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W ?-?Po rtion of Crops.?I seethiro is a I premium offered for the best rotation of c*op? ; therefore 1 shall make but a few remarks on this subject. In no case should a farmer take more than two crops j < ffgrain off thin land before it putting j ir down to grass, and whatever the rotation may be plough in a green crop where practicable, instead of an open fallow. 'Hiis will make the soil mellow and loose, and add considerably to its strength. In-conclusion, 1 beg leave to remark, that there are many ways in which land could be sooner improved than by' the i plans I have just mentioned ; but I have given the cheapest and easiest plan for those who are deficient in means. Being more accustomed to handle the plough and hoe than the pen, I am aware that the j:?r hnve jriven, might be put in (iirciuui io i c better form to appear to advantage ; but I . I are it to the committee to make such disposal of it as to thein may seem best. Very respect filttv; Columbus' JIuLkud. v jute& Tub Sugar Bkkt. Messrs Gay lord ane Tucker?I have noticed ia the late numbers of the Cultivator, Dr. Guthreie's and Mr. Bement's attacks on the sugar beet, insinuating that it is almost aworthless roolfor the feeding of stock; and as the opinions of those gentlemen, with partial experiments, are directly at varience to those of the most eminent agriculturists of France and Germany, after an experience of more than thirty years, aud to those of many of our countrymen, after trying it with satisfactory effect aboutfive years; ami as I hadthe honor ofappearing in the last May number of the Cultivator, strongly recommending its production at d feeding, I feel bound to make some comments on the commucacions, and reiterate my own experience in the feeding qualities, of what I consider ! one of the most valuable roots. I am perfectly satisfied by Dr. G's statement of the analysis that he made of the beet. vol. viii. page 40, that h? was either grossly imposed unon in the purchase of j seedand had grown themangel wratzel in- ! stead of the white Silesian, or that he had | planted it in 90 rich a vegetable soil as to produces sorank a growth asto almost to. tally destroy the saccarine matterthat is usuallyjfound in it, especially when he adds, ! u the beets brought upon our table are to- ; tallly destitute of sweetness." Now I j not only my own taste for three years in succession to prove that the sugar beets ; raised in and about Buffalo, are exceed- J ingly sweet and nutricious, but can also bring a hundred witnesses any time to corroborate the assertion, from their own daily eating. The famous blood beet j cannot compare with the sweet, tender Silisian, and as for mangel wurtzel and ' other beets, they are almost tasteless af- ; ler them : and they are never boiled in a j pot by themselves, that there is not a sweet syrup left at the botorn, almost of thc:hickness and agreeable taste of sugar- ' molasses,"which, in my opinion, only | wants to be clarified and graduated, to make good sugar. So much for personal siKte of experience; now foe that ot stock. 1 know that fed raw to cows, they considerably added to the quantity and especially the quality of the milk, making the butter as sweet, and almost of yellow as is produced on fresh summer's grass: they 1 also kept them, with the addition of hay aione, in the best possible order;and the yong stock fed on them, togetcr with hay, were as fit and almost as fine and <j!ossy in 1 their coa>s. as when on the best of summer pasture. I never tried them w ill horses, hut j should hfrdiv think them hearty food enough I for those at work. Not keeping sheep, of j course I could not experiment witu them ; but j others speak very flattering on this point, as , may have^been seen frora -om j'ommun ca io is thai wen: : lie round til-' year past in most of the agricultural papers copied, I think, from the Phi adelphia Cabinet. Beets there were j said to produce the best of mutton and the finest of wool. * ( The most important use, howev- r, that I have made of them, is with hogs. But as my breeds embrace only the China and Berkshire, it is i i reference to these superior ani. lua Is alone that 1 can speak; and here it' seems that Dr Gu'hries"- Berkshires did to)- j crably well, while hi* others almost starved. The first winter mv < rown swine partly on j potatoes, raw ; the second winter almost ex- ; clusively on raw beets, thrown to them on the j ground. 