University of South Carolina Libraries
. (tmm&w mmmwrn* VLUUETI ' ' ChUaW.SOUI-HXAHOI.'INI'W^DNESD.VY, JUNK 9, 1841. NPMBKR30. ^ By M. MAC LEA\, i Tckms :?Published weekly at three dollars a year; with an addition, when not paid within three months, of twenty per cent per annum. 1 Two new subscribers may take the paper at fire dollars in advance; and ten at twenty. Four subscribers, not receiving their papers in town, may pay a year's subscription with ton dollars, in advance. I A year's subscription always dne in advance. ( Papers not discontinued to solvent subscribers in arrears. ' Advertisements not exceeding 16 lines inserted 1 or one dollar tne iir*t ti.no, and fifty cents each ubsequont tiro*. For insertions at intervals of two weeks 75 cents after the first, and a dollar 1 if the intervals are longer. Payment due in 1 advance for advertisements. When the number | of insertions is not marked on the copy, the j ( advertisement will be inserted, and charged til t rdered out. ' IT The postage must be paid on letters to the ' editor on the busines* of tho office. ? For the Farmers' Gazette. The following decision, made by Judge r * Earle, at the Spring session of the Court of Common Pleas held for Marlborough District, will, doubtless, interest most of your readers, and it is therefore sent to you for publication, if you think proper to give it a place in your paper. The State, vs. i George Bristow, > Sheriff. ) ' A motion was made before Judge Earle, for a rule against the defendant, to show cause why a Quo Warranto should not be issued against him, for illegally hold, ing and exercising, the office of Sheriff of Marlborough District. The suggestion set forth the following grounds, upon ~.U;-U rk. irvn uma irina.ii uir iijwin/ii rw oo no^u* 1st That two of the managers, who assumed to act as such, were notstcom, as required by law. 2nd. That the votes were counted on Monday* instead of the Wednesday, succeeding the election. 3d. That /too thirds of the managers ' were not present as a Court, to hear and 1 ( determine the grounds of contest, as required by the A. A. 1839. ! The relators motion was granted, and . on the coming in of the respondent's ' answer, the following opinion was delived by the Court, which contains all the facts necessary to be stated, for a proper j understanding of the case. Earlr J. ' On the return of the rule, and the com- j ing in of the respondent's answer, the erounds of obiection to the validity of , the election, seem to be, 1st That a portion of the managers who conducted the election, and sat upon the trial of the contest, were not sworn: 2nd That the managers counted the votes and declared the election, on a day different from that prescribed in the Act of 1839, viz. on the Monday after the election, instead of the Wednesday after; 3d That the managers who composed the Court to try the contest, and who determined the question, did not constitute a majority of the whole number of managers in the District; therefore the Court was not legally con- ^ stifuted, had no jurisdiction, and their ^ decision is a nullity. 1st. On the first ground, the facts ^ admitted are, that J. W. B. a manager at B niton's Fork, and C. B. a manager at Brownsville, were not sworn. At Bru. ton's Fork, the other two managers, who were qualified, held the election and sat upon the trial. At Brownsville, C. B. w as the only manager who attended, one of the others being absent from the District, and the other having removed to a distant part of it. C. B. was net sworn, but opened and held the polls. There were fifty votes taken there, and the whole majority in favour of the respondent was eighty one \ so that, in fact if; the whole number of votes taken at ' I) Ilrt U'?.n fpArn fVlA PA I # fil Un JlOV IllVf Vf^l^ UVUHVIVU 11^/111 HIV, IV t epoodent's aggregate, as having been given against him, or as being illegal votes, yet he had a majority of thirty one votes. , I think if the polls had not been opened . there at all, as might have |happened in case of the death, or illness, or removal of . the managers, or any other casualty that ^ would prevent their attendance, that the ^ election would no% thereby, be rendered invalid. The presumption would be, that the persons qualified to vote there, would J have gone elsewhere to vote. But when , the whole number given there, are nctu. ally counted, and set down against the | successful candidate, there is no good