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sjfm nwwu " ' / VOLUME VI CHERAW, SOUTH-CAROLINA, WEDNESDAY, JUNE 16, 1841. NUMBER 31. * By M. MAC LEAX* Teams;?Published weekly at three dollars year; with an addition, when not paid withi Three months, of twenty per cent per annum. Two new subscribers may take the paper a five dollar* in advance; and ten at twenty. Four subscribe**, not receiving their paper 'in town, may pay a year's Subscription with te 'dollars, in advance. A year's subscription always due in advance Papers not discontinued to solvent subscriber in arrears. nod exceeding 16 lines inserts 'or one dollar the first time, and fifty cents eacl ubsequeat time. For insertions at interval* o Two weeks cents after the first, and a dot la if the intervals are longer. Payment due ii advance for advertisements. When the numbe *?f insertions is not marked on the copy, th aokrffttsement will bo inserted, and charged ti Ordered out. tT The postage must be paid on letters to th editor on the business of the otfice. HINTS TO PLANTERS AN 11 EAR MERS. FROM THE BALTIMORE AMERICAN FARMER The vxint of Rural Amusements.?Th danger of Intellectual Idleness. A modern novel writer remarks, tha uThe mind thai lies fallow hut asingl ^ day sprouts up in follies that are only to h hilled by const mt and assiduous culture.' Agreeing with him in opinion, we quot< the observation, not so much for the nov elty of the thought it expresses as for th< appositeness of the simile drawn from a griculturai life, to illustrate an importan moral truth, and from the persuasion tha omething may be said in the way of am plification which may he useful to ou agricultural readers. The passages quoted inculcates, in fam iliarand forcible language, a lesson whicl all should bear in mind, and none mor< than those who reside in the country where the means of mental and social re creations are not so various and accessible M in towns?that we should have always at hand, under all changes of circumstan ces and of weather, some attentive and use fid occupation ; for, however uncultivatec may be the intellect, state of quiescence will ever be painful as it is unnatural This principle of Nature may be seen ir the action and habits of almost all atiirna ted beings possessed of the power of loco, motion. Can we then imagine any case where utter inactivity must be more un> endurable than with young people; full of sensibility, and alive to the influence oi all the passions that belong to youth and health ? Under this fixed principle of out physical constitution, how indispensable that we should be made, in early life aufticiently conversant with books, to en sure a love of reading. But this love car only become general when society shal become moreenlightennd?when it shal not be considered "good" without some mental refinement. Then shall those who cannot sustain themselves in com puny by a fair and reasonable display o liberal acquirement lose their caste ; anc to this end, and for this state of things we should all unite in earnest and con tint endeavors. Well would it be, too if all young people destined for agricultur ! life, whatever may be their fortunes or prospects, could be taught some usefu handicraft, which might be wrought at ir all weathers, in-doors and out of doors It might serve to fill up many wearisome hours when fatigued with reading ; foi we are told that even Homer sometime: nodded. Above all, let young people never be idh We have the warrant of Scriptures foi aying, there is a time for all things * .4 time to weep and a time to laugh, a time t* mnnm inrl ? time to dance." Indeed with us, it is very questionable whethei the banishment, under whatever influenc as, of all the jovial amusements of the olden time, such as the manly and exhih arating pleasures of the chase, with all it.' comic incidents and occasional mishaps the no less animating and healthful game: with the ball, the quoit, and the bowl a nine-pins; with the lively sleighing parties ^ and the joyous dance to the merry fiddli of some popular old character?some oh negro Cato, or Pompey, or Ciesar, or An thooy, with all the jocund frolics tha once circled in merry-round, from house to house, through the winter months : w< much doubt whether the suppression o all these diversions has been followed h] any real increase in the practice of thi great virtues of truth, honor, temperance charity, and " true hospitality," whicl then sat at every man's door to welcoir< the coming guest. Who that can remember it doe3 no look back with a compound feeling o pleasure and melancholy to the tim< #'hen n Dames of ancient days " Have led their children through the mirthful maze, And the gay giandsire, skilled in gostic loro, Hw fciek'd beneath the burden of threescore. What recreations, what occupations for the mind and spirit, have been suhsti tuted for these refreshing and healthfu rustic exercises and enjoyment whic! than filled up our seasons of leisure, an kept the heart, at least, if not tho mine from laying 44 fallow ?" Is it better edu cationl But we are digressing. The farmer who manages, his ow estate, as all should