1 did not notice any difference , whatever in their appearance during these ! two seasons, but each time they were kept ( in as good flesh as 1 ever wish to have breeders, and they were by no means allowed to eat their fill of them either. The third winter, (the last) have erected a steaming apparatus. with a new piggery, i commenced cooking the f<?od for my hogs, and have frequently steamed beets alone and fed them to all ages, j from the pig two months old, tip to the grown > animal of tnnr vears To the last. I had to' st nt them to a common water pail, half full j twice a day, or say Irom eight to ten quarts, or they would gel too fat for breeding ; and as to the former, with the addition of a trifling j quanti'V of corn, I never s*w animals thrive [ better, of more contented in my life. Tli^y J would fill th? ir bellies ami he down in theii 1 straw, and dose away for hours together, as contented as puppies and as whist as mice ; 1 and this stock thus treated, 1 am not afraid to show, either for general sizenr fineness of, point, against any thing in the United States, i v .n-i lato i,niu,rivi i>,n arwl that onlv fori ??.jr ...v^ ? . great weight the-elast being somewhat of a larger class than is usual among Berkshire. During ?hts same winter I steamed a mixture of carrots and potatoes with the beets occasionally, but in feeding I found that as a general rule, the pigs would pick out the beets first, the potatoes second, and only eat the carrots when hungry at last ;*but if any one were'o ask which I thought the most nutritious I should say the potato without doubt. My accommoda'i'ins are too limited, however, to mike'the careful experiment as to the relative value of roots, bushel for bushel, and again in comparison with grain, as requested by Ml\ Caton, of Illinois but I trust that the above will be satisfactory to him and to others go far as it goes, for it is experience and n >t theory. I mint eav that I do not like this jumping at conclusions from partial experiments. ( recollect reading an address, some two years ago, by some one in Pennsylvania, beforeagricultural society, in which the Writer maintained?and he seemed to be an imqfcgunt, aciexittic man?that ruta baga, by H5IK 5535H55555SfiBHH^HH5| analysis, was but little e'sfc than wood* and | theref-re, as a food f?i*mas) and beast, it was I almost totally worthiest Indeed f And yet J thu sam* despised root, together witn ft little ) straw, makes most of the English beef and mutton, and in som instances at times onefourth supports its laboring population. Appropos to th'fl, I recollect onre telling an intelligent neighbor that I cultivated pumpkins a good deal, and fiked thein much as food for swine. " Well," he replied, "ihcy never did anything for my hogs but scour them.'' The fact was he had an inferior breed of animals. Again, I shut up some Berkshire sows that were quire poor, about three wpeks, to put thein id condition ; they were allowed nothing but pumpkins during tuis time, and were then turned out,havmg got real'v, in that short, time, almost too fat for good breeding. An intelligent gentleman, who had seen ?hem previous to thefr being shut up, and then?again when they were let out, acknowledged that nothu g but8eeing the thing with his own eyes would have co-winm-i him of the truth of it. and wound un by adding, (I do not jjive the ~ L * *L " ' - ? * -* itotni /) words exactly, out tne wuy ma'can of fatting them, then ino thv. have made th-tn skole.on poor by this."?I am no chemist, and therefore humbly ask, what would be the analysis of clover T Not much, I fancy, but water. And vot Berksbires, and in fact, all good crosses of.the C"m* bug* k'fp fat upon it in 'summer and grow well; 'and f wit Conclude this long letter on stig tr beets bv saying, that if their stock does not thrive upon them, why (hen gentlemen have been deceived in their seed, or they have not got the right, sort, of animals to consume tne toots. Like Judge Garnet!, of Virginia, I have oc. casiaually eat Rohan potatoes; whether I was in my " right senses" or not, at. the time, I can't say, but thin is the conclusion that f came to at the different times f partook o: them, that they weieonly about a third-rate table qualify. . * Vours, A. B. Ausf. PRESIDENT'S IttESSAGE. On Tuesday June 1. the President of the United States hankmittcd to both Houses of Congress the following Mess, age: To the Senate and House of Represent a tivcs'of the Unit el Slaves: Fellow-Citizens : You have been assembled in your respective halls of legislation under a proclamation bearing the signature of the illustrious citizen svho