reason to impeach the election, for it is obvious that the result could not have { been otherwise. But this ground was ] properly made before the Court of managers. It was an irregularity, which it was within their province to consider, | and decide. They have decided upon , the effect of it, and if the Court was prop, j cly constituted, their decision is final. | To review it here, would be to listen to an appeal from their judgment, whilst the ( Act declares it to be conclusive. | 2nd. The second objection is insufficient to overturn the election. The Act, j or rather the provision of the Act, ap- , pointing the day on which the votes are to be counted, is merely directory. It ia no essential part of the election , 1 itself; and it would be very mischevious t so to consider it. In that event, collu. i sion among the managers might always < defeat an election, which was likely to i turn out against their wishes. Many { accidents which are of frequent occur. \ rence, might produce the same result, if | such as to prevent the managers meeting I on the day appointed. Here they were 1 governed by the printed Act, which pre. f tho no*# Mnnrlnv ns the dnv! and f CM .H/V.O j . 7 shall a mistake of the printer, or the en. < grossing Clerk, have the effect of defeit. I ing an election clearly in favour of the I respondent? The result in no way, or i degree, depends upon the day of counting 1 out, as the Court cannot change the 1 votes?a day subsequent is properly fixed I for the Court, in order to enable the un. < successful candidute to ascertain and pre- < pare his grounds of contest; and the i managers would not be permitted to i count on an earlier day, if it would have I the effect, of preventing the party con. testing from being heard. But when j the day of the count is subsequent, ari- t sing wholly from mistake or from acci. i dent, the only effect is, to give the par. i ties more time to prepare for the trial. I i have fully considered this point before, in i a case of Holman, Tax Col ector of St. < Matthews, which I heard last December; 1 and I am very clear, that it is no ground I of objection to the validity of the elec. ] tion. . i 3d. The third ground relates to the i formation of the Court, and presents a < question of more difficulty, which does < involve the validity of the judgment pro. i nounced by the managers in favour of < 1M ftifinn rvf llrti i/ill Kn hoc I UJU icopuuucill^ III IIIIU^ VI TTV1IVII) nv IIUO I obtained nis commission, and now exer- < cises the office. That portion of the Act which prescribes the mode of trial, con. ] tains this proviso?"provided, that the < presence of at least two thirds of the I managers, shall be necessary to try the question, and the voje of a majority present, shall be requisite to determine it." There were twenty one managers for the District, of Marlborough, appointed by the resolution of 1839. The ebction ivas advertized before the December ses. lion of 1840; and came on the 2nd * Monday in January 1841. Of those ( ippointcd in December 1819, one was 1 lead, whose place was supplied by reso- ' ution in December 1840, but who prob- * ibly received no notice of his appointment j >efore the election. Two others were 1 >ut of the District, but had not perma- 1 icntly removed eighteen managers in 1 :he District. Fourteen of the managers ( including C. B. opened and held the polls : '< ind thirteen managers, including both * C. B. and J. W. B. attended the Court, ' mdsat on the trial of the contest. The I ground of objection is, that the Act re- ( quires two thirds of the whole number ot managers appointed for the District, to ^ try the contest. On mature and delib- * rate consideration, I am of a different 5 opinion. The act requires that notice 1 !>e given "to the several sets of managers * to attend at their respective polls on the ' Jay appointed, who shall attend &c." * ft is well settled, that it does not require f :he whole numbei to attend, and hold the 1 K)lls. Two out of the three, at each 1 jlacc would surely be enough. "The f managers shall meet at the Court House ; c )f their District, on the Wednesday after E :he votes are received, and on the same s lay, count out the same, declare the elec- * :ion due. What managers shall meet? * rhose, I apprehend, who held the election: 1 md if there is no contest, of course their certificate would be enough; nor is it a necessary, that all of those who held the |1 