Farmers' gazette, and Cheraw advertiser. (Cheraw, S.C.) 1839-1843, June 16, 1841, Image 1
4 , 1
S.M'JD (SMIMBMW'lllIiWI&iaWMlMlR* _ .....: ^,
VOLUME VI CHER AW. SOUTH-CAROLINA, WEDNESDAY. JUNE 16. 1841. NUMBER 31.
\I .t 1 ? __
p?
By ?. MAC LEAN.
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HINTS TO PLANTERS AND FAR.
MERS.
FROM THE BALTIMORE AMERICAN FARMER.
The want of Rural Amusements.?The
danger of Intellectual Idleness.
A modern novel writer remarks, that ,
"The mind that lies fallow but a single
^ day sprouts up in follies that are only to be
hilled by const mt and assiduous culture."
Agreeing with him in opinion, we quote
the observation, not so much for the novelty
of the thought it expresses as for the ,
appositeness of the simile drawn from a- (
gricultura! life, to illustrate an important <
moral truth, and from the persuasion that
something may be said in the way of am- (
plification which may he useful to our ,
agricultural readers. ]
The passages quoted inculcates, in fam- 1
iliar and forcible language, a lesson which .
all should bear in mind, and none more I'
than those who reside in the country,.
where the means of mental and social re- j (
creations are not so various and accessible !
as in towns?that we should have always J (
at hand, under all changes of circumstan- ! .
liberal acquirement lose ineir casie ; ana
to this end, and for this state of things,
we should all unite in earnest and con. ,
stsnt endeavors. Well would it be, too, if
all young people destined for agricultur- '
a! life, whatever may be their fortunes
or prospects, could be taught some useful |
handicraft, which might be wrought at in
all weathers, in-doors and out of doors. f
It might serve to till up many wearisome ]
hours when fatigued with reading; for .
we are told that even Homer sometimes
nodded.
Above all, let young people never be idle (
We have the warrant of Scriptures for
saying, there is & time for all things " A j
time to weep and a time to laugh, a time |.
to mourn and a time to dance." Indeed, | j
with us, it is verv questionable whether j s
the banishment, under whatever influences,
of all the jovial amusements of the j \
olden time, such as the manly and exhil- ] J
arating pleasures of the chase, with all its (
comic incidents and occasional mishaps ; 1
the no less animating and healthful games ! j
with the ball, the quoit, and the bowl at |
nine-pins; with the lively sleighing parties,
and the joyous dance to the merry fiddle |
of some popular old character?some old ,
negro Cato, or Pompey, or Ciesar, or An- | *
thony, with all the jocund frolics that : j
once circled in merry-round, from house ;
to house, through the winter months : we |
much doubt whether the suppression of; (
all these diversions has been tollowed by : j
any real increase in the practice of the i
great virtues of truth, honor, temperance, j
charity, and " true hospitality," which !
then sat at every man's door to welconre
the coming guest.
Who that can remember it does not
look back with a compound feeling ofjj
pleasure and melancholy to the time
when ! ]
- D ime* cf ancient <hys
?? Have led their children through the '
mirthful maze, I
Aod the gay giandsire, skilled in gostic lore, ]
Has ftiek'd beneath tbe burden of threescore. ,
What recreations, what occupations,;,
for the mind and spirit, have been substi. ,
tuted for these refreshing and healthful ;
rustic exercises and enjoyment which
th^n filled tin our seasons of leisure, and
kept the heart, at least, if not the mind, j
t'tom laying " fallow V' Is it better edu i
cation ? But we are digressing.
The farmer who manages, his own i
estate, as all should do, at least their home-!
stead, may rest assured thai if his sons are ,
kejd idle ut home after having fiaished
their scholastic education, (for education |
is finished only with life,) if they have
not been imbued with some taste for literature,
they will look for some other
means of flying from the pains of mental
vacuity and the listlessness of bodily inaction
; and alas ? where are they so like- j
ly now to find the relief demanded by the
very restlesness of our nature ? Is the
reader, wherever he may be, at a loss for
the answer ? Is it not at some neighboring
viliage tavern or cross-roads groggery,
where they are sure to meet with vacantminded
idlers of similar wants and congenial
temper, that they most easily escape
from self-digust to undergo sensations
at once exhilarating and destructive ?