was so lately called by the direct suffrages of the People to the discharge of the important functions of their chief executive office. Upon the expiration of a single month from the day of his installation, he has paid the great debt of Nature, leaving behind him a name associated with the recollection of numerous benefits conferred upon the country during a long life of patriotic devotion. With this public bereavement are connected other considerations which will not escape the attention of Congress. The preparations necessary for his removal'to the seat of Government in view of a residence of four years must have devolved upon the late President heavy expenditures, which, if permit, ted to burden the limited resources of his private fortune, may tend seriously to the embarrassment of h ? surviving family; and it is therefore respectfully submitted to Congress whether the ordinary principies of justice would not dictate the propriety ofits legislative interposition. By A'? rtinr|.j onto] 111 IV I U1C Jjrovisiuna Ul mo luiiuiiiuomm >u the powers and duties of the high station to which he was elected have devolved upon me, and in the dispositions of the representatives of the States and of the People will he found, to a great extent, a solution of the problem to which our in- i solutions are for the first time subjected. In entering upon the duties of this office, I did not feel that it would be bo. coining in me to disturb what had been ordered by mv lamented predecessor.? Whatever therefore may have been my opinion, originally, as to the propriety ofconvening Congress at so early a day from that of its late ad journment, I found a new and a controlling inducement not to interfere with the patriotic desires of the late President, in the novelty of the situation in which I was so unexpectedly placed. My first wish under such circumstances would necessarily have been to have called to my aid in the administration of public affairs the combined wisdom of ihe two Houses of Congress, in order to f take their counsel and advice at? to the best mode of extricating the Government and the country from the embarrassments weighing heavily on bolfi. I am then most happy in finding invselfso soon after my accession to the Presidency surrounded bv the immediate Representatives of j the States and People. No important changes having taken place in our foreign relations since the last Session of Congress, it is not deemed : necessary on this occasion to go into a ! detailed statement in regard to them. I j am happy to say that I see nothing to de- I strov the hope of being able to preserve j peace. The ratification of the treaty with Por- I tugal lias been duly exchanged between ! i.t?/-, r.'nui.rnmnnlij Tllltj finVPm. ! ment has not boon inattentive to the in. i terests of those of our citizens who have ; claims on the Government of Spain found- i ed on express treaty stipulations, and a hope is indulged that the representations j which have been made to that Govern- J ment on this subject may lead ere long to beneficial results. A correspondence has taken place be. tween the Secretary of State and the \linl.'tur o f Hop It r I tn n n i n Moinstv Rfprpflit. : I VI liUI X/l liUIIIIIV/ 1*1 UJVO1 T M">v ' vv"* ted to this Government on the subject of Alexander McLeod's indictment and imprisonment, copies of which are herewith communicated Congress In addition to what appears from these papers, it may be proper to state that Alexander McLeod has been heard bv the Supreme Court of the State of New York on his motion to be discharged from imprisonment, and that the decision of that Court has not as yet been pronounced. The Secretary of State has addressed to me a paper upon two subjects, interesting to the commerce of the country, which will receive mv consideration, arid . p . which I have the honor to communicate to th Congress. %. su - So far as it depends on the course of & this Government, ohr relations of good- sa will and friendship will be sedulously cul- si; tivated with all nations. * rue Amer- ex ican policy w II -be found to consist in ah the exercise of a spirit of justice to be de manifested in the discha 'ge of all our fir international obligations, to the weakest D of the family of nations as well as to the mast powerful. Occasional conflicts of an opinion may arise, but when the discus- na siona incident to them are conducted in Ih the language of truth and with a strict re- mi gard to justice, the scourge of war will nc for the ntest part be avoided. The time an ought to be