do, at least their home stead, may rest assured thai if his sons ar fcept idle ut home after having fiaishe their scholastic education, (for education is finished only with life,) if they have a not been imbued with some taste for lit. 11 erature, they will look for some other x means of flying from the pains of mental vacuity and the listlessness of bodily in. * action ; and alas ? where are they so likeQ ly now to find the relief demanded by the 5 very restlesness of our nature ? Is the s reader, wherever he may be, at a loss for the answer ? Is it not at some neighbor^ ing viliage tavern or cross-roads groggery, where they are sure to meet with vacantr minded idlers of similar wants and conn genial temper, that they most easily esr cape from self-digust to undergo sensations ? i at once exhilarating and destructive ? The ready bottle, with the charming e power of the magician's wand, dispels a. like all remembrance of the past and all 5 care for the future. Sadness and gloomy anticipations give way to momentary ex. citement. and life and all its prospects are * suddenly decked out in all the colors of the rainbow. Pleased with themselves, every thing acquires the power of pleasing; * hence on such occasions the lowest jest, e from the dullest food in comyany, suffices to raise a general laugh among his bottle companions. The most precious period t _/ i:r_ . i :ji oi nit; is wius speiu tu iiauius ui tuiciiesa e and dissipation, only because the mind f has been suffered to " lie fallow." It occurs to us as we write to suggest that s farmers, young and old, should associate * with their agricultural societies some 3 scheme to promote at the same time the " culture of the mind as well as of the earth. * The time and money that are spent in t lounging idly at country stores and tavern bars wou'd well pay for useful periodr iculs and a small select circulating library. Now that all 41 moneyed securities" are being impaired by peculation I and taxation, their holders are more and i J more disposed to look to terrafrma and to ' agriculture as the safest of all inve9ments and the most respectable of all employ3 inents; but who will choose to make set3 tlement for his family in a bocetian district, where moral darkness forever prevails, J and the very soul is locrusted with ignor| ance or steeped in sensuality ? In neigh3 j borhoods where the mind is thus permit* | ted to lie fallow, men rarely come together II except at public places of resort, and " there all conversation is stereotyped. It ' usually begins with, 44 Is there much fly * in your wheat ??many worms in your 1 tobacco?" mingled with partisan jokes . and gibes, and expressions of anxiety or i <>f hone, not for the srood of their country 1 or the means of their country's present disembarrassment and future glory, but ' for the success of their parly ? These ' sage inquiries and profound suggestions being made, the next motion is to the [ counter for drink," as the readiest way to stir and enliven a stagnant mind. Hut let us turn from a picture so unviting ' to contemplate one no more like it than 5 " Hyperion to a satyr." How many cop* " iousand perennial springs of delicious en-( joyments?how many interesting themes of endless and untiring conversation, are 1 opened for the mind and heart of man by an early culture of the intellectualfaculties'. ' More to be desired than the fame lamp of Aladdin, it unlocks to us the infinitely | diversified stores of political and natural history. It exposes to the contemplation 1 of the delighted student, not only the geo' graphical lines, but the varied productions and peculiar manners, institutions, arts, and trades of all parts of the world, it be5 gets a fondness for biography, and by that means enables and leads us to hold, in our closet, communion approaching to tho r pleasure of personal intercourse with the 1 most illustrious characters of the remotest ' antiquity?44 the departed great and the ' illustrious wise;" it gives a taste for the r sciences, and these qualify us to penetrate and study Nature in all her kingdoms? ' botany, mineralogy, agriculture the history and cultivation of fruits, flow3 i ers. grains, and grasses. Thus ' i prepared by useful and judicious training, f 1 having once entered the portals and 1 caught a glimpse of the rich and numerous J | chambers in the palace of knowledges " | how certain'will be the distaste of the, I young farmer and planter ever after for ! all vulgar and vicious associations and 1 habits ! How impossible that he should not revolt with horror from the thought, j. of finding recreation in the ruinous chances of the gaming table, or the yet more ' blasting excitements of the bowl! I Beginning with a quotation from one ' novelist let us conclude with one from 1 another: " They, only are justifiable in j " seclusion who, like thegreat philosophers, make that very seclusion the means of j P serving and enlightening their race?who from their retreats send forth their oracles " i.Jnm ? M/-I mgL'fl tho which U1 n IOUUIII (I il\l IIIUUU HIV *.VWW. ? surrounds them eloquent with the voice of truth." The farmer may