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+ iistiD mmm-awmm .fv VOLUME VI. CHLRAW, SOUTH-CAROLINA, WEDNESDAY, TOS-14, 1841. NUMBER 35. ^ - . _ . . ' i i > | ll' * By HI. MAC TEAJf. 1 ? ( Terms:?Published weekly at three dollars a 1 yoar; with an addition, when not paid within ] three months, of twenty per cent per annum. x Two new subscribers inay take the paper at five dollars in advance; ana ten at twenty. I Four subscribers, not receiving their papers } in town, may pay a year's subscription with ten ; dollars, In advance. A year's subscription always due in advance. ' P ipers not discontinued to solvent subscribers ' in arrears. I Advertisements not exceeding 1H lines inserted 1 or one dollar the first time, and fifty cents each ' nbsequent time. For insertions at intervals of 1 two weeks 75 cents after the first, ami a dollar I if the interval* are longer. Payment due in advance for advertisements. When the number of insertions is not marked on the copy, the advertisement will be inserted, and charged til t rdered out. IT The postage must he paid on letters to the -J:* Ilneinoofi nC th?? nfllcc rcmcir "ii uit -vi??.? w ... ? ' MISC5:?,LAXEOlS. TALES OF THE OCR AN. BY J. 8. SLEEPER: DICKINSON AND CO. ! We have never met with a better col. t lection of sea stories. Whether humorous < or pathetic, they are written with great ? spirit, and, as far as our slight knowledge j i extends, with correctness 6f description. < The following is from the *? Impressment < of Seamen"?a paper giving details of i British cruelty, which make the blood run < cold even to imagine: i ^ 4,In the year 1810, a brig belonging to i I Salem was overhauled by a British ciuiser j i on the South American co-.st. The crew t were composed of Americans, athletic, 1 fine looking fellows. But the cruiser was i in want of hands, and the boarding offi- cer ordered two of the seamen to pack up 11 their duds and go into the boat. The i men were thunder struck, and the cap- ! i tain remonstrated in the strongest terms j i ngainst such an unjust and atrocious act. 1 The lieutenant shrugged his shoulders. ( DO and coaly said that it was needless to mul- \ ( tiplv words about it, for the men he must ; have?and notwithstanding their protec- ! koliaifn/l tkntf urnro Pn(rllshfTlP?l' ' There seemed to be no alternative?for1 with a man of war on the ocean, i as well as a pirate, might often makes right. One of the men silently resigned ; ^3 * O himself to his fate, although ho was well j aware that it was a dreadful one. The j other, whose name was Barnes?a nohle looking fellow of six feet in height, and of fine proportions, protested against the course adopted by the Englishman, declaring himself to he a native American i citizen, and entitled to the privileges of i an American. The officer, however, was j inexorable, and finding his orders reluct- i antlv obeyed, was about to proceed to use j force, when Barnes took his clasp knife j from his pocket, opened it, and grasping! it in his left hand, drew it across the palm of his right hand?then, dropping the . knife, he seized the fingers, and with a ] wrench forced them back until they lay 1 parallel with the wrist, in the direction of the elhow, at the same time exclaiming to the astonished officer, 4Now take me, if you like, on board your rascally craft?I shall . be a cripple for life." < ^ Another Vmeriean was9eizcd on a similar occasion. His protection w as disregarded: and in consequence of his brave resistance to tho British kidnappers, he was taken on board their vessel, and tchipjtei by order'of the captain. , 4*Hia bonds were loosened, and he arose from his humiliating posture. He glared / i i an A j nerceiv nrotinn. j ne captain was siunuing within a few paces from him, with a ; demoniac grin upon his features, as if he ( enjoyed to the bottom of his soul the disgrace and the tortures inflicted on the poor Yankee. The hapless sutferer saw i that smile of exultation; and that moment decided the fate of his oppressor. .With the activity, the ferocity, and al- : most the strength of a tiger, the mutilated American sprang upon the tyrant, and grasped him where he stood, surrounded by his officers, who for the moment seemed paralyzed with astonishment; and before they con Id recover their senses, and hasten to the as*i ;rance of their commander, the flogged American had borne him to the gangway, and then clutching him by the throat with one hand, and Armly embracing him with the other, despite his struggles he leaped wiih him into the ; turbid waters of the Demarara! They I parted to receive the tyrant and his victim ?then closed over them, and neither was ever a Iter wards seen. Both had passed to their last account." INTERESTING FACTS. According to the returns of the Afarshalls, ! by whom the la?e census wastakpn, :he State of New York is hehind Pennsylvania in the production of wheat, to the amount of about I 2.000,00(1 bushels annually; while it excels | Pennsylvania in the production of rye over , 3,000,000 bushels, of Indian corn 2.500,000 bushels, T oats over 2,000,000 bushe's, of . buckwh' 300.