The ready bottle, with the charming
power of the magician's wand, dispels niike
all remembrance of the past and all
care for the future. Sadness and gloomy
anticipations give way to momentary excitement,
and life and all its prospects are
suddenly decked out in all the colors of
the rainbow. Pleased with themselves,
everv thinor acnnires th? nnwprnf nlpnaincrr
ces and of weather, some attentive and useful
occupation ; for, however uncultivated .
may be the intellect, state of quiescence j
will ever be painful as it is unnatural.
This principle of Nature may be seen in
the action and habits of almost all animated
beings possessed of the power of locomotion.
Can we then imagine any case
' where utter inactivity must b6 more un- ^
endurable than with young people; full of ^
aensihilitv, and alive to the influence of '
all the passions that belong to youth and (
health ? Under this fixed principle of our
physical constitution, how indispensable j
that we should be made, in early life,
sufficiently conversant with hooks, to en- j
sure a love of reading. But this love can
only become general when society shall (
become more enlightennd?when it shall ;
not be considered "good" without some (
mental refinement. Then shall those ,
who cannot sustain themselves in com
^ puny by a fair and reasonable display of
- - - * J J
J 0 1 ---- I w- r. b'
hence on such occasions the lowest jest,
from the dullest food in comyany, suffices
to raise a general laugh among his bottle
companions. The most precious period
of life is thus spent in haunts of idleness
and dissipation, only because the mind
has been suffered to " lie fallow." It occurs
to us as we write to suggest that
farmers, young and old, should associate
with their agricultural societies some
scheme to promote at the same time the
culture of the mind as well as of the earth.
The time and money that are spent in
lounging idly at country stores and tavern
bars wou'd well pay for useful periodicals
and a small select circulating library.
Now that all 44 moneyed securities"
are being impaired by peculation
and taxation, their holders are more and
more disposed to look to terrafirma and to
agriculture as the safest of all inve9ments
and the most respectable of all employments;
but who will choose to make settlement
for his family in a booetian district,
where moral darkness forever prevails,
and the very soul is locrusted with ignormce
or steeped in sensuality ? In neighborhoods
where the mind is thus permitted
to lie fallow, men rarely come together
jxcept at public places of resort, and
here all conversation is stereotyped. It
isually begins with, 44 Is there much fly
n your wheat ??many worms in your
obacco ?" mingled with partisan jokes
ind gibes, and expressions of anxiety or
>f hope, not for the good of their country
it the means of their country's present
liseinbarrassment and future glory, but
or the success of their party ? These
lage inquiries and profound suggestions
>eing made, the next motion is to the
:ounter for 44 3 drink," as the readiest
vay to stir and enliven a stagnant mind.
Hut let us turn from a picture so unviting
o contemplate one no more like it than
4 Hyperion to a satyr." How many copious
and perennial springs of delicious en-,
lovments?how many interesting themes
ff endless and untiring conversation, are
jpened for the mind and heart of man by
in early culture of the intellectual faculties*.
VIore to be desired than the fame lamp
if Aladdin, it unlocks to us the infinitely
jiversified stores of political and natural
listory. It exposes to the contemplation
if the delighted student, not only the geographical
lines, but the varied productions
ind peculiar manners, institutions, arts,
ind trades of all parts of the world, it begets
a fondness for biography, and by that
licans enables and leads us to hold, in our
;loset, communion approaching to the
pleasure of personal intercourse with the
nost illustrious characters of the remotest J
mtiquity?44 the departed great and the
IIikIriftiw wiii*-*" it iriv#?? n teste fnr the
? 1 ?- - ?
sciences, and these qualify us to penetrate
md study Nature in all her kingdoms?
hotanv, mineralogy, agriculture the history
and cultivation of fruits, flowers.
grains, and grasses. Thus
prepared by useful and judicious training,
having once entered the portals and
caught a glimpse of the rich and numerous
chambers in the palace of knowledges
how certain'wiii he the distaste of the,
young farmer and planter ever after for
ill vulgar and vicious associations and
habits ! How impossible that he should
nr?t t-ttvrklf wit h hnrrnr frnm the thought.
of finding recreation in the ruinous chan:es
of the gaming table, or the yet more
blasting excitements of the bowl!