enlighten by his example, as the philosopher does by his precopts. Finally, let him remember that the bow, to retain its'elasticity must ] ; sometimes be unbent. He has for his - children to choose between?education d and the love of books, or?dissipation ! j h for we have no longer any rural amused ments. t- From the Essex Agricultural Reports, j charles f. putnam^ statement. n Gentlemen* : The cow offered by me ! for premium this day, was raised in Ver-1 e moot, and is six years old. She calved ' d the twenty-fifth day of October, 1839, j and the calf was taken away November 14th. Her feed from the fifteenth November to May 15th, has been English hay and one and a half peck of sugar beets per day. From May 15th to this date she has been in a very poor pasture, and has had two quarts of Indian meal, or three quarts ground oats, per day, with hay at night. I have kept an exact account of the milk taken from her at each milking since November 15th, and shall furnish you with a copy; I shall also furnish the expense of keeping, with the amount of sale of milk. I should be pleased to continue the account and complete the year, if it meets the views of the committee. The cow is remarkably gentle, and her milk is of a very superior quality. Mr. James Holt, of Danvers, sold me the cow; she was considered superior for butter, having made in one week ten lbs. 3 oz., with her second calf. She has had three calves, and will calve again in March. I am very respectfully, youre, Chas. F. Putnam. Salem, Sept. 28th, 1840. ! Havin<r kent an nrr.iirntft account of the milk from my cow, for which a premium was awarded at Georgetown, I submit it to be used as you may think proper. Qts. Pts. Gills. From 1839, Nov. If, to De. 14,433 0 1 44 44 De. 15, to Jan 13,1840,425 1 2 44 1830, Jan. 14, to Feb. 12/405 0 0 44 " Feb 13, to Mar. 13, ^ 375 1 0 44 44 Mar. 14, to Apr. 12, 4 370 1 3 44 44 Apr. 13, to May 12, 4 342 I 3 44 44 May 13, to June II, 4368 I I 44 44 June 12, to July II, 4 367 0 0 44 44 July 12, to Aug 10, 4 303 I 0 44 44 Aug. II to Sept. 9, 4 275 0 I 44 44 Sept. 10, to Oct. 9, 4 205 I. 0 44 44 Oct. 10, to Nov. 13, 4 272 0 1 4214 0 I being nearly an average of twelvo quarts per day for the year. This milk I value as follows: 3333 quarts at 6 cents, 199 98 881 44 at 5 cents, 4 44 05 Gross amount of produce, $244 03 Costs of keeping: 2| tons of hay at $15 37 50 684 bushels sugar beets, 13 05 G bushels ground oats, 2 88 8 bushels Indian meal, 6 20 Pasturage and driving, II 50 Consumption of meat?There are few things in the habits of Americans, which strike the forsign observer with more force , than the extravagant consumptinn of food ?and more especially of meat, Truly we may be*called a carnivorous people With nllmir nntrrv nhmit hnrrltimps. the nuanti. ~ _? J _ 1 ?- -J tyof provisslon consumedin America would support, in health, treble our population in Europe. The vast consumption of meat is not only wasteful, but injurious to health, and to activity, of body and mind. The body if made of iron, would be unable to perform all the f\mctions?mposed upon it at one time?especially is it we should suppose, without pretending to any science on*the subject, deleterious to eat meat suppers?or to eat a heavy meal immediately preceding any necessary action of body and mind?How well this is proved by the experience of tho turf?Suppose a race to be made for a sum, half forfeit, and on going into his stable the trainer finds that although he is sure that his nag is the better horse, the groom has been bribed to give him a gallon of oats and water at pleasure, would he not at once withdraw, and pay forfeit sooner than encounter the certainty of paying the full amount! Afay it not be averred that one half of the provission consumed in the country might be saved with certainty of avoiding the numerous diseases that arise from plethora, impaired digestion and disordered blood? r -i i i r e I . 1? Licr ine neaas or any iamuy examine uiu subject, and they will find that a substitution of bread and vegetables and milk for three-fourths of the meat consumed, would be attended with economy and beti ter health. American Farmer. From the American Farmer. ESSAY ON TIIE CULTIVATION, FEEDING, &C. OF ROOTS. [The following Essay presented for the prize offered by us some time since, for which there was no competition. It is dated at Princeton, N. J. but the author is unknown to us; we should be pleased to obtain his address, as we desire to present him with certain volumes of this journal for his Essay, which, as far as our judgment extends, contains much valuable instructions upon a branch of j husbandry, the importance of which cannot be too highly estimated, and which is daily becoming more extensively prac| tised.] ESSAY. Hciving for several years past paid considerable attention to the culture of roots for my stock, the experience which I have thus acquired has enabled mc in each succeeding year to increase my crops, while the expense of cultivation has been considerably lessened. Thellatterr ing success which has attended my efforts in this branch of husbandry, has induced me to become a competitor