aware of any injury that
results. We enmmenco mowing with a
brier scythe the first fair weather after oat j
harvest?the task is a quater of an acre j
for the mower; one woman can toss and
turn half an acre, which should be done
as soon as it is cut and put up into cocks
^>v evening When the clew leaves them
next morning they are open at the top,
Fifter an hours' sun on the hay, cut before
twelve o'clock of the preceeding day,
mav be carted home and put away.?
Eight or twelve hours' sun is sufficient
to cure the hav of properly tossed and
turned immediately after cutting, which
is easily done with a wooden hav fork.?
\n iron fork is used for loading and unload,
ng the wagon.
The bloom and seeds onpoar late in
September. A few days before we expect
frost, a second crop is cut and harvested.
\s this occurs at a busy period of October,
we have never measured t' e product
">f an acre, it has been variously estimated
it a third or half of the first cutting.
I have never made my comparative exjeriments
of the nutritious qualities of
this hav, but have bf-en informed that it
sells in the Columbia market as readily as
Northern hay. One of our most experi.
I
enced farmers told me that he had preferred
it to corn blades when wagoning to
Hamburg.
Yours, respect fully,
t c. c. PkXCKNEY.
DURHAM STOCK AS MILKttRS.
From the Cultivator.
Under this title an article, or speech, is
going the rounds of our agricultural and
political papers, purporting to be from
Rev. Henry Colman, which ia pregnant
with so much error, and, coming from
that high and responsible source, of such
mischievous tendency, as I believe it, to
the welfare of our dairymen and stock
breeders, that although seldom appearing
before the reading public, I feel bound
at the threshold of its circulatio n, to eoter,
as the lawyers would say, my caveat a.
gainst it.
That there may be no misunderstand,
ingin the matter, let meat once remark,
that no one can have a higher respect
than myself for the exalted character of
Mr. Colman, in all that constitutes the
true gentleman and the honest man ; and
that no individual is so capable to accom.
plish the responsible and important duties
of agricultural commissioner of the proud
commonwealth of Massachusetts as him.
self. I have known him intimately for
years, and a knowledge of his worth and
of the high authority of his declarations
compels me, humble as are ray pretensions
to as?ume an attitude in opposition
to his remarks.
The value of the neat cattle in the
state of New York, according to the returns
of the late census for 1840, is not
less than $15,000,000; and probably exceeding
that amount. If to these be ndded
those of New England, which
are at least of equal value, it will present
an aggregate of thirty millions of dollars,
invested in that branch of agriculture alone.
Now, if by adopting an improved
breed of these animals, the same number
by exhibiting in their improved forms a
superior excellence, and an'additional
value of331-2 per cent., which is a very
moderate advance in the improved races,
it would swell this alrpadv vast capital
into the round sum of 810,000,000! This
fact will at once show that the subject is
of immense consequences to our farmers
at large, and of no trifling moment to all
in its details.
But for the purpose of illustrating my
remarks, and even at the hazard of adding
| to the prolixity of this paper, 1 will ask
I you to insert at once the article in que*,
tion. requesting you al?o. to number each
| distinct paragraph of Mr. Column's essay,
for more convenient reference :
From the Yankee Farmer.
" As we had not room last week to report
all the doings at the agricultural meeting,
and as the subject of Durham
stock, as milkers, compared with our native
cows, is of high importance to farmers,
we now copy Mr. Colman's remarks
in full, from his own report in the Courier
:
1. " Mr. Colman had not intended to
enter upon this discussion, but he felt it
due to his official relation to the farmers
of Massachusetts, to say that he had . the
pleasure of seeing the -mproved Durham
stock of the Messrs. Lathrops, of South
Ridley, and he thought them eminently
beautiful, and evincing great skill and
care in their management, on the part of
those gentlement. He had seen many of
the imported animals throughout the
country ; and one of the herds imported
for the Ohio Company, which he saw on
their way, was truly splendid, and in
beauty and perfection of form, far surpassed
any thing which he had ever witncssed.
2. " He must, however in justice, add
that he yet wanted the proof of the Durham
short horns being the best stock for
our dairies. Seven of the race which he
had owned, omc full and others half-blood
had been infe-ioras milkers. The quantitv
of milk oiven by many of the animal*
' L'* ?- L-L-J -1._ .
wnn'ii ne uau seen was reuitii tuim-; , im;
quality, in general, inferior ; though be
had found .some exceptions, which no believed,
were accidental.