?
Beginning with a quotation from one
novelist let us conclude with one from
mother: " They- only are justifiable in
seclusion who, likethegreat philosophers,
make that very seclusion tlie means of
serving and enlightening their race?who
from their retreats send forth their oracles
of wisdom and make the desert which
surrounds them eloquent with the voice
of truth." The farmer may enlighten by
his example, as the philosopher does by
his precepts. Finally, let him remember
that the bow, to retain its'elasticity must
sometimes be unbent. lie has for his
children to choose between?education
and the love of books, or?dissipation !
for we have no longer anv rural amuse-,
ments.
From the Essex Agricultural Reports.
C HARLES F. PUTNAM*? STATEMENT.
Gentlemen : The cow offered by me
for premium this day, was raised in Verniont,
and is six years old. She calved
the twenty-fifth day of October, 1339^
and the calf was taken away November ?
14th. Her feed from the fifteenth No- n
vember to May 15th, has been English ti
hay and one and a half peck of sugar p
beets per day. From May 15th to this n
date she has been in a very poor pasture, a
and has had two quarts of Indian meal, n
or three quarts ground oats, per day, with ^
hay at night. I have kept an exact account
of the milk taken from her at each
milking since November 15th, and shall
furnish you with a copy; I shall also fur- ?
nish the expense of keeping, with the ?
amount of sale of milk. I should be 81
pleased to continue the account and com* b
plete the year, if it meets the views of tl
the committee. p
The cow is remarkably gentle, and her n
milk is of a very superior quality. Mr. e
James Holt, of Dan vers, sold me the a
cow; she was considered superior for but- 0
ter, having made in one; week ten lbs. ^
3 oz., with her second calf. She has had
three calves, and will calve again in ,
March.
T ?m vprv rMTtf rtCnlltf vnura
,~.J ^
ciiafi. F. Putnam. n
Salem, Sept. 28th, 1840.
- Gentlemen: Having kept an accurate r<
account of the milk frora my cow, for e
which a premium was awarded at George- ii
town, I submit it to be used as you may I
| think proper. p
Qt?. Pts. Gills. T,
From 1839, Nov. If, to De. 14,433 0 1
" " De. 16, to Jan 13,1840,425 1 2 *
44 1830, Jan. 14, to Feb. 12,4 405 0 0 d
44 44 Feb 13, to Mar. 13, 4 375 1 0
44 44 Mar. 14, to Apr. 12, *370 1 3 F
44 44 Apr. 13, to May 12, *342 1 3 t(
44 44 May 13, to June II, 4 3G8 lie
44 *4 June 12, to July II, 4 367 0 0 j.
44 44 July 12. to Aug 10, 4 303 I 0
44 4* Aug. II to Sept. 9, 4 275 0 I y
44 44 Sept. 10, to Oct. 9, 4 205 I. 0 h
44 44 Oct. 10, to Nov. 13, 4 272 0 1 n
4214 0 I u
being nearly an average of twelve quarts per day t
for the year. jj
This milk I value as follows: 3333
quarts at 6 cents, 199 98
881 44 at 5 cents, i 44 05 ?
f
Gross amount of produce, $244 03 .
Costs of keeping:
2$ tons of hay at ?15 37 50 *
68$ bushels sugar beets, 13 05 s
6 bushels ground outs, 2 88
8 bushels Indian meal, 6 20 Pasturage
and driving, II50 *
v
Consumption of meat?There are few c
things in the habits of Americans, which c
strike the forsign observe]* with more force r
than the extravagant consumptinn of food t
?and more especially of meat. Truly we
may bejcalled a carnivorous people With
allour outcry about hard times, the quanti- ^
tyof provisslon consumedin America would
support, in health, treble our population
in Europe. The vast consumption of ?