for the pre. mium you propose to award for the best essay on the cultivation, feeding, &c. of roots; with this view the annexed is therefore offered for your consideration. ! I shall in the first place treat of the soil and its preparation. A deep loam is < most favorable to the successful cultivation of root crops, as the long tap roots penetrate more readily to such a depth as not to bo affected by an ordinary drouth; and soils of this character, when highly manured, become so retentive of mots* tore, that root crops under judicious cultivation are rarely injured to any extent by the severest drouths, as was evinced by my crop during the great drouth of 1837. But no farmer let his soil-be of what character it may, should be deterred from an effort to raise either the beet or ruta baga for his stock. Deep ploughing, the soil well pulverized, liberal manuring and judicious after culture, will ensure a remunerating crop upon any soil; and when he has once, had the pleasure of witnessing the improved condition of his animals, the increased quantity and improved quality of his manure, and heard the flattering statements of his wife touching the improvements of her dairy, he will be goaded on to farther efforts. Experience, however, has convinced me that entire and uniform success in root culture depends upon many things? each small in itself, but of the greatest importance when taken in the aggregate. I shall endeavor to treat of each in its proper place: In regard to the preparation of the land, much must depend upon the nature and quality of the soil; a sandy soil or mellow loam would, with one ploughing, be put in finer tilth and better condition for planting, than a stiff clay, or many other soils ploughed at an improper time (either too wet or too dry) with three ploughings and as many harrowings; let it suffice to say, the soil | must be completely pulverized, or it is useless to commit your seed to the ground; this is a matter very easily accomplished, if the soil is ploughed when in a proper state; seize this opportunity whether it be earlier or later?harrow while the furrow is yet moist; if not completely pulverized, apply the roller, and the work is accomplished, and the first important step has been taken to secure a crop. A clover sward or ley is to be prefered ; first, on account of the great quantity of vegetable matter, which will all be decomposed and converted into food for the crop at the time the bulbs are growing most rapidly, which is at a late period in the season, (particularly turnips) as it is a fact well known to all turnip growers, that however luxuriant the foliage, the bulbs do not increase rapidly in size until the nights have lengthened considerably, and become cooler; but what is more important, the roots of the clover are more evenly distributed throughout the soil than it is possible to intermix manure or vegetable matter by any artificial process: hence that portion of the soil in the immediate vicinity of the plants, and which cannot after planting be stirred with the plough or any other implement retains its mellowness and is kept in fine tilth throughout the season, and of course retains more moisture and furnishes a finer bed for the plants. The quantity of manure necessary to apply will in a great measure depend upon the richness of the soil. Eight or ten cords of unfermented manure to the acre on an ordinary soil is sufficient to ensure a fair crop. Let this be spread and turned under with the plough as early in the spring as the land is in proper condition for this operation; but the furrow should not be completely inverted; iet them be laid one against another; in this way the manure will be very evenly distributed from the top to the bottom of the furrow. A plough, manufactured by Wiley & Conklin, of Peekskill, N. Y., performs this operation better than any I have seen used. The land should be rolled and harrowed twice- or thrice before the season arrives for planting. The seeds of all weeds will vegetate during this period, and be destroyed by the harrow, while the soil will be much benefitted by having a mellow surface constantly exposed to the atmosphere. When the season for Dlantin? has arrived, spread I "O upon the land ten or twelve loads (say 30 hushels each) of compost to the acre, which should be prepared for this pur. pose early in the spring or fall previous; harrow once to cover the wagon tracks and make all smooth and mellow; then with a plough throw the land in ridges three feet distant from centre to centre of each ridge. By this operation, the compost which has been spread upon the surface will nearly all be gathered into the ridge and placed in a situation to come in contact with the roots of the plant in the earliest stages of its growth, and ensure a healthy and vigorous start, which is a matter of much importance. If the preparation of the compost should have been neglected, spread by hand a small quantity of wood ashes (say 10 bushels per acre) upon the centre of the ridge immediately after the seed have been drilled in. The land should be ridged for two reasons. In the first place it gives