(HK) bushels, of barley 2,000,. | 000 bu8?.-'la. of uotatoes 21.000,000 bushels, ! wool nearly 1,000,000 pounds, hav nearly 2,. j 1 000,000 tons, sugar over 8,000,000 pounds, j arid of products of the dairy over $3,000,000. i In the production of wheat Ohio exceeds j Pennsylvania about 3,000,000 bushels, while ( < Virainia 1 a hiif ahotif 1 1.2 million bushels i behind New York in that article. In Indian corn, Tennessee takes the lead of all the I Stated. producing42 and a half millions of hush- ( ' trie yearly. North Carolina 3-1 and a half mil-1 ? lions of bushels, Virginia about 34 mi lions of 5 bushels, Illinois 28 millions, Michigan 22 J fnil'ions. Alabama 18 millions, Missouri 15 j millions, Pennsylvania 13 an'! a half millions, ; and New York 10 millions. Of neat cattle, New York possesses 2 642,439, Pennsylvania * 146,416, Ohio 1,008,313. Of ebocp, New J fork has 5391.225, Pennsylvan:a 3,386,431, 3hio 1,964,957, Vermont 1,393,480, Virginia 1,280786. In the product* of the orchard, Vew York and Vermont lead the other States tearly two to one?the former being to the imnunt of 91,732,357. the latter 91,109,387. n cotton Mississippi bears the palm, producing rearly 289,838,818 pounds, Alabama 240,379,669 pounds, South Carolina 14^,807,880 pounds. Georgia 134,322.755 pounds, I/>ui*i*na 87,640,1*5 pounds, Virginia 10,707,251 pounds. Of Tobacco, Maryland produces 10 Tii'lions pounds, Virginia 14 millions pounds, Ohio6 millions pounds,Tennessee 26,700,000 bs., Missouri 8,500000 pounds, and Indiana lear 2 millions pouids Philadelphia Saturday Courier. & tpmg&e From the Souihern Agriculturist. on tlif cultur3 of rlcr-grass? Leersia orizoides. Pendleton Oct. 21, 1840. | Mil. Editor:?In the hope of inducing some of our farmers to turn their attention from the exclusive cultivation of cotton to the improvement of stock, I send von the result of eight years' experience in the culture of hav. on a piece of meadow land, one mile distant from the village of Pendleton, The branches, whose united streams are sufficient to turn a ?mall grist mill, are kept continually running over the meadow, except during the harvest. A day before cutting we remove a small obstruction placed in the natural channel of the branch, when the water leaves the land sufficiently dry for the mowers to work and a narrow wheeled two horse wagon to take off about 800 lbs. a load. Immeditaelv after harve?t, the bar is replaced across the channel in a few minutes, by drawing mud against a rail la d over it nnd the land again put under water. Havingmade abundant crops of hay several years, at so little experse. I last year laid off one I acre, had the wagon carefully loaded by ] a white man, directing him to make1 every load as n^ar as possible of the same I size, and on weighing one load, found the average product of theacre to he more than three tons, of two thousand pounds each at the first cutting. The same directions were followed this year, and the product was more than four tons at the first cutting. This great product may be attributed to a late harvest, and a summer of more rain. The soil on which these crops were made is the ordinary quality of low land near the creeks, overflowed only by high freshets. It had been cleared and cultirated several vears, producing good crops n drv'seasons. I first saw it in 1831, when the corn on it was nearly destroyed by a * 'OO 4 n/tA/I rv? nro wet SPRsnnj in n pumui mui^ weeds than g,-ass, they were all moved ?'03 I was astonished hv the product of hav, which has been good ever since.? ! This hnv is made from rice-grass, the "Leersi/i Orizoides" of the botanist, called 1 Ximnle Will, in the upper country, it has I a fine thin stalk covering from four to five feet in length, but not being erect, it does not stand more than three to four feet on the ground; no part of the stalk is oneeighth of an inch in diameter they have been measured more than six feet long. | It grows well on the low grounds of branches, and mav be found in every part j of the state: it is killed bv frost, and docs j not grow in the interior before May. I have made various experiments with | red clover, herd's grass, orchard grass, J and timothy, the two former on wet and , dry soils; after two or three years they j have been over-powered by the native weeds, grasses, briers and shrubs, which spring up spontaneously when the soil is unbroken. The single enemy of the rice grass is the rush, large and small, which appears to be the onlv noxious growth of land