regarded as having gone by rn when a resort to arms is to be esteemed as Of the only proper arbiter of national differ- 0( ences. or The census recently taken shows a 0( regularly pr >gr< a ive icreases in our pop , ulation. Upon the breaking out of the G war of the Revolution, our numbers {n scarcely equaled three millions of souls; ou they already exceed seventeen millions, (jU and will continue to progress in a ratio ta iarKir>ti rlnnlinufc ill a ruiruul ?f aKlIlt t Wen. " "7" fw,r;u r iei ty tnree-yeurs. I he old States contain a territory suficient in itself to maintain ,pj a population of additional millions, and the most popuiouse of the new States may cri even vet be regarded as but partially set- j tied, while of* the new lands on this side ofthe.Rocky Mountain tosaynothing of the immense,region which stretches from the base of the Mountain to the w' Columbia river, about 770,000:000 acres, 'a^ ceded and unceded Still remain to be tiv brought into market. We hold out to the est people of other countries an invitation to thi come and settle among us as members of | syj our rapidly growing family; and, for the j f0i blessings which we oFor them, we require th< of them to look upon our country as their j10 country, and to unite with us in the great | j)e lask of pn-serving our institutions, and j ^ hereby perpetuating our liberties. *?U motive exist for foreign conquest. We ^ desire but to reclaim our almost' illimitable wilderness and to introduce into their depth the light of civilization. While we *? shall at all times be prepared to vindicate ca the national honor, our most earnest de- m sire will be to maintained an unbroken ow peace. . , - wi In presenting the foregoing views, I . cannot withhold the expression of the tjn opinion that there exists nothing in the yja extension of our empire over our acknow(edged possession to excite the alarm of j the patriot for the safety of our institutions The Federalist system, leaving to each rev State the care of its domestic concern, cu' and devolving on the Federal Govern. onrl ment those of general import, admits the ?P< greatest expansion, but, at the same time, Up I deem it proper to add that there will be nei found to exist at all times an imperious cy necessity for restraining all the function- inij aries of this Government within the range t)f, of their respective powers, thereby ppeser- ma vingajust balance between the powers g0 granted to this Government and those re- ^ Nerved to the S a e or the people. ^ From the report of the Secretary of the ^ Treasury, you will perceive that the fiscal means present and accruing areinsuffieient to supply tho wants of the Government U!M for the current year. The balance in the an< Treasury on the fourth day of March last me not covered by outstanding drafts, and th? exclusive of trust funds, is estimated at or $860,000. This includes the sum of ito $215,000 deposited in the Mint and its pit branches to procure metal for coining j t0 and in process of coinage, and which I t0 could not be withdrawn without incon- j ^ venience; leaving subject to draft in the | various depositories the sum of $045,000. Bv virtue of two several acts of congress the Secretary of theTr'easurv wasauthori- ^,n' " p 1 zedto issue, on and after the fourth day of March last, Treasury notes to the amount s,t of $5,413,000 making an aggregate avail- mn able fund of $5,058,000 on hand. , Bat this fund was chargeable with out. I standing Treasury notes redeemed in the i CC! current year and interest thereon to the ' ot* estimated amount of five million two hun. 1 p'i dred and eighty thousand dollars. There of is also thrown upon the Treasury the pay. dc< rnentofa large amount ofdemands accrued I St. in whole or in part in former years which to will exhaust the available meant of the the Treasury, and leave the accruing'revenues sta reduced as it is in amount, burdened with (ec debt and charged with the current expen- | . ses of the Government. The aggregate ^ amount of outstanding appropriations on f the fourth day of March last was $33,429,- m (116 50 of which $24,210,009 will he rc- un quired during the current year; and there P,a will also be required for th3 use of the War j nc' Department additional appropriations to a*' the amount of two million five hundred the and thirty-two dollars and ninetv-eight ter cents, the special oojecr or winch will De i coi seen by reference 10 the report of the Sec- bai rctary of War. we The anticipated means of the Treasury pjG are greatly inadequate to this deinend.? ma The receipts from customs for the last {- ( three quarters of the last vear, and the . r 10! first quarter of the present year, amounted ( to $2,742,450; showing an average reve- a nue from both souices of $1236,870 per ?ra month. A gradual e.