3. " The Chesire farmers, who were
as distinguished as any in this country or
in any country for the produce of their
cheese dairies, preferred the native stock.
From a dairy of eighteen cows, an average
of 623 pounds new milk cheese to a cow,
in a year had been obtained. He bad
challenged in writing and conversation
the owners of the short horns in the counf
try to prove, by actual experiment, the
dairy properties of this stock; and he
would furnish a list of a hundred cows of
our native stock, which had made from
twelve to fourteen pounds of butter per
week, through the season. He was far
from having any predjudices against the
improved Durham-*. He was an cnthuiastic
admirer of them : hut he wanted
their dairy properties tested by nctual experiment.
4. " A very distinguished English far
m^r, Mr. SIiirrefT, who had made the tour
of this country, expressed hi* regret at
their introduction, and pronounced them
in his book the poorest daiiy stock in
England. We could not be ?:aid to have
formed any distinct race amors ourselves,
excepting the trials made by Mr. Jacques,
and a long continued improvement carried
on in reference to milch cows, in anotber
part of the state, upon which he had
reported. Much, undoubtedly, yet re
-s
mains to be done, but nothing in this re. i
spect can be effected but by skill, extreme
accuracy of observation, and long perse, j
verance.
5. " He thought the Durhams not well
adapted to the scanty pastures and, negligent
habits of many of our farmers^ All
high bred animals require particular care
and the most liberal feed. Two of the
finest oxen ever raised in the country
were of this stock. One, it is believed, a
full blood from Greenland, N. H., weigh,
ing orer 3,400 pounds, live weight, and i
one a half blood, raised in Clarcmont,
X. H.. and sent year before last to England,
for exhibition. His live weight
was sai^i to be 3.700 pounds ; and he was
pronounced in England, by the best judge*
of stock, as unrivaied for weight and thrift,
? , 1 11 r 1
and eminenny wen rormen.
6. " The best breeds would soon run
out if n^rligently or severely treated.
This race were undoubtedly well suited
to the rich pastures and abundant products
of the west of Kentucky and Ohio.
There they would flourish. What might
be done for own stock by more liberal
keeping, was yet to be seen. He had
known a calf from a native cow, at four
months old, to weigh ne.?r!v 400 pounds;
and nnother, at five months old, to weigh
i 600 pounds. If the improved Duiham
stock should prove the best for us, and he
kept his mind on this subject open to conviction,
we could at once avail ourselves
of th? distinguished improvements of half
a century's skill and loi! and expense, so!
liberally bestowed in England. At any
rate, the improvements which they had '
accomplished in England so obvious and
impressive to the most careless observer,]
read a most important lesson to us, and j
showed what might be done by skill and
care, by judicious selection, by steady
perseverance in a regular system, and by
liberal keeping; and presented, at the
same time, the most powerful motives to
exertion and enterprise in a branch of
husbandry, acknowledged by all to be of
the fi st importance."
Now, in reference to paragraph No. 1
of Mr. Col man, I have never seen the i
herd Messrs. Lathrop, of South Hadley ;
but if they are what Mr. C. represents,
they must be beautiful and valuable animals,
and a great acquisition to their neigh,
borhood, although I exceedingly regret
that he did not give the opinions of those
gentlemen as to their value and excellence
in the Connecticut Valley, and
the results of their experience regarding
them. A detail of their observations
would have been at least more satisfactory
than a summary condemnation without a
hearing.
Mr. Colman and myself visited the
Ohio Company's herd, which he mentions,
together in company at Buffalo in 1835,
as they were passing through from the
sea-board to Ohio, on their passage out.
They were in high condition, as few or
noneef the cows were then in milk, and
we had no opportunity to judge of their
capabilities for the pail; although 1 have
since learned that several of the cows
j were great and rich milkers. It must be
understood, however, that many of the
English breeders of high bred short horns
breed only for sale and the shambles, and
do not cultivate the milking qualities of
their cattle. This is nlmost universally
the case in Ohio, Kentucky, and the wesj
tern states, where the dairy forms no part
I of the farming business, and stock is reared
mostly for beef: but rroni the universal
tendency of the true short horns to excel 1
in milking properties!, when appropriated
to that purpose, I can have no doubt they J
wou d show as advantageously over the
nail as in the stall. When it is- considered j
j also, that owing to their scarcity and high
! value in America, all the females are em!
ployed in rearing their calves, and the
hulls, instead of being converted into
stores for the shambles, ore preserved as
stock getters, it is evident that comnara.
tivelv but few examples can he adduced
of their real superiority over the common
j of our country as milkers. S; ill, a
i sufficient number of specimens have been
shown, both in milk and beef, to demon,
strate that in each of those qualities the
i ii. .1 _ i
improved snort norns nave excenen an
that has yet been produced of our native
American stock.