covered by running water, and this is so entirely out-grown bv the rice-grass, that notwithstanding its formidable ap- ; pcarance in the soring, I have taken no measures to eradicate it. By the end of June the rush is so completely covered hv'the grass, that it is scarcely thought of until the ensuing spring. One great ad vantage of this grass is, that you can choose the time for cutting, as it does not blossom earlv. Towards the end of July it seems to settle or lodge in spots hut I am not aware of any injury that results. We enmmenco mowing with a brier scythe the first fair weather after oat j harvest?the task is a quater of an acre j for the mower; one woman can toss and turn half an acre, which should be done as soon as it is cut and put up into cocks ^>v evening When the clew leaves them next morning they are open at the top, Fifter an hours' sun on the hay, cut before twelve o'clock of the preceeding day, mav be carted home and put away.? Eight or twelve hours' sun is sufficient to cure the hav of properly tossed and turned immediately after cutting, which is easily done with a wooden hav fork.? \n iron fork is used for loading and unload, ng the wagon. The bloom and seeds onpoar late in September. A few days before we expect frost, a second crop is cut and harvested. \s this occurs at a busy period of October, we have never measured t' e product ">f an acre, it has been variously estimated it a third or half of the first cutting. I have never made my comparative exjeriments of the nutritious qualities of this hav, but have bf-en informed that it sells in the Columbia market as readily as Northern hay. One of our most experi. I enced farmers told me that he had preferred it to corn blades when wagoning to Hamburg. Yours, respect fully, t c. c. PkXCKNEY. DURHAM STOCK AS MILKttRS. From the Cultivator. Under this title an article, or speech, is going the rounds of our agricultural and political papers, purporting to be from Rev. Henry Colman, which ia pregnant with so much error, and, coming from that high and responsible source, of such mischievous tendency, as I believe it, to the welfare of our dairymen and stock breeders, that although seldom appearing before the reading public, I feel bound at the threshold of its circulatio n, to eoter, as the lawyers would say, my caveat a. gainst it. That there may be no misunderstand, ingin the matter, let meat once remark, that no one can have a higher respect than myself for the exalted character of Mr. Colman, in all that constitutes the true gentleman and the honest man ; and that no individual is so capable to accom. plish the responsible and important duties of agricultural commissioner of the proud commonwealth of Massachusetts as him. self. I have known him intimately for years, and a knowledge of his worth and of the high authority of his declarations compels me, humble as are ray pretensions to as?ume an attitude in opposition to his remarks. The value of the neat cattle in the state of New York, according to the returns of the late census for 1840, is not less than $15,000,000; and probably exceeding that amount. If to these be ndded those of New England, which are at least of equal value, it will present an aggregate of thirty millions of dollars, invested in that branch of agriculture alone. Now, if by adopting an improved breed of these animals, the same number by exhibiting in their improved forms a superior excellence, and an'additional value of331-2 per cent., which is a very moderate advance in the improved races, it would swell this alrpadv vast capital into the round sum of 810,000,000! This fact will at once show that the subject is of immense consequences to our farmers at large, and of no trifling moment to all in its details. But for the purpose of illustrating my remarks, and even at the hazard of adding | to the prolixity of this paper, 1 will ask I you to insert at once the article in que*, tion. requesting you al?o. to number each | distinct paragraph of Mr. Column's essay, for more convenient reference : From the Yankee Farmer. " As we had not room last week to report all the doings at the agricultural meeting, and as the subject of Durham stock, as milkers, compared with our native cows, is of high importance to farmers, we now copy Mr. Colman's remarks in full, from his own report in the Courier : 1. " Mr. Colman had not intended to enter upon this discussion, but he felt it due to his official relation to the farmers of Massachusetts, to say that he had . the pleasure of seeing the -mproved Durham stock of the Messrs. Lathrops, of South Ridley, and he thought them eminently beautiful, and evincing great skill and care in their management, on the part of those gentlement. He had seen many of the imported animals throughout the country ; and one of the herds imported for the Ohio Company, which he saw on their way, was truly splendid, and in beauty and perfection of form, far surpassed any thing which he had ever witncssed. 