a greater depth of soil?an advantage to all tap rooted plants;?and secondly, it saves much labor in the after culture, as the elevation of the plant ] upon the ridge will permit the use of the i plough or cultivator (the latter implement I I consider the best) between the rows, < at a very early period of their growth, I but if planted upon a level surface, the hoe must be used a considerable time, 1 which is both tedious and expensive. i SEED, PLANTING, &C. 1 Turnip seed may be planted dry, as < they vegetate very soon j nut the sugar beet and mangel wurtzel Med should be put in a vessel, and water1 (quite warm) poured upon them, to remain therein for the space of twelve hours?the water to be k changed occasionally so as to he kept warm during the whole time?then poured off and the seed set in a dark Dlace: thev will veffetate much sooner r" ' v w than if left in the water { let them be stirred two or three times a day, bringing those at the bottom uppermost to keep the moisture equally distributed through the whole mass. When they begin to vegetate mix a small quantity of ashes or plaster with the seed to absorb the super, fluous moisture, and prevent them from adhering to each other; the}' may then be thrown in the drill and planted, which should if possible be done on the same day the ridges are formed ; in fact, the sooner after the ridge is thrown up the better, as the newly formed ridge will be sufficient, ly moist to bring up the seed without the aid of rain. I have frequently had my plants to appear above ground in less than three days after the seed was planted, lnother very important advantage re. suiting from planting on a fresh ridge or one newly formed, is, that the plants attain such size, that the first hoeing and thinning may be performed before the weeds interfere in the least with this op. eration, by which, a saving of 100 per cent, in the labor will be effected. This operation is also much facilitated by an improved hoe which I have used for the last three years?one man performing as much labor as three or foyr men with the ordin iry hoe, and not being in general used, I shall here attempt to describe it: There i? first an eye, in which the handie is to be inserted ; to this eye there is attached two prongs similar to thoee of a hay fork, only larger and much more curved; at the extremity of each of these prongs a small hole is made for a rivet; ? klmln nf (ka kaat afoul ftt/A Itl. U ?CI y III IU UIQlli VI HIV ucat aivv 1 inv ches wide and seven inches long, (which is the space between the extremities of the prongs) is secured to said prongs by rivets; the two prongs are so curved that the blade when attached sits considers, bly inclined in a direction parallel with the handle. With this, any ordinary hand may, in a few minutes, be taught to hoe or dress a row of plants with nearly the same facility that he would walk from one end to the other, drawing the implement after him, with the blade kept just beneath the surface?one corn, er nearly in contact with tne plants, thus passing down the one side and up the other, of each row. This operation should be performed in the forenoon of a clear day, whereby the weeds will all be destroyed before night by the influence of the sun. Another and more experien. ced hand should follow with a similar hoe to thin the plants, which he will per. form by drawing the hoe across the row at regular intervals of twelve inches?the hoe being seven wide, will leave a space of five inches untouched, in which s|?ace if a sufficient quantity of seed has been used, there will remain from two to six plants; the cultivator may then be used between the rows, and if this operation be carefully and skilfully performed, nothing more will he necessary until the plants have become firmly fixed in the soil, when the inferior and superfluous t nlnnta mav hp thinned hv hand?the most r* j ? j healthy and vigorous plants only being left. If there be any vacancies, it is bet. ter to leave some extra single plants (the plants to be left about twelve inches apart) until they have attained the size of a man's finger, when they may be taken up with a sharp stick and transplanted If this operation is performed when the plants are very small, in nine cases out of ten it will prove a failure ; but if delayed until this stage of their growth, they w ill scarcely be distinguished at har vesting from those not transplanted. II the weeds are entirely eradicated wher j the operation of thinning is performed, one slight hoeing is all the hand laboi that will be required thereafter. me ? foliage will soon become so dense as to ? prevent any farther growth of weeds in the immediate vicinity of the roots. The space between the roots maybe kept in fine tilth and perfectly clean with a cultivator drawn by one hdpre. (I use an implement of this kind with a hinge in front, by which it may be contracted 01 expanded to any width, and as the roots increase in size, it is c6ntracted to suit the space.) In this way it will be perceh ved a crop of Tooti. may be raised with very trifling espense., My crop of sugai beets the last yeat coft four cents