In paragraph No. 2, Mr. C. remarks,
that he irants proof of the milking qualities j
of the short horns. His own. seven in j
number, proved inferior milkers, although
I he admits that several of them, either of j
| his own or which he had seen, were large j
J milkers ; hut he believes these exceptions
j to the general rule. That his own cows
1 proved had milkers prove nothing. What
was their blood ? Were thev of Inm rin<! j
Improved short horn descent? No data;
I is here given for us to judge of their prop- j
erti< s in this particular, and we are forced j
to pass on to.
Paragraph No. 3. The Cheshire and j
many other dairy farmers have long had I
an < xcellent stock of selected native cows, I
which have been propagated with partic- I
ulnr regard to their mi'king properties for j
mar v generations. Mr. Colman has tra- !
versed the whole state of Massachusetts
flpveral times, and out of the whole num.
her of oows that he has seen among many
thousands, hep-esent^a list of one hundred
of the nntive stodt which had made
twelve to fourteen pounds of butter per
week. He has also challenged, both in j
writing and conversation, the owners of,
short horns to prove their dairy qualities, j
T/l, ? W *
I doubt whether one hundred thorough |
bred short horn cows can he conveniently
produced at all in the whole states of New.
York and Massachusetts, so few are there
in comparison with the common stock of
the country. Ner do I believe five times
that number ofgrade cows of half blood
and upwards, can be easily found in either
state ; hut I will venture the assertion,
that where such cattle do exist, no matter
what their parentage may be on ihenativc
side, if they were directly bred from improved
short horn bulls, four out of every
five of them have proved superior milkers: I
and at least twenty percent, better in the I
aggregate than the ordinary cows around i
them. And 1 will also assert, that of the I
whole numoer of ihorough bred cows in ]
our country, nine out of ten are excellent, <
if not superior milkers, and twenty-five j
percent, above the average native cows, i
To illustrate this matter, as I have bred i
a large number of improved herd book <
animals of the highest blood, within the j
last six years, as well as many grade cat. i
tie from the native, Devon, and other i
breeds, I will state the results of my own I
experience, and also the opinions of ?un- 5
dry other breeders, with such fact9 as a \
hasty reference will permit. I
| In 1835, I bred ten or twelve half-blood <
heifers from three Devon and several 1
common cows of inferior quality and op. '
pearance. They were sired by my short j
horn hull Favorite, bred near Boston, '
j ])[n39.. whose pedigree will he found at !
j No. 2,039, 3J vol. Coate's Herd Book. <
| These heifers proved, without an excep. i
tion, good milkers ; much above the av- 1
crage. hoth for quality and quantity. In 1
1036,*7 and'8, I bred several one-half and
' ( |
three-fnurth blood heifers, also from Dev. (
ensnnd others, which, although many of ,
tbem were sold have so far as I hale heard j
from them, proved superior milkers. A
part of these were sired by my short horn j
bull Devonshire No., 9G9,2d vol. Coate's 1
Herd Book. I also had, during the years 1
from 1334 to near the close of 1839, a
herd of full bred improved short horns,
varying from four to ten milking cows,
of which all, with one exception, (and that
cow suffered an injury in her udder when
young,) were frst-rate milkers. One
cow gave often thirty qua, ts of milk per
day of good quality. Several of them
I gave over twenty quarts daily in summer '
I i - _ * c .i ; hi.
seed, ana nor one 01 mem gave yuov uum
or, as the term is, milked hard. They
were individually easy, pleasant milkers,
with beautiful silky udders, and handsome
taper teats and were, taken together,
mueh beyond the average run of native
cows as milkers. I have now a Durham
cow that has made her twelve pounds of (
butter per week, and of four full-bloods i
now in milk, every one is a superior milk,
er. 1 have also five or six half-bloods,
all of which are above the average of our '
native cows, hy twenty per cent, in their ,
milking properties. .