2. " He must, however in justice, add that he yet wanted the proof of the Durham short horns being the best stock for our dairies. Seven of the race which he had owned, omc full and others half-blood had been infe-ioras milkers. The quantitv of milk oiven by many of the animal* ' L'* ?- L-L-J -1._ . wnn'ii ne uau seen was reuitii tuim-; , im; quality, in general, inferior ; though be had found .some exceptions, which no believed, were accidental. 3. " The Chesire farmers, who were as distinguished as any in this country or in any country for the produce of their cheese dairies, preferred the native stock. From a dairy of eighteen cows, an average of 623 pounds new milk cheese to a cow, in a year had been obtained. He bad challenged in writing and conversation the owners of the short horns in the counf try to prove, by actual experiment, the dairy properties of this stock; and he would furnish a list of a hundred cows of our native stock, which had made from twelve to fourteen pounds of butter per week, through the season. He was far from having any predjudices against the improved Durham-*. He was an cnthuiastic admirer of them : hut he wanted their dairy properties tested by nctual experiment. 4. " A very distinguished English far m^r, Mr. SIiirrefT, who had made the tour of this country, expressed hi* regret at their introduction, and pronounced them in his book the poorest daiiy stock in England. We could not be ?:aid to have formed any distinct race amors ourselves, excepting the trials made by Mr. Jacques, and a long continued improvement carried on in reference to milch cows, in anotber part of the state, upon which he had reported. Much, undoubtedly, yet re -s mains to be done, but nothing in this re. i spect can be effected but by skill, extreme accuracy of observation, and long perse, j verance. 5. " He thought the Durhams not well adapted to the scanty pastures and, negligent habits of many of our farmers^ All high bred animals require particular care and the most liberal feed. Two of the finest oxen ever raised in the country were of this stock. One, it is believed, a full blood from Greenland, N. H., weigh, ing orer 3,400 pounds, live weight, and i one a half blood, raised in Clarcmont, X. H.. and sent year before last to England, for exhibition. His live weight was sai^i to be 3.700 pounds ; and he was pronounced in England, by the best judge* of stock, as unrivaied for weight and thrift, ? , 1 11 r 1 and eminenny wen rormen. 6. " The best breeds would soon run out if n^rligently or severely treated. This race were undoubtedly well suited to the rich pastures and abundant products of the west of Kentucky and Ohio. There they would flourish. What might be done for own stock by more liberal keeping, was yet to be seen. He had known a calf from a native cow, at four months old, to weigh ne.?r!v 400 pounds; and nnother, at five months old, to weigh i 600 pounds. If the improved Duiham stock should prove the best for us, and he kept his mind on this subject open to conviction, we could at once avail ourselves of th? distinguished improvements of half a century's skill and loi! and expense, so! liberally bestowed in England. At any rate, the improvements which they had ' accomplished in England so obvious and impressive to the most careless observer,] read a most important lesson to us, and j showed what might be done by skill and care, by judicious selection, by steady perseverance in a regular system, and by liberal keeping; and presented, at the same time, the most powerful motives to exertion and enterprise in a branch of husbandry, acknowledged by all to be of the fi st importance." Now, in reference to paragraph No. 1 of Mr. Col man, I have never seen the i herd Messrs. Lathrop, of South Hadley ; but if they are what Mr. C. represents, they must be beautiful and valuable animals, and a great acquisition to their neigh, borhood, although I exceedingly regret that he did not give the opinions of those gentlemen as to their value and excellence in the Connecticut Valley, and the results of their experience regarding them. A detail of their observations would have been at least more satisfactory than a summary condemnation without a hearing. Mr. Colman and myself visited the Ohio Company's herd, which he mentions, together in company at Buffalo in 1835, as they were passing through from the sea-board to Ohio, on their passage out. They were in high condition, as few or noneef the cows were then in milk, and we had no opportunity to judge of their capabilities for the pail; although 1 have since learned that several of the cows j were great and rich