meat, is not only wasteful, but injurious 1
to health, and to activity, of body and r
mind. The body if made of iron, would 8
be unable to perform all i:he functionsTm- c
posed upon it at one time?especially is p
it we should suppose, without pretending t
to any science onrthe subject, deleterious v
to eat meat suppers?or to eat a heavy v
meal immediately preceding any necessary r
action of bodv and mind?How well 4
J I
this is proved by the experience of the i
turf?Suppose a race to he made for a L
sum, half forfeit, and on going into his
I stable the trainer finds that although he
is sure that his nag is t le better horse, a
' a
the groom has been bribed to give him a 1
gallon of oats and water at pleasure, r
would he not at once withdraw, and pay c
forfeit sooner than encounter the certain- ; a
ty of paying the full amount! Jfay it t
not be averred that one half of the pro- t
vission consumed in the country might be t
saved with certainty of avoiding the nu- g
merous diseases that arise from plethora, t
impaired digestion and disordered blood? t
Let the heads ofany family examine the c
subject, and they will find that a substitution
of bread and vegetables and milk .
tor three-fourths of the meat consumed,
would be attended with economy and bet- F
tor health. American Farmer. '
r
From the American Farmer. f
ESSAY ON THE CULTIVATION, FEEDING, s
&C. OF ROOTS. t
[The following Essay presented for the r
prize offered by us some time since, for 1
which there was no competition. It is <
dated at Princeton, N. J. but the author s
is unknown to us; we should be pleased t
to obtain his address, as we desire to J
present him with certain volumes of this \
journal for his Essay, which, as fur as p
our judgment extends, contains much }
valuable instructions uj)on a branch of n
husbandrv. the importance of which can. v
not he too highly estimated, and which is t
daily becoming more extensively prac- c
tised.] c
ESSAY, s
Having for several years past paid con- t
siderahle attention to the culture of roots c
for my stock, the experience which I p
have thus acquired has enabled me in a
each succeeding year to increase my v
crops, while the expense of cultivation has j
K v, m Itlvr a d 'PU a H/m* I
UOfii vuwaiut;i aui v lussuueu. l ut llttuui r n
ing success which has attended my efforts a
in this branch of husbandry, has induced b
me to become a competitor for the pre. r
mium you propose to award for the best b
i essay on the cultivation, feeding, &c. of r
! roots; with this view the annexed is p
i therefore offered for you r consideration, a
! I shall in the first phtce treat of the ?
oil and its preparation. A deep loam is ci
lost favorable to the successful cultiva. u|
ion of root crops, as the long tap roots pi
enetrate more readily to such a depth as I
ot to bo affected by an ordinary drouth; al
nd soils of this character! when highly bt
lanured, become so retentive of mois. hi
are, that root erops under judicious w
ultivatioD. are rarely injured to any ex;nt
by the severest drouths, as was
vinced by my crop during the great tli
routh of 1837. But no farmer let his b<
oil-be of what character it may, should pi
e deterred from an effort to raise either p<
lie beet or ruta biga for his stock. Deep tl
toughing, the soil well'pulverized, liberal b<
lanuring and judicious after culture, will k
nsure a remunerating crop upon any soil; p<
nd when he has once, had the pleasure pi
f witnessing the improved condition of tl
is animals, the increased quantity and st
nproved quality of his manure, and tt
eard the flattering statements of his wife n
mching the improvements of her dairy, *
e will be goaded on to farther efforts. U
Experience, however, has convinced p
lethat entire aid uniform'success in fl
lot culture depen is upon many things? a
acti small in itself, but of the greatest o
nportance when taken in the aggregate. al
shall endeavor to treat of each in its tl
roper place: In regard to the prepara- a
ion of the land, riuch must depend upon t!
he nature and quality of the soil; a san* I;
y soil or mellow loam would, with one a
Toughing, be put in finer tilth and bet. p
er condition for planting, than a stiff t!