To corroborate my experience, I need <
only mention the evidence of such gentle. (
men as John Hare Powell, of Philadel- '
phia, who asserted to my father, that one \
of his full-blooded short horn cows had .
made twenty-two pounds of butter per |
week for several weeks in succession ; i
Gov. Lincoln, and Messrs. Wells, Derby, t
and Dearborn, of Massachusetts, who '
have been the owners of several grade and
thorough bred cows; Francis Rotch, Esq. ,
of Butternuts, iu this state, who has re- ,
peatedlv testified to the superiority of his <
short horns as milkers, and to his entire I
I experience, probably equal, if not superior '
to thatof nnv other gentleman in Ameri- I
ca, of the superiority of the short horns in 1
their purity and in the;r grades, as milkers.
I need not add the names of many \
other individuals who have repeatedly tea- |
tified to these facts, as a reference to our *
i agricultural papers for the last five years
| will corroborate all that I remark. And '
| last of all, I will assert 'hat Colonel Jac- J
: que*' fancifully ycleped " Creampot"
j breed of milkers, and which I saw in com- <
[panywith Mr. Col man himself, are sim- \
ply a cross of a thorough bred short horn \
bull with a native cow, then at Col. Jac- '
ques'farm, of good size and appearance. ^
of a deep red color, and with an apparent 1
dash of Devon blond in her veins. His
bull that he then used was nearly or quite c
a thorough bred short horn, and all his ?
heifers were high in that blood. This
same stoek of cattle. Mr. C. has himsHf
j highly recommended in one of his agri. c
cultural reports, and wo were together '
iritnoc.'t.c nf I ho cnrn???iinrr rirh. .
| ilMU- ? > <.w. ..... .....p ^ .
ness of the milk and cream of these beau- z
tifiil roivs. With a few selected facts, I <
will c!?>se this testimony : I
1 r? 3d vol. of Cultivator, page 191. 1
Francis Eicon good's imported cow (she
was a Durham) gave, when her calf was c
two weeks old, thirty three and a half r
quarts of milk per day. Her feed was (
one and a half bushels ofbrewcr's grains j f
per day, with hay. '
In vol. 7, same work, page 132. Mr. r
Grower's short horn cow Dairymaid, for f
seven da vs gave an average of thirty-three g
and c half quarts per day. i
In New Gen nespc Farmer, vol. 1, page v
143 Samuel Canbv's short horn cow, j
Blossom, yielded for seven days over thir- t
tv five quarts per day, which produces
thirteen and a quarter pounds good butter. <
At page 149 same vol. Joiin Wether- *
bull's short horn cow, four years, old, gave ''
from twenty-six to thirty and a half t
quarts of milk per day, and in one week
\ l / it/ ? /. i>
jroduced eleven and a half pounds butter,
md in another week fifteen pounds.
In a Philadelphia paper of 1839.
1 Colonel Wolbert's cow, Isabella a pure
ihcrt horn, gave during seven days 194
juarts, or near twenty-eight quarts per
lay. which produced fourteen and three,
ourths pounds butter ofthe finest quality."
?o much for the assertion that " Durham
:ow9 are not good milkers."
In paraeraph 4, Mr. Colman introduces
js to the distinguished farmer, Mr. Shir,
pff, who has made the tour of this country
[f this same Mr. Shirreff, who by the way
[ never heard of before, be as profound
n his remarks upon our country, its in*
labitant sand their pursuits, a sa herd of
English travellers who have hitherto trun.
jled over it for the purpose, as it would
ieem, of writing libelous books and holdng
us up to the ridicule of Englishmen
it home, his opinion is little to be regard?d.
His knowledge of the process of
<hort horns in his own country may be
wellestimated, when he remnrks "that
:hey are the poorest dairy stock in Engand."
To this remark I need only obterve
that nine out of ten of the intelligent
English farmers who emigrate to
this country, and all British publications
in the subject, assert precisely the contrary
; for the high grade, and often the
thorough br*d sliort 4iorns, have been for
many yoar* past taking the place of other
breeds far dairy and milking purposes in the
tjnzmg counties, and near the large towns
arid cities. That he should regret the introduction
of any thing tending to advance our
agriculture, and our wealth, i? altogether natural
in an English -book making tourist, t
urn only surprised that a gentleman of Mr#
Caiman's shr^wdnss should bcthaa easily deceived.
