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3?*tutt &. cU|Wlt, ft 1 Mm' <SMMBMW ilBWmmWMMlS* VOLUME VI CHERAW. SOUTH-CAROLINA, WEDNESDAY, JUNE 9. 1841. NUMBER 30. By M. MAC LEAX. Tums:?Published weekly at three dollar* a year; with an addition, when not paid within three months, of twenty per cent per annum. Two new subscribers may take the paper at fire dollars in advance; and ten at twenty. Four subscribers, not receiving their papers in town, may pay a year's subscription with ten dollars, in advance. A year's subscription always dne in advance. Papers not discontinued to solvent subscribers in arrears. Advertisements not exceeding 16 lines inserted ; or one dollar tne iir<t ti ne, and fifty cents each ttbsequont tin**. For insertions at intervals of two weeks 75c*nts after the first, and a dollar if the intervals are longer. Payment due in advance for advertisements. When the number of insertions is not tn .irked on the copy, the advertisement will be inserted, and charged til irdored out. IT* The postage mnst be paid on tellers 10 me i editor on the business of the office. ? j "* ' ' W1 ' ' """ *" < For the Farmers' GHzette. The following decision, made hy Judge ^ > Earle, at the Spring session of the Court |1 of Common Pleas held for Marlborough ' District, will, doubtless, interest most of your readers, and it is therefore sent to you for publication, if you think proper to give it a place in your paper. The State, vs. i George Brig tow, > * Sheriff. ) 1 A motion was made before Judge Earle, for a rule against the defendant, to show cause why a Quo Warranto should not be issued against him, for illegally hold' ing and exercising, the office of Sheriff of Marl borough District. The suggestion set forth the following grounds, upon which the motion was based. 1st That two of the managers, who amumed to act as such, were not stcorn, as required hy law. 2nd. That the votes were counted on ' Monday* instead of the Wednesday, succeeding the election. 3d. That two thirds of the managers ' were not present as a Court, to hear and determine the grounds of contest, as re- * quired by the A. A. 1839. ! The relator's motion was granted, and on the coming in of the respondent's answer, the following opinion was delived by the Court, which contains all the facts necessary to be stated, for a proper , understanding of the case. f ( UARiib VI On the return of the rule, end the com- ! ing in of the respondent's answer, the grcftindt of objection to the validity of J tike election, seem to be^ 1st That a portion of the managers who conducted the election, and sat upon the trial of the contest, were not sworn: 2nd That the . managers counted the votes and declared the election, on a day different from that prescribed in the Act of 1839, viz. on the Monday after the election, instead of the Wednesday after; 3d That the managers ' 4 who composed the Court to try the con"! test, and who determined the question, did not constitute a majority of the whole number of managers in the District; ? - i ?t ' therefore the Court was not legally con. ^ stituted, had no jurisdiction, and their ( decision is a nullity. 1st. On the first ground, the facts j admitted are, that J. W. B. a manager at Bruton's Fork, and C. B. a manager at Brownsville, were not sworn. At Bru. ' ton's Fork, the other two managers, who ' were qualified, held the election and sat upon the trial. At Brownsville, C. B. ( was the only manager who attended, one of the others being absent from the District, and the other having removed to a , distant part of it. C. B. was net sworn, but opened and held the polls. There were fifty votes taken there, and the whole majority in favour of the respond, ent was eighty one ) so that, in fact if j the whole number of votes taken at ' Brownsville, were deducted from the respondent's aggregate, as having been giv- ' en against him, or as being illegal votes, ! yet he had a majority of thirty one votes, j, I think if the polls had not been opened \. there at all, as might have |happened in case of the death, or illness, or removal of < the managers, or any other casualty that ] would prevent their attendance, that the ( election would not, thereby, be rendered invalid. The presumption would be, that the persons qualified to vote there, would ' have gone elsewhere to vote. But when the whole number given there, are actu. , ally counted, and set down against the | successful candidate, there is no good ( reason to impeach the election, for it is ( obvious that the result could not have f ^ been otherwise. But this ground was ] properly made before the Court of man. , agers. It was an irregularity, which it { was within their province to consider, | and decide. They have decided upon , the effect of it, and if the Court was prop, erly constituted, their decision is final. , To review it here, would be to listen to , an appeal from their judgment, whilst the Act declares it to he conclusive. | 2nd. The second objection is insuffi. cient to overturn the election. The Act, j or rather the provision of the Act, ap. pointing the day on which the votes ( are to be counted, is