milkers. It must be understood, however, that many of the English breeders of high bred short horns breed only for sale and the shambles, and do not cultivate the milking qualities of their cattle. This is nlmost universally the case in Ohio, Kentucky, and the wesj tern states, where the dairy forms no part I of the farming business, and stock is reared mostly for beef: but rroni the universal tendency of the true short horns to excel 1 in milking properties!, when appropriated to that purpose, I can have no doubt they J wou d show as advantageously over the nail as in the stall. When it is- considered j j also, that owing to their scarcity and high ! value in America, all the females are em! ployed in rearing their calves, and the hulls, instead of being converted into stores for the shambles, ore preserved as stock getters, it is evident that comnara. tivelv but few examples can he adduced of their real superiority over the common j of our country as milkers. S; ill, a i sufficient number of specimens have been shown, both in milk and beef, to demon, strate that in each of those qualities the i ii. .1 _ i improved snort norns nave excenen an that has yet been produced of our native American stock. In paragraph No. 2, Mr. C. remarks, that he irants proof of the milking qualities j of the short horns. His own. seven in j number, proved inferior milkers, although I he admits that several of them, either of j | his own or which he had seen, were large j J milkers ; hut he believes these exceptions j to the general rule. That his own cows 1 proved had milkers prove nothing. What was their blood ? Were thev of Inm rin<! j Improved short horn descent? No data; I is here given for us to judge of their prop- j erti< s in this particular, and we are forced j to pass on to. Paragraph No. 3. The Cheshire and j many other dairy farmers have long had I an < xcellent stock of selected native cows, I which have been propagated with partic- I ulnr regard to their mi'king properties for j mar v generations. Mr. Colman has tra- ! versed the whole state of Massachusetts flpveral times, and out of the whole num. her of oows that he has seen among many thousands, hep-esent^a list of one hundred of the nntive stodt which had made twelve to fourteen pounds of butter per week. He has also challenged, both in j writing and conversation, the owners of, short horns to prove their dairy qualities, j T/l, ? W * I doubt whether one hundred thorough | bred short horn cows can he conveniently produced at all in the whole states of New. York and Massachusetts, so few are there in comparison with the common stock of the country. Ner do I believe five times that number ofgrade cows of half blood and upwards, can be easily found in either state ; hut I will venture the assertion, that where such cattle do exist, no matter what their parentage may be on ihenativc side, if they were directly bred from improved short horn bulls, four out of every five of them have proved superior milkers: I and at least twenty percent, better in the I aggregate than the ordinary cows around i them. And 1 will also assert, that of the I whole numoer of ihorough bred cows in ] our country, nine out of ten are excellent, < if not superior milkers, and twenty-five j percent, above the average native cows, i To illustrate this matter, as I have bred i a large number of improved herd book < animals of the highest blood, within the j last six years, as well as many grade cat. i tie from the native, Devon, and other i breeds, I will state the results of my own I experience, and also the opinions of ?un- 5 dry other breeders, with such fact9 as a \ hasty reference will permit. I | In 1835, I bred ten or twelve half-blood < heifers from three Devon and several 1 common cows of inferior quality and op. ' pearance. They were sired by my short j horn hull Favorite, bred near Boston, ' j ])[n39.. whose pedigree will he found at ! j No. 2,039, 3J vol. Coate's Herd Book. < | These heifers proved, without an excep. i tion, good milkers ; much above the av- 1 crage. hoth for quality and quantity. In 1 1036,*7 and'8, I bred several one-half and ' ( | three-fnurth blood heifers, also from Dev. ( ensnnd others, which, although many of , tbem were sold have so far as I hale heard j from them, proved superior milkers. A part of these were sired by my short horn j bull Devonshire No., 9G9,2d vol. Coate's 1 Herd Book. I also had, during the years 1 from 1334 to near the close of 1839, a herd of full bred improved short horns, varying from four to ten milking cows, of which all, with one exception, (and that cow suffered an injury in her udder when young,) were frst-rate milkers. One cow gave often thirty qua, ts of milk per day of good quality. Several of them I gave over twenty quarts daily in summer ' I