\ pens ion of trade growing out of a restorafian of confidence, ex< together with a reduction in the expenses ; del of collecting officers, may cause an addi- the tion to the montoly recepts from the i wil customs. They are estimated for the res-1 wh idue of the year from the fourth of March j put at ?12,000,000; the receipts from the j pri, public lands for the same time are estima- $2 ted at ?2,500,000; and from miscellane- ajt. neous sources at $ 170,00 I; making an ag- j gregateof available fund within the year of $15,670,000; which will leave alprobable deficit of $11,406,132 9S. To meet this ne> . . pnf some temporary provision is necessary, until tbe amount can be absorbed by the cro excess of revenues which are anticipated yec to accure at no distant diy. * pur There will fall due within the next ren ' 0 ^ \ ree months Treasury notes of the isc of 1840, including interest, -about ?,850,000., There is chargeable in the j me period for arrearages for taking the i tth census, $294,000; and the estimated , penditures for the current service are out 88,100,000, making the aggregate mands upon the Treasury, prior to the st of September next, about 11,310,000 oils. The ways and means in the Treasury ' id estimated to accrue within the above Lined period, consists of about 6 94,000 ( oils of funds available on the 29th ulti* 1 a; an unissued Balance of Treasury ! >tes authorized by the act of 1841. i nounting to 1.955.000, Dolls and estiated receipts from all sources of 3, 800,>0 ; Dolls making an aggregate of about ? A n v>/Y ].?kft?fin/? n A Ck e%% t \j \r\j, cljiu jratiiig a piunauic uculii i the 1st of September next of $4,835,. ( K). In order io supply the wants of the overnment, an intelligent constituency m ' ' * I view of their best interests, will, withit hesitation, submit to all necessary irdens. But it is nevertheless impor. nt so to impose them as to avoid de- ^ ating the just expectations of the conny, growing out of pre-existing laws.? ric act of 24th March, 1833. commonly lied the compromise act, should not be Jefed except uttder urgent necessities, j lich are not belinved at this time 10 exist le year only remains to complete the series reductions provided for by that law,at ' lich time provisions made by the same ' v, and which then will be brought ac- ' elv in aid of the manufacturing inter. - . t ts of the Union, will not fail to produce s most beneficial results. Under a 1 stem of discriminating duties imposed f purposes of reve nue, in union with ( 3 provisions of existing laws, it is to be ped that our policy will, in the future, ' fixed and permanent, so as to avoid c ise constant .fluctuations which defeat 1 5 very objects which they have in view. ' e shall best maintain a position which, ' ule it will enable us the more renddy s meet the advances of other countries 1 Iculated to promote our trade and com. ' srce, will at the same1 time leave in our r n hands the means of retaliating th greater effect unjust regulations.- * In intimate connexion with the ques- g n of revenue is that which makes pro- J ion for a suitable fiscal agent capable adding increased facilities in the coltion and disbursement of the public r renues, rendering more secure their ^ itody, and consulting a true econiy in the great multiplied and delicate jrationsof the Treasury Department. . ion such an agent depends in an emiit degree the establishment of a curreii* r of uniform value, which is of so great 1 portance to all the essential interests society ; and on the wisdom to be nifested in its creation much depends, ' intimately inte;*woven are its opera- ^ ns, not only with the interests of in. . iduals, but with those of the States, J it it may be regarded in a great de. ;e as'controlling both. If paper be ;d as the chief medium of circulation s d the power be vested in the Govern- s mt of issuing it at pleasure, either in ; form of Treasury drafts or any other, J if banks bo used as the public depos- ' rics, with liberty to regard all surisses from day to day as so much added ^ their active capital, prices are exposed Q constant fluctuations, and industry to J 'ere suffering. In the one case, politiI considerations, directed to party purses, may control, while excessive ^ pidity may prevail in the other The blic is thus constantly liable