merely directory. It ia no essential part of the election I i itself; and it would be very mischevious C so to consider it. In that event, collu- n sion among the managers might always q defeat an election, which was likely to tl turn out against their wishes. Many g accidents which are of frequent occur, tl rence, might produce the same result, it ti such as to prevent the managers meeting tr [>n the day appointed. Here they were L governed by the printed Act, which pre. s< jrnbes the next Monday as the day; and e! shall a mistake of the printer, or the en. d grossing Clerk, have the effect of defe ?t- ti ing an election clearly in favour of the h respondent? The result in no way, or rr degree, depends upon the day of counting h >ut, as the Court cannot change the v rotes?a day subsequent is properly fixed fi for the Court, in order to enable the un. c successful candidate to ascertain and pre. o pare his grounds of contest; and the e managers would not be permitted to ii count on an earlier day, if it would have f< the effect, of preventing the party con. testing from being heard. But when g the day of the count is subsequent, ari- e iing wholly from 'mistake or from acci- a dent, the only effect is, to give the par. n ties more time to prepare for the trial. I n have fully considered this point before, in a a case of Holman, Tax Col ector of St. c Matthews, which I heard last December; f< and I am very clear, that it is no ground h of objection to the validity of the elec. I tion. . c 3d. The third ground relates to the tl formation of the Court, and presents a o question of more difficulty, which does d involve the validity of the judgment pro. a nounced by the managers in favour of c the respondent, in virtue of which, he has ti obtained nis commission, and now cxer. o cises the office. That portion of the Act which prescribes the mode of trial, con- h lains this proviso?"provided, that the c presence of at least two thirds of the t! managers, shall be necessary to try the i question, and the voje of a majority present, shall be requisite to determine it." There were twenty one managers for the District, of Marlborough, appointed by Ihe resolution of 1889. The election was advertized before the December ses. don of 1840; and came on the 2nd Monday in January 1841. Of those d ippointed in December 1889, one was d lead, whose place was supplied by reso- & uiionm December 1840, but who prob- ^ ably received no notice of his appointment f Jefore the election. Two others were 11 >ut of the District, but had not perma- n nently removed eighteen managers in the District. Fourteen of the managers c including C. B. opened and held the polls a ind thirteen managers, including both ]11 C. B. and J. W. B. attended the Court, b and sat on the trial of the contest. The P ground of objection is, that the Act re- e. quires two thirds of the whole number of managers appointed for the District, to * try the contest. On mature and delib- b erate consideration, I am of a different F, opinion. The act requires that notice b be given "to the several sets of managers b to attend at their respective polls on the I Jay appointed, who shall attend &c." ft is well settled, that it does not require ? tha whole numbct to attend, and hold the u X)lls. Two out of the three, at each n place would surely he enough. "The managers shall meet at the Court House 0 )f their District, on the .Wednesday after a the votes are received,"and on the same S( Jay, count out the same, declare the elec- b lion dtc. What managers shall meet? b rhose, I apprehend, who held the election: 11 ind if there is no contest, of course their sertificate would be enough; nor is it a accessary, that all of those who held the Section, should be present at the | b :ount. I apprehend a majority would be | e enough, where there is no contest. It | si iiny one desires to contest, he shall give tl notice in writing of his grounds, to the tl managers, on the day of the count. To tl what managers, shall he give notice ?? M rhose again, who held the election, and fi who are assembled to count the votes, tl The proviso then declares, that two b thirds of the members shall he necessary a to try the question. Again it may be c asked, two thirds of what managers ? ii And the rational and obvious answer is, s third* r?f thnsn whn held the election, d inv imiuw v-w . ...? It seems to me very clear, that a manager f< who had not been qualified, and who I had not actually aided in holding the election, would not be competent to sit v on the trial of the contest; and the con- tl struction contended for, would make i* o necessary always, that two thirds of the tl whole number should hold the election ; s and that every individual of them should i' be present at the count, and the trial; h which in nine cases out of ten, would be likely to defeat the election. And this c is a consideration of some weight, con- e sidering the great number of popular ri elections for District Officers, and the multitude of managers in many of the ft Districts. Of the eighteen managers n lef,after excluding the two who were absent from the District, and