i - _ * c .i ; hi. seed, ana nor one 01 mem gave yuov uum or, as the term is, milked hard. They were individually easy, pleasant milkers, with beautiful silky udders, and handsome taper teats and were, taken together, mueh beyond the average run of native cows as milkers. I have now a Durham cow that has made her twelve pounds of ( butter per week, and of four full-bloods i now in milk, every one is a superior milk, er. 1 have also five or six half-bloods, all of which are above the average of our ' native cows, hy twenty per cent, in their , milking properties. . To corroborate my experience, I need < only mention the evidence of such gentle. ( men as John Hare Powell, of Philadel- ' phia, who asserted to my father, that one \ of his full-blooded short horn cows had . made twenty-two pounds of butter per | week for several weeks in succession ; i Gov. Lincoln, and Messrs. Wells, Derby, t and Dearborn, of Massachusetts, who ' have been the owners of several grade and thorough bred cows; Francis Rotch, Esq. , of Butternuts, iu this state, who has re- , peatedlv testified to the superiority of his < short horns as milkers, and to his entire I I experience, probably equal, if not superior ' to thatof nnv other gentleman in Ameri- I ca, of the superiority of the short horns in 1 their purity and in the;r grades, as milkers. I need not add the names of many \ other individuals who have repeatedly tea- | tified to these facts, as a reference to our * i agricultural papers for the last five years | will corroborate all that I remark. And ' | last of all, I will assert 'hat Colonel Jac- J : que*' fancifully ycleped " Creampot" j breed of milkers, and which I saw in com- < [panywith Mr. Col man himself, are sim- \ ply a cross of a thorough bred short horn \ bull with a native cow, then at Col. Jac- ' ques'farm, of good size and appearance. ^ of a deep red color, and with an apparent 1 dash of Devon blond in her veins. His bull that he then used was nearly or quite c a thorough bred short horn, and all his ? heifers were high in that blood. This same stoek of cattle. Mr. C. has himsHf j highly recommended in one of his agri. c cultural reports, and wo were together ' iritnoc.'t.c nf I ho cnrn???iinrr rirh. . | ilMU- ? > <.w. ..... .....p ^ . ness of the milk and cream of these beau- z tifiil roivs. With a few selected facts, I < will c!?>se this testimony : I 1 r? 3d vol. of Cultivator, page 191. 1 Francis Eicon good's imported cow (she was a Durham) gave, when her calf was c two weeks old, thirty three and a half r quarts of milk per day. Her feed was ( one and a half bushels ofbrewcr's grains j f per day, with hay. ' In vol. 7, same work, page 132. Mr. r Grower's short horn cow Dairymaid, for f seven da vs gave an average of thirty-three g and c half quarts per day. i In New Gen nespc Farmer, vol. 1, page v 143 Samuel Canbv's short horn cow, j Blossom, yielded for seven days over thir- t tv five quarts per day, which produces thirteen and a quarter pounds good butter. < At page 149 same vol. Joiin Wether- * bull's short horn cow, four years, old, gave '' from twenty-six to thirty and a half t quarts of milk per day, and in one week \ l / it/ ? /. i> jroduced eleven and a half pounds butter, md in another week fifteen pounds. In a Philadelphia paper of 1839. 1 Colonel Wolbert's cow, Isabella a pure ihcrt horn, gave during seven days 194 juarts, or near twenty-eight quarts per lay. which produced fourteen and three, ourths pounds butter ofthe finest quality." ?o much for the assertion that " Durham :ow9 are not good milkers." In paraeraph 4, Mr. Colman introduces js to the distinguished farmer, Mr. Shir, pff, who has made the tour of this country [f this same Mr. Shirreff, who by the way [ never heard of before, be as profound n his remarks upon our country, its in* labitant sand their pursuits, a sa herd of English travellers who have hitherto trun. jled over it for the purpose, as it would ieem, of writing libelous books and holdng us up to the ridicule of Englishmen it home, his opinion is little to be regard?d. His knowledge of the process of <hort horns in his own country may be wellestimated, when he remnrks "that :hey are the poorest dairy stock in Engand." To this remark I need only obterve that nine out of ten of the intelligent English farmers who emigrate to this country, and all British publications in the subject, assert precisely the contrary ; for the high grade, and often the thorough br*d sliort 4iorns, have been for many yoar* past taking the place of other breeds far dairy and milking purposes in the tjnzmg counties, and near the large towns arid cities. That he should regret the introduction of any thing tending to advance our agriculture, and our wealth, i? altogether natural in an English -book making tourist, t