As to the distinct race of American
cattle" to he yet formed, the end of all this if
lobe eern in the continual efforts at blending
incongruities by those experiments who strive#
without an accurate knowledge of their sub- ject,
to produce what is already better madt
up to their hands in the improved breeds now
extant. Su' h experiments, as they live and
learn, have been always abandoned as impracticable
and visionary. There is, nor can
be.no such thing as a "distinct American
breed." made iid as all our cattle are from selections
from all parts of Europe; nor, if our
agriculture is to be, as we hope, progressive
in its excellence, is it desirable. Our cattle
should improve with our general agriculture.
The last sentence of Mr; C.'s remarks is very
just, and concedes, as rtte view it# the gist of
what we commend.
t 1- ? if. r* ,l. f?
in paragrapn /, mr. \j. give* uh uie ?uuj
pood reason why Dnrhame should not become
the s'ock of New-England, to wit: the poverty
ofit? soil, and the negl gence of many of the
peoplp ! Truly a vpry broad admission, hard*
)v just, indeed, to the snug farmers of NewEngland,
and not at all within the desideratum
for which the advocates ot short horns
contend ;?improved husbandry, improved
care and improved stock. If, upon lands, a
thousand acres of which will scarcely graze
a goose, and from which the very vermm instinctively
flee to escape starvation, the beau,
tiful short horns are to be doomed to pine,
without, care, and without sympathy, T at once
admit that the leas of them the better. Nor
do the miserable animaleof the native breeds
even, which are doomed to a wretched existence
on those " scanty pasture*" exhibit any
ligns of thrift as they daily suffer from the
11 negligent habits of their keepers." True,
i long course of neglect and starvaton endured
by their ancestors, and perpetuated for
uany generations anterior to their own existence,
may render their wretchedness more
olerable than it would that of a better animal^
lut. what advocate of any sort of improvenent
is content to bind himself to such hope- ess
sterility? Did we desire a race of aninals
that would starve the best, we could at
>ncemake an importation from the ShetM&nd
Islands, and establish a ?SAeW/o-".American
)r? ed" that would bid defiance to neglect and
joverty, and flourish amid both frost and de*
jolation I
But fiis proposition is not within the category
of but system. We hold, that if land
)e worth cultivation at all, it should be at
east in a reasonab e Ptate of fertility. It
>hoi)ld yield in any event a tolerable |sh a re of
ts various products under good and kindly atenfion
with which to feed well the stock of
he farm. If cows are not to be decently fed.
yy nn mpans keep the Durhams or any other
valuable breed- But Kit be intended to give
value received," to feed wel, and pay atention
to your stock, and there ia no other
vay to make any kind ofstork profitable, then
et the breed b?-a& good a? possible, and of as
ligh a grade in blood as the nature of ymir soil
tnd the climate trill permit. The aomiwiou*
nade before the close of ibis paragraph, ofiiie
mormous Heights of the Durham ox with
mod keeping, admit to the fullest extent all
hat we claim, when abundance of feed tsgiv>n
to the animal.
In the 5th and last paragraph, Mr. C.
loub's whether the Durhams are, after all,
lot. the best stock for ns to have, and canddly
idinitsthat his mind is yet open to conviction.
Vow this, after making the round assertions
ind denials that are above exhibited, is not
oc'ctly what we should expect from one of
us observa ion and as'uteness. It is indeed
no much in t he vein of the old adage: ,4 Hang
iim first, and try luin afterwards." In this
ast paragraph, all is admitted th it the advo:ates
of the short horns d-sire. We bare
lever asserted that they would produce great
? (i?e ? :ii. ?
|uanil(ie? hi ui ui iiiha, whiiwui suiutirnv
chxI ; i.or would they thrive under continual ill
reatment, neglect and abuse ; nor, indeed,
vill they bear .so much starvation and ill treat,
nent as some of uur native cattle ; but we do
earlepsiy assert that either thorough bred or
rrade short horns will produce more beef, and
nore milk, each in i heir own proper time,
vith the same quantities of grass, hay, or other
iropcr feed, than any breed of cattle ever in.
roduced into tnis country ; and so have they
bus far done in England.
Id v own cattle have never been highly kept.
3n the contrary, owing to tny farm being at
ionic few miles distance from my residence,
ind therefore not having my dady attention,
nv herd always received but ordioarv caret
ind sorm-tinie*, I regret to say, nc> wen that.
But I do wy, that so hr as my esntriflpee hie
i 1-, t V; - : r * ! H&: ~4