the one re- v cently appointed, who are to be consid- t< ?red as having refused to serve, there < if were at least three others, J. W. B. and! c ' B. and he who had removed from the eighborhood of his poll, who did not ualify, In fact, it was admitted, that le election was held by fourteen mana. ers only, including C. B. of whom lirteen were properly qualified; of these ivelve attended the count, and sat on the ial, exclusive of C. B. and J. W. B.? inder the former Acts, I think it is well ^tled, that a majority might hold the lection, and a majority might hear and etermine the contest. State vs Defies, lie, State vs Hoggins. The act of 1839, as made no change us to the number of mnagers, which shall be necessary to old the election. The same rule preails now, that did then; and I am satis, edthat in requiring two thircs to try the ontest, the Legislature meant two thirds f those who were qualified, and held the lection. All the reasoning of the Court, [i Iluggin's case, applies with aqual arce, to sustain this conclusion, lean perceive nothing in any of the rounds, to authorize me to disturb this lection, by making the rule absolute for Quo Warranto. Even if the Court was ot legally constituted, yet the election lay have been regular, legal and valid; nd it might have become necessary to ompel the managers, by mandamus, to arm themselves into a legal court, to ear and determine the question. But do not perceive that judgment of ouster ould be awarded, until it be shown that he election was void. Iam of opinion n the case made, that the respondent was uly elected, that the election was legally scertained and declared, and that the ourt was lawfully constituted. The mo. ion on behalf of the relator, for the writ f Quo Warranto, is refused. And it id considered by the court now ere, that the rule to shew cause be disharged, and that the respondent do go hereof without day. ! ?? ON DEEP FIRING. By Mr. John Scott, V. S., Sildare, Ireland. Being determined to test the truth of he assertion, that deep firing would pro. uce destructive sloughing, and even eath, and relying on the faithfulness of "* i - * At-Z ? ir. turner 8 report w me openmuii, i red a three-yearold black colt for a large plent, situated close to the knee, on the nside, and causing great lameness. I lade three longitudinal incisions with he iron, at as near to a white heat as I ou!d obtain it, quite through the skin, nd extending the whole length of the umor?the middle or central incision eing the deepest, and penetrating to the eriosteum, which I divided from end to nd over the enlargement The operation was performed on the 8th of October 1838, the horse having een previously prepared by reducing his ystem to comparative weakness?his eep for four or five days consisting of ran mashes and water supplied sparingly, applied cold water to the wounds for sventy.four hours without ceadlng ; and ccasiopally until the fourth day when its se was discontinued. The horse was ^turned to hia owner in a month, almost ? -> ? j _ .I. I eed trom lameness; ana in ine courso f the following spring was put to posting t which work he continues. I have sen him repeatedly pulling (for such is is temper) heavy carriages over our Mac. adamized roads without any apparent iconvenience from his fired leg. Case II.?On the 3d of January, J839, n eigh-year old bay horse was brought ) me very lame on the near foreleg, from roken down sinews, and perhaps diseas. d fetlock joint. The branches of the ! u^pcnsory ligament were hard and hickened. I lowered the horse as in be former case, and fired him through he skin with a red hot iron, making four rounds, each seven inches in length?in ront, in the rear ofrand on each side of he fetlock jointi I took four quarts of loodfrom the jugular vein, and immeditely commenced a fomentation with old water, which was continued without nterruption for three days. On the ncond night two quarts of blood were rawn from the plate vein. On the | tiurth day suppuration commenced and then allowed my patient some hay. The widest and deepest parts of the rounds measured as follows:?in front, hree inches wide, one inch deep; on the utside, one men wide, one men aeep, ai be back two inches and & half wide, but carcely more than skin deep; on the aside the wound did not separate wide. rThe symptoms on the 6th day were opious suppuration, weak cough, sloughy ffiuvia from the wounds. I gave a diuetic hall, some hay, and bran mashes. On the 7th day there was dulness, and itigue from standing. I allowed bran lashes anc hay. 8th day.?I increased his keep. He ras observed to rest the fired leg in order ) keep it relaxed, and only to stand upon : when the other fore leg was tired. The ircurnference of the^inflamed leg, at the thickest part of it, was sixteen inches; that of the sound one at the same part, namely, opposite the sessamoid bones, ten inches. 