ileetion, should be present at the * ;ount. I apprehend a majority would be e jnough, where there is no contest. Ii s *ny one desires to contest, he shall give t notice in writing of his grounds, to the t managers, on the day of the count. To 1 what managers, shall he give notice ?? i rhose again, who held the election, and 1 who are assembled to count the votes, t rhe proviso then declares, that two 1 thirds of the members shall be necessary t :o try the question. Again it may be < isked, twe thirds of what managers ? j i \nd the rational and obvious answer is, | s two thirds of those who held the election, c [t seems to me very clear, that a manager f who had not been qualified, and who 1 lad not actually aided in holding the dection, would not be competent to sit * snthe trial of the contest; and the con- t jtruction contended for, would make i* c necessary always, that two thirds of the t whole number should hold the election ; s iad that every individual of them should i he present at the count, and the trial; I which in nine cases out of ten, would lie i;i-i- i- J i* i .i i . > i . iiKeiy 10 ueieai me election. Ana tnis is a consideration of some weight, con. c sidering the great number of popular r elections for District Officers, and the multitude of managers in many of the f Districts. Of the eighteen managers r lef,after excluding the two who were ibsent from the District, and the one re. ^ cently appointed, who are to he consid-! t jred as having refused to serve, there i were at laast three others, J. W. B. and; c C. B. and hewhohud re moved from the neighbornood of his poll, who did not qualify. In fact, it wai admitted, that [he election was held by fourteen mana. ^crs only, including C. B. of whom thirteen were properly qualified; of these twelve attended the count, and sat on the trial, exclusive of C, B. and J. W. B.? finder the former A cts, I think it is well jettled, that a majority might hold the dection, and a majority might hear and ietermine the contest. State vs Defies:ine, State vs Hoggins. The act of 1839, las made no change as to the number of nanagers, which shall be necessary to nold the election. The same rule prevails now, that did then ; and I am satis, fied that in requiring two thircs to try the contest, the Legislature meant two thirds cf those who were qualified, and held the election. All the reasoning of the Court, in Iluggin's case, applies with aqual force, to sustain this conclusion. lean perceive nothing in any of the grounds, to authorize ne to disturb this election, by making the rule absolute for * Quo Warranto. Even if the Court was riot legally constituted, yet the election may have been regular, legal and valid; ind it might have become necessary to compel the managers, by mandamus, to form themselves into a legal court, to bear and determine the question. But [do not perceive that judgment of ouster could be awarded, until it be shown that the election was void. Iam of opinion cn the case made, that the respondent was July elected, that the election was legally iscertained and declared, and that the court was lawfully constituted. The mo. tion on behalf of the relator, for the writ cf Quo Warranto, is refused. And it id considered by the court now here, that the rule to shew cause he discharged, and that the respondent do go (hereof without day. ON DEEP FIRING. By Mr. John Scott, F. S., Sildaret Ireland. Being determined to test the truth of :he assertion, that deep firing would pro luce destructive slougung, and even leath, and relying on the faithfulness of Mr. Turner's report of the operation, I ired a three-year old black colt for a large splert, situated close to the knee, on the nside, and causing great lameness. I nade three longitudinal incisions with he iron, at as near to a white heat as I lould obtain it, quite through the skin, ind extending the whoie length of the umor?the middle or central incision peing the deepest, and penetrating to the periosteum, which I divided from end to ind over the enlargement The operation was performed on the 18th of October 1838, the horse having >een previously prepared by reducing his system to comparative weakness?his teep for four or five days consisting of iran mashes and water supplied sparingly. [ applied cold water to the wounds for wentv.four hours without ceasing ; and pccasiopally until the fourth day when its ise was discontinued. The tiorse was | - - 11 1 A I