urn only surprised that a gentleman of Mr# Caiman's shr^wdnss should bcthaa easily deceived. As to the distinct race of American cattle" to he yet formed, the end of all this if lobe eern in the continual efforts at blending incongruities by those experiments who strive# without an accurate knowledge of their sub- ject, to produce what is already better madt up to their hands in the improved breeds now extant. Su' h experiments, as they live and learn, have been always abandoned as impracticable and visionary. There is, nor can be.no such thing as a "distinct American breed." made iid as all our cattle are from selections from all parts of Europe; nor, if our agriculture is to be, as we hope, progressive in its excellence, is it desirable. Our cattle should improve with our general agriculture. The last sentence of Mr; C.'s remarks is very just, and concedes, as rtte view it# the gist of what we commend. t 1- ? if. r* ,l. f? in paragrapn /, mr. \j. give* uh uie ?uuj pood reason why Dnrhame should not become the s'ock of New-England, to wit: the poverty ofit? soil, and the negl gence of many of the peoplp ! Truly a vpry broad admission, hard* )v just, indeed, to the snug farmers of NewEngland, and not at all within the desideratum for which the advocates ot short horns contend ;?improved husbandry, improved care and improved stock. If, upon lands, a thousand acres of which will scarcely graze a goose, and from which the very vermm instinctively flee to escape starvation, the beau, tiful short horns are to be doomed to pine, without, care, and without sympathy, T at once admit that the leas of them the better. Nor do the miserable animaleof the native breeds even, which are doomed to a wretched existence on those " scanty pasture*" exhibit any ligns of thrift as they daily suffer from the 11 negligent habits of their keepers." True, i long course of neglect and starvaton endured by their ancestors, and perpetuated for uany generations anterior to their own existence, may render their wretchedness more olerable than it would that of a better animal^ lut. what advocate of any sort of improvenent is content to bind himself to such hope- ess sterility? Did we desire a race of aninals that would starve the best, we could at >ncemake an importation from the ShetM&nd Islands, and establish a ?SAeW/o-".American )r? ed" that would bid defiance to neglect and joverty, and flourish amid both frost and de* jolation I But fiis proposition is not within the category of but system. We hold, that if land )e worth cultivation at all, it should be at east in a reasonab e Ptate of fertility. It >hoi)ld yield in any event a tolerable |sh a re of ts various products under good and kindly atenfion with which to feed well the stock of he farm. If cows are not to be decently fed. yy nn mpans keep the Durhams or any other valuable breed- But Kit be intended to give value received," to feed wel, and pay atention to your stock, and there ia no other vay to make any kind ofstork profitable, then et the breed b?-a& good a? possible, and of as ligh a grade in blood as the nature of ymir soil tnd the climate trill permit. The aomiwiou* nade before the close of ibis paragraph, ofiiie mormous Heights of the Durham ox with mod keeping, admit to the fullest extent all hat we claim, when abundance of feed tsgiv>n to the animal. In the 5th and last paragraph, Mr. C. loub's whether the Durhams are, after all, lot. the best stock for ns to have, and canddly idinitsthat his mind is yet open to conviction. Vow this, after making the round assertions ind denials that are above exhibited, is not oc'ctly what we should expect from one of us observa ion and as'uteness. It is indeed no much in t he vein of the old adage: ,4 Hang iim first, and try luin afterwards." In this ast paragraph, all is admitted th it the advo:ates of the short horns d-sire. We bare lever asserted that they would produce great ? (i?e ? :ii. ? |uanil(ie? hi ui ui iiiha, whiiwui suiutirnv chxI ; i.or would they thrive under continual ill reatment, neglect and abuse ; nor, indeed, vill they bear .so much starvation and ill treat, nent as some of uur native cattle ; but we do earlepsiy assert that either thorough bred or rrade short horns will produce more beef, and nore milk, each in i heir own proper time, vith the same quantities of grass, hay, or other iropcr feed, than any breed of cattle ever in. roduced into tnis country ; and so have they bus far done in England. Id v own cattle have never been highly kept. 3n the contrary, owing to tny farm being at ionic few miles distance from my residence, ind therefore not having my dady attention, nv herd always received but ordioarv caret ind sorm-tinie*, I regret to say, nc> wen that. But I do wy, that so hr as my esntriflpee hie i 1-, t V; - : r * ! H&: ~4