9th. day.?the fired leg was painful. It was often lifted, and held in the air? the pulse quickened?the faeces in small quantity?the tips of the cars cold and moist, with a discharge of a gelatinous nature from the wounds. By the abstrac. of one quart of blood from the jugula* vein the action of heart became slower and slower and weaker. I gave him a purging ball, and a mild diuretic at night, and feddiim on mashe# only. 10th day.?The horse is easy?the pulse quiet?the leg not painful?the diuretic acting?no sign of purging?the tendon of the extensor -pedis hare?'.he fired leg kept in a less relaxed position. 11th day. The horse has purged? fifty hours since the administration of the aloes. The leg straight, but not much leaned upon. Allowed hay, which he ate with uvidity, but refused mashes. On the 15th day, a slough of the extensor pedis five inches long, and thin, sep. rated and was removed. I 16th day. Allowed as much hay as he would eat, and bran mashes?fieces too ' dry and hot?pus from the wounds thinner and more lympoid?limb fomented with warm water, with evident benefit. 18th day. The horse walked firmly upon the fired leg; white curd-like discharge from the nostrils, and cough. Allowed one feed of oats daily. 2ist day. Condition improved. I fired him lightly for curb, and applied a blister. 22d day. Repeated the blister. , 24th day. The horse labors under in. Hammation, and there are symptoms of colic. Bled to three quarts, gave four ouncos of oil of turpentine, and one ounce of aloes in a ball, and repeated the docs of turpentine. It relieved him; but in about four hours the symptoms returned, and it was only by the administration of half a pint of turpentine and half an ounce of opium that relief was obtained. The horse was purged, and hot applies, tions to the loins and abdomen were used during the affair with advantage. It is unnecessary to enter farther into the particulars of this case: let it suffice to say, that about the 1st of March he was sent to his owner, who soon after put him to farm work. In the beginning of May fotkr months after the operation, I saw him. I had him taken from the harrow, and trotted. His lameness was not con. siderable, and his condition was improved. He was used as a post horse ; but died of colic in the summer of the same year on his return from one of his stages. In six other cases, and three of them of the hock, I fired through the skin, and found that, aftdr the application of cold water, as described, four or five days, an ointment composed of Venice turpentine, spermaceti ointment, camphor, lard, and oil of origanum, would soften the skin, and promote suppuration and healthy granulations. Wherever fungus appear, ed, I applied muriate of antimony, or nitrate of silver. I have not had suffi. cient experience of the effects of the operation as a means of cure to be able to offer it to the profession with the confi. ! dpure I maf nQcjurnrl Mr. Turner is iusti fied in; and should those line*, as undoubtedly they will, meet his eye, 1 would take the opportunity of thanking him for the many benefits I have derived from his valuable contributions to your Journal. In the hope of seeing many successful cases of deep firing related in the pages of "The Veterinarian," I remain, &c. The Veterinarian. From the American Farmer. ESSAY ON THE BEST MEANS OF RESTORING DETIORAEED LANDS, CAUSED BY IMPROVIDENT CULTIVATION. [We have published two essays on this subject, which received the prizes offered for the best thereon. We have concluded that it is due to the writers of other essays than those to which the prizes were awarded, as well as to our reader?, to publish the annexed and two others on file, as experiments and systems adapted to some portions of our country, are not Ul A 4 A /,4k 'PLAAA ?f? ll IP h 11/ ill apjjiH OLMO iu uincis. kh^k; nuivu follow the annexed, are from gentlemen iD North Carolina and Georgia^ the first of these an old and highly esteemed friend and correspondent.?They will shortly appear.] Middletowx. Frederick County, > March 11th, 1840. J Mr. Sand*?In the late numbers of the American Farmer, you offered very valuable premiums for the best essays on several subjects, connected with the improvements of agriculture, &c. I cannot, sir, proceed without complimenting you upon the selection of valuable premiums [ with which you propose to reward the successful competitors. I have long | thought, that, if instead of money, the Agricultural Societies would offer Agricultural books, Stock, Improved Implements, or fine varieties of fruit trees, their object in giving the premiums, and the interests of Agriculture generally would I be more promoted. There are many per. at sons (competitors for prizes) who.are eitb. p> cr unwilling or unable to purchase valua. C< ble books, stock, &c.. that would exert e? themselves to obtain them, wete they of- yi fered as premiums. Considering the old st editions of the American Farmer to con- m tain mo.