eturned to nis. owner in a momn, aimosi reed from lameness; and in the courso >f the following spring was put to posting it which work he continues. I have een him repeatedly pulling (for such is lis temper) heavy carriages over our Macadamized roads without any apparent ^convenience from his fired leg. Case II.?On the 3d of January, 1839, in eigh-year old bay horse was brought o me very lame on the near foreleg, from iroken down sinews, and perhaps diseas. id fetlock joint. The branches of the i^pensory ligament were hard and hickened. I lowered the horse as in he former case, and fired him through he skin with a red hot iron, making four vounds, each seven inches in length?in Vnnt. in thp roar /if. and on each aide of he fetlock jointi I took four quarts of )loodfrorn the jugular vei:i. and immediitely commenced a fomentation with :old water, which was continued without nterruption for three clays. On the tocond night two quarts of blood were Irawn from the plate vein. On the 'ourth day suppuration commenced and then allowed my patient some hay. The widest and deepest parts of the rounds measured as follows:?in front, hree inches wide, one incli deep; on the >utsid<\ one inch wide, one inch deep, at he back two inches and a half wide, but carcely more than skin deep; on the nside the wound did not separate widey The symptoms on the 6th day were :opious suppuration, weak cough, sloughy :ftluvia from the wounds. I gave a dinetic hall, some hay, and bran mashes. On the 7th day there was dulness, and atigue from standing. I allowed bran nashes and hay. 8th day.?I increased h:? keep. He ras observed to rest the fireci leg in order o keep it relaxed, and only I o stand upon t when the other fore leg was tired. The ;ircumfcrence of the^nfUmcd leg, at tbe thickest part of it, was sixteen inches; that of the sound one at the same part, namely, opposite the sessamoid bgrnes, ten inches. 9th. day.?the fired leg was painful. It was often lifted, and held in the air? the pulse quickened?the faeces in small quantity?the tips of tho cars cold and moist, with a discharge of a gelatinous nature from the wounds. By the a list racof one quart of blood from the jugula* vein the action of heart became slower and slower and weaker. I gave him a purging ball, and a mild diuretic at night, and fed^bim on mash ex only. 10th day.?The horse is easy?the pulse quiet?the leg not painful?the diuretic acting?no sign of purging?the i / .i- - - - ? ' tencion 01 ne extensor pedis rmro?the fired leg kept in a less relaxed position. > 11th day. The horse has purged? fifty hours since the administration oftho aloes. The leg straight, but not much leaned upon. Allowed hay, which he ate with uvidity, but refused mashes. On the loth day, a slough of the extensor pedis five inches long, and thin, sep. rated and was removed. 16th day. Allowed as much hay as he would eat, arid bran mashes?faeces too dry and hot?pus from the wounds thin, ner and more lympoid?limb fomented with warm water, with evident benefit. 18th day. The horse ^walked firmly upon the fired' leg; white curd-like discharge from the nostrils, and cough. Allowed one feed of oats daily. 21st day. Condition improved. I fired him lightly for curb, and applied a blister. ; 22d day. Repeated the hlister. , 24th day. The horse labors under in. flammation, and there are symptoms of colic. Bled to three quarts, gave four ouncos of oil of turpentine, and one ounce of aloes in a ball, and repeated the does of turpentine. It relieved him; but in about four hours the symptoms returned, and it was only by the administration of half a pint of turpentine and half an ounce of opium that relief was obtained. The horse was purged, and hot applica. tions to the loins and abdomen were used during the affair with advantage. Tl " . ' ix- P it ? ii is unnecessary 10 emer lanner mio the particulars of this case: let it suffice to say, that about the 1st of March he was sent to his owner, who soon after put him to farm work. In the beginning of May four months after the operation, I saw him. I had him taken from the harrow, and trotted. His lameness was not con. siderable, and his condition was improved. He was used as a post horse ; but died of colic in the summer of the same year on his return from one of his stages. In six other cases, and three of them of the hock, I fired through the skin, and found that, aft^r the application of cold water, as described, four or