lay, or many other soils ploughed at an i
mproper time (either too wet or too dry) s
rith three ploughings and as many o
larrowings; let it suffice to say, the soil a
oust be completely pulverized, or it is t
iseless to commit your seed to the ground; v
his is a matter very easily accomplished, e
f the soil is ploughed when in a proper c
tatc; seize this opportunity whether it c
e earlier or later?harrow while the i
urrow is yet moist; if not completely I
tulverized, apply the roller, and the work r
s accomplished, and the first important <
tep has been taken to secure a crop. i
A clover sward or ley is to be prefered;
irst, on account of the great quantity of t
egetable matter, which will all be de- t
omposed and converted into food for the 1
rop at the time the bulbs are growing (
nost rapidly, which is at a late period in |
he season, (particularly turnips) as it is j
, fact well known to all turnip growers, c
hat however luxuriant the foliage, the i
ulbs do not increase rapidly in size until t
he nights have lengthened considerably, r
nd become coder; but what is more t
mportant, the roots of the clover are I
nore evenly distributed throughout the t
oil than it is possible to intermix manure 1
r vegetable matter by any artificial t
irocess: hence that portion of the soil in i
he immediate vicinify of the plants, and \
rhich cannot after planting be stirred (
rith the plough or any other implement 1
etains its mellowness and is kept in fine <
ilth throughout the season, and of course ]
etains more moisture and furnishes a <
iner bed for the plants. t
a
The quantity of manure necessary to
ipply will in a great measure depend upon
he richness of the soil. Eight or ten
:ords of unfermented manure to the acre
>n an ordinary soil is sufficient to ensure
l fair crop. Let this be spread and
urned under with the plough as early in
he spring as the land is in proper condi.
ion for this operation ; but the furrow
ihould not be completely inverted; iet
hem be laid one against another; in
his way the manure will be very evenly '
listributed from the top to the bottom of
he furrow. A plough, manufactured by
Wiley & Conklin, of Peekskill, N. YM
>erforms this operation better than any I
mve seen used." The land should he
oiled and harrowed twice- or thrice he/iha
ojiuo/iri nrnvno (Vv ? nlo nf i nrr TKa
yj I CJ IIJC oua.^iMa ttiingo vi ^JUUVIII^I M IIV
;eeds of all weeds will vegetate during I
hi* period, and be destroyed by the har- I
ow, while the soil will be much benefitted |
>y having a mellow surface constantly i
;xposed to the atmosphere. When the (
eason for planting ha9 arrived, spread I
ipon the land ten or twelve loads (say 1
10 hushels each) of compost to the acre, j
vhich should be prepared for this pur- <
lose early in the spring or fall previous; 1
larrow once to cover the wagon tracks t
ind make all smooth and mellow; then \
vith a plough throw the land in ridges t
hrce feet distant from centre to centre t
if each ridge. By this operation, the (
jompost which has been spread upon the t
lurface >\ il 1 nearly all be gathered into f
he ridgo and placed in a situation to |
:ome in contact with the roots of the 1
dant in the earliest stages of its growth, i
ind ensure a healthy and vigorous start, i
which is a matter of much importance, y
f the preparation of the compost should i
iave been neglected, spread by hand f
. small quantity of wood ashes (say 10 c
kushels per acre) upon the centre of the i
idge immediately after the seed have t
>een drilled in. The land should be \
idged for two reasons. In the first \
ilace it gives a greater depth of soil?an b
dvantnge to all tap rooted plants;?and b
lecondly, it saves much labor in the after t
llture, as the elevation of the plant Ic
>on the ridge will permit the use of the nu
ough or cultivator (the latter implement bu
consider the best) between the rows, co
I a very early period of their growth, lai
it if planted upon a level surface, the T1
je must be used a considerable time, thi
hich is both tedious and expensive. sa
SEED, PLANTING, &C. mi
Turnip seed may be planted dry, as cr<
ley vegetate very soon; but the sugar tu
jet and mangel wurtzel seed should be su
it in a vessel, and water (quite warm) tit
Hired upon them, to remain therein for mi
le space of twelve hours?the water to df
b ^hanged occasionally so as to to wi
ept warm during the whole time?then fir
oured off and the seed set in a dark it
lace; they will vegetate much sooner pi
lan if left in the water; let them be a
tirred two or three times a day, bringing ce
lose at the bottom uppermost to keep the
loisture equally distributed through the fa
'hole mass. When they begin to vege-, b?
ite mix a small quantity of ashes or I rc
* *
laster with the seed to absorb the super- p<
uous moisture, and prevent them from th
dhering to each other; they may then p
e thrown in the drill and planted, which w
hould if possible be done on the same day "
fie ridges are formed; in fact, the sooner ft
fter the ridge is thrown up the better, as ri
tie newly formed ridge will be sufficient. d<
y moist to bring up the seed without the
id of rain. I have frequently had my ?*
lants to appear above ground in less than ci
tiree days after the seed was planted, t!