to impo- ? ion. Expansions and contractions iy follow each other in rapid succession V s one engendering a reckless spirit of, P venture and speculation, which embra- ^ s States as well as individuals: the o icr causing a fall in prices, and accom- ^ shing an entire: change in the aspect ^ affairs. Stocks of all kinds rapidly j . cline?individuals are ruined, and j ites embarrassed even in their efforts i ? meet with punctuality the interest on | lir debts. Such, unhappily, is the te of things now existing in the UniI States. These effects may readily ^ traced to the causes above referred to. i 1 pi ie public revenues, on being removed K m the then Bank of the United States ?! CI rler an order of a late President, were ced in selected State banks, which, j uated by the double motive of concili- g ng the Government and augmenting ^ sir profits to the greatest possible ex- t| it, enlarged extravagantly the'r dis- tc jnts, thus enabling all other existing'. n< iks lo do the same. Large dividends ui re declared, which stimulating the cu- ai ity of capitalists, caused a rush to be fi< de to the Legislatures of the respec- r b States for similar acts of incorpora- Ct n, which, by many of the States under n< temporary infatuation, were readily al mted, and thus the augmentation of se ? rirr.ulatinff medium, consisting almost p , 0 -- t0 dusively of paper produced a most fatal usion. An illustration, derived from ar land sales of the period alluded to, ^ I serve best to show the effect of the y< ole system. The averagd" sales of the hs )lic lands for a period of ten years w! or to 1834, had not much exceeded be ,000,000 per annum. In 1834 they m ained, in round numbers, to the amount $6,000,000. In the succeeding year, ar 1835, they reached 816,000. And the w' ct year, of 1836, they amounted to the a? irmous sum of 825,000,000. Thus 1 Stt wding into the short space of three ^ irs . upwards of twenty-three years' chase of the public domain. So appat had become the necessity of arresting j this course of things, that the Executive Department assumed the highly question, able power of discriminating in the fiipds to be used in payment by different classes of public debtors?a discrimination which was doubtless designed to correct this most ruinous state of things by the exaction of specie in all payments for the public lands, but which could not at once arrest the tide which had so strongly set in. Hence the demands for specie became unceasing, and corresponding prostration rapidly ensued under the necessities created with the banks to curtail their discounts, and thereby to reduce their circulation. I recur to these things with no disposition to censure pre-existing administrations of the Government, but simply in exemplification of the truth of the position which 1 have assunped. If, then, any fiscal agent which may be created shall be placed, without due restrieoifkni* in Ko n/lo nf Hia Qflminicfrn. I liujl^f r'tliivi hi iiuii\io vi uiv uuiiuiii^bi vtors of the Government or those of. pri- ( vate individuals, the temptation to abuse j will prove to be resistfe.ss. Objects of po. , litical aggrandizement may seduce the first, and the promptings of a boundless cupidity will assail the last. Aided by the experience of the past, it will be the pleasure of Congress so to guard and fortify the public interests, in the creation of any new agent, as to place them, so far, as human wisdom can accomplish it, on i footing of perfect security. Within a few years past three different schemes tiave been before tire country. The char:er of the Bank of the United States ex)ired by its own limitations in 1836. An ifiort was made to renew it, which rejeived the sanction of the two Houses of Congress, but the then President of the [Jnited States exercised his veto power, md the measure was defeated. A regard o truth requires me to' say that the President was fully sustained in the course le had taken by, the popular voice. His tuccessor in the Chair of Statejinquali. iedly pronounced his. opposition to any lew charter of a similar institution; and lot only the popular election which | irought him into power, but the elections ;hrough much of his term, seemed clear, y to indicate a concurrence with him in lefitiment on the part of the People. After He public moneys were withdrawn from he United States Bank, tficy were pla. :nd in deposite with Slate banks, and the esult of that policy has been "before the :ounlry. To say nothing as to the quesion whetberf.that experiment was made inrlnr nrnmtirma (ir