five days, an ointment composed of Venice turpentine, spermaceti ointment, camphor, lard, and oil of origanum, would soften the skin, and promote suppuration and healthy granulations. Wherever fungus appear, ed, I applied muriate of antimony, or nitrate of silver. I have not had suffi. cient experience of the effects of the operation as a means of cure to be able to offer it to the profession with the confidence 1 rest assured Mr. Turner is justified in ; and should these lines, as un> doubtedly they will, meet his eye, 1 would take the opportunity of thanking him for the many benefits I have derived from his valuable contributions to your Journal. In the hope of seeing many successful ca,ses of deep firing related in the pages of "The Veterinarian," I remain, &c. j The Veterinarian. From the American Farmer. essay on the best means of restoring detioraeed lands, caused by i provident cultivation. 1 [We have published two essays on this i subject, which received the prizes offered < for the best thereon. We haveconclud- I ed that it is due to the writers of other ; essays than those to which the prizes were awarded, as well as to our reader?, to l publish the annexed and two others on i file, as experiments and systems adapted i to some portions of our country, are not I applicable to others. Those which will i follow the annexed, are from gentlemen | iD North Carolina and Georgia, the first i of these an old and highly esteemed friend i and correspondent.?They will shcrtly i appear.] Middletown. Frederick County, ) i March 11th, 1840. J < fit* t n * k/, im^a Miimknao r\ c f k A 1 tfjlr uuwm?iu uit: line uuiiiuuioui iii^ American Farmer, you offered very valu. I able premiums for the best essays on i several subjects, connected with the lm- < provemenls of agriculture, &c. I cannot, i sir, proceed without complimenting you 1 upon the selection of valuable premiums j with which you propose to reward the 1 successful competitors. I have long < thought, that, if instead of money, the I Agricultural Societies wouL 3ffer Agri- i cultural books, Stock, Improved Imple- < ments, or fine varieties of fruit trees, their < object in giving the premiums, and the i interests of Agriculture generally would 11 be more promoted. There are many per. * sons (competitors for prizes) who.are eith- p cr unwilling or unable to purchase valua- c ble books, stock, Arc., that would exert themselves to obtain them, wete they of. ) fered ** premiums. Considering the old s editions of the American Farmer to con- r tain mo*e valuable information on the 1 subject of ag/iculture than any Work e*. ? taut, I have long been desirous of obtain. * ing it: but my limited means forbade the a hope of ever doing it. Seeing that you p offer it, and the volumes of the Farmer ) and Gardener, for the hest essay on the a improvement of such sails as hav# been i deteriorated by improvident cultivation, ? suited to the states of Virguia, Maryland, s and the Caroiinas, I offer myself as a con t didatc. You have indeed presented an > arnple.field for commenting on. A per & son in looking over the exhausted tracts a oflind contained in those States, will be f forcibly reminded of an anerHnte of an i Ex*Gover?or of Maryland, who is an ex- t celled fnnner. Being upon a Jury valu- t ing the land which the Washington c Branch of the Baltimore and Ohio Rail 1 Road was about passing through, and be- > inginoncof the poorest iract^ that very i poor country, he turned to some of the 1 farm rs who were present, and observed, t ?" Gentlemen, your forefathers appear f to have taken the creain off your soil, 1 and left you the skim milk. But I haz- f ard the bold assertion, that there is not a ' single acre of this land, but what can be c improved so as to be worth an interest of ? $200 per acre annually." The Farmers ? who are settled upon these tracts will ) doubtless look incredulous, and ask, how t can this be done ? I answer briefly, by i saying, good cultivation : in this is em- ; braced, manuring, draining, and a proper i rotation of crops. I will begin with the 1 first of these items, and make such re- < marks as reason and experience will justi- < fy- . " Manuring.?There are few, if any j districts in those States, but what possess < resources in themselves that may be ap- < plied to the improvement of.the soil; for instance, lime and marl exist in abund- ' a nee; but these, particularly the former, i act as stimulants, and