mother very important advantage re- q
ulting from planting on a fresh ridge or b
ne newly formed, is, that the plants o
ttain such size, that the first hoeing and tl
hinning may be performed before the ii
reeds interfere in the least with this op. ii
iration, by which, a saving of 100 per s<
:ent. in the labor will be effected. This
iperation is also much facilitated by an 1
mproved hoe which I have used for the a
ast three years?one man performing as t
nuch labor as three or four men with the 8
>rdin iry hoe, and not being in general c
lsed, I shall here attempt to describe it: g
rhere i? first an eye, in which the han. v
lie is to be inserted; to this eye there is 8
ittached two prongs similar to thoBe of a c
lay fork, only larger and much more
jurved; at the extremity of each of these f
irongs a small hole is made for a rivet;
i very thin blade of the best steel two in.
;hes wide and seven inches long, (which n
s the space between the extremities of g
he prongs) is secured to said prongs by f
ivcts; the two prongs are so curved that v
he blade when attached sits considera. ?
ily inclined in a direction parallel with a
he handle. With this, any ordinary *
land may, in a few minutes, be taught f
o hoe or dress a row of plants with t
learly the same facility that he would s
valk from one end to the other, drawing I
he implement after him, with the blade *
kept just beneath the surface?one cornI
A - A . '.I A- . l_ AI m
?r nearly in coniaci wun me piams, inus '
massing down the one side and up the i
>ther, of each row. This operation c
ihould be performed in the forenoon of a s
clear day, whereby the weeds will alt be t
destroyed before night by the influence t
>f the sun. Another and more experien. *
ced hand should follow with a similar hoe e
\o thin the plants, which he will per- <]
form by drawing the hoe across the row c
it regular intervals of twelve inches?the n
hoe being seven wide, will leave a space a
yf five inches untouched, in which 8|>ace i
if a sufficient quantity of seed has been c
jsed, there will remain from two to six e
slants ; the cultivator may then be used r
between the rows, and if this operation 1
ye carefully and skilfully performed, 1
nothing more will be necessary until the a
jlants have become firmly fixed in the
soil, when the inferior and superfluous t
flants may be thinned by hand?the most s
nealthy and vigorous plants only being d
eft. If there be any vacancies, it is bet- t
er to leave some extra single plants (the 11
nlanls to be left about twelve inches t
ipart) until they have attained the size h
)f a man's finger, when they may be ta- ?
ten up with a sharp stick and transplanted t
[f this operation is performed when the j
>lants are very small, in nine cases out t
>f ten it will prove a failure ; but if de- t
aycd until this stage of their growth, d
hey w ill scarcely be distinguished at har- a
nesting from those not transplanted. If e
' < ? ? V--1-J 1 rl
ne weeus are eniireiv eraaicaiea wneii v
he operation of thinning is performed, r
)ne slight hoeing is all the hand labor *
hat will be required thereafter. The <]
oliage will soon become so dense as to f
arevent any farther growth of weeds in a
:he immediate vicinity of the roots. The t
ipace between the roots may be kept in h
ine tilth and perfectly clean with a culti. t
fator drawn by one hdrse. (I use an f
mplernent of this kind with a hinge in b
ront, by which it may be contracted or t
ixpanded to any width, and as the roots c
ncrease in size, it is contracted to suit ('
he space.) In this way it will be percei.
ed a crop of tooU. may be raised with h
ery trifling ejpease.. , My crop of sugar n
>eets the last year coft four cents per u
lushel.?My rota baga a fraction less y
ban five coots, {p (be estimate of Qost t]
barged fifty cents per load for the mare;
which I believe ;quite enough, as
t little more than half the manure is.
nsum'ed by the root crop. For use of
id I charged the interest of $1 per acre.'
l'e fanner should always bear in mind
&t the old adage?"a stich in time
Ves nine," will in no case apply witfr
are force than in the culture o(a root
op. Let him seize the earliest oppofnity,
after the plants have attamed
fficient size, to perform the first opera>n,*
Viz: hoeing- and thinning.' There
ay fall a heavy rain, Or a continuation
Wet weather may render his land too
it to'cultivate until the weeds get each',
ro and full possession, that he will' fin<l
nlmnat as tpHioim anrl to aiirr.
aht them as to get a possession tlpou^ii'
writ of ejectment in the CouitofCh&nry.