-e valuable information on the hi subject of agriculture than any work ex* ol taut, I have long been de?irou9of obtain, w ing it: but my limited means forbade the a hope of ever doing it. Seeing that you pi offer it, and the volumes of the Farmer y and Gardener, for the best essay on the sc improvement of such soils as hav^ been ic deteriorated by improvident cultivation m suited to the states of Virgnia, Maryland, si and the Caroiinas, I offer myself as a can- b; didatc. You have indeed presented an u ample.field for commenting on. A per k son in looking over the exhausted tracts st ofhnd contained in those States, will be fe forcibly reminded of an anecdote of an y Ex*Governor of Maryland, who is an ex. t! c?dlent farmer. Being upon a Jury valu. tl ing the land which the Washington c Branch of the Baltimore and Ohio Rail 1 Road was about passing through, and be- ? ing in one of the poorest tracUHpf that very n poor country, he turned to some of the b farm* rs who were present, and observed, tl ?Gentlemen, your forefathers appear fi to have taken the cream off your soil, 1 and left you the skim milk. But I haz- ? ard the bold assertion, that there is not a single acre of this land, but what can be o improved so as to be worth an interest of r $200 per acre annually." The Farmers s who are settled upon these tracts will y doubtless look incredulous, and ask, how s nan fVl ia ka rlnna 1 f m r\a*na* k.taAt, kir n vau biuo uvuv i 4 nnovvvl viiwiijf \'j ' saying, good cultivation : in this is em. y braced, manuring, draining, and a proper n rotation of crops. I will begin with the p first of these items, and make such re- c marks as reason and experience will justi. q fy. " , . . ,c Manuring.?There are few, if any ? districts in those States, but what possess c resources in themselves that may be op- d plied to the improvement of.the soil; foy n instance, lime and marl exist in abundance; but these, particularly the former, act as stimulants, and there is more need of animal and vegetable manure to supply those properties which bad management has exhausted. Doubtless every farmer knows that animal manure will improve the soil, but will ask how it can be obtain* ed in sufficient quantities. This I will tiy to answer directly. In the interim, let them follow the injunction of that ex* cellent farmer, Wiliiara West: if you cannot make ten acres good, make five; if not five, make one?at any rate, what, ever you do, let it be done well. This I well know will be a slow way of imprpv. ing large farms ; but let those parts of it that you cannot manure in this way, be improved by ploughing in green crops.? Clover, oats, Indian corn, and buckwheat, are the principal crops that are used for this purpose. Of these clover ranks first; but there is much land too poor to bring it in sufficient quantities to do any good. Such lands should be ploughed as early as possible in the spring, and sown with oats, at the rate of two and a half bushels to the^acre ; when the straw is turning to. wards maturity, they should be turned in with a chain prefixed before the share of the plough,, and another crop of oats, or buckwheat, turned in before frost. If the ground be very poor, this process ought to be repeated another season, or Indian corn may be turned in, and lime spread at the rate of SO bushels to the nrr* ;r shell, or 25. if stone lime. I think h {his quantify is best for land that has never j been litned, but the application must be p repeated in three or.four years; at any I time, 50 bushels is quite sufficient for ten year. After ploughing in the last crop of i green manure, and applying lime, you s mav sow wheat, or oats and clover r i i the 'pring. I ' hink the oats best, for f the green crop is apt to make land too I spongy and light rendering it more liable t to be thrown out by the frosts. If the r farmer thinks he ought to have more from ii the land to repay him for his labor and f ! experse, he can put it in corn, and then tl in grain closer.?Those who live in pine districts, car add much to the fertility of a the soil, by cutting small branches of the p green pine, and ploughing them in, or c what is better, putting them thick upon * the suriace ofthe land, and letting thenwe- d main two years, or until the leaves fall, and fi then plough them in. Cedar will answer, b but not as well. As a general rule, shad- b ing land is always beneficial. The, cow 'si pea is also used, but I am not much ac- fi quainted with it. Before proceeding fur- u ther, I wiil state the best means of mak- * ing and applying manure. There are o few farmers conscious ofthe quantity of v manure that may be made with a little o extra attention. 1st. Make your barn- e yard upon level ground if possible; the p bottom of stiff compact soil, if not natur- tl ally so, it should be made so : let it be cor. Il ercd six inches thick with good soil, such fi as contains grass roots, ana omer vegeta* u ble matter, is the best?