there is more need 'i of animal and vegetable manure to supply those properties which bad management has exhausted. Doubtless every farmer \ knows that animal manure will improve the soil, but will ask how it can be obtain- < ed in sufficient quantities. This I will i tjy to answer directly. In the interim, l_l .1 e it -i - ..... iei idem roiio.v ine injunction 01 tnai ex- | cellent farmer, Wiliiam West: if you cannot make ten acres good, make five; if not five, make one?at any rate, whatever you do, let it be done well. This I well know will be a slow way of imprpv. ing large farms ; but let those parts of it, that you cannot manure in this way, be improved by ploughing in green crops.? Clover, oats, Indian corn, and buckwheat, are the principal crops that arc used for this purpose. Of these clover ranks first; but there is much land too poor to bring it in sufficient quantities to do any good. Such lands should be ploughed as early as possible in the spring, and sown with oats, at the rate of two and a half bushels to the^acre ; when the straw is turning towards maturity, they should be turned in with a chain prefixed before the share of the plough, and another crop of oats, or buckwheat, turned in before frost. If the ground be very poor, this process ought to be repeated another season, or Indian corn may be turned in, and lime spread at the rate of 50 bushels to the s acre, if shell, or 25, if stone lime. I think li this quantity is best for land that has never j< been limed, but the application must be p repeated in three or.four years; at any I time, 50 bushels is quite sufficient for ten year. After ploughing in the last crop of r rrrppn manure, and aonlvinxr lime, vnu a P'vv" ....... ) rrrv d " / ? mav sow wheat, or oats and clover r i i th? pring. I *.hink the oats best, for f the green crop is apt to make land too I spongy and light rendering it more liable ti to be thrown out by the frosts. If the r farmer thinks he ought to have more from ii the land to repay him for his labor and f; rxperse, he can put it in corn, and then tl in grain clover.?Those who live in pine districts, car add much to the fertility of a the soil, by cutting small branches of the p Treen pine, and ploughing them in, or c ;vhat is better, putting them thick upon ? the suriace ofthe land, and letting themre- d main two years, or until the leaves fall, and fi then plough them in. Cedar will answer, b but not as well. As a general rule, shad- b ing land is always beneficial. The cow si is also used, but I am not much ac- I fs rjuainted with it. Before proceeding fur. I u thor, I wiil state the best means ofmak- w ing and applying manure. There are oi few farmers conscious of the quantity of vi manure that may he made with a little oi extra attention. 1st. Make your barn- ei yard upon level ground if possible; the p< bottom of stiff compact soil, if not natur. tt ally so, it should be made so : let it be cor- If 1 - *' fkmlr mitK ami aiis.lt fii LJIL'U dIA IIIUIIC9 iinui\ nun g,vwi ovii) guvu as contains grnss roots, and other vegeta- th ile matter, is the beat?that from swampy C ground, is very good. Let leaves be th lauled and spread over?feed your cattle is >n this from November until May, if you fa iave food sufficient. In goo$ land there br is always a quantity of rag weed which of rornes up after wheat and rye. This, if hi ;ut when green, and hauled to the yard of villmakea large quantity of excellent fo nanure by the ensuing spring. All weeds lc hould be cut before going to teed, and >ut in the yard to rot ; let your yard be loncaveaoasto prerent the liquid from reaping. In case of much rain, and the rard becoming flooded, more lea res or traw should he added, and some good nould occasionally. AH hog-pens should lave a yard proportionate to the number if hogs. Let this be well supplied with veeds, leaves, potato toHkjKfiRf* and with i few loads of soil; you htfgjii yon think iroper, add the long atrftly manure from rour horse stable. To make hogs root, catter & little corn over the yard oq*sonally. This will be the best mature* nadeuponyour farm. Those who .k^ep heep, can make a great deal of manure >y simply making a pen in their pasture, inder a tree where they resort for shade; tcep the bottom covered with leaves or traw ; when tho pen gets foul, scatter a ew loads of soil over it, to keep it sweet 'our sheep will resort to it in warm wether five or six hours during