per bushel.?My rata bag* a fraction less ' than five cents. In the estimate of cos! [ charged fifty cents per load for the malum,' which I believe quite enough* as jut little more than half the manure is. consumed by the root crop. For use of and I charged the interest of $1 per acre*' The farmer should always bear in mind that the old adage?"a stich in time saves nine/' will in no case apply witji more force than in the culture of*a root crop. Let him seize the earliest opportunity, after the plants have attaued sufficient size, to perform the first operation,' Viz : hoeing and thinning. There may full a heavy rain, or a continuation df Wet weather may render his land too wit to'cukivate until the weed* get such firm and full possession/that he will'find it almost as tedious and expensive to supplant them as to get a possession t^rou^h a writ of ejectment in the Court of Chancery. The preparation, manuring, fn - it .1 a. jZ I * tact, an tne preparatory process ncrvin*. before recommended, will apply to all root crops, except, in preparing for the potafoe, slight furrows should be made three feet distant from each other?4he potatoes planted (large tubers should ailways be cut) about twelve inches asunder in the furrow, and covered by running a. furrow on each' side, forming a slight, ridge over them, which may be rolled down as soon as the planting is completed.' The after culture of the potato^ must in some measure depend upon the variety cultivated.?For instance, the FoxttV ,, , the most esteemed variety among us, requjres level cultivation fno bills;) the( bearing roots appear to seek and spread over the whole surface or space between the rows; fine tubers will be found grow.' ing or grown from twelve to eighteen inches from the hill or place where the seed were deposited. Ther^ are some other varieties, via: The Rohan, the Long Reds or La Piatte, and Mercer, all grow in a cluster around the stem; the ground is burst open, and as they increase in size, the pOtatofc becrmes exposed to the sun, &c., turns green,and is rendered worthless: henoa with such varieties the quantity is increased and the quality improved by the process of hilling; but this process should be performed soon after the tubers have farmed. GATHERING AND STORING. The sugar beet and mangel wurtzel, as also the ruta baga, are all drawn from the ground by hand; but in regard to the two first named roots, the operator should. while he holds the root in his hand* twist off the top, as it may be done quite as toon as cutting?with Jess danger of injury to the roots, and thereby require once handling only to complete this operation. The tops and roots may each be thrown in separate heaps when they are ready to be loaded, by boys into carts. The harvesting of the ruta baga should vary somewhat from this, as with them, it is necessary to use a knife; for it is highly important that the fibrous root or roots of the turnip he all cut off; animals should not be permitted to eat them? they possess an acid quality that invariably produces scouring, and if persisted in will reduce the finest animal' to a skeleton. Several individuals of my acquaintance, who have recently commenced the cultivation of ruta baga inform me that they have produced such laxative state of the howels, as to produce doubts in their minds whether they are actually of any service as food for stock; upon enquiry, I found in every case the fibrous t roots had been fed with the bulb. I have i fed several animals the past winter (for beef) with 11-2 bushels each per day, 1 ?-'L?- ~ I .?. ? Kair knmla auu wimuui an c.\tc;|iiivu ?uvn wnVI> i .have remained in a bealthv state during i the whole time. A small quantity of : salt is given with the morning mess each day. But to return to the gathering: , the cheapest and most expeditious mode is to pull and throw four or fire rows i together; other hands follow with suita> ble knives?seize the top, and at one separate the small root or roots from the | bulb or turnip; and by another stroke i just below the hand divest it of the topthrowing the tops in small heaps; a dry sit. uation should then be selected, and a hole , dug four feet wide and one foot deep, of . any length that may be required; fill op even with the surface, and continue ad~ i ding until it assumes the form of the^ , roof of a building, only steeper; cover.Un? atrou; and AiraptKiit Willi IVIIg WMUIT J ??MU Vf VI ? <? w i quantity of earth to protect the loots < i from frost; let them remain in this situ, i ation until the ground* becomes froeeiv > then with a crow-bar or something simii lar, make holes on the centre oftheridge , through the roots, at the distance of four i feet fi cm each other. If these direction* t be followed, they will be in as fine coodi tion on the first of March as wbeir buri, ed. Burying in the field is certainly pre. t ferruble to cellars, particularly for the , turnip, as tbey jfcc much more liable to i heat than the beet, yhich should by all means be avoided if possible, ifthey are intended as food ,fbr milch cows, as the i young and tender leaves which they ; throw out when the become beatld