-that from swampy C ground, is very good. Let leaves be tl hauled and spread over?feed your cattle is on this from November until May, if you fi have food sufficient. In goq? land there b is always a quantity of rag weed which o comes up after wheat and rye. This, if h ' cut when green, and hauled to the yard o will make a large quantity of excellent ft I manure by the ensuing spring. All weeds it lould be cut before going to seed, and it in the yard to rot ; let your yard be tncaveaoasto prevent the liquid from leaping. In case of much rain, aud the ird becoming flooded, more leaves or raw should he added, .and some good tould occasionally. AO hog-pens should ave a yard proportionate to the number f hogs. Let this be well supplied with eeds, leaves, potato toMg&jfeu and with few loads of soil; you if you think roper, add the long atrtwpmanure from our horse stable. To make hogs root, ratter a little corn over the yard ocp&s* ?nally. This will be the best mature* lade upon your farm. Those who k^ep tecp, can make a great deal of manure y simply making a pen in their pasture, nder a tree where they resort for shade; eep the bottom covered with leaves or raw ; when tho pen gets foul, scatter a ?w loads of soil over it, to keep it sweet our sheep will resort to it in warm wetter Ave or six hours during the heat of le day, and when the weather becomes ooler, you can drive them in at night.? %he pen may be made in the fashion of rorm fences. This will add to your ma. ure heap considerably, without much la. or or expense. Sheep manure is one of to best, but it is generally lost to those trmers who let their sheep run out. [ere is also another plan, which the most f farmers neglect, viz: Difc a hole in ome place convenient to. but out of sight f the house ; let this be filled with the ubbish, old grass, dust, dec. that is contantly collecting about your outhouses, ard and garden, the manure of fowls, crapings of the wood-yard, dec.: to these nay be added tbe hair that is scraped from our hogs in killing, which is an excellent nanure.?When you have your bole filled, our on all your old soap suds, dirty water, hamber-ley, die. 1 By this means a large [uantjty of excellent compost can be pro. ured, which apply to your grain and ;rass. If lime can be obtained, a fine :ompost may be made as follows: Collect lirt from your ditches, road-sides, baulks nadein ploughing, and in fact any thing hat contains vegetable matter?make this nto a flat/heap, and add lime, fresh from he kiln, in the proportion of 25 bushels o 100 loads of soil. To the above may te added nil kinds of weeds. This will te found as effective at stable manure. implication.?There are many different ipinions as to the state!* which manure bould be applied?whether in a fermened or unfermented state ,* ploughed in or tut upon the surface. 1 will briefly state ny own experience: All calcareous ubstances have a tendency to sink; herefore they should be applied on, as tear tbe top of the soil as possible. I rill remark, that lime should never be ap. lied to a soil destitute of vegetable mat- * er, except in form of compost with earth; t may be applied as ameliorator of the oil; in this case it should be applied hree or four years before ploughing. If he soil is stiff. I would apply it an unfer* nented state, ploughed under for corn or potatoes; to be ploughed to the surface as oon as the crop is taken off. Thia method will afford the soil an opportunitv of mbibing all the gas, at the same time pre. anting the liquid from sinkingr If the ground be light and sandy, the manure hould be applied to the soil in a state aHed much, or about three-fourths fernented ; without the sub-soil is very com. uct, the liquid will sink and the effects ..ill la.t knt a iknrt lim?. tf ihfl (MllltM Till 1(191 VU? i* UKVI a. mm W , wmwmmmm ^ s left in the yard whilst fermenting, it bould be covered with soil. I have per* taps taken up too much time on the sub* ect of manure, but as it is the most important to the farmer of poor soils, I hope shall be excused. A Deep Ploughing.?This is absolutely iccessary to make farming profitable for iny length of time, hf w. verricb the ground nay be; plants can never arrive at perfection unless the soil is deep and loosedo not mean that the ground should be rench ploughed at once, (as some writers ecommend.) as that would put back the mprovement many years; but let the armer increase the depth of the soil, as he means of Improvement increase. Draining.?I do not mean to enter into full description of this indispensable rocess, but shall make a few remarks to onvince those who have net soil,, and rish to improve it, of the necessity of raining. There is much land on many irms, which, if well drained, would dou. le their original vaiue. No manure will e found to act very effectively, if the soil or iib>8oiJ contains too much water. Many irmers think draining necessary only pon swampy or marsh land, .where the rater is apparent; but there are many ther soils which it would beoefit much* iz: a persimmon soil. The latter part f July and the month of August is genrally the most suitable time for the purose, both as it regards leisure time and le ground being in a suitable condition, f the ground is so level that you cannot nd the lowest part to conduct your drain irough, a Surveyor ought to be employed, lovered drains are generally the best, loiigh at first the most expensive. Stone i the best for the purposes of the common irmSr; where it cannot be obtained, rush. Draining file is better than either f these, but it is more expensive, and# to k. Aki.inail A full -^n.rrinlinM KIWI IV UV WIVIIIVU* IUII ? fthe best modes of draining, can be >ond in the American Farmer, Culture- * x, or any other agricultural peogdiotL ; >