the beat of he day, and when the weather becomes ooler, you can drive them in at night.? rhe pen may be made in the fashion of vorm fences. This will add to vour ma. iure heap considerably, without much la. >or or expense. Sheep manure is one of he best, but it is generally lost to those armors who let their sheep run out. [lore is also another plan, which the most >f farmers neglect, viz: Difc a hole in tome place convenient to. but out of sight >f the house ; let this be filled with the ubbish, old grass, dust, dec. that is con* itantlv collecting about your out-houses, r&rd and garden, the manure of fowls, icrapings of the wood-yard, dec.: to these nay be added the hair that is scraped from pour hogs in killing, which is an excellent manure.?When you have your hole filled, pour on all your old soap suds, dirty water, chamber-ley, dtc. 1 By this means a large quantity of excellent compost can be pro. cured, which apply to your grain and grass. If lime can be obtained, a fine comDost mav be made as follow* Collect dirt from your ditches, road-sides, baulks made in ploughing, and in fact any thing that contains vegetable matter?make this into a flat/heap, and add lime, fresh from the kiln, in the proportion of 25 bushels to 100 loads of soil. To the above may be added all kinds of weeds. This will be found as effective as stable manure. Application.?There are many different epinions as to the state In which manure should be applied?whether in a fermen. ted or unfermented state ; ploughed in or put upon the surface. 1 will briefly state my own experience: All calcareous lubstances have a tendency to sink; therefore they should be applied on, as iear the top of the soil as possible. I ivill remark, that lime should never be ap>lied to a soil destitute of vegetable mat? v er, except in form of compost with earth; t may be applied as ameliorator of the toil; in this case it should be applied hree or four years before ploughing. If he soil is stiff*. I would apply it an unfernented state, ploughed uoder for corn or potatoes; to be ploughed to the surface as loon as the crop is taken off. This raelh* >d will afford the soil an opportunity of I ? 13 A.I -1 il - i* muiDing an ine gaa. ai uie same nine presenting the liquid from sinkingr If the ground be light and aandy, the manure ihould be applied to the aoil in & state &Hed much, or about three-fourths fernented ; without the sub-soil is very corntact, the liquid will sink and the effects vill last but a short time. If the manure 9 left in the yard whilst fermenting, it hould be covered with soil. I have pertaps taken up too much time on the subect of manure, but as it is the most im? tortant to the farmer of poor soils, I hope shall be excused. * Deep Ploughing.?This is absolutely lecessary to make farming profitable for ny length of time, h? w; verricb the ground nay be ; plants can never arrive at perection unless the soil is deep and loose? do not mean that the ground should he rench ploughed at once, (as some writers ecommend.) as that wouldput back the roprovemeot many years; but let the inner increase the depth of the soil, as fie means of Improvement increase. Draining.?I do not mean to enter into full description of this indispensable rocess, but shall make a few remarks to onvince those who have net soil,, and rish to improve it, of the necessity of raining. There is much land on many irms, which, if well drained, would doule their original vaiue. No manure will e found to act very effectively, if the soil or ib'Soil contains too much water. Many irmers think draining necessary only pon swampy or marsh land, where the r.ter is apparent; bu* there are many ther soils which it would benefit much, iz: a persimmon soil. The latter part f Jul} and the month of August is gen ally the most suitable lime tor me pur. :>se, both as it regards leisure time and te ground being in a suitable condition. ' the ground is so level that you cannot nd the lowest part to conduct your drain irough, a Surveyor ought to be employed, overed drains are generally the best, -?h -A ?m/kil avnanoiffa lOUgli av lliOl IIIU ^AJA>UOITVt wiuitu the best for the purposes of the common rmor; where it cannot be obtained, ush. Draining Hie is better than either 'these, but it is more expensive,and# trder to be obtained. A full descriplioa' the best modes of draining, can bo and in the American Farmer, Cultiftr, or any other agricultural periodical. '