nJvprap I t may safely be asserted that it did re- r :eive the unqualified condemnation of; J nost of its early advocates, and it is beieved was also condemned by the popular entiment. Tiie existing sub-Treasury ystem does not seem to stand in higher c iivor with the People, but has recently g teen condemned in a manner too plainly ii ndicated to admit of a doubt. Thus, in r: he short period eight years, the popular; c oice may lie regarded as having succesively condemned each of the three 1 chemesof finance to which I have ad- * erted. As to the first; it was introduced f ,t a time (1816) when the State banks; * hen comparatively few in number, had C. >een forced to suspend specie payments iy reason of the war which prevailed with Jreat Britain. Whether if the United a kates Bank charter which expired in ( 811, had been renewed in due season, it ^ rould have been enabled to continue t pecie payments during the war and the i isastrous period to the commerce of the 1 'I cuntry which immediately succeeccd, is [ a a say the least, problematical; and j n whether the United States Bank of 1816 v reduced a restoration of specie payments ? r the same was accomplished through a he instrumentality of other means, was ? matter of some difficulty at that time to ; ^ cterinine. Certain it is that, for the I rst years of the operation of that Bank, I t| s course was as disastrous as for the! 0 reatcr part of its, subsequent career it j e ecame eminently successful. As to e. le second, the experiment was tried w rith a redundanr Treasury, which con- w nued to increase until it seemed to be d - * * . A. I le part of wisdom to distribute the Stir- 11 lus tevenue'among the States; which perating at the same time with the sj>e- a ie circulart and the causes before adver- Sl *d to, caused them to suspend specie psiyicnts, and involve the country in the '? reatest embarrassment. And, as to the lird, if carried through all the stages of ?' ie transmutation, from paper and specie *r > nothing but the precious metals, to say ~ othing of the insecurity of the public l!' lonevs, its injurious effects have been * nticipated by the country in its unquali- P1 ed condemnation. Wh?* is now to be J sgarded as the judgment of the Ameriin People on this whole subject, I have st 3 accurate means of determining but by ipealing to their more immediate reprentatives. The late contest, which ter- c* inated in the election of Gen. Harrison the Presidency, was decided on princi- n< es well known and openly declared} Pl id, while the sub-Treasury received, in te e result, the most decided condemnation, ;t no other scheme of finance seemed to 1 h ive been concured in. lo you, tnen ho have come more directly from the ?dy of our common constituents, I subit the entire question, as best qualified Vl give a full exposition of their wishes id opinions. I shall be ready to concur ' ith you in the adoption of such a system at you may propose, reserving to myself e* e ultimate power of rejecting any mea- tu re which may, in mv view of it. con- as ct with the Constitution or otherwise ai spard the prosperity of the country; a wer which I could not part with even if n would, but which I will not believe any P1 I > act of yours will call into requisition, I cannot avoid recurring, in connexion with this subject, to the necessity which M exists for adopting some suitable measure whereby the unlimited creation banks by the States may be corrected in future. Such are|sult can be most readily'achievi d by the consent of the States, to be ex; pressed in the form of a compact among themselves, which they can only enter into with the consent and approbation of this Government; a consent which might, in the present emergency of the public demands, justifiably be given in advance of any action by the States as an induce, ment to such action terms welt defined by the act of tender. Such a measure, addressing itself to the calm reflection of the States, would find in the experience of the past and the condition of tne pre* sent much to sustain it. And i! is greet* I v to be doubted whether any scheme of finance can prove for any length of time successful while the States shall continue in the unrestrained exercise of the power of creating banking corporations. Tbii power can only be limited by their ton* sent. With ndmf ion nf a financial a<ren. cy of a satisfactory character, tfn& hope may be indulged that the co untry may &nce more return to a state of prosperity. Measures auxiliary thereto, and, in some measures, inseparabljvronnepfed