The preparation, manuring,
ct, all the preparatory process herein*
ifofe recommended, will apply to all
)ot crops, except, in preparing for the
jtafoe, slight furrows should be made
tree feet distant from each other?-the
afatoes planted (large tubers should al*
ay's be cut) about twelve inches iasander
i the furrow, and covered hy running a.
irrow on each' side, forming a slight,
dge over them, which may be rolled
own as soon as the planting is completed.
The after culture of the potato# must
1 some measure depend upon the variety
ultivated.?For instance, the Foxite*'
le most esteemed variety among us, re*
ujres level cultivation (no bills;) the(
earing roots appear to seelc and spread
vcr the whole surface or space between
ie rows; fine tubers will be found grow*
ng or grown from twelve tp eighteen
aches from the hill or place where the
eed were deposited.
There are some other varieties, vit:
Phe Rohan, the Long Reds or tA Platte,
nd Mercer, all grow in a cluster around
he stem; the ground is burst open, and
is they increase in size, the potato* be*
irmes exposed to the sun, dpc., turns
^reen,and is rendered worthless: hence
vith such varieties the quantity is incres*
_j i IL_ i:.? : i L..
ca anu me tjuaiuy uupruvou ujr uic |nv>
ess of hilling; but this process should
>e perfermed soon after the tubers have
ormed.
GATHERING AND STORING.
The sugar beet and mangel wurtzel, as
Iso the ruta baga, are all drawn from the
ground bv hand; but in regard to the two
irst named roots, the operator should,
vhile he holds the root in his hand, twirt
f the top, as it may be done quite as soon
s cutting?with Jess danger of injury to
he roots, and thereby require once handing
only to complete this operation. The
ops and roots may each be thrown in
eparate heaps when they are ready to
>e loaded, by boys into carts. The baresting
of the ruta baga should vary
omewhat from this, as with them, it is
lecesjtary to use a knife; for it ia highly
mportant that the fibrous root or roots
if the turnip he all cut off; animals
hould not be permitted to eat them?
hey possess an acid quality that invaria>ly
produces scouring, and if persisted in
rill reduce the finest animaf to a skeleton.
Several individuals of roy ae[uaintance,
who have recently commeii*
eathe cultivation of ruta baga inform
ne that they have produced such laxative
tate of the bowels, as to produce doubts
n their minds whether they are actually
>f any service as food for stock; upoir
inquiry, I found in every case the fibrous
oots had been fed with the bulb. I have
pd several animals the past winter (for
>eef)with 11-2 bushels each per day,
md without an exception their bowels
lave remained in a healthv state during
he whole time. A small quantity of
alt is given with the morning mesa each
lay. But to return to the gathering:
he cheapest and moat expeditious mode
3 to pull and throw four or five rows
ogether; other hands follow with suita.
>le knives?seize the top, and at one
eparate the small root or roots frotn the
>ulb or turnip; and by another stroke
ust below the hand divest it of the top?
hrowing the tops in small heaps; adrysitlation
should then be selected, and a hole
lug four feet wide and one foot deep* of
my length that may be required; fill up
iven with the surface, and continue adling
until it assumes the form of the^
oof of a building, only steeper; cover
vith long straw, and over that a sufficient
|uantity of earth to protect the foots
rom frost; let them remain in this situ,
tion until the ground* becomes frozen,
hen with a crow.bar or something simi*r,
make holes on the centre oftheridge
hrough the roots at the distance of four
eet fiom each other. If these directions
e followed, they will be in as fine condi.
ion on the first of March as wbeir buri.
d. Burying in the field is certainty pre.
erratfie to cellars, particularly for the
urnip, as thej &e much more liable to
anHkan tUa kaal mliiali aUanl<l ktf *11
cai man vuo vuvuiu wr
leans be avoided if possible, if they are
3tended as food for milch cows* as the
oung and tender leaves which they
[irow out, when the become heated iS9? v