with its success, will doubtless claim the attentioo )f Congress. Among such, a distribu. tion of the proceeds of the' sales of the ^ public lands, provided sach distribution ioes. not force upon Congress the necessi* ty of imposing upon commerce heavier )urdens than those contemplated by the ict of 1833, would act as an efficient re. medial measures bv being brought directly n aid of the States. As one sincerely ievoted to the task of preserving a just lalance in our system of government, by 4 he maintenance of the States in a con. lition the most free and respectable, and n the full possession of all their power, [can no otherwise than feel desirous for heir emancipation from the situation to vhich the pressure on their finances now tubjects them.' And, while I mustrepu. liate as a measure founded in error, and vanting constitutional sanction, the sligh. est approach to an assumption by this Jovemment of the debts of the States, iret I can see, in the distribution adverted, o, much to recommend it. The com. )acts between the proprietor States and his Government expressly guarantesto the States all the benefits which may a. ise from the sales. The mode by which his is to be effected addresses itself to the liscretion of Congress as the trustee for he States; and4 its exercise, after the most beneficial manner, is restrained by lothing in thegrants or in the Constitu* ion so long as Congress shall consult thai * quality in the distribution which the compacts require. In the' present con* lit ion of some of the States, the question if distribution may be regarded at tub* tant?ally a question betweert direct and ndirect taxation. If the distribution be lot, made inaoine form or other, the no* essity:, will-daily. become more urgent vith the debt<* Stated for a resort to an ppressive system of. .direct taxatioti, or heir credit, and necessarily their power nd influence, will be greatly diminished* rhe payment of taxes after the most inonvenient and oppressive mode will be xacted in place of contributions for the nost part voluntarily made, and therefore omparatively unoppressive. The States re emphatically the constituents of this jovernment, a >d we should be entirely re[ardless of the objects held in vie# by hem in the c feat ion of this Government f we could be indifferent to their good, fhe happy effects of such a measure upon II the States would immediately be nani tested. With the debtor States it vould effect the relief, to a great extent, f the citizens from a heavy burden of irect taxation which presses with severity n the laboring classes, and eminently ssist in restoring the general prosperity, in immediate advance would take place i the price of the. States securities, and le altitude of the States would become uce more, as it should ever be, lofty and rect. With States laboring under no xtreme pressure from debt, the fund hich they would derive from this source ould enable them to improve their con Itrwn in an aminrtnl rlrrrroo fin fmw mm IHWII ill Ull VUIIIIVIU O v t mi lis Government is concerned, appropriaons to domestic objects, approaching in mount the revenue derived from the land lies, might be abandoned, and thus a astern of unequal and therefore unjust tgislation would bo substituted by one ispensing equality to all the members A" f this .Confederacy. Whether such dis- ; ibution should be made directly to the ' tatcs in the proceeds of the sales, or in ie form of profits by virtue oftheopent* ' on of any fiscal agency having those -oceeds as its basis, should such measures ; contemplated by Congress, would well iservd its consideration. Nor would ich disposition of the proceeds of the iles in any manner prevent Congress om time to time from passing all ne issary pre-emption laws for the benefit ' actual settlers, or from making liny ;w arrangement as to the price of the lblic lands which might in future be e* eroed d sirable. I beg leave particularly to call your at. ntion to the accompanying report from * e Secretary of War. Besides the proof state of the war which has so long Ricted the Territory of Florida, and the irious other matters of interest therein fend to, you will learn from it that the scretary has instituted an inquiry into >uses, which promises to develop gTOM lormities in connexion with Indian tret 3s which have been negotiated, ar weH >v i in the expenditures for the rentorfcl id subsistence of the Indians. He rfep* '' sents, also, other irregularities of a seous nature